Ma CLPa thi trLFang bao hiem
va nhCpng van de dat ra doi vm doanh nghiep bao hiem a> Viet Nam
TS. NGUYEN THI THU HA
Th.S. NGUYEN DOAN CHAU TRINH"
Ld mpt nin kinh ti dang phdt triin, Viet Nam Id thi tru&ng tiem nang cho cdc doanh nghiip nu&c ngodi trong linh vice tdi chinh, trong do co dich vu bdo hiim. Trong ndm 2015, Viet Nam kit thuc ddm phdn Hiep dinh Doi tdc xuyin Thdi Binh Duang (TPP) vd chinh thu:c ciing v&i cdc nu&c ASEAN thdnh lap Cpng dong Kinh ti ASEAN (AEC) v&i cdc cam kit ve m& cica thi tru&ng dich vu bdo hiim. Bdi viit ndy tap trung phdn tich cac cam kit vi cua Viet Nam vi m& cica thi tru&ng bdo hiim trong khuon
kho hai hiip dinh lien kit kinh te quoc ti niu trin trong su doi sdnh v&i cdc cam kit gia nhgp To chiec Thuang mgi thi gi&i (WTO) di ldm ro cdc vdn di khde biit vd su thay doi trong moi tru&ng kinh doanh dich vu bdo hiim. Ben cgnh do, bdi viit cdng phdn tich thi tru&ng bdo hiim cua Viet Nam trong moi tuang quan v&i cdc nu&c
tham gia cdc hiip dinh (TPP) vd ASEAN di tic do ldm ro vdn de dgt ra doi v&i cdc doanh nghiip kinh doanh dich vu bdo hiim Viet Nam cting nhu nhitng vd thdch thicc do cdc lien kit kinh ti ndy mang lgi.
Tir khoa: Bdo hiim, hpi nhgp, thi tru&ng.
1. Cam ket cua Viet Nam ve md cira thi nhugng tai bao hiem; trung gian bao hiem (mdi tru-ffng bao hiim trong TPP va AEC va WTO gioi bao hiem, dai ly bao hilm), cac dich vu ho trg bao hiem (tu van, dich vu tinh toan, danh gia nii ro va giai quyet bdi thudng); ii) Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai khdng cd hien dien thuong mai tai Viet Nam dugc cung cip dich vu Khi gia nhap WTO, Viet Nam da cam ket
md cira thi trudng dich vu bao hilm d miic kha cao va cho den nay, Viet Nam da thyc hien diy
du cam ket ve md cira thi trudng bao hilm phii , , , • - . , .„ . , . , ,
. , ! , . , „ „ , ^ ' ^ T J . . , , . , ; bao hiem qua men giai a cac truang hop: cung hgp cam ket gia nhap WTO, cu the: i) Viet Nam , ^- u i,^ u-~ u J i. f-/ . x
.> , , , . , ..i ^ \ ' . . ' cap dich -vu bao hiem cho doanh nghiep co von aa ma cua thi truang day du dot voi cac phan ^x ' ', , - , , . , ' , . , ,
, , , , , . . , „ / , , , , , . . r, dau tu nuoc ngoai va nguai nuoc ngoat lam nganh: bao hiem nhan tho (tru bao hiem y te), --^ , • ,,•-,-KT J- I -•, , , .j ,. , , , , .J , . , , , , ' . , , , .J , , . viec tai Viet Nam, dich vu tat bao mem, dich vu bao hiem phi nhan tho, tai bao hiem va chuyen „ , , . x x , , ' ,. , . j x x ,,
-' van tai quoc te (van tai bien quoc te, van tai TI ' , hang khdng thuang mai qudc t l va hang hda
*Triro-ngDai hoc Ngoai thuong - Co-so-II tai TP. Ho „ , j , , , x x^ ,. , , . , . Chi Minh ' ^ ^ chuyen qua canh quoc te), dich vu mot gtai
**Hoc vien Dai hoc Ngan hang bao hiem va mdi gidi tai bao hiem, dich vu tu
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Mg cCra thi trudng bao hilm... Nguyin Thj Thu Ha - Nguyin Doan Chau Trinh
van, dich vy tinh toan, danh gia nii ro va giai quyet bdi thudng; iii) Phuang thiic cung cip dich vy bao hiem thdng qua tieu diing ngoai lanh thd va hien dien thuang mai hoan toan khdng bi ban che trong pham vi cac phan nganh cam kit md cira (Ban Cdng tac ve viec gia nhap WTO cua Viet Nam, 2007).
So sanh cac cam kit WTO va cam kit TPP cd the thay mdt sd diem dang chii y nhu sau:
Thie nhdt, ddi vdi Hiep dinh TPP, each tilp can trong qua trinh dam phan la "chpn cho" ddi vdi pham vi cac phan nganh cam kit va "chpn eho" ddi vdi cac ndi dung cam kit cu thi cho tirng phan nganh; tuy nhien, trong WTO cac ngi dung cam ket cu thi cho timg phan nganh cd thi thyc hien theo each tilp can "chgn cho" hoac
"chpn bd" tiiy timg trudng hgp. Khi toan van ndi dung ciia Hiep dinh TPP dugc cdng b l , cac cam ket eiia Viet Nam trong linh vyc bao hilm cd mdt sd diem khac biet so vdi cam kit gia nhap WTO.
Thic hai, pham vi cac phan nganh cam kit dugc md rdng ban so vdi WTO. Cam kit cua Viet Nam bao gdm: Bao hilm tryc tilp (bao hilm nhan thg, bao hilm phi nhan thg, khdng loai trir bao hilm y tl); Tai bao hilm va nhugng tai bao hilm; Nghiep vy trung gian bao hilm nhu mdi gidi, dai ly bao hilm; Cac dich vy phyc phuc vy cho bao hilm nhu tu van, xac dinh phi bao hilm, danh gia rui ro, cac dich vu giai quylt quyln lgi bao hilm, cac nghiep vy thu cac khoan chi phi bao hilm tra trudc va cac khoan phai hoan tra lai tir ngudi dan. Nhu vay, so vdi cam kit WTO thi cam kit TPP rdng ban, khdng ban chl dich vy bao hiem y te va md rdng cho ca cac dich vu mdi dugc bd sung. Ddi vdi dich vu tai chinh mdi thi cac ben phai cam kit cho phep ben kia dugc phep cung cip dich vy tai chfnh mdi ddi vdi nudc ben kia nhu cac td chiic tai chfnh cua nudc minh ma khdng ban hanh them quy dinh phap luat mdi hoac sira d i i quy dinh phap luat
hien hanh. Viec tir chdi cap giay phep boat dpng cho dich vy tai chinh mdi chi cd thi can cir vao Iy do dam bao tfnh an toan.
Thie ba, each tiep can ddi vdi phuong thiic cung cap dich vu qua bien gidi la "chgn bd" thay vi "chpn cho" nhu trong WTO, sy ban che dii vdi phuang thiic nay da dugc thu hep han din miic chi loai trii dich vy bao hiem qua bien gidi khdng cam ket tai Phu luc Cung cap dich vu qua bien gidi cua Viet Nam, cdn lai cac phan nganh trong pham vi cam ket deu khdng ban chl.
Thic tu, ve tiep can thi trudng thi cam kit TPP tuong ty nhu cam kit WTO sau khi da do bd cac ban che sau 5 nam gia nhap. Theo npi dung cam ket, cac doanh nghiep bao hilm nudc ngoai khdng dugc thanh lap chi nhanh tai Viet Nam ngoai trir chi nhanh doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan thp. D l dugc cip giiy phep thanh lap chi nhanh bao hilm phi nhan thp tai Viet Nam, doanh nghiep phi nhan thp nudc ngoai phai dap iing cac dilu kien theo quy dinh ciia phap luat Viet Nam trong dd bao glm cac dieu kien ve: i) Nang lyc boat ddng, nang lyc tai chinh va nang lyc quan ly, giam sat chi nhanh tai Viet Nam cua doanh nghiep bao hilm phi nhan thg; ii) Kha nang hgp tac giQa co quan quan ly, giam sat bao hilm nudc ngoai noi doanh nghiep bao hilm phi nhan thg nudc ngoai ddng try sd chfnh va ca quan quan ly giam sat bao hiem Viet Nam v l quan ly, giam sat chi nhanh doanh nghiep bao hilm phi nhan thp nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam. V l hien dien tbi nhan thi Viet Nam cam kit cho phep cung cip dich vy bao hilm thdng qua hien dien thi nhan ngoai trir dich vu dai ly bao hilm tai Viet Nam.
Thic ndm, v l nghia -vy lien quan, cac ben phai tuan thii nguyen tac ddi xii qudc gia va nguyen tac ddi xii tdi hue qudc. Ddi vdi phan nganh bao hiem, ngoai viec thda man cac dilu kien chung de thanh lap doanh nghiep cung iing djch vu bao hiem, doanh nghiep mdi gidi bao hilm va doanh nghiep tai bao hilm thi cac nha diu tu phai dap iing cac dieu kien bd sung dugc quy 50 NhOng vin di KINH T i VA CHiNH TRj THt GIOI So 5 (241) 2016
Nguyin Thj Thu Ha - Nguyin Doan Chau Trinh Md cua thi trudng bao hilm..
dinh trong Nghi dinh 45/2007/ND-CP, Nghi dinh 124/2011/ND-CP vl sl nam kinh nghiem, miic tdng tai san, boat dgng kinh doanh cd lai va khdng vi pham cac quy dinh ve boat ddng kinh doanh bao hiem cua nudc nai doanh nghiep ddng tru sd chfnh. Ddi vdi dich vy tai bao hiem, ngoai cac dieu kien chung ve cung
cip dich vy nay thi cac doanh nghiep cung cap dich vy tai bao hilm nudc ngoai phai dap iing them cac dilu kien ve he sd tin nhiem dugc quy dinh cua Viet Nam nhu Luat sira ddi bd sung mdt sd dilu cua Luat kinh doanh bao hiem sd 6I/2012/QH12 va Thdng tu I24/2012/TT-BTC cua Bg Tai chfnh Viet Nam (xem Bdng I).
Bang 1: So sanh cac cam ket ciia Viet Nam trong khuon kho WTO va TPP Noi dung
Cac phan nganh cam kit
Cung cap dich vu qua bien gidi
Tieu diing dnudc ngoai Hien dien thirong mai Hien dien the nhan
WTO
a. Bao hiem goc bao gom bao hiem nhan tho (trir bao hiem y te) va bao hiem phi nhan tho.
b. Tai bao hiem va nhuong tai bao hiem.
c. Trung gian bao hiem (nhu moi gidi bao hiem va dai ly bao hiem).
d. Djch vu ho trg bao hiem (nhu tu van, dich vu tinh toan, danh gia rui ro va giai quyet boi thuang).
Khong han che doi vdi:
- Dich vu bao hiem cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai, ngudi nudc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam;
- Dich vu tai bao hiem;
Dich vu bao hiem van tai quoc te - Dich vu moi gidi bao hiem va moi gidi tai bao hiem;
Djch vu tu van, dich vu tinh toan, danh gia rui ro va giai quyet boi thuong.
Khong ban che.
Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai khong dugc thanh lap chi nhanh tai Viet Nam ngoai trir chi nhanh doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan tho nudc ngoai.
Chua cam ket ngoai trir cam ket chung.
TPP
Cam kit WTO + bao hilm y te + cac loai hinh dich vu lien quan den bao hiem mdi.
- Doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai khi cung cip dich vu bao hiem qua bien gidi khong cam kit tai Phu luc "Cung cap dich vu qua bien gidi" cua Viet Nam chi cd the thuc hien qua doanh nghiep moi gidi bao hiem dugc cap phep thanh lap va hoat dong tai Viet Nam;
- Doanh nghiep moi gidi bao hiem nudc ngoai cung cap dich vu bao hiem qua bien gidi khong cam ket tai Phu luc "Cung cap djch vu qua bien gidi" cua Viet Nam chi cd the moi gidi cho doanh nghiep bao hiem hoac chi nhanh doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan thp nudc ngoai dugc cap phep thanh lap va hoat dong tai Viet Nam.
Khdng han che.
Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai khong dugc thanh lap chi nhanh tai Viet Nam ngoai trir chi nhanh doanh nghiep bao hilm phi nhan tho nudc ngoai.
The nhan nudc ngoai khong dugc phep cung cap djch vu dai ly bao hilm tai Viet Nam.
Nguon: Ban Cong tdc ve viec gia nhgp WTO cua Viet Nam, Todn van npi dung Hiip dinh TPP bdn dich tgi Thuvienphapluat.vn.
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51
Md cua thi trudng bao hiem.. Nguyin Thj Thu Ha - Nguyin Doan Chau Trinh
Ddi vdi AEC, cac nudc thanh vien deu cam kit theo Id trinh se md ciia thi trudng dich vy hoan toan vao nam 2020. Den cudi nam 2015, cac qudc gia thanh vien da cam kit md cira d mdt sd phan nganh dich vy bao hiem nhat dinh, tuong ling nhu pham vi md cira cac phan nganh cua Viet Nam trong WTO (xem Bdng 2). Trong dd, Indonesia va Philippines la hai nudc md cua thi trudng manh me nhat do la: Bao hiem nhan thg, bao hiem phi nhan thg, tai bao hiem va chuyin nhugng tai bao hiem, trung gian bao hiem va dich vy hd trg bao hiem. Campuchia, Malaysia, Singapore va Viet Nam ciing da cam ket md cira 4 phan nganh trir bao hiem nhan thg. Ciing vdi cam ket ty do hda ca 4 phuong thiic bao gdm: Cung cap dich vy qua bien gidi
(phuang thiic 1); tieu dimg ngoai lanh thi (phuang thiic 2); hien dien thuang mai (phuang thiic 3); hien dien thi nhan (phuang thiic 4) thi sau AEC, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem tir cac nudc ASEAN cd thi cung cap dich vu bao hiem tryc tilp cho cac ca nhan, td chiic d nudc ASEAN khac; cac ca nhan, td chiic trong ASEAN cd thi ty do mua cac dich vu bao hiem d cac nudc ASEAN khac; cac doanh nghiep bao hilm ASEAN dugc md cdng ty, chi nhanh boat ddng d nudc ASEAN khac; cac chuyen gia bao hilm cd thi ty do kilm viec lam, cung cap dich vy d cac nudc ASEAN khac theo Id trinh cam kit cua timg qudc gia ASEAN va tien tdi tu do hda toan bd d tit ca cac nudc ASEAN vao nam 2020.
Bang 2: Cac quoc gia cam ket thu-c hien muc tieu tu- do hoa nganh bao hiem vao nam 2015
Phan nganh Bao hiem nhan thg Bao hiem phi nhan thp
Tai bao hiem va chuyen nhugng tai bao hiem
Tnmg gian bao hiem Dich vu hd trg bao hiem
Quoc gia cam ket Indonesia, Philippines
Brunei Darussalam, Campuchia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore va Viet Nam
Brunei Darussalam, Campchia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore va Viet Nam
Campuchia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore va Viet Nam
Brunei Darussalam, Campuchia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore va Viet Nam
Nguon: ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint.
So sanh nhiing cam ket md cira thi trudng bao hiem trong TPP va AEC vdi cac cam kit md cira thi trudng bao hilm cua Viet Nam khi gia nhap WTO, chiing ta cd thi thiy ring thyc chit cac cam ket TPP hay AEC trong ITnh vyc bao hiem chi la cac cam kit trong WTO md rdng hay "WTO +", trong dd vin dl dugc md rdng la mdi trudng canh tranh binh ding ban va cac dich vu bao hiem mdi cd thi tham nhap thi trudng thuan lgi han. Vdi nhung cam kit md cua thi trudng d tit ca cac phan nganh bao hilm quan trgng va dieu kien tilp can thi trudng rdng rai ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep bao hilm nudc ngoai trong qua trinh thyc hien cam kit gia
nhap WTO trong 8 nam qua, thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam d cac phan nganh dich -vu bao hiem truyen thdng quan trgng se khdng bi tac dpng tryc tiep bdi qua trinh thyc hien cam ket cua TPP va AEC vl ITnh vyc bao hiem. Tuy nhien, ciing vdi qua trinh thyc hien cac cam ket ve thuang mai hang hda, thuang mai dich vu, dau tu... cua cac lien ket kinh te qudc te nay, thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam se cd them nhieu co hdi kinh doanh cho chfnh cac loai hinh dich va bao hiem truyen thdng va cac loai hinh dich vu bao hiem mdi ciing se ra ddi va cimg vdi do la sy gia tang tham nhap thi trudng cua cac doanh nghiep tir cac qudc gia thanh vien nham khai
i l l j
NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH TRj THt GIOI So 5 (241) 2016NguylrTThjThu Ha - Nguyin Doan Chau Trinh Md CLPa thi trudng bao hiem.
thac tiem nang thi trudng bao hilm Viet Nam va khu vyc.
2. Thi tru-ong bao hiem Viet Nam
Ve quy md thi trudng, thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam cd quy md khdng dang ke so vdi 12 nudc thanh vien TPP trong ca hai ITnh vyc bao hiem nhan thg va phi nhan thg. Doanh thu phi bao hiem phi nhan thg va bao hiem nhan thp tai thi trudng Viet Nam lan lugt la 1.293 va 1.290 trieu USD, chilm khoang 0,12% va 0,13% trong tdng doanh thu ciia cac nudc TPP (trir Brunei khdng cd sd lieu thdng ke). Trong khii ASEAN, thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam d nhdm cd quy md nhd, doanh thu phi bao hiem nhan thg va phi nhan thg deu thap ban Singapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia, Indonesia va Philippines; quy md thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam chua bang 1/10 so vdi thi trudng ldn nhat trong khu vyc la Singapore. Cac chi sd ty
trgng doanh thu phf bao hiem trong GDP tinh theo ngang gia siic mua (PPP) va doanh thu phi bao hilm binh quan dau ngudi tai Viet Nam Cling diu d mirc rat thap so vdi hau bet cac nudc thanh vien trong hai lien ket kinh te qudc t l (xem Bdng 3). Nhu vay, vdi quy md thi trudng ban che, chi phf bao hiem ciia nen kinh t l cdn khiem tdn nhung vdi tdc do tang trudng cua nen kinh te va tac dpng cua qua trinh hgi nhap kinh t l qudc te, thi trudng bao hilm Viet Nam se la thi trudng tiem nang cho cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai, do dd cac ap lyc canh tranh ddi doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam se ngay cang ldn ban. Tuy nhien, qua trinh hdi nhap ciing da md ra cho cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam ca hdi tilp can thuan lgi ban vdi mdt thi trudng bao hiem rdng ldn vdi 11 nudc thanh vien TPP va 9 nudc thanh vien AEC vdi doanh thu phf bao hiem hang tram ty USD.
Bdng 3: Quy mo thi trudng bao hiem ciia cac nu-dc thanh vien Hiep dinh TPP va cac nu-dc ASEAN nam 2014
Mf
Nhat Ban' Canada' Australia' Mexico' New Zealand' Chile' Peni' Singapore''' Thai Lan'' Malaysia''' Indonesia'' Philippines"' Viet Nam""
Bao hiem phi nhan tho Doanh
thu (trieu USD)"
752.222 108.174 73.235 31.924 14.645 9.808 4.513 1.841 11.458
8.400 5.633 5.148 1.369 1.293
Ty trgng trong GDP
tinh theo PPP (%)
4,31 2,25 4,64 2,90 0,68 6,18 1,10 0,49 2,57 0,85 0,75 0,20 0,20 0,25
Doanh thu binh quan dau ngu-oi (USD/ngu-oi)
2.359 851 2.102 1.418 122 2.228
260 61 2.058
124 187 20
13 14
Bao hiem nhan tho Doanh
thu (trieu USD) 528.221 371.588 52.138 56.151 12.597 1.826 6.401 1.736 15.543 13.297 10.231 10.159 4.420 1.290
Ty trong trong GDP
tinh theo PPP (%)
3,03 7,73 3,30 5,10 0,59 1,15 1,56 0,46 3,49 1,34 1,37 0,40 0,64 0,25
Doanh thu binh quan dau ngu-oi (USD/ngu-oi)
1.656 2.924 1.497 2.495 105 415 369 58 2.792
196 340 40 41 14 Nguon: Insurance Information Institute, International Insurance Fact Book. 2016.
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53
Md cua thi trudng bao hilm... Nguyin Thj Thu Ha - Nguyin Doan Chau Trinh v l tdc dp tang trudng, thi trudng bao hiem
Viet Nam trong 5 nam qua ludn duy tri dugc tdc do tang trudng kha cao ve doanh thu phf bao hilm, dac biet la ITnh vyc bao hiem nhan thg.
Trong nam 2015, thi trudng bao hiem nhan thg Viet Nam dat t i c do tang trudng den 29,5%, cao nhat trong 5 nam qua, thi trudng bao hiem phi nhan thp cting dat mirc tang trudng 14%.
Trong ITnh vyc bao hiem phi nhan thp, cac loai hinh bao hiem siic khde va tai nan con ngudi, bao hiem tai san va thiet hai va bao hiem hang hda van chuyen cd tdc do tang trudng tdt. Trong
thdi gian tdi, cimg vdi qua trinh hdi nhap trong khudn khd TPP va AEC cgng ddng kinh te ASEAN, cac ddng vdn dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, thuang mai hang hda, thuang mai dich vu gia tang do cac cam ket md cua thi trudng va sii di chuyin ty do ve lao dgng se lam gia tang quy md va tie dp tang trudng ciia cac loai hinh bao hilm hien cd ddng thdi se cd nhiing nhu cau mdi vl dich vu bao hiem theo tap quan cua cac doanh nghiep, thi nhan nudc ngoai cd boat dpng kinh doanh tai Viet Nam vi dy bao hiem trach nhiem ddi vdi san pham, nghe nghiep, mdi trudng...
Bdng 4: Toe do tang trudng doanh thu phi bao hiem phi nhan tho va nhan tho tai thi tru-dng Viet Nam giai doan 2011 - 2015
Bdo hiem phi nhdn thg
Bao hiem xe ca gidi Bao hiem tai san va thiet hai
Bao hiem siic khde va tai nan con ngudi Bao hiem hang hda van chuyen.
Bao hiem chay nd
Bao hiem than tau va trach nhiem dan sy chil tau
Bdo hiim nhdn tho
2011
17,56 13,00 24,00 34,00 43,00
-
16,20
2012
10,33 1,59 7,00 22,25
6,20 -
14,80
2013
7,00 7,70 11,00 26,00 11,90 -23,50
-7,20 23,10
2014
12,48 13,13 7,86 17,67 14,93 26,71 10,28 14,89
2015
14,00
- _ - -
29,50
Nguon: Hiip hpi Bdo hiim Viet Nam, Tdng quan thi tru&ng Bdo hiim Viet Nam 2011 - 2015.Ve sy phan chia thi phan tai thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam, trong ITnh vyc bao hilm phi nhan thp cac cdng ty bao hilm ndi dia diu la nhiing doanh nghiep din diu thi trudng v l doanh thu phi bao hilm g l c trong nam 2014 theo thii ty la Tdng cdng ty C l phin Bao hilm Diu khi Viet Nam (PVI) vdi doanh thu khoang 5.722 ty ddng (20,89% thi phin), tilp din la Bao Viet vdi 5.703 ty dong (20,82% thi phin), Bao Minh la 2.599 ty ddng (9,49%) (Hiep hdi Bao hilm Viet Nam, 2015). Cac s l lieu nay khang dinh vi the virng chic va nang lyc canh tranh cao cua cac doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam v l ITnh vuc bao hilm phi nhan thp. Ddi vdi ITnh vyc bao hilm nhan thp, trong 6 doanh
nghiep chiem thi phan tren 5%) tai thi trudng Viet Nam trong nam 2014, chi cd Bao Viet nhan thg la doanh nghiep xep thii hai vdi 23,71%) thi phan, cdn lai thi phan cua thi trudng bao hiem nhan thg chu yeu thudc ve cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai, trong do cao nhit la cdng ty Prudential vdi 24,7%, tiep theo la Dai-ichi (11,37%), Manulife (11,17%), AIA (10,39%) va Ace Hfe (5,78%). Dilm ylu cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam la quy mo nhd, nang luc canh tranh ylu, chien luge kinh doanh khdng rd rang nen ban che kha nang dau tu vao cdng nghe hien dai nhu he thdng thdng tin, khd duy tri dugc thi phan va nang luc canh tranh.
54 • NtiOng vin di KINH Tt VA CHINH TRj THt GIOI So 5 (241) 2016
j j g H y j g J l ^ i Thu Ha - N g u y i n Doan Chau Trinh Md cira thi trudng bao h i l m . Ben canh dd, sd lugng doanh nghiep bao
hiem dugc xip hang (rating) tir cac td chiic xep hang uy tfn thi gidi cdn ft. Nam 2013, toan thi trudng bao hilm phi nhan thg (BHPNT) cd 4 doanh nghiep dugc xip hang bdi cdng ty xep hang tfn nhiem A.M.Best vdi ket qua la Samsung Vina va Vinare dugc xep hang B++, PVI va PVIRe dugc xep hang B+ (Tdt). Nam 2014, PVI da dugc nang xep hang len B++ va them BIC dugc xep hang B+. Tuy vay, so vdi cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai thi mirc xep hang nay cdn kha khiem tdn. Day chfnh la trd ngai Idn ddi vdi cac cdng ty khdng dugc xep hang khi mudn tham gia thi trudng the gidi hoac cung iing dich vu cho cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai boat dpng tai Viet Nam trong ca hoat dpng bao hiem gdc va tai bao hiem. Do
vay, trong tiln trinh hdi nhap TPP va AEC, cac doanh nghiep se gap nhieu thach thiic mdi tir sy canh tranh cua cac doatih nghiep bao hiem ASEAN khac ngay tai san nha, dac biet tii cac nudc cd nganh bao hiem phat trien ban nhu Singapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Nhat Ban vdi lich sir boat dpng lau ddi va tin nhiem cao... khi cac doanh nghiep nay thanh lap cdng ty, md chi nhanh tai Viet Nam, gia tang ban bao hiem qua bien gidi, trien khai cac dich vy trung gian va phu trg bao hiem, tai bao hiem, tham gia cac thi trudng ngach ma cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam cdn yeu nhu bao hiem rui ro mang, rui ro dac thil, cac dich vu bao hiem mdi ddi vdi thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam.
Bdng 5: Doanh thu bao hiem goc, toe do tang trudng doanh thu va thj phan ciia cac doanh nghiep dan dau trong linh vuc bao hiem phi nhan tho tai Viet Nam nam 2014
Doanh nghiep
PVI Bao Viet Bao Minh PJICO
|PTI
Doanh thu bao hiem goc (ty dong)
5.722 5.703 2.599 2.123 1.719
Toe dp tang trudng (%)
12,24 1,37 12,62
7,45 17,47
Thi phan (%)
20,89 20,82 9,49 7,75 6,28 Nguon: Bdo cdo tdi chinh cdc doanh nghiep bdo hiem.
Ve khia eanh cdng nghe cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam, viec iing dyng cdng nghe thdng tin vao boat ddng quan tri kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam vin cdn nhieu ban che. Cac nghiep vy kinh doanh thdng thudng nhu tao lap dan bao hilm, lap hda dan, tao lenh chuyen tien, thanh toan, tao lap va phat hanh don bao hiem... chua dugc thyc hien ty ddng tren he thdng cdng nghe thdng tin. Ben canh be thdng cdng nghe thdng tin cdt ldi cho boat ddng quan tri kinh doanh
bao hiem, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam cQng dang gap nhieu khd khan trong viec dau tu phat trien cac giai phap thuong mai dien tir da kenh de md rgng thi trudng, tiep can khach hang mdi va giam chi phf giao dich. Vdi be thdng thuong mai dien tir da kenh, khach hang cd the tiep can vdi nhieu kenh ban hang khac nhau cua doanh nghiep va dugc bd trg nhilu ban tir he thdng cdng nghe thdng tin cho cae giao dich vdi doanh nghiep bao hilm (Le Diic Linh, 2014).
NhOng vin di KINH Tt Mk CHiNH TRj TH^ GIOI So 5 (241) 2016-
• • 5 5 -
Md cua thj trudng bao hiem.. Nguyin Thj Thu Ha - Nguyin Doan Chau Trinh
Hinh I: Thj phan ciia cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nhan tho tren thi tru-dng Viet Nam nam 2014 (%)
D Prudential H B^o Viet D Manulife n Dai-ichi
• AIA n ACE Ufe
B Cac doanh nghiep khac
Nguon: Hiep hpi Bdo hiim Viet Nam.
4. Mot so van de flat ra doi vol doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam
Trudc thyc trang thi trudng bao hilm Viet Nam trong bdi canh tirng budc thyc thi cac cam ket cua Hiep dinh TPP va AEC, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam cin luu y cac vin de sau:
Thie nhdt, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam can cd ke hoach duy tri quan he vdi khach bang hien tai, thyc hien chinh sach hau mai, cham sdc khach hang hien tai tdt hon dl vun dip Idng trung thanh cua khach hang hien tai, qua dd cd the giii dugc khach hang trudc ap lyc canh tranh tir cac doanh nghiep bao hilm nudc ngoai. Ddng thdi, cac doanh nghiep ciing cin tan dung thdi gian dau hpi nhap dl tang cudng cdng tac quang ba hinh anh, thuang hieu cdng ty trong nhirng nam sip tdi nhim tao i n tugng, thu hiit sy quan tam cua cac khach hang npi dia tiem nang, tir dd tao dugc ngudn khach hang tilm nang mdi va phat triln dugc boat dpng kinh doanh.
Thie hai, cac doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam cin tap trung tham khao kinh nghiem nudc ngoai, nghien ciiu cu thi dac tfnh nhu ciu va cac ylu td dac trung cua khach hang tren tbi trudng^ Viet Nam dl thilt k l ra cac san phim bao hilm mdi phu hpp vdi khach hang ngi dia
bdi vi su am hieu ve thi trudng la mdt the manh cua cac doanh nghiep trong nudc. Dac biet la trong ITnh vyc bao hiem nhan thp, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam can dau tu nhieu ban vao khau phan phdi san pham, phat trien he thdng dai Iy va cham sdc khach hang de canh tranh tdt ban vdi cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai.
Thic ba, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam nen dau tu vao cdng tac dy bao thi trudng, phat trien cac loai hinh bao hilm phi nhan thp phu hgp vdi thdng le qudc tl, theo chuin quic te d cac loai hinh dich vy bao hilm truyin thing lan cac loai hinh dich vy mdi da triln khai tren the gidi de dap iing tdt nhu ciu cua cac nha diu tu, doanh nghiep nudc ngoai. Khi cac cam kit ciia Hiep dinh TPP cd hieu luc va AEC dat dugc cac thda thuan hgi nhap sau rgng hon, giao luu thuong mai va diu tu giiia Viet Nam va cac ddi tac se dugc tang cudng, tir do nhu cau ve dich vu bao hiem cita doanh nghiep nudc ngoai cd boat dgng kinh doanh cua Viet Nam se tang len dang ke. Vi vay, cdng tac dy bao va phat trien san pham phu hpp vdi tieu chuan qudc te se giiip doanh nghiep Viet Nam ddn dau xu hudng nay, tir do tiep can va dap iing nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai tdt ban.
Thit tu, cac doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam can nang cao tiem luc ciia minh ca ve tai
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NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHiNH TRj THt GIOI S6 5 (241) 2016JJgHyigJhJ Thu Ha - Nguyin Doan Chau Trinh Md ciia thi trudng bao hiem.
chfnh, nhan lyc va cdng nghe. Ben canb dd, cac doanh nghiep phai chu ddng xay dyng k l hoach md rdng, tham nhap thi trudng nudc ngoai thdng qua cac hinh thiic thanh lap van phdng dai dien, md chi nhanh, cdng ty con hoac mua lai cd phan cua cac cdng ty bao hilm d nudc ngoai trong pham vi cac cam kit hdi nhap.
Budc dau, cac doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam cd the chgn mpt hoac mpt vai thi trudng bao hiem trong cac nudc thanh vien TPP va khdi ASEAN cd miic do phat triln vl thi trudng dich vu bao hiem chua cao dl tham nhap trudc nhu Lao, Campuchia, Myanmar. Tir dd, cac doanh nghiep diic kit dugc kinh nghiem va xay dung chiln luge dai ban dl tham nhap cac thi trudng bao hiem cd miic do phat triln cao ban.
Culi cung, cac doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam nen chii trong dau tu iing dyng cdng nghe thdng tin vao boat ddng quan tri kinh doanh dl
tir dd tiet kiem chi phi quan Iy, tao dyng hinh anh doanh nghiep dich vy nang dpng, chuyen nghiep ban va dap irng kip thdi, nhanh chdng nhu cau da dang tir khach hang, tilp can vdi trinh do quan tri dich vu tien tien tren thi gidi.
Hiep dinh TPP va AEC vdi cac cam kit md cira thi trudng trong ITnh -vyc bao hilm la sy bd sung cac cam kit gia nhap WTO, tir dd mang den cho cac doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam cac ca hdi de md rgng thi trudng, phat triln san pham mdi ddng thdi ciing mang din cac thach thiic vdi ap lyc canh tranh gay git ban tir cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai. Diing trudc xu thi hgi nhap dd, cac doanh nghiep bao hilm Viet Nam can luu y dau tu cho cdng tac dy bao thi trudng. Cling cd thi phin hien cd, phat triln san pham mdi, cd ke hoach tham nhap thi trudng nudc ngoai va dau tu iing dyng cdng nghe thdng tin vao quan ly*
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint
2. Ban Cdng tac ve viec gia nhap WTO cua Viet Nam (2007): Biiu cam kit dich vu.
3. Hiep hpi Bao hiem Viet Nam (2015): Ting quan thi tru&ng bdo hiim Viit Nam ndm 2014.
4. Insurance Information Institute (2016): International Insurance Fact Book 2016.
5. Le Diic Lmh (2014): Cong nghi thong tin cho ngdnh bdo hiim, "cupc chai" ton kim, tinnhanbcbungkboan.vn.
6. Toan van ndi dung Hiep dinh TPP ban dich tai Thuvienphapluat.vn (2015).
NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHiNH TRj TH^ GIOI S6 5 (241) 2016-
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