Sli KIEN / BiNH LUAN
Thuy san
ncfi xufng de guTi gam niem tin
a TS. Thai Thanh DUdng
NGAY GIU'A KHONG KHI DAY BI QUAN KHI KINH TE THE GIOI B A T OAU ROI VAO VONG XOAY SUY THOAI NGHIEM TRONG TLT NAM 2008, DA CO NHU'NG DL/ BAO THUY SAN LA MOT TRONG
NHOTNG NGANH IT CHIU ANH HU'ONG TIEU CU'C VA SE SOM HOI PHUC NGAY KHI CON SUY THOAI DIU BOT. VA TINH HINH NGANH THUY SAN VIET NAM NAM 2011 DA MINH CHLTNG CHO NHAN DINH AY.
Sif hoi phuc nhanh chong Dy bao do da nhanh chdng thanh hi^n thyc, sau khi gia tri XK thuy san Vi^t Nam lan dau tien giam nh? ttr tren 4,5 ty USD
nam 2008 xuong 4,25 ty USD nam 2009, da lai tang nhanh trd lai, l^p ky luc mdi hon 5 ty USD nam 2010. Da tang trudng nay cdn tiep tuc manh me trong
6 THUONG MAI THOY SAN / S 6 144 / THANG 12/2011
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nam 2011 vdi gia tri XK thuy san nhieu kha nang vupt qua gia tri 6,0 ty USD.
Trong 9 thang dau nam 2011, tdng san lupng thuy san d^t 4,08 tri?u tan; trong do ska lupng thuy san khai thac dat 1,92 tri^u tan, tang 2,2% va san lupng thuy san nuoi trong 2,16 tri|u tan, tang 5,5% so vdi cimg ky nam 2010. So vdi cimg ky nam 2010, tdng san lupng thuy san tang xap xi 3,9% nhung gia tri san xuat thuy san (theo gia so sanh nam 1994, chi bao gom san xua't khai thac va nudi trong thuy san) tang tdi 5,2%, chiing td gia thuy san trong nam 2011 ciing tang kha nhanh theo miic tang a i a chi so lam phat.
Tdng gia tri XK thuy san 9 thang dat 4,345 ty USD, tang 23,9% so vdi cimg ky nam trudc.
N h i m g d i e m n o i bat
Cd nhiing diem rat can chii y trong sy tang trudng XK thuy san. Trudc he't, ngoai trir 2 nhdm mat hang nhd la nhuyen the hai manh vd (chie'm khoang 1,3% thi phan) va cua ghe (khoang 1,5%
thi phan), heu he't cac nhdm mat hang thuy san XK chinh deu tang 2 con sd^ trong dd gia tri XK ca tra (30,3% thi phan) tang tdi 29,4%, ca ngir (6,5% thi phan) tang 28,9%, va tdm (39% ihi phan) tang 18,5%.
Vdi gia tri XK 1,316 ty USD da dat dupc trong 9 thang dau nam, hoan toan du co sd de tin nam nay XK ca tra se lan dau tien vupt qua 1,5 ty USD.
Cdn nhd tinh trang gan n h u khung hoang ddi vdi nganh san
xua't tdm vao cuoi Qiiy I, dau Qiiy II nam nay, khi tdm sii nudi chet hang logt khdng rd nguyen T\han d nhieu dia phuang, nha't la d "trung tam nudi tdm cdng nghiep" Sdc Trang. It ngudi dam hy vpng gia tri XK tdm nam nay cd the dat den 2 ty USD. Nhung vdi doanh so 1,69 ty USD trong 9 thang dau nam, chac chan gia tri XK tdm nam nay se khdng dimg lgi d ky lyc 2,1 ty USD cua nam 2010.
Va tren nen nhimg ket qua an tupng ay, cang ndi bat mpt diem sang - XK tdm chan trang - vdi tdc dp tang trudng hem 68%
trong 3 quy dau nam, cd the dat de'n 600 trieu USD trong ca nam 2011, tuong duong khoang 45%
tdng khdi lupng va 30% td'ng gia tri XK tdm a i a ca nudc trong nam 2011. Hay nhd rang, 600 trieu USD la tong gia tri XK thuy san a i a ca nudc Viet Nam mdi each day 15 nam!
Diem dang chii y thii 2 la, gia tri NK thuy san tir Viet Nam a i a hau het cac thi trudng deu tang trudng d miic 2 con sd^
cao nha't la Trung Qud'c&Hdng Kdng (49,9%), cac nudc ASEAN (43,8%), Han Qud'c (36,9%), My (26,5%) hay EU (18,3%). Chi Nhat Ban cd miic tang khiem td'n (4,0%) va Tay Ban Nha giam nh?
(-1,7%).
Hon nira, d hau khap cac thi trudng va vdi cac mat hang, miic tang ve gia tri deu cao hon miic tang kho'i lupng san pham XK, nghia la gia ban san pham tang. Rieng mat hang ca tra, tiiy theo loai mat hang va thi trudng, trung binh gia ban san pham
trong QIII/2011 cao hon 20-30%
so vdi gia ban vao dau QI/2011.
Dieu nay cd the la thdng tin gay bat ngd cho mpt sd' ngudi, bdi cho de'n nay, dien bien kinh te'd cac thi trudng tieu thy chinh cua thuy san Vift Nam n h u Hoa Ky, EU deu van rat khd khan, tham chi ngay cang nhieu yeu to tieu cyc hon. Tuy nhien, dien bien tren chinh la bieu hi?n khach quan rd net a i a sy chuyen hudng nhu cau tieu dimg sang nhiing san pham cd miic gia trung binh va thap khi kinh te' khd khan hon.
Ddng thdi, ket qua tren ciing cd phan ddng gdp a i a ca tra Viet Nam khi da khang dinh dupc chd diing va tun dupc diing doi tupng khach hang a i a minh tren thi trudng the'gidi.
N h i n t u doanh n g h i e p
Theo mdt hudng khac, sy hdi phuc va tiep tuc tang trudng a i a nganh thuy san Viet Nam dupc chiing minh thdng qua ke't qua hoat dpng san xua't kinh doanh a i a cac DN thuy san, ma vi d y de tha'y nha't la nhdm hon 30 DN da niem yet tren san chiing khoan.
Theo bao cao tai chinh Qiiy III/2011, phan ldn DN thuy san deu cd ket qua hoat ddng san xua't kinh doanh tir kha trd len, dat hon 70% chi tieu ke hoach da de ra, trong dd khdng it DN da thyc hien gan du ke'hoach ca nam 2011. Dac biet, mdt sd DN n h u Cty CP Thuy san Me Kdng (AAM), Cty CP XNK Thuy san Ciru Long An Giang (ACL), Cty CP Gd Dang (AGD), Cty CP Vinh Hoan (VHC) va Cty CP thiic an
THUONG IVWI THJY SAN / S 6 144 / THANG 12/2011 7
SL/ KIEN / BiNH LUAN
chan nudi Vi?t Th^ng (VTF) da hoan thanh vupt miic ke hogch lpi nliuan cho c^ nam. AGD la cdng ty cd ket qu^ an tupng nhat khi dat lpi nhuan sau thue 100,12 ty ddng liiy ke trong 3 quy dau nam 2011, tang 76,6% so vdi ciing ky nam 2010, EPS 9 thang dat 8.344 ddng, vupt 122,5% chi tieu d^t ra cho ca nam. Dy kien, den het thang 10, sd DN hoan thanh chi tieu ca nam 2011 se tang len nhanh chdng.
Trong darUi sach VIOOO (Bang xep hang 1000 DN npp thue thu nhap DN nam 2011 nhieu nha't cua Viet Nam) vira cdng bd^ cd 11 DN hoat ddng trong ngarih thuy san, trong do 7 DN da niem yet la ABT, ANV, HLG, HVG, MPC,
VHC. Dd 1^ chua ke mpt so tgp do^n va cdng ty m^ mang hoat dpng lien quan den thiiy san cd ddng gdp ldn trong doanh thu, lpi nhugn v^ thue, nhu Cty CP Tgp dotin Hoang Long hay Cdng ty TNHH Dau tu Phat trien San xua't Ha Long. Ket qu^ hogt dpng s^n xuat kinh doanh tot ding la dieu ki#n de cac DN thiiy san dam b^o diing miic tr^ cd tiic cho CO ddng nhu dgi hpi cd ddng da xac dinh.
Nhan dip ky ni?m Ngay Doanh nhan Vi?t Nam (13/10/2011), trong 200 DN dupc vinh danh Sao Vang Dat Vi#t nam 2011, cd 7 hpi vien aia Hiep hpi Che'bien Xuat khau Thuy san Viet Nam (VASEP), gom Vinh
Hoan, Binh An, Hiing Ca, Qud'c Vi#t, Au Virng, Thuy san Cim Long va Thuy san Nam Can.
Cung trong dip 6.6, ngudi diing dau mpt DN thuy san ldn trong nudc - dng Le Van Quang, Chit tich kiem TGD Cdng ty CP Tap doan Thiiy san Minh Phu (ma MPC) - ciing dupc binh chpn la mpt trong 5 ngudi dupc trao Giai thudng "Eamst
& Young - Ban Iinh doanh nhan lap nghifp", lan dau tien dupc td chiic tai Viet Nam.
Mpt so chi tiet rat tich cue khac can dupc nhan mgnh, do la bao cao tai chinh aia cac DN cho thay rd, nhumg DN cd ket qua san xua't kinh doanh cao chu yeu la nhiing don vi tap trung hoat
l i u " "
8 THUONG MAI THtlY SAN / S6 144 / THANG 12/2011
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ddng vao nganh san xua't chirvh, khdng dau t u phan tan de giam chi phi tai chinh, chii trpng tgo the' chu dpng ve nguyen lifu va tich cyc chuyen hudng san xua't cac mat hang gia tri gia tang de md rdng thi trudng, tang ty suat lpi nhuan va giam tieu hao nguyen lifu.
Dac bift, nhieu cdng ty san xua't ca tra n h u AGD, VHC, ACL, IDL HVG, ...thu dupc lpi nhuan ldn tir khau nudi ca. Ddi vdi hau het DN thuy san, hogt dpng tai chinh va thu nhgp khac chi ddng gdp ty If khdng dang ke trong tdng doanh thu. Cac DN mdi thyc hifn tang vd'n n h u VHC, ACL, IDI, v.v... deu sir dung ngudn vdh mdi huy ddng dimg myc dich dau tu va sdm mang lai hieu qua rd ret.
Thach thiic va trien v o n g DT nhien, cung gid'ng n h u mpi nganh san xua't kinh doanh khac va trong nhiing thdi gian khac, cd DN lam an cd lai va cd DN tha't bgi. Nhin vao bao cao cua cac DN thua Id n h u Cty CP Basa (BAS) hay Cadovimex (CAD), cd the thay nguyen nhan thua Id nam d dau do trong nhiing linh vyc hogt ddng khac, khi chi phi tai chinh, trong do chu yeu la lai vay, chie'm ty le len tdi 20-25%
tdng doanh thu. Ngoai ra, trong trudng hpp a i a BAS - don vi da xay dyng ke' hogch lpi nhuan am - gia vdh hang ban cdn cao hem doanh thu, nghia la DN da Id ngay khi ban hang. Ciing cd DN gap khd khan, nhung de'n tir nhiing phia khac khdng thyc sy lien quan de'n hogt ddng san xual
kinh doanh, nhu trudng hpp cua Camimex (CMX).
Trong quy IV, thdi tiet da xua't hifn mpt so yeu to khdng thugn lpi cho san xuat thuy sAn nhu bao d mien Trung, lii ldn d DBSCL, mua keo dai, trieu cudng va anh hudng gid miia. Ve phia thi trudng, khac vdi cac nam trudc, nhu cau mua hang cho dip tieu thy cudi nam nay bat dau hg nhift sdm hem, bao hifu siic mua d Nhgt va chau Au cd the thap hon do nhirng bat dn ve kinh te' va chinh tri. Udc tinh gia tri xua't khau 3 thang cudi nam se giam dan so vdi nhimg thang trudc do, thgm chi cd the dgt thap hem cimg ky nam trudc. Gia tri XK tang chgm lgi liic nay ciing cd the cdn do cac DN chd dpi nhirng co hdi ban hang vdi gia tdt hon vao thdi gian tdi.
Mdt thach thiic nira doi vdi cac DN thuy san la tinh trgng thie'u hut nguyen lieu, ke ca tdm, ca tra va hai san deu tie'p tuc keo dai. Gia san pham XK vao cudi nam khdng giam, nhung gia nguyen lieu ciing van diing d miic cao va cd the cdn len, vi vgy, cac DN chi u u tien ky nhimg dem hang ngan vdi sd'lupng vira phai de bao dam kha nang giao hang va lpi nhuan. Nhieu DN da gap khd khan tim ngudn hang d y trii cho miia tieu thy dau nam mdi.
Tuy nhien, trong cai khd ciing cd cai thuan. Trudc het, viec ty gia USD/VND dupc dieu chinh theo chieu hudng tang la mdt dieu kifn td't cho cac DN XK nang cao ty If lpi nhuan. Trong khi dd, lai suat tin dung bang VND dang dupc dieu chinh hg dan.
tuy chua nhieu nhu mong dpi.
Ve phia thi trudng. My dang cd dau hifu khdi sac, khi thong ke miic tieu thy ban le thang 10 tie'p tuc tang, mpt so chi tieu ve tieu thu nha d va san xua't, dich vy ciing tang. Nhu cau tieu thy d mpt so thi trudng khac tdt, nhu Trung Qud'c & Hdng Kdng, cac nudc khu vyc Tnmg Ddng, va ngay ca thi trudng truyen thd'ng Nhat Ban.
Ye'u td' thugn lpi cudi cimg lai chinh do sy chu ddng ciia chinh cac DN va ngudi san xuat thuy san Vift Nam tgo ra. Mdt nam trudc, ca tra Vift Nam timg gay xdn xao d u lugn the'gidi do WWF mpt so' nudc chau Au cho rang phat trien khdng ben viing va dua vao danh sach do, khuyen nghi ngudi tieu diing dimg mua.
Thi nay, chinh ca tra da tie'p budc ngheu Be'n Tre trd thanh nhan td' di dau trong viec ap dung cac tieu chuan san xua't ben viing qud'c te' n h u GlobalG.A.P hay ASC. Sau ca tra, nhung san pham khac nhu tdm, ca ngir, v.v... ciing da san sang. Va nay lai la liic chinh cac td chiic chiing nhan qud'c te'phai tang tdc de kip dua ra thi trudng nhiing san pham ca tra cd chiing nhgn ben virng theo ddi hdi a i a khach hang.
Trudc nhimg dien bie'n trong qua khii, hifn tai va d y bao tuemg lai, cd the khang dinh, dii cd khdng it sdng gid, nhung khdng nghi ngd gi niia, san xua't kinh doanh thuy san chinh la noi xiing de cac nha dau tu giri gam niem tin. •
T.T.D.
THUONG MAI THUY SAN / SO 144 / THANG 12/2011 9
