® GWO DUC NU0C NGOAI
TIM HIEU VE TH^ NGHIEM CHUUNG TRINH GIAO DUG P H A T H O N G
d MOT SO NUOC TREN THE Gidl
PGS.TS.LEVANANH nen Khoa hoc Gido due viei Nam I.Datvlnde
ChUdng trinh giao due pho thdng (CTGDPT) vd sich giio khoa (SGK) hien hanh ddpe xay dung, bien soan v i thue hiln tren pham vi toan qudc td nam hpc 2002 - 2003 den nay [1]. Chddng trinh (CT), SGK hiln hanh cd bude tien rd ret, gdp phan timg budc dot mdi sdnghidp giio due (GD) v i dip dng dupe yeu d u phit trien cda ddt nddc Tuy nhien, CT v i SGK hien hinh cdn bde Id mdt so han chi: Cllda dap Ung sU phdt trien nhanh chdng eda khoa hoc-cdng nghi, khoa hpc GD, xu t h l ddi mdi eda CTGDPT tren t h l gidi vd nhifng ddi hdi yeu d u hdi nhdp qudc te; chua dip dng yiu cau phdt triln ngudn nhdn lue chat lUpng cao hidn nay.
Nghj quylt sd 29-NQ/TW ngiy 04 thing 11 nim 2013 tai Hdi nghj lan thd 8 Ban Chap hinh Trung Udng Ding (khoa XI) v l Ddi mdi can bin va toan dien GD va ddo tao xde djnh: "Chuyen nin GD chd trpng muc tiiu truyin thu kiin thUe mdt chieu hiin nay sang nen GD chu trong hinh thdnh, phdt trien todn diin ndng lUe vd phdm ehdt ngUdi hpe...; hodn thiin hi thong GD theo hUdng md, linh hogt, ddp Ung nhu cdu hoe tap sudt ddi cua ngudi ddn vd yiu cdu xdy dung xd hdi hoc tdp". Nghj quyet so 88/2014/QH13 cOa Qudc hdi khda XIII v l Ddi mdi CT, SGK GD phd thdng nhdm bio dim ddng bp cic dieu kien v l dpi ngu nhi gido, edn bd qudn If (CBQL) GD, ed sd vit chat de thUc hien ddi mdi CT, SGK GD phd thdng, De i n 404 do Thd tudng Chinh phd phi duyet ngiy 27/3/2015 ve Odi mdi CT SGK GD phd thdng da dUdc phd duydt.
De dim bao CT va SGK mdi dap dng nhCTng yeu eau dit ra, vile thd nghiem CT, SGK mdi dupc xac djnh l i nhiem vy quan trpng, ein thilt trong qua trinh thdc hien CT, biln soan SGK sdp tdl. Di xiy dUng k l hoach thd nghilm CT v i SGK dat hieu qua, ehung ta can tim hilu v l thd nghiem CT GDPT d mpt sd qudc gia tren the gidi va coi ddy Id dilu kien quan trong, mdt y l u d u tdt ylu trong qua trinh phat trien CTGDPT.
2. Kinh nghiem cua mpt sdqudc gia trin thigldi v l thit nghiem chUdng trlnh giio due phd thdng
Viectrien khai thdnghiemCTGDPTtai mdt sdqudc gia trin the gidi dupc xay dUng chi tiet v l muc tiiu, nfli dung, cdch thdc tiln hinh va phUdng phip dinh gid (DG).
2.1. Vi muc tiiu thd nghiem 2.1.1. Cdc quoc gia ehdu A a) Trung Qudc
Mue tieu thd nghiem nhim: Xac djnh mdc dp khi thi, thue day viec hoan thidn cda phdong i n CT mdi vd chuan CT cde mdn hpc do Bfl GD xdy dUng; Xae djnh tinh khoa hpc, tfnh thiet thuc khd thi cda t i i iieu day hoc (DH); Tlm bidn phip v i phUcfng thdc thue hidn, dong gdp kinh nghiem thdc tien cho viec pho biln rpng rdi CT mdi.
b) Hin Quoc
Thd nghiem nhSm xie djnh tinh khoa hoc tfnh thiet thue va khd thi cda CT va tai Mdu DH, mdc dd tinli hoat phu hop eda CT vdi mue tidu GD.
212. Cdc quoc gia ehdu Au a) Phan Lan
Mue tieu thd nghilm nhim: Cd nhdng dieu ehinh dim bao tinh thdng nhit, dap dng eic dilu ktdn, nhu cdu cua nha trddng v i ddi tddng hoc sinh (HS);Tang cddng eic hoat ddng nhim tao sd hilu bilt, ddng thudn eda xa hpi, sd ung hd eCta d c cdp, nginh, dia phddng eung vdi cae cd ehl phoi hpp; Cd su ddng bd gida ddi mdi a v i chuan b; cac ifilu kidn dim bio (doi ngu CBQL, giao vien (GV), cd sd vat ehdt, phuong thdc thl, DG).
b) Cdng hda Phdp
Mue tieu thCt nghiem nhdm: Xie dinh tfnh khi thi, sU phu hop cda CT; Thu thdp y kien GV DG v l CT dU thao; OG nhu d u tdi lidu vd nhdng ydu d u trp giup eda GV;Thao luin ve nhCfng dnh hudng ddi vdi each thUe DG HS, nhat l i cac kl thl.
Viec OG va dieu chinh CT dupe thUe hiln hoan toin tren vin bin, thdng qua tham vin, lly il kien. Viee tham van rong rdi y kiln eda GV tren toin qudc eho thay tinh khi thi cdaCT.
2.1.3. Mdt sdqudc gia khdc
& Uc thd nghiem CT xie ^ n h tinh khoa hoc sU phd hop vd khi thi cua CT v i t i l lieu dddc xiy ddng. Trong qui trinh xay ddng vd phat triln, CT ludn ddpe rut kinh nghiem, dilu chinh, bd sung thong qua viec xin ^ kien eda eic nhi khoa hpc GV, CBQL, HS v i cdng ddng xa hoi.
2.2. Vi ndi dung thijf nghiim 2.2.1. Cdc quoc gia ehdu A a)TrungQudc
Ndi dung thd nghilm dupc tiln hdnh vl:Tinh hdp II, can ddi gida eae ITnh vUe hpc tip, eic mdn hpc, module va hoat dpng thUe tien; PhUdng thdc quin li (QL) CT; SU hap If v l quy mo HS theo yeu cau eua CT mdi; PhUdng thUe thi vi DG kit qui hpc t i p cda HS.
b) Hin Qudc
Ndi dung thd nghiem bao gdm: Chpn nhdng mdn hpe cd nhieu thay ddi d l thd nghidm; Chpn mdt sd ndi dung hpe mdi vd khd trong nhdng mon hpc da chpn de thd nghidm;
Vile thd nghilm cic ndi dung dupc tlln hinh ddng thdi d 3 d p hpe, phin thanh eic giai doan thd nghiem d cic Idp dau va cudi moi d p . Tdng thdi gian thd nghiem: 3-5 nim.
2.2.2. Mdt so quoc gia ehdu Au a) Phan Lan
Npi dung thd nghiem bao gdm: Mye tidu can dat cda CT da de ra; Cic npi dung cdt Idl eda cic mdn hoe khde nhau, cae nguyin tdc DG HS, cic hinh thUe GD die biet, sp phit trien cda HS va hudng dan GD phd hpp vdi su phit triln tam sinh If cda HS.
b) Cong hoa Phap
Npi dung thd nghiem dUdc tnln khai vi- - f u tudng xay dung CT: Tfnh hpp If, su phd hc^ vdi muc tieu, phu hpp vdi die trUng mfln hoc, su rd ring trong quan diem xay dung CT;
- Chpn Ida, td chdc phat trien ndi dung: TInh khoa hoe su hpp If cda mach phdt trien, mUe dd npi dung nang ntie' mdc dp phd hpp vdt mue tieu, sUddng bd doc (gi(Ja cac ldp'
58 • CBUODI
GIAO DUC NUfiC N G O A I ® de dp,...), ddng bd ngang (vdi d e mdn hpc khac);
- Cde yeu d u d n dat eda CT: Tfnh lihd thl, phu hpp dieu kien thuc t l ;
- Cich thUe diln dat, trinh biy;
- Quan hd v i anh hUdng tdi DG ket qud hoe tap, thi cd.
22.3. Mdt sdqudc gia khdc a)Oc
Vile thd nghifm dupe thue hien theo cae ndi dung sau: Chpn nhOrig mfln hoe cd nhilu thay ddi de thd nghiem;
Chpn mpt sd ndi dung hpe mdi trong nhCTng mdn hoe dd chpn d l thd nghidm; Thd nghiem ddng thdi 3 d p hpc v i phin thdnh d e giai doan (Giai doan thd nghilm d c idp dlu va cudi mdi dp).
ACARA la cd quan dde trach v l giio trinh, khio hach vi bdo edo eda Uc, chju trdeh nhidm bien soan giio trinh toan qudc nhSm thdc day vd thd thich HS Uc. ACARA lim vide vdi cdc nhi QL GD, ho trp k l hoach thUe hien thong qua viec eung d p t i l lieu hudng din, thdng tin gidi thilu v i tao dilu kidn thuin Ipi cho viec hoach djnh tren todn qudc.
ACARA thyc hien thd nghiem 6 cac trUdng, thu thip mau, td chdc MocaoviDGaCDPTtai Cic
b)Mi
Npi dung thd nghiem duac tiln hanh v l : Chpn nhdng mdn hpc cd nhilu thay doi d l thd nghiem; Chpn mpt sd ndi dung hpe mdi trong nhCfng mdn hpe da chpn de thd .nghidm; Thd nghidm dong thcfi d ede d p hpc vd eung phdn thinh eic giai doan (thd nghiem ede Id^ diu va tdp cudi d moi d p hoe).
2,3. Vicdeh thuTc tiin hdnh thit nghiim 2.3.1. Cde qudc gia ehdu A a) Trung Qudc
- Cdc tinh/trddng tp nguydn dang kf tham gia thd nghiem CT mdi dn:Tuin thd nguyen tac Nha nUde chf dao, dja phuong lam ehCt;tang cUifng d c dieu kien ddm bdo cho cdng tdc thd nghidm. Trong qui trinh thd nghiem, cdc eo quan QL GD phii thay ddi tie phong v i phUOng thdc lim vile lay nhd trudng lim eo sd thd nghidm, hinh thanh ca ehe phit hidn, nghiln cdu, giii quyet van de ngay tai d p trudng, giup nhi trUdng xiy dung ehe dp QL trddng hpe phd hpp vdi CT SGK mdi. Tdng kit klnh nghilm nhim phit huy vai trd cdt ein, lam mau trong vide triln khai CT mdi trdn pham vl rpng hdn.
Ddi vdi cic tinh chua dd dieu kien tham gia thd nghiem, phdi tuyln truyen rdng rii, to chdc cho CBQL GD, cin bd nghien cUu GD, hilu trUdng, GV nghidn cdu, hpc tdp, hilu bilt sdu sdc v l CT va cdc yeu d u edn dat cda CT mdi; chd)? theo doi tien dd va kit qud thd nghidm cda eae ttnh dang thd nghilm. Can eU vdo quy hoach thd nghiem da Bd GD, kit hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te eda dia phuong nghien cdu thdi gian v i cdng viec thd nghiem CT mdi tai dja phuang minh, lim tdt cdng tie dinh hudng dU luin, dao tgo, bdi dudng GV, chuan bi cac dilu kidn ddm bio,...
b) Hin Qudc
Thd nghiem CT bang cdch to chdc bidn soan SGK thd nghiem - nhdn phin hdi cda tie gii sich vd GV, theo dien h?p: DH theo CT mdi d mdt so trUdng cho 3 d p hpc nhan phdn hdi eda tie gii SGK, GV, CBQL, HS, phy huynh v i cuoi ajng Id thd nghilm md rdng. Cu t h l DH CT mdi theo cac dia bin da ehpn v i nhin phin hoi eda tic gii SGK, GV, CBQL, HS, phu huynh, cdng luan.
2.3.2. Cdc qudc gia ehdu Au a) Phin Lan
Vile thd nghilm CT Ii md v i rd ring ddi vdi xd hoi.
Qud trinh triln khai thd nghiem dUOe xie djnh rd ring v l mye dich, ndi dung, thdi gian, dia i^lm thd nghiem. Qui trinh ndy dupc thu thip, xem xet v i DG ki ludng.
b) Cdng hda Phip
CT GD du thdo dupc dang t i l trdn website. Ba kenh chfnh tap hpp y kiln: Cae gdp y trde tiep gdi qua mail eho Bd GD; Cde Sd GD, thanh tra GD dja phddng td chdc lay y kiln va tdng hpp, Tdng vu GDPT tdng hpp, Tdng vy Thanh tra GD gdi y kiln; Cic nghiep dodn, hilp hdi td chdc lay y kiln, tdng hdp. Hinh thdc lay ^ kiln cd the Id philu hdi, toa dim true tilp, thio tudn trin diln ddn online...
2.3.3. Qudc gia khdc a)Uc
Vile thd nghidm tap trung vio thd nghiem CT theo d e hinh thdc Td ehde hpi thio d p qudc gia, thd nghiem tai cde co sd GD. Nhi nude Ue khdng chd trUong bien soan SGK. GV cd toan quyln td chon SGK d l tien hinh DH.
b)MT
Phuong phap thd nghilm CT duoe tiln hdnh td to chUe biln soan SGK thif nghidm, nhin phdn hdi cda tic gid sach v i GV. Tiep theo Id ThU nghiim CT theo diin hep:
DH theo CT GD mdi d khodng 30 trUdtig cho 3 d p v i nhan phin hdi eda tde gid SGK, GV, CBQL, HS, phy huynh. Budc cudi l i thd nghiem CT mdrdng ti DH theo CTGD mdi d cdc dia bin d i chpn vd nhdn phin hoi cua tac gii SGK, GV, CBQL, HS, eha me HS, cong ludn.
2.4. LA trinh vdpham vithuTnghiem 2.4.1. Cdc gudc gia ehdu A a) Trung Quoc
Chia thinh d c giai doan vd xde djnh pham vi thd nghiem. Vf du: Vide thd nghilm CT Trung hpc phd thdng mdi (2006) dupe chia lim bdn glal doan:
Giaidogn 1: Bat dlu td mua thu nam 2004 tai d c tfnh Quing Ddng, Son Ddng, Hii Nam, Ninh Ha. Sd HS dau d p tham gia thd nghiem chiem 13% tdng sd HS dlu d p eua todn qudc;
Giai doan 2: TU ndm 2005, tdng epng ed 8 - 10 tinh tham gia. Sd HS dau cdp tham gia thif nghilm chiem 25% - 30% tdng sd HS dau d p eua toin qudc;
Giai doan 3: Td nim 2006, tdng cdng cd 15 - 18 tinh tham gia. Sd HS dau cap tham gia thUe nghidm chilm 50%
- 60% tdng sd HS dau d p cda toin qudc;
Glal doan 4: Td nim 2007, trien khai thue hien CT mdi doi vdi toan bd sd HS dau d p trdn ei nUde.
b) Han Qudc
Thd nghidm CT ddng thdi d ei 3 cap hpc, ed phan thinh cde glai doan nhU: Giai doan thd nghiem cac ldp dau eda mdi d p , giai doan thdnghlem eic Idp cudi cda mdi d p . Tong thdi gian thd nghiem td3-5 nam. Han Qudc Uu tiln lUa ehpn vdng khd khan lim dia bin thd nghiem. Moi trUcmg chi thd nghilm mpt d p hoac moi trudng thd nghiem ed 2 d p Trung hpe ea sd v i Trung hpc phd thong. Chpn nhdng mdn hoc ed nhilu thay ddi vd mpt sd ndi dung hpe mdi, khd trong nhCfng mdn hoe da chon de thd nghiem.
2.4.2. Mdt sd gudc gia ehdu Au
d Cong hda Phip, nhO'ng thUe nghiem d tim qudc gia do Bp GD hoac cua mdt hiep hdi nghi nghiep hay ehuydn mon, vien hin lim thdc hiln; Nhdng thuc nghiem d tdm mdc dia phuong do eic Sd GD tiln hanh; NhOng thuc nghiem d cde cd sd ddo tao do mdt hay mot nhdm GV tien hdnh. Cde thue nghiem nay hoan toan dtia trdn sU tu nguyen tham gia eda ed sd GD,
2.4.3. Quoc gia khdc
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® GlAODUCNUaCNGOAl
Qui trinh xdy ddng CT ludn cd sd tuyen tnjyin, pho biln rdng rdi qua cie hdi thdo thudng nien va tang cdcmg tfnh kit noi vdi cae nha trUdng bang viee thd nghiem CT (khodng 50 trudng).
b)Ml
Viec thd nghiem dupe phin thinh ede giai doan: Giai doan thd nghilm ede Idp dau cda moi d p , giai doan thd nghiem d e ldp cudi cda moi d p . Thdi gian thd nghilm: Thd nghilm hep khodng 1 nam, thd nghiem md rdng khodng 2 nim, tdng kit vd DG khodng 1 nam.
2.5. Vi dinh gid thCf nghiim 2.5.1. Cdc quoc gia ehdu A a) Trung Qudc
Muc dich cda DG td lam ndi bit chdc ndng phat trien va khfch 1^, col trpng £)G tilm ndng hpc tap eua HS nham thdc ddy viee hpc tip, phit trien toin dien cho HS, tao moi trudng thuan lal trong GD HS.
Ddi tupng cCta viec OG CT bao gdm DG vide thilt kl, thdc hien v i ket qud thUc hien CT,... Ngodi ra, DG tac ddng eda CT doi vdi cae ddi tdong tham gia vao viee thuc hien CT v i DG kit qui cda hoat ddng thuc hien CT.
Chd the DG CT thd nghiem bao gom sdtham gia ti'ch cue td HS, GV, eha me HS v i edng ddng x i hdi.
PhUdng phap DG CT thd nghiem bao gdm; Chuyen tU DG tdng kit sang OG phat trien, thUe hien OG nhieu lan,bat ki, theo gdi hd so; chuyin tdDG ^nh tupng phat trien thanh OG kit hdp dinh lUdng v i dinh tinh; chuyin idOG tdOng ddi phit trien thdnh DG khde biet trong mdi ed nhdn; ehuyin til DG tuylt doi phit trien thanh DG khac biet Viec ap dyng tidu eliuln v i phuong phap DG khic nhau nham ttide day moi HS dlu phdt triln day dd d'vting phit triln gan nhit".
He thdng tieu chf DG duoe xay ddng bao gdm:
+ Bdi cinh, muc tieu, nguyen tac xdy diing CT, eau true ndi dung, tinh khd thi eda CX. Ddng thdi OG CT tap trung vio OG CT tdng the, CT mdn hpe va tai tilu DH.
+Tllu chiDG qui trinh thiic hien CTtdp trung chd ylu vio vile DH eda GV.
+ Tieu ehf OG "dau ra" eda CT, bao gdm: DG sU phit triln nang lUe cda HS, OG vide phat trien ehuydn mdn, nghilp vu sU pham cua GV va DG hieu QL cda nha trudng.
b) Han Qudc
- Chii the OG bao gdm: CBQL GD d tinh, huyIn, hieu trudng trUdng hpcGV, HS, dai dien phu huynh HS, dai didn Hdi ddng GD qudc gia.
- Cd 3 loai tieu chf DG CT GD: Cau trde dp linh hoat va kit qud hpe tap cda HS.
Cic tllu chi v l d u true can lam rd: Mye tieu CT phii t h l hiln diy dd trilt If GD; d c thanh td npi dung CT t h l hiln day dd nhCfng ndng lUe d n cd cda HS; he thdng ede mdn hoc va hoat dong GD phd hpp vdi viec hinh thanh cae ndng lUc; npi dung hpc tap can thiet, tao hUng thd v i thiet thdc vdi ngUdi hoc phUdng phap DH phu hpp vdi mye tilu CT; phUdng thdc DG kit qud hpe tap phu hpp vdi mue tieu CT; cic dieu kien ve ed sd vat ehdt thiet bi eda trudng hpe dip Ung vdi npi dung hpe t i p va phUdng phap OH; trinh dp cda hieu trudng, GV dip dng vdi ndi dung hpe tap va chien lupc DH. Cong eu DG Id: Philu phdng vdn, bing hdi, philu quan sdt..
Cac tilu ehi v l do linh hoat can Idm rd: SU t h l hien mue tieu eda CT GD quoc gia tai cac nhi trudng; nhdng npi dung hpc tip eda CTGD qudc gia; chiln lupc DH neu trong CTGD qudc gia phit hpp vdi GV va cic dieu kien ed sd vdt
chat d eic tnidng; CT khung qudc gia ddy dd chi d§n de CBQL cde tinh, huyIn vd hieu trddng thilt k l CT nhd trddng.
Cdng cy DG td: Phieu phdng vin, bing hdi, philu quan s i t Cdc tieu chi v l kit qud hpc tdp eua HS phii phin dnh:
Kit qui hpc t i p eda HS d i t h l hien nhdng ning Ipe cdt 161 neu trong CTGD; kit qud hpe t i p dd xde djnh ddpe nhdng thinh tfch vd han ehe; kit qud hpe t i p cda HS dd eung d p nhCfng thdng tin d l dilu chinh CT GD; phuong thdc DG kit qud cd khd thu Cdng cu OG l i : Phieu phdng vin, bdng hdi, eic bai kiem tra v l l t cac bdi kilm tra vdn dip, hd so thinh tfeh hpe tap eua HS.
2.5.2^ Cdc quoc gia ehdu Au a) Phan Lan
Viec xdy ddng mdi tiuisng hpe tdp thin thien vdi HS dupc quan t i m . HS khdng bi gdy sdc Ip, to ldng. GV gin giii, gidp dd HS hpc tip. Tilp cin DH theo quan dilm kiln tao xi hpi dupc quan l i m giup vide day cda GV vd hpe eda HS dddc thdc hien hieu qui.
Viec DG kit qui hpc tdp eua HS t i p trung vdo muc dfch ho trp, hudng dan qui trinh hpe tdp, giup HS nhdn thdc bin thdn vd phit triln dUdc phdt triln theo ning lUc
Den idp 6, kit qud hpc t i p cda HS khdng d n luu diem.
Trong thUe t l , thudng td ldp 4/5 bdt diu cho dilm. GV tU xay dung bii kiem tra, td chdc kilm tra vd ghi dilm. Vide HS tu DG dupe quan tdm va chu y.
Su tien bfl trong hpc tdp cda HS dUdc ghi trong hd so cudi mdi nam, gdm; Hanh kiem; viee thUe hiln nhilm vu hpc t i p d nhi trddng; kiln thdc v i ki nang, sU tiln bd trong hoc tap ede mdn hoe.
b) Cdng hda Phip
\^ee OG SGK ddpe giao cho cic GV true tilp ddng ldp thdng qua vide hp c6 toin quyln lUa ehpn SGK eho HS. Cie mdn ktiic nhau cd the chpn nhCfng bp sich khic nhau.
Trong cung mdt mdn, d nhCfng ldp khde nhau, ed t h l chpn SGK eda nhdng bd khdc nhau cho HS. Bin thdn GV thudng sd dung phdi hpp nhieu SGK, tU lidu trong qud trinh DH.
2.5.3. Qudc gia khdc
d Oe, ACARA se hpp tic giim s i t cdng tde, cung d p dd tilu lien quan vdi cic nhi QL trUdng hoe, CT vting tinh thd v i bang. ACARA xdy ddng khung giim sit, gdm c i cau hdi nghiln cdu v i thu th|p dd lieu lidn quan. Cde nhi QL GD d p bang/vung Idnh thd sd dung chdng nhd mdt phin trong ehiln lupc giim sit rilng nhim hd trp qud trinh thu thap v i cung d p dd lieu CT d l bio cio tin ACARA. Quy trinh OG cd t h l ddn tdl mdt sd thay ddi hoic chfnh sda CT sau khi cd kit qui chinh thUc.
3. Ket luan
Qua tim hieu viec thd nghidm CT vd SGK tai mdt sd nudc ve cic linh vdc trdn, rut ra mdt sd nhdn xlt ctiung nhd sau:
Muc tieu thd nghiem dlu gdp phdn xie djnh mdc dd khi thi, tfnh khoa hoe, tfnh thilt thdc cdc phddng thdc thUe hien CT gidp thdc day viee hodn ttii?n ydu d u d n dat cda CT tdng the, CT d e mdn hoe v i tdi lidu DH do Bd GD xay ddng nhSm phd biln rdng rii CT mdi tren c i nddc
Ve npi dung thd nghilm, d c qudc gia tlln hinh thif nghiem v l tinh hdp If, su cin ddi gida ede ITnh vUe hpc tdp, eae mdn hpc module va boat dpng thuc tien; thd nghilrti v l ve phuong thdc QL CT, phUdng thdc thi vd OG kit qud hpe tap eda HS. Mdt sd qudc gia ehl thd nghiem d nhdng mdn hpe ed nhieu thay doi v l ndi dung, ehpn m^t sd ndi dung mdi va khd de thd nghidm. Vdi d c h lim niy, se tilt kiem ddpe thcri gian vd hieu qud kinh te trong qui trinh trien khai CT mdi.
60*iaKMHpCGlAODUC
^ GlAO DUC NUOC NGOAI ® VI each thdc tiln hinh thd nghiem, khuyin khfch v i
cd hudng din cu t h l ddi vdi cdc tinh/trUdng tu nguyin ding kf tham gia thd nghidm CT mdi. Tudn thd nguyen tdc Nhd nude ehf dao, dia phddng lim chd; tang cUdng cicdilu kien dim bdo cho edng tde thd nghilm. Hdn nCfa, phdi tiln hanh tuyen truyin rpng rii, td chdc eho CBQL GD, cin bd nghiln edu GD, hilu trudng, GV nghien cdu, hpc tdp, hieu bllt sdu sde v l CT va cdc ylu cdu d n dat eda CT mdi; theo ddi t i l n dd v i kit qui thd nghiem cda cie tinh dang thd nghidm; tam tot edng tde djnh hddng du luan, dio tao, bdi dudng GV, chuIn bj d c dilu kiln dim bio eho thd nghiem.
V l 16 trinh v i pham vi thd nghiem, da sd eic nddc deu ehia thinh ede giai doan vd xde dtnh pham vi thd nghidm.
Vide thd nghilm dupc du tidn d eic vung khd khan, vung sdu, vdng xa, nai dia ban khdng thuin Ipi. Thd nghidm thddng dupc tiln hdnh d cic ldp diu vd cudi mdi d p . Thdi gian thd nghiem td 3 den 5 ndm.
V l DG tlid nghidm thudng OG vide lap CT, thUe hiln CT vd kit qui thUe hien CT. Cic thdnh t6 thude d u trde CT (muc tieu, nguyen tde xdy dUng CT, npi dung) va cic ddt tuong tham gia (GV, HS, nhi trUdng) phdi ddpe DG tdng t h l . Chu y tdi OG ket qui ho^t ddng v i sU phat tnln ning tue cda HS trong qud trinh thd nghilm l i mdt giai doan quan trong trong qua trinh thuc hi^n CT GD. Cde tidu ehf DG phdi dupe xem Id yeu td quan trpng nhit tham gia vio qui trinh OG CT. Cae phuong phip DG chuong trinh chd ylu l i quan sat, phdng vin, philu hdi vd trie nghiem.
Viec tim hieu ede thdng tin ve xdy dUng CTGDPT cda cde nUde ed nln GD phit triln eao va cdc nUde tuong dong vdi Vilt Nam la mdt ylu d u t i l ylu trong qud trinh phdt trien tTTGDPT cda Viet Nam. Cd nhU viy, CT mdi se dip Ung duac ede yeu eau theo hUdng d% manh GD loin diln, tao ra nhilu sti Ida chon v l npi dung hpe tap cho HS, bien qui trinh DH thinh qui trinh tU hpc cda HS ed hudng dan vd ho trp toi uu cda GV, ting cUdng cie hoat
llllllllllllMlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
dpng xa hdi eda HS nhSm xay dung nln hpc vin phd thdng Cd bin, vdng chdc phit triln nang lue ed nhdn, phu hpp vdi dieu kien hpc tap cda HS moi vdng miln, dip dng yeu edu cda x i hdi hien dai trong qui trinh hpi nhap qudc te.
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
[1]. Qudc hdi, Nghj guyit sd 40/2000/QHlO ngdy 09 thdng 12 nam 2000 ve Doi mdi chuang trlnh gido due ph6 thdng.
[2]. Kinh nghiim qudc tevephdt trien chuang trinh gido due phi thdng, (2011), NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Hi Ndi.
[3]. PGS.TS. Nguyin Thj Hanh (Chu nhiem d l tii). Bio cio tdng kit d l t i i d p Bd Xu thiphdttrien gido due cua mpt so nude tren thi gidi, ma sd B2009-37-76.
[4]. Bill Ode Thiep, (4/2012), Thd nghiim vd ddnh gid chuang trinh gido due phd thdng d Trung Qudc, Bio eao Hdi thdo.
IS]. Oio Vin Toin, (4/2012), Kinh nghiem thUnghlim, ddnh gid chuang trinh vd sdeh gido khoa pho thdng cua Cdng hda Phdp, Bio cio Hoi thio
SUMMARY
Learning experience about pilot implementing general curriculum in several countries around the world in terms of their objectives, contents, ways to carry-out and assessment methods Is a vital requirement in developing new curriculum in Vietnam. Thus, the new curriculum will meet the requirements towards promoting comprehensive education, aiming at building a basic general education, solid and personal competence development of learners, in accordance with learning conditions In different regions, meeting the requirements of society In the process of international integration.
Keywords: General curriculum; experience; education.
MOT SDDE XUAT BirOC DAU..
Hidn nay, chung tdi da biln soan dUOe m^t so giao in thdc nghilm minh hoa eho ba biln phip tren, dd vi dang thuc nghiem tai m6t sd trUdng trung hoe phd thdng dViet Nam.
5. Kit luan
Ning lUe tlm tdl NCKH l i ning lUc ehuyin bidt can phit trien cho HS thdng qua day hpc eae mdn khoa hpe tp nhidn. Cd the phit tnln nang Ipe tim tdi NCKH cho HS thdng qua day hpc mdn Hoa hpe is trudng trung hpc phd thflng bSng cich vin dung mot sd phUdng phip day hpc nhu phUdng phdp Bin tay nin bpt v i Day hpe du dn, die biet I i td chdc eho HS thuc hiln de tai nghien edu nhd gin vdi thuc tien. Qud trinh nghien cdu vd td chdc thUe nghiem su pham d l xae djnh hilu qui eda cic bien phap phit trien ndng liic tim tdi NCKH da va dang dupe tiln hinh d trUdng pho thdng se gop phan khang dinh eho dilu dd.
TAILICUTHAMKHAO
[1 ]. Vu Cao Dim, (2005), Phuang phdp ludn nghiin cdu khoa hoc. NXB Khoa hoe - Ki thuit.
[2]. LI Huy Hodng, (2013), Mpt so vdn de ve nghiin cUu khoa hoc eda hoc sinh trung hpc - Phdn 1,3, Tai lieu tap huan cho giio vidn cot cin cua Bo Giao dye v i Oio t^o -TR HCM.
[31. Cao Thl Thing, Sd dung mdt sd phuang phdp vd ki thudt day hoc tieh eUc - Hudng phdt triin mpt sd ndng lUc ca
(Tiip theo trang 15)
bdn cho hpe sinh trong day hoc Hda hpc. Tap ehf Khoa hpe, Dal hoe Su pham Hi Ndi, sd 8, tr.46 - 53, nam 2010.
[4]. Cao Thj Thing - Ld Ngoc Vinh, Mdt so kit qud rin ki ndng nghiin cdu khoa hpc cho hoc sinh trung hoc ca sd bdng cdch dp dung phUOng phdp Bdn tay nan bdt trong day hoe Hda hoed Binh Dinh, Tap ctii Khoa hpc Giio due, sd 120, tr.43 - 46, thing 9, nam 2015.
[5]. Cao Thj Thing, Pham Thj Bich Ddo, Bude ddu dp dung phuang phdp Bdn tay ndn bdt theo hudng phdt trien ndng lUesdng tao cho hoc sinh trung hgcphp thdng trong dgy hoc Hda hpe. Tap ehl Khoa hpc Giao due, sd 108, thing 9, nim 2014.'
SUMMARY
Developing students' discovery competence in scientific research through teaching natural science subjects in general and Chemistry in particular is an important task to contribute to developing students'eompetenee towards renewal of Ministry of Education and Training. This is a new, difficult and practical issue. The article focuses on clarifying this competence's concept, structure, specific manifestation and proposes three measures to develop students' research competence through Chemistry teaching at high school.
Keywords: Discovery competence in scientific research- Chemistry teaching: upper secondary education.
SUlZTTI 104/2016*61
