Tqp chi khoa hgc Tn^ng Bai hgc Quy Nhcfn - Sd'2, Tap IX nam 2015
NGHIEN Ctfu QUY TRINH NHAN GIONG HOA DONG TIEN (GERBERA SP.) B A N G PHlTdNG PHAP NUOI CAY MO
HO TAN^ NGUYEN HOANG DANG*
1. DAT VAN DE
Hoa Ddng tiln (Gerbera sp.) ed ngudn gd'e tif Nam Phi va difdc du nhap vao Viet Nam tif dau thd' ky XX va trd thanh 1 trong 14 loai hoa quan trpng nha't d nu'de ta (sau Hong, Cue, Lan, Cam Chu'dng, Lay On) [2]. Hoa Dong tien rat phong phu va da dang vdi nhieu mau sac khae nhau nhif: dd, cam, vang, trang, phan hong, tim,... Tren mot bdng hoa cd the ed mdt mau ddn hoac nhilu mau xen ke. Hoa Dong tien cd gia hi kinh te cao, mac dia hoa Ddng tiln chi chie'm ti le rat nhd (3-5%) trong tdng so' cac loai hoa cat canh, song khdng the vang mat tren thi tnfdng hoa [1].
Ngay nay, phifdng phap nhan gidng cd truyen bang each tach choi tiX cay me da khdng cdn phii hdp. Do sau mdt thdi gian trdng ngoai dong rupng tat yeu se nhiem rat nhieu loai vi nit va vi khuan lam cho chat lifdng cay gidng giam, thoai hda anh hu'dng de'n chat lifdng san pham canh hoa. O Binh Dinh viec iJng dung ky thuat nudi cay in vitro trong nhSn gid'ng difdc phat trien kha manh me. Dae biet la tai Trung tam Ung dung tien bd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe thude sd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Binh Dinh da va dang nghien ciJu, u'ng dung ITnh vifc nay trong nhan gid'ng cac loai hoa, eay ISm nghidp va da ed nhieu thanh cdng dang kl. Nh§n gid'ng hoa Ddng tiln bang phtfdng phap nay dang d^n phd bien va difdc nhieu ngifdi bidt de'n [4]. Chinh vi nhitng ly do tren, ehung tdi tien hanh de tai "Nghien ciJu quy binh nhan gidng hoa Dong tien (Gerbera sp.) bang phtfdng phap nudi cS'y md".
2. N O I D U N G V A PHlJClNG P H A P NGHIEN CLfU 2.1. Dd'i ttidng nghien cu'u
Tien hanh nghien cu'u tren mdt gidng hoa Ddng tien du'dc Imi gii? tai Trung tam iJng dung tien bp Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe thupc sd Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Binh Dinh.
Vat lieu dung de nudi cay la de' hoa cua nu hoa non (mdi nhu len dai khoang 3-5cm) la'y tH c§y hoa Dong tien sach benh, sinh tiafdng phat trien binh thu'dng.
2.2. Th^i gian va dia dig'm
Nghien cu'u dufdc thu'c hien tiif thang 10/2012 de'n 04/2013 tai phdng nudi eli'y md, thudc Trung tam iJng dung tid'n bp Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe thudc sd Khoa hpc eong nghe Binh Dinh.
HO TAN% NGUYEN HOANG DANG^
2.3. N6i dung nghien ctfu
- Nghien ciJu anh hu'dng cua nong dp va thdi gian khS triang cua nuTdc Javen dd'n ty le sd'ng cua mau cay.
- Nghien ctili anh hu'dng cua cha't diiu hda sinh tnfdng BA va NAA de'n kha nang tao chdi va rl eiia hoa Ddng tien trong in vitro.
- Nghidn cifu cac loai gia the de thuin du'dng cay con hoa Ddng tien trong nha lu'di.
2.4. Phufotag phap nghidn cii'u 2.4.1. Mdi trudng nuoi cay
Mdi tnfdng nen dtfdc sijf dung la mdi tnfdng cd ban MS (Murashige va Skoog, 1962), bd sung Saccarose 30 g/1, agar 11 g/1, chu£n pH 5,8. Tiiy thi nghidm, bd sung them cac chS't dieu hda sinh tru'dng vao mdi tru'dng nudi cay gdm BA va NAA. Rdt 40ml mdi tru'dng vao binh rdi day nap nhifa kin va chuyen vao ndi ha'p khuf triing d nhidt dp 121°C, ap sua't latm trong thdi gian 20 phut.
2.4.2. Bo tri thi nghiim
Nghien CO'U du'dc thifc hien bao gdm 4 thi nghiem nhif sau:
Thi nghi$m 1: Khao sat nong dd ntfdc Javen va thdi gian khiJ trung dg'n ty 1^
sd'ng cua m§u cS'y
- Thi nghiem du'dc bd tri theo phifdng phap hoan toan ngHu nhidn, gdm 10 cdng thi?c, mdi cdng thu'c lap lai 3 lan, mdi lln lap lai 10 binh/cdng thu'c, mdi binh thdy tinh cay 1 mau.
- Cac cdng thu'c thi ngbidm bao gdm:
Cong tliii'c CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5
Thcii gian va nong do xijf ly dung dich Javen
Kliong xijf ly 1 0 % + 1 0 phut 10% + 20 phiit 1 0 % + 30 phiit 20% + 10 phut
Cong thu'c CT6 CT7 CT8 CT9 CTIO
Thcii gian va nong do xuf 1;^
dung dich Javen 20% + 20 phllt 20% + 30 phiit 30%) + 10 phiit 30% + 20 phut 30%) + 30 phiit
NGHEN Ctfu QUY TRINH NHAN G I 6 N G HOA BONG TEN
Thj nghiem 2: Anh hifdng cua nong dd BA den kha nang t^o ch6i cua hoa Dong tiin trong di^u kien in vitro
- Thi nghi6m diicfc bo tri theo phUOng phap hoan toan nglu nhien gom 5 cong thifc, mSi cong thu'c lap lai 5 lan, mSi lan lap lai 3 binh/ cong thiJc, mSi binh thiiy tinh, cS'y 3 choi.
-Cac cong thij'c thi nghiem:
+ C6ngthl}cl:MS(DC) + C6ng thlJc 2: MS + 0,1 mg/1 BA + Cong thu'c 3: MS + 0,3 mg/1 BA + Cong thu'c 4: MS + 0,5 mg/1 BA + Cong thu'c 5: MS + 0,7 mg/1 BA
Thi nghi0m 3: Anh htfofng cua nong dfi NAA dS'n sii sinh trtfdng va kha nang ra re cua ch6i hoa Bdng ti^n
- Thi nghiem dUdc bo tri theo phiiOng phap hoan toan ngau nhien gom 5 cong thu'c, m5i c6ng thu'c lap lai 5 lln, m6i lln lap lai 3 binh/ cong thu'c, m6i binh thiiy tinh cay 3 choi.
- Cac c6ng thu'c f hi nghiem:
+ C6ngthiJcl:MS(DC) + Cong thilc 2: MS + 0,1 mg /I NAA + Cong thu'c 3: MS + 0,3 mg/1 NAA + C6ng thlJc 4: MS + 0,5 mg/1 NAA + Cong thilc 5: MS + 0,7 mg/1 NAA
Thf nghifm 4: Xac dinh Ioai gia the phii h^p d@ thu^n dtfdng cay hoa Bdng ti^n in vitro
- Thi nghiem dUdc bo' tri theo phifOng phap hoan toan ngau nhien gom 3 cong thtfc vdi 5 lan lap lai, m§i lan lap lai 7 cay/ cong thiJc.
- Cac c6ng thi?c ciia thi nghiem:
+ Cong thtfc 1; 100% xO dtfa + cang thtfc 2: 75% xd dtfa + 25%i dat + Cong thtfc 3: 50% xO dtfa + 50% da't 2.4.3. Chi tieu theo doi
Cac chi tieu dtfdc ghi nhin qua cac thSi diem 14, 21, 28 va 42 ngay sau Ithi ca'y:
H6 TAN-, NGUYEN HOANG BANG*
Tong s6 mau nhiem - Ty le mau nhiem (%) = .^.. .- , , , — ^ - x 100
^ • Tong so mau dtfa vao - Ty 16 mlu song {%) = Tong s6' mau song
Tong so mau dtfa vao T^ng so mau ch6't
- T^ 16 mau ch6t (%) = „ , .- ^ , , — : x 100 Tong so mau dtfa vao - So choi: Dem so' choi gia tang qua cac thdi diem - Chieu cao choi: Tinh ttf day goc de'n la cao nhit - So rl: Dem tat ca cac ri dtfdc hinh thanh
- Chieu dai r6: Do cliilu dai ciia ta't ca cac rl hinh thanh _ , ... - Tong cly song
- Ty le cay song (%) = —=^—5_J^ S _ _ x 100 Tong cay ra ngoai 2.4.4. Xu! ly so'lieu
Tat cacacsoheuciiathi nghiem dtfdc phan tich thong ke bang phan mIm MSTATC vl so sanh cac gia tri trung binh bang phtfdng phap Idem dinh LSD d mtfc ^ nghia 5%.
3. KET QUA NGHIEN CtfU VA BAN LUAN
3.1. Thf nghiem 1: Khao sat nSng do ntfdc Javen va thdi gian khi triing d6'n ty 10 song cua mlu cay
Ke't qua thu dtfdc d Bang 1 cho tha'y, khi khtf triing mlu vdi ntfdc Javen d cac nong de 0%, 10%o, 20%, 30% trong cac khoang thdi gian 10, 20, 30 phiit thi cho hiSu qua khtf trung khac nhau va khac biet qua phan tich thong k6 d mtfc f nghia 5%. Khi ta khtf trung bang ntfdc Javen d thdi gian va nong do xtf ly thap de'n cao thi nhin chung ty le mlu sd'ng tang dan ttf cang thtfc 3 (6,67%) de'n cdng thtfc 7 (43,33%) nhtfng sau do giam din va d cong thtfc 10 chi con 20,00%. Ty IS so'ng cua cong thtfc 7 la cao nhat, khac biet qua phan tich tho'ng ke so vdi cong thtfc do'i chtfng va cac cdng thtfc khac. Ty le sd'ng fl cdng thtfc do'i chtfng va cdng thtfc 2 la thap nha't, tuy nhien khong khac bi$t so vdi cdng thtfc 3.
NGHIEN CiJu QUY TRlNH NHAN GIONG HOADONGTIEN 109 Bdng 1. Ty le (%) mdu song sot, mdu chet vd mdu bi nhiem sau 21 ngdy
Cdng thiic
CTI (DC) CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 CT6 CT7 CT8 CT9 CTIO Mtfc y nghia
CV (%) LSD„,„3
Ndng do x i l y ( % ) Khdng xtf 15'
10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30
Thdi gian (phut)
10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30
Tyle(%) Miu sd'ng
0,00 e 0,00 e 6,67 de 3,33 cd 3,33 cd 26,67 b 43,33 a 23,33 b 20,00 be 20,00 be
*
26,83 7,62
Mlu chd't 0,00 c 0,00 c 26,67 b 33,33 b 33,33 b 30,00 b 23,33 b 46,67 a 46,67 a 56,67 a
*
24,62 12,44
Mlu nliidm 100,00 a 100,00 a 66,67 b 53,33 be 53,33 be 43,33 cd 33,33 de 30,00 de 33,33 de 23,33 e
*
15,96 14,49 Trong ciing mdt cdt cdc chit theo sau gid'ng nhau thi khac biet khdng co y nghia thdng ke; *: khde biet co y nghia thdng ke d mUc 5%.
Ty le mau nhiim cao nha't d cdng thu'c dd'i chii'ng (100,00%) va cdng thu'c 2 (100,00%) khac biet qua phSn tich thd'ng ke d mu'c y nghia 5% so vdi cac cdng thiJc khac. Do khdng x^ \^ vdi nifdc Javen va xuf ly nhifng trong thdi gian ngan ndn khdng du kha nang tieu diet vi sinh vat tap nhidm lam cho ty le mlu nhiem cao. Ty le nhiem thap nha't d cdng thu'c 10 (23,33%) do mlu tie'p xue lau va ndng dp cao cua nu'de Javen nen cd kha nang tieu didt dtfdc vi sinh v|t tap nhiem.
Ty Id mlu chet tang din khi tang thdi gian khiJ trung va ndng dp Javen, thap nha't d cdng thu'c dd'i chlJng (0,00%) va cdng thiJc 2 (0,00%), khae biet qua phan tich thdng ke so vdi cac cdng thu'c cdn lai. Ty le mau che't cao nhat d cdng thiJc 10 (56,67%), nhifng khdng khac biet so vdi cdng thu'c 8 va 9. Do tac ddng ciia nu'de Javen ldn md cay trong thdi gian dai va nong dp cao nen lam eho md cay bi tdn thu'dng.
3.2. Thi nghiem 2: Anh hvidng cua n6ng do B A dg'n kha nang tgio choi cua hoa Ddng ti^n trong in vitro
3.2.1. SUgia tdng sd'choi
Kd't qua thu difdc d Bang 2 cho thay, d thdi diem 14 NSKC, sd chdi dao ddng tif 1,00 de'n 1,27 (chdi) va cd siJ khac biet qua phSn tich thdng ke d mu'c y nghia 5%. Trong
HO TAN', NGlreEN HOANG BANg dd, cdng thtfc ed ba' sung 0,5 mg/1 BA cho so' chSi tao thanh eao nhat (1,27 choi), khac biet ed y ngMa thd'ng ke so vdi dd'i chtfng khdng be' sung B A, tuy nhien khdng khac bi$t so vdi cac cdng thtfc cd bd' sung 0,1; 0,3 va 0,7 mg/1 BA. O cdng thtfc d^i chtfng cd sd' chdi tao thanh thap nha't (1,00 chdi).
Bdng 2. Anh hudng ciia BA den su gia tdng so choi cda hoa Dong tien qua cdc ngdy sau khi cay
Ndng do BA (mgrt) 0,0 (DC)
0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 Mtfc y nghia
CV(%)
So'chdi qua cac thdi dis'm sau khi cay 14 ngay
1,00 b 1,10 ab 1,20 ab 1,27 a 1,20 ab
15,12 0,23
28 ngay 1,20 c 3,73 b 4.20 b 4,97 a 4,03 b
11,08 0,53
42 ngay 1,20 d 4,70 c 5,00 be
6,53 a 5,44 b
*
9,82 0,59 Thdi diem 28 NSKC, cdng thtfc cd bd sung 0,5 mg/1 BA vin eho sd'choi tao thanh cao nha't (4,97 chdi), khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng k6 d mtfc 5%i so vdi cdng thtfc dd'i chtfng khdng bd sung BA va vdi cac cdng thtfc cd bd sung BA khac. So' chdi tao thanh thap nha't la d cdng thtfc dd'i chtfng (chi 1,20 chdi) va khac biet ed y nghia so vdi 3 cong thtfc cd bd sung BA con lai. Giffa 3 cdng thtfc bd sung 0,1; 0,3 va 0,7 mgA BA khBug cd sir khae biet vd sd' chdi.
Dd'n thdi die'm 42 NSKC, sd chdi tao thanh cao nha't d thdi did'm nay vin la cdng thtfc bd sung 0,5 mg/1 BA (6,53 chdi), khac biet cd ^ nghia thd'ng kg d mtfc 5% so vdi cdng thtfc dd'i chtfng khdng bd sung BA va cac eong thtfc cd bd sung BA khac. Sd chdi tao thanh tht'p nha't d thdi die'm nay vin la d cdng thtfc ddi chtfng vdi (1,2 chdi).
Kdt qua nay phii hdp vdi ke't qua nghidn ctfu ciia Nguyin Dtfc Ltfdng va Le Thi Thuy Tidn (2006) [3] eho rang, ban chat cia cac hdp cha't dieu hoa sinh trtfdng khi bd sung ndng do phii hdp se eho ke't qua gia tang chdi cao nhtfng khi tang d ndng dp qua cao hay d ndng do thap thi kha nang gia tang sd chdi se giam. Vay cdng thtfc bd sung 0,5 mg/1 BA la thich hdp nha't dd nhan chdi cay hoa Ddng tien.
3.2.2. Si/fgia tdng chieu cao choi
Ket qua d Bang 3 cho tha'y, d thdi die'm 14 NSKC, chieu cao chdi d cac cdng thtfc cd stf khac biet qua phan tich thd'ng ke d mtfc y nghia 5%. Trong dd, chilu cao chdi d
NGHIEN CIXJ QUY TRINH NHAN GIONG HQA B6NG TEN
cdng thUc dd'i chiJng khdng bd sung BA la ldn nha't (4,40 cm) khac biet vl mat thd'ng ke so vdi cae cdng thu'c cd bd sung BA. Cac cdng thiJc bd sung 0,3; 0,5 va 0,7 mg/l BA c6 chieu cao chdi thafp nhat, khac bidt cd y nghia thd'ng ke so vdi cdng thu'c ddi chd'ng va cdng thtfc bd sung 0,1 mg/1 BA.
Bdng 3. Anh hudng cUa nong do BA den su gia tdng chieu cao chdi hoa Bdng tien qua cdc thdi diem sau khi cay Nong do BA
(mgfl) 0,0 (DC)
0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 Mtfc y nghia
CV(%)
Sd' chdi qua cac thdi di^m sau l^hi cSy 14 ngay
4,40 a 4,16 b 3,76 c 3,78 c 3,74 c 3,39 0,18
28 ngay 5,30 a 4,29 b 3,78 c 3,85 c 3,60 c
*
4,88 0,27
42 ngay 5.43 a 4,39 b 4,09 b 5,11a 3,26 e
*
7,65 0,45 Thdi diem 28 NSKC, chieu cao chdi d cac cdng thiJc cd siTkhac biet qua phan tich thd'ng kd d raiJc y nghia 5%. Chieu cao chdi d cdng thtfc dd'i chtfng ldn nha't (5,30 cm) khae biet so vdi eac cdng thtfc cd bd sung BA. Cac cdng thtfc bd sung 0,3; 0,5; 0,7 mg/
1 BA khdng cd stf khac bidt vl chilu cao.
De'n thdi diem 42 NSKC, ehieu cao chdi d cac cdng thtfc cd stf khac biet qua phan tich thd'ng ke d mtfc ^ nghia 5%. Trong dd, chieu cao choi d cdng thtfc dd'i chtfng khdng bd sung BA (5,43 cm) va cdng thvJc bo sung 0,5 mg/1 BA (5,11 cm) dat cao nha't, khac biet qua phSn tich thdng ke so vdi cac eong thtfc khac. Chieu cao chdi dat thS'p nhat la d cdng thtfc bd sung 0,7 mg/1 BA (3,26 cm).
Theo quan sat tha'y, cae cdng thtfc cd bd sung BA d ndng do ttf 0,3-0,5 mg/l deu cho cha't ltfdng chdi map, la xanh thim so vdi cdng thtfc ddi chtfng khdng bd sung BA.
Dac biet, cdng thtfc bd sung 0,5 mg/1 BA cho chat ltfdng chdi td't nha't. Nhtfng khi tang ndng do BA vtfdt qua 0,5mg/1 thi cha't Itfdng chdi bi giam sut ttf chdi binh thtfdng, la xanh xudng thanh chdi gay, la xanh nhat, hoac chdi bi di dang nhtf d cdng thtfc bd sung 0,7 mg/1B A.
HO TAN'. NGUYEN HOANG BANG"
^
•K^
T '
.;''•*'"-
- ' • - •
Hinh 1. Chdi hoa Dong tien sau 42 nga} nudi cdy (CT 1 (DC): MS; CT 4: MS + 0,5 mg/l BA)
3.3. Thi nghi$m 3: Anh htfdng cua ndng dd NAA dd'n stf sinh trtfdng va kha nang ra re cua chdi hoa Ddng tien
3.3.1. Sori vd chieu ddi re
Ke't qua thu dtfdc d Bang 4 cho thay, ta't ca cac cdng thtfc thi nghiem deu ra rS dat ty le 100%. Chtfng td rang, chdi hoa ddng tien cd the ra rd ngay trong mdi trtfdng nIn va mdi trtfdng cd bd sung NAA ndng dp ttf 0,lmg/l de'n 0,7 mg/1. Tuy nhien, sdrd va ehieu dai rl ed stf khac biet qua phan tich thd'ng ke d mtfc y nghia 5% gitfa cac cdng thtfc cd va khdng bd sung NAA.
Bdng 4, Anh hudng cua nong do WAA den so ri vd chieu ddi ri cua choi hoa Ddng tien d thdi diem 42 NSKC
Nong dd NAA (mg/l) 0,0 (DC)
0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 Mtfc y nghia
CV(%)
So' r6 (ri) 2,40 e 4,04 d 6,37 b 8,11a 5,63 c
7,03 0,49
Chieu dai rl (cm) 3,98 a 3,30 b 4,22 a 2,86 c 2,32 d
*
8,00 0,35
NGHISN CLfu QUY THJNH NHAN GIONG HOA BONG TIEN
Sd' re d cac cdng thtfc dao ddng ttf 2,40 (rd) de'n 8,11 (rd). Trong dd, cdng thtfc bd sung 0,5 mg/1 NAA cd so Itfdng rl tao thanh cao nhat (8,11 rl), khac bidt so vdi cdng thtfc ddi chtfng khdng bo sung NAA va cac cdng thtfc cd bo sung NAA khac. Cdng thtfc ddi chtfng khdng bd sung NAA cd sd rl tao thanh thap nhat (2,40 re), khac bidt cd y nghia thd'ng ke so vdi cac cdng thtfc cdn lai.
Ve chieu dai rl, 6 cac cdng thtfc dao ddng ttf 2,32 (cm) de'n 4,22 (cm), khac bidt qua phSn tich thdng ke d mtfc y nghia 5%. Cdng thtfc dd'i chtfng va cdng thtfe bd' sung 0,3 mg/1 NAA cd chilu dai rl cao nhat l^n Itfdt (3,98 cm) va (4,22 cm), khac bidt cd •^
nghia thdng kd so vdi cac cdng thtfe cd bd sung NAA khac. Chieu dai rl thap nha't la d cdng ditfc bd sung 0,7 mg/1 NAA chi dat (2,32 cm) khac biet cd y nghia so vdi cae cdng thtfe con lai.
Ttf ke't qua trdn cho thay, chdi hoa Ddng tien sinh trtfdng trong mdi trtfdng nen cd kha nang ttf phat sinh r l . Tuy nhien, chat Itfdng rl lai chiu stf chi phd'i cua ndng do NAA. Ne'u ndng do NAA thich hdp se giup chdi phat sinh bd rl tdt (so Itfdng va ehilu dai), tuy nhidn ndu nong dd qua cao se tfe chd stf sinh trtfdng ciia rl thi hien Ik sd re giam va chilu dai re giam. O cdng thtfe bd sung 0,3 mg/1 NAA eho sd rl va chilu dai re td't nhat.
3.3.2. SUgia tdng chieu cao chSi
Ke't qua ghi nhan d Bang 5 cho tha'y, qua 14 va 28 NSKC, ehieu cao choi d cac cdng thtfc khdng khac biet qua phan tich thd'ng ke d mtfc y ngliia 5%. Chieu cao chdi d 14 NSKC dao ddng ttf 4,33 (cm) de'n 4,89 (em) va d 28 NSKC dao ddng ttf 4,91 (cm) de'n 5,62 (cm).
Bang 5. Anh hudng cua nong do NAA de'n su gia tang chieu cao choi cua hoa Dong tien qua cdc thdi diem sau khi cdy Ndng dd BA
(mg/I) 0,0 (DC)
0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 Mtfc y nghia
CV(%)
Cliieu cao chdi (cm) qua cac thdi di^m sau klii cS'y 14 ngay
4,64 4,47 4,89 4,33 4,56 ns 14,56 0,88
28 ngay 4,91 5,05 5,51 5,12 5,62 ns 11,02 0,76
42 ngay 6,61e 8,19 ab
9,03 a 8,33 ab 7,77 b
*
9,63 1,02
Trong ciing mot cdt cdc chU theo sau gid'ng nhau thi khac biit khong cd y nghia thong ki; ns: khde biet khdng cd y nghia thdng ke; *: khac biit co y nghia thong ki d mUc 5%
H6TAN=, NGUYEN HOANG BANq*
De'n thdi diem 42 NSKC thi ed stf khac biet thd'ng kd d mtfc y nghia 5% v l chilu cao chdi gitfa cac cdng thtfc thi nghiem. Trong do, cdng thtfc bd sung 0,3 mg/1 NAA cd chilu chdi dat cao nha't (9,03 cm), khac biet qua phan tich thdng ke so vdi cdng thtfc ddi chtfng khdng bd sung NAA (6,61 cm) va cdng thtfc bd sung 0,7 mg /I NAA. Tuy nhien, khdng khae biet so vdi cdng thtfc ed bd sung 0,1 va 0,5 mg/1 NAA. Cdng thtfc dd'i chtfng cd ehieu cao tha'p nha't, khac biet qua phan tich thdng ke so vdi c5c cdng thtfc ed b6 sung NAA edn lai. Ket qua nay phu hdp vdi nghidn ctfu ciia Nguyen Dtfc Ltfdng v^
Le Thi Thuy Tien, (200) [3] cho rang, ban cha't cda cac hdp cha't dieu boa sinh trtfdng, khi bd sung ndng dp phii hdp se cho ke't qua gia tang c h i l u cao chdi nhtfng khi tang d ndng dp qua cao hay d ndng dd tha'p thi kha nang gia tang chieu cao chdi se giam.
Hinh 2. Choi hoa Bdng tien sau 42 ngdy nudi cdy (CT 1 (DC): MS; Cdng thUc 3: MS + 0,3mg/1 N/>iA)
3.4. Thi nghiem 4: X a c dinh loai gia ihi phii hdp d e thu^n drfffng cSy hoa DSng t i l n in vitro
Ket qua d Bang 6 cho tha'y, cac gia the khac nhau cho kha nang sdng ctfa cay con hoa Dong t i l n khac nhau. Ty 18 sdng d ea 3 cdng thtfc sau 21 va 42 ngay d e u giam va khae biet qua phan tich thdng ke d mtfc ;y nghia 5%.
Gia t h i lam dd'i chtfng la 100% xd dtfa cd kha nang giff a'm va thoat ntfdc tdt, ty \t sd'ng sau 21 ngay dat cao nhat (97,14%), khae biet qua phan tich thdng kd so vdi hai eong thtfe edn lai. Cdng thtfc 50% xd dtfa + 50% da't cd ty le so'ng tha'p nha't (60%), khdng khac biet so vdi cdng thtfc 7 5 % xd dtfa + 2 5 % da't.
NGHIEN ClJu QUY TRJNH NHAN GIONG HOA PONG TifeN
Bang 6. Anh hudng cua gid thi den ty le so'ng cua cdy hoa Bong tien sau 21 va 42 ngdy trong
Cdng thtfc
100% xO dtfa 75% xd dtfa + 25%i dSit 50% xd dtfa + 50% d§ft
Mtfc ^ nghia CV(%>)
Ty id sd'ng (%) qua cac thdi diem sau khi trdng 21 ngay
97,14 a 74,28 b 60,00 b
*
13,52 14,38
42 ngay 85.71 a 60,00 b 45.72 c 8,17 7,19 De'n 42 NSKC, ty Id sd'ng d cac cdng thtfc ed stf khae biet qua phan tich thd'ng ke d mtfc y nghia 5%. Cdng thtfe 100% xd dtfa vin cho ty le sd'ng eao nha't (85,71%), khac biet qua phan tich thdng kd so vdi hai cdng thtfc edn lai. Cdng thtfc 50% xd dtfa + 50%
da't cd ty le sd'ng tha'p nha't (45,72 %).
Tdm lai, ttf nhffng ket qua tren cho tha'y, cdng thtfc 100% xd dtfa thich hdp ddi vdi eay hoa Ddng tien in vitro khi btfdc dau dem ra vtfdn tfdm.
4. KET LUAN
- Phtfdng phap khtf h-ung mSu tdt nha't dd'i vdi de hoa Ddng tien la dung ntfdc Javen vdi ndng dp 20% trong 30 phut eho ty le mau sd'ng dat cao nha't 43,33%.
- Mdi trtfdng td't nha't eho nhan chdi la khi bd sung 0,5 mg/1 BA vdi sd chdi va ehieu eao chdi dat eao nha't lan Itfdt la 6,53 (chdi) va 5,11 (cm) sau 42 ngay nudi ca'y va tinh trang chdi map, la xanh tham, khde.
- Mdi trtfdng tdt nha't de tao re la khi bd sung ttf 0,3 de'n 0,5 mg/1 NAA da cho sd Itfdng rl va chilu dai rl cao nha't vdi tinh trang rl khde, map.
- Gia the thieh hdp de thuan dtfdng cay hoa Dong tien ca'y md la 100% xd dtfa vdi ty le sd'ng sau 42 ngay trdng dat 85,71%.
_ H 6 T A N " , NGUYEN H O A N G B A N G >
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Dang Van Dong, Dinh The Loc, Hoa Dong tien, Nxb Lao Ddng va Xa H6i, (2003).
[2] Dang Van Dong, Dinh The^ Loc, Cdng nghe mdi trdng hoa cho thu nhap cao-Hoa Dong tien, Nxb Lao Dong, (2004 ).
[3] Nguyin Dtfc Ltfdng. Le Thi Thuy Tien, Cong nghe te bdo, Nxb Dai hoc Qud'c gia TP. HCM. (2006).
[4] D 6 Nang Vinh. Ha Thi Thiiy, Dtfdng Minh Nga, Nghiin cdu hoan thiin nhdn nhanh cdc gidng hoa Dong tien nhap ndi bdng cdng nghi in vitro. Tap chi Ndng nghiep va Phat trien nang thon, sa' 8/2003, (2003).
RESEARCH ON PROPAGATION PROCESS OF GERBERA (GERBERA SP.) BY TISSUE CULTURE
Ho Tan, Nguyen Hoang Dang This study was conducted to develop a process of Gerbera breeding by dssue culture methods. The resuhs of this study show that the best sterilization methods is to neutraUze Javen water with the concentrations of 20% in 30 minutes with the highest alive sample rate of 43,33%. The best medium for the shoot is to add 0.5 mg/ 1 BA with the result number of 6.53 shoots and the height of 5.11cm after 42 days of culture and the status of big buds with dark green leaves. The best medium for root development is to add 0.3 to 0.5 mg/ 1 NAA with the highest number of roots and root length. Acclimatization obtains the best result on 100% coconut fiber after 42-day with the survival rate of 85.71%.
"Khoa Sinh- KTNN. TrtfSng Dai hoc Quy Nhdn
•"Ceng ty tiiuoc bao ve thtfc vat HP, Gia Lai Ngay nhan bai: 9/01/2015; Ngay nhan dang: 12/6/2015
