J. Sci. & Devel.. Vol. 10, No. 5:779-791 Tgp chi Khoa hpc vfi Phfit triln 2012 TSp 10, s l 5: 779-791 www.hua.edu.vn
NHONG TlNH CHAT C 6 LQI CHO SlJIC KHAE COA CAC CAU P H A N
TtrMANGCAUB^DCDASffA
LS Trung Thiln*, Biii Vfin Mien
Khoa Cdng nghf th^phdm, Tru&ng Bgi hgc Ndng Ldm Tp. HCM Email*: [email protected]
Ngfiy gui bfii: 25.05.2012 Ngiy chfip nhgn: 15.08.2012
T 6 M TAT
Trong sUa, chfit bdo t i n tgi b dgng cfic hgt cfiu vdi du-Png kinh khofing ti> 0,1 - 15nm. NhOng hgt cfiu bio nfiy du-oc bao bpc bai mdt \b\i mlng du^c ggi lfi mfing cfiu bfio (MCB). Chfit bdo trong tfim cua cfiu b i o du'oc cfiu thfinh chu y l u ti> cfic phfin td triglyceride tmng tinh trong khi phfin chfit bio cua MCB chua chu y l u lfi cfic lipid phfin cyc.
Phfin protein cua mfing cfiu b i o cOng c6 mpt thfinh phfin dfic trung vd-i c h i y l u lfi glycoprotein. Thfinh phfin protein CLia mfing cfiu b i o rfit khfic bl§t so vdi thfinh phfin protein trong huylt tuong sO'a (milk plasma). S&a chii-a (t, chi khoang 2 g/L vfit chfit tO mfing cfiu b i o . Tuy nhiln, vfit chfit nfiy dfi thu hOt nhilu sy chil J nh&ng nfim gfin dfiy do cfi v l nhOng tinh chit cd lpi cho si>c khoe vfi v l nhO'ng dflc tinh cdng ngh|. Bfii trinh bfiy nfiy tdm lupc cfic kien thCrc cfip nhfit v l nhOng anh h u l n g cd lo'l cho si>c khoi ty vl$c tilu thy vfit chit MCB. Bin cgnh dd, cdn cung cap thdm nhu-ng kiln thifc cfin ban v l thfinh phfin vfi cfiu tnic cua MCB.
Tir khda: Chdng nhiem, chdng ung thu", glycoprotein, lipid phfin cyc, mfing cfiu bdo sira, phfit trien nfio.
Health-Benificial Properties of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Components
ABSTRACT
In milk, lipids occur in the form of globules with diameters varying from 0.1 to 15 ^m. These fat globules have a sumjunding thin film which is called the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Fat in the core of the globules is mainly composed of neutral triacylglycerides while the lipid moiety of the MFGM fraction mainly consists of polar lipids. The protein moiety of the MFGM also has a specific composition with mainly glycosylated proteins, which are greatly difFerent from those in milk plasma. Milk contains as little as 2 g/L of MFGM material. However, this material received much attention in recent years due to t>oth its health-beneficial properties and technological functionalities. This paper compiles up-to-date knowledge concerning the health-beneficial effects from consumption of MFGM components. In addition, basic knowledge about composition and structuro of MFGM is also briefly discussed.
Keywords: Anfi-adhesion, anticancinogenic, brain development, glycoproteins, inhibition of infection, milk fat globule membrane, polar lipids.
1. G l 6 l THIEU thfinh phfin dac trUng vli chu ytfu lfi Trong sfla, chtft bio tdn tai b dang cfic hat glycoprotein. Thanh phfin protein cua mfing cfiu cfiu vdi dUdng kinh trong khoang tfl'o,l - 15nm ^^^ ^^'^ *^hfic bilt so vdi thfinh phfin protein (Walstra va cfng sU. 2006). NhQng hat cfiu bio ^^""g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ '^'^"S sfla (milk plasma), nfiy dflpc bao bpc bdi mft l i p mong dflpc gpi lfi Sfla chfla it, chi khoang 2 g/L vfit chtft tfl mfing cfiu bio (MCB). Chfi't bio trong tam cua mfing cfiu bio. Tuy nhien, vft chfi't nfiy da thu cfiu bdo dupc ctfu thfinh chu ytfu tfl cfic phan tfl hut nhilu sy chu J nhflng nam gfin dfiy do ca v l triglyceride trung tfnh trong khi phfin chtft bio nhflng tinh chfi't cl lpi cho sdc khoe vfi v l nhflng cua MCB chfla chu ytfu la cfic lipid phan cyc. dgc tfnh d n g nghf. Bfii vil't nay torn lUdc cfic Phfin protein cua mfing cfiu bio cung cd mft kitfn thflc cfp nhfit v l nhflng anh hulng cl lpi
NhO'ng tinh chfit d lpi cho sue khie cua cfic cfiu phfin t l ' mfing cfiu bio d a sO'a
cho sflc khoi tfl vifc tilu thy vft chtft MCB.
TrUlc khi di vfto phfin chfnh, nhflng kitfn thdc cfln ban vl thfinh phfin vfi ctfu trdc cua MCB sl dupc giii thif u b phfin dflli dfiy.
2. T H A N H PHAN CUA MCB
Thfinh phfin Ulc tfnh cua MCB ty nhiln trong sda dUpc trinh bfiy trong Bang 1.
Hai nhim ctfu phfin chfnh lfi protein vfi lipid • phfin cyc (gSm phospholipids vfi sphingolipids). Tuy nhiln, thfinh phfin tim thtfy trin cfic tfii lifu tham khao d khfic nhau nhilu hay ft vfi khfic so vdi stf lifu trong bang thfinh phfin flic tfnh vfla cho. Dilu nfiy lfi do d sy khfic bift trong qufi trinh chitft trich vft chtft MCB, ky thuft phfin tfch, cung nhfl cfic ytfu ttf vl sinh IJ (gitfng bl, giai dogn cho sfla) vfi mli truing (thflc fln).
Khi dflpc trfch tfl sfla tfldi chUa qua chtf bitfn trong dilu kifn phlng thf nghifm, vft chfi't MCB thu dupc chda dtfn 64-72% lipid, trong stf nfiy c6 t h i den 70% lfi lipid trung tinh (triacylglyride) vfi 22-28% lfi protein (Fong vft cIng sU, 2007, Le vfi cfng si^, 2009).
Diglycerides chitfm 2,1 % (Fong vft cfng sfl, 2007) vft monoglycerides chitfm 0,4 - 1,6 % ciia tdng lipids (Chandan vfi cfng sy, 1971, Fong vfi cpng sy, 2007). Ty If cao cua lipid trung tfnh (triglycerides) trong t i n g lipid cl t h i lfi do loai chtft bio nfiy trong tfim cua cfiu bio bj
trfch theo MCB trong qufi trinh chitft trie (Walstra, 1985).
2.1. Cfic hprp chfit lipid ciia mfing cfiu bfio Phfin lipid ti^ nhiln ciia MCB chfla chu ytf lfi lipid phfin cdc O^ao gdm phospholipids v sphingolipids) nhfl dfi d l cfp. Chdng lfi nhiJn phfin tfl gdm duli kj nfldc vfi dfiu Ua nUd(
Nhflng phfin til nfiy ding gfip phfin Iln vfio tfn chtft nhfl tfldng hofi cua mfing. CIng thflc phfi]
tfl ciia cfic lipid phfin ci^c dupc cho trong Hinh 1 NhQng ctfu phfin chfnh ciia nhim lipid phfin cU trong MCB lfi phosphati dylcholine (PC), 35%
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 30'.^
sphingomyelin (SM), 25%; phosphatidylinositc (PI), 5%; phosphatidylserine (PS), i%
glucosylceramide (GluCer), lactosylceramid (LacCer) vfi gangliosides thi chi hifn difn b hfin lupng rtft n h i (Danthine vft cfng sfl, 2000 Deeth, 1997). Sfic kJ ling cao fip ktft hpp v6 mfiy d l dpc phfin tfin finh sfing cua ding qua cf sau khi btfc hdi dung mli (HPLC - evaporativi hght-scattering detector) lfi mft trong nhilni phfldng phfip hflu hifu d l xfic djnh thfinh phfii hpid phfin cUc cua MCB n i i rilng hay cfic sai phfim sQa ndi chung (Le vfi cfng sfl, 2011a).
2.2. Cfic p r o t e i n c u a MCB
Phfin protein cua MCB chitfm 1-2% tdni protein trong sfla vft thftnh phfin cua protein Bang 1. Thfinh p h a n t r u n g binh Udc t i n h cua MCB (Walstra vfi c f n g sU, 2006)
Ciu phin mg/IOOg ciu bfio g/IOOg vOt criit khd ciia MCB
Protein
Phospholipids + sphingolipids Cerebrosides Cholesterol Monoglycerides Nu&c Carotenolds + VIIA Fe Cu
1800 650 80 40 +•
0.04 n^,30 0,01
70
Ting
Gbi chu: +'; cd tSn tfJ, nhttng bim Itiifng chiia hi^t
w
L I Tmng Thiln, Biii Vfin Miln
(A) P h o s p h o l i p i d s (B) Sphingolipids
- C H , C H , I | I - M « Pl<oaplitlUtleholln*(ni M f
- C H , C H , N H , t PtvaptitHiVOitiioltmlin fP
V"
—CHjHC.., nnupntNtfyftwfntfPSJ
- H PTKupAjiWieieldrMJ
Hinh 1. Cfi'u t r u e phfin tuf cua lipid p h a n cUc t r o n g sfla (Trich tfl Rombaut, 2006) (A) Ciu true khung cia cic phin t^ phospholipid }& glycerol trong dd hai axit bio dii(fc este hda t%i vj trisn-l vasn~2. Nhdm hydroxyl tha ba diiijc lidn kit vdi 1 mpt g&c phosphate. C&c nhdm hau c0 khic nhau ed thSgdn vdi gSc phosphate niy di t^o thinh cic phospholipid khie nhau. (B) Dan vj khung cia sphingolipid Ii mpt baza sphingoid, mpt amine bio m^eh dii cl2-22, cbaa 2 hoic 3 nhdm hydroxyl. Khi nhdm amino cua sphingosine dupc lidn kit vdi mdt axit hdo thi ceramide diii^ hinh thinh.
Mpt nhom phosphate hiiu cO ca the dxiifc hen kit vdi dan vj ceramide di t^o nin mpt sphingopbosphoHpid (vd., sphingomyelin dupc hinh thinh khiphosphocholine di/pc USn kit v&o).Cacabdm saccharide cd thiditoc lien kit vio de binh thinh cac hpp chit glycosphingoUpid (vd., glycosylceramides).
1 MCB rtft khac bift so vli thfinh phfin chung cua
protein trong huytft tUdng sfla (Riccio, 2004).
Khi dflpc tach diln di dflng polyacrylamide gel vli sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE) vfi nhulm bang (3oomassie Xanh, MCB cl the dflpc tach thanh 7 - 1 0 dai chinh (Hinh 2).
Nhflng protein chfnh cua MCB bao gdm mucin 1 (MUCl), xanthine dehydrogenase/
oxidase (XDH/XO), PASIII hay cin dflpc gpi Jfi mucmlS (MUCIS), cluster of differentifiti^n 36 (CD36), periodic acid schiff 6/7 (PAS6/7) hay cin dflpc gpi lfi lactadherin, adipophilin (ADPH), butyrophihn (BTN) vfi proteose peptone 3 (PPS).
Vfit chat MCB cin chfla rtft nhilu protein khfic, trong so nfiy bao gdm enzyme, immuno- globulins, protein d ngudn gtfc tfl ttf bfio chtft cua nhihig ttf bfio bilu m l tfl tuytfn sfla, protein tfl bgch cfiu vfi tfl huytft tUdng sfla (xem thim trong Le, 2012).
2 3
t
3' 3"
u • •
Hinh 2. SU p h a n tfich protein MCB d u n g dien di (Le, 2012; Le vfi cfng sfl, 2011b) J- saa giy, 2 - chi thi idiH lii<;ng phin til, 3. 3' vi 3"- dai phin tich cia MCB cbiit trfch tU sHa tuoi (3 - nhudm vdi Coomaasie Xanb, 3' - nhupm vdi PAS - chit nhupm chuydn bi$t cho glycoprotein, 3"- nhupm vdi cbSii nhupm bac)
NhOng tinh chfit d Ipl cho su'C khie cua cfic cfiu phfin tO mfing cfiu bfio cia sO'a
3. CAU TRUC CLIA M A N G CAU B^O
Oul« IrmiT MFGM MFGM Doubl* Layer Monoiey"
O-llnksd Qlyoini
N-linhec) Olyoans BTN
Hinh 3. Minh liou gian ddn ciia .MfM (Uewcttinck va cfng sU. 2008) Do qufi trinh ty nhiln trong hinh thfinh vfi
dupc titft ra ciia hgt cfiu bio tfl tuytfn sfla, MCB dflpc cfi'u thfinh tfl S idp phfin bift. Tfnh tfl trong tfim chat bio ra ngofii, 1 - lip phan each bin trong, 2 - lip dfic cua protein vfi bin ngofii cflng lfi 3 - lip mfing doi (Hinh 3). Vfit chfi't ttf bfio cl t h i hi ket gifla lip 2 vfi Idp mfing doi bin ngofii trong qua trinh titft sfla vfi tgo ra nhflng bing lull Ulm chfla vfit chfi't ttf bfio, gpi lfi 'cytoplasmatic crescents' (Hinh 3).
Trong MCB, cfic phfin tfl protein sfip xtfp bfi't dtfi xflng (K^nno, 1990). Adipophilin (ADPH), mpt protein cl fii Iflc cao vli triglylcerides, dupc djnh vj trong lip ddn bin trong. XDH/XO nfim sat be mfit cua lip ddn bin trong vfi protein nfiy dupc liln ket chft ch5 vli BTN, mft protein xuyen mang vfi vli ADPH. Vfi nhU vfiy, 3 protein nfiy lfim bin cfi'u true ciia MCB. NhQng protein khac nhu lfi PAS6/7 thi djnh vj tgi phfin ben ngoai cua mfing (protein ngogi vi). Mft stf protein, nhfl la MUCl, mpt protein nfi mfing, dflpc dulng hoa (glycosylated) 3 mflc df cao (Mather, 2000). H^t cfiu bfio mang difn tich fim tren btf mflt (Michalski vfi cfng sU, 2005).
Cfic phan tfl lipid cflng dupc sfip xtfp bfi't dli xflng. Nhflng phfin tfl phospholipid chfla choline cy t h i lfi phosphatidylcholine vfi sphingomyelin
vfi cfic phfin tfl glycolipid, cerebroside va gangliosides thi phfin Iln lfi nfim phfa ben ngofii ciia mfing dli, trong khi phosphatidyl- ethanolamine, phosphatidylserine vfi phospha- tidylinositol thi phfin Iln lfi tfip trung phi'a mfit trong cua Idp dli (Deeth, 1997).
4. CHi;^T T A C H MCB
Vft chfi't MCB cl t h i dupc chil't tfich tfl sfla tUdi hof c cfic san phfim phy tfl san xufi't sfla nhU sfla bd hof c serum bd. Sfla bd thu dUpc tfl qufi trinh dfinh kem di san xutft bd. Khi bd dflpc lfim ning chay vfi ly tfim s l thu dflpc bio sfla khan (anhydrous milk fat) vfi serum bd.
Ntfu tfl sfla, phUdng phfip tfich - rda cl thi dupc dflng (Le vfi cfng sy, 2009, Ye vfi cfng sU, 2002). Ntfu tfl sfla bP vfi serum bd, vi lpc (microfiltration) titfp tuytfn d t h i dupc dflng di cl dfc vft chfi't MCB (Le vfi cfng su, 2010;
Sachdeva vfi Buchheim, 1997).
5. NHONG TINH CHAT C 6 LOl CHO Sl^TC KH6E COA CAC CAU PHAN CUA MCB 5.1. NhOmg t i n h chtft c6 l^i cho sijfc khoe cua p r o t e i n MCB
Nhflng logi glycoprotein cua MCB sfla bo dflpc chflng to trong cfic thf nghifm t r i n chuft
782
L I Tmng Thiln, Biii Vfin Miln
lfi cd kha nflng flc chtf nhilm vi khufin Helicobacter pylori, nhfin ttf gfiy ra bfnh vilm da dfiy man tinh tjp B vfi cung lfi nhfin to chfnh gay bfnh viem lolt bao tfl (peptic ulcer), ung thU da dfiy vfi u lymphl cl liln quan dtfn lip nhfiy (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) (Wang vfi cfng sy, 2001b). MUCl tfl sfla b l 1ft mpt protein dUdc du&ng hda mflc df cao. MUCl cl t h i chda dtfn 50% (wt/wt) carbohydrate, vdi axit sialic (30,5%), N-acetylglucosamine (22,3%), galactose (15,9%), N-acetyl- galactosamine (14,0%), mannose (11,1%) vfi fucose (5,8%) (Snow vfi cfng sfl, 1977). MUCl tfl sfla nguli vfi sQa bo diu d kha nfing flc chtf sy bfim dfnh cua rotavirus, nguyin nhfin chfnh gfiy viem da dfiy - ruft (gastroenteritis) b t r i sP sinh vfi tre em nho tudi vfi bao vf t r i dang bd mp khoi nhi^m rotavirus trifu chdng (Bojsen vfi cpng sy, 2007, Kvistgaard vfi cfng sy, 2004).
Nhtlng phfin tfl glycoprotein liln ktft trUc titfp vli rotavirus vfi sy lien ktft virdt-glycoproteln nay phy thulc phfin Idn vfio sfl tupng tfic vli cac oUgosaccharide cua axit sialic (Yolken vfi cfng sU, 1987). Tfich cac nhom carbohydrates ra khoi MUCl se lam mfi't di dfc tinh chtfng virut ciia protein nfiy (Yolken vfi d ^ g sU, 1992).
MUCl tfl sfla ngUcfi dupc bfio cao lfi cd the ngan ngtta vi nit Norwalk bfim vfio thfinh ruft (Ruvoen-Clouet vfi cfng sy, 2006). MUCl tfl sfla nguli dupc phat hiln cd kha nfing flc chtf nhilm vi rut HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) tJp 1 vao te bfio CEM-SS trong thi nghilm vli ttf bfio nuoi ctfy (Habte vfi cfng sU, 2008). Protein nfiy ciing d t h i ddng gip vai tro quan trpng trong viec phong ngfla sU truyen HIV tfl mp sang con do protein nfiy canh tranh vli vi rdt de liln ktft vdi cd quan nhfn cam cua ttf bfio hinh cfiy (dendretic cell receptors) (Saeland vft cfng sfl, 2009). MUCl tfl sfla b l dflpc cho thtfy d t h i ngan ngfla, mot each phy thufc vfio lUdng dflng, sy bam dinh cua cfic vi khufin gay bfnh dfling rult (Escherichia coli. Salmonella enterica serovar Typliimurium, Staphylococcus aureus vfi Bacillus subtilis) vfio ttf bfio ruft ngflli (ttf bfio Caco-2) trong nhflng thi nghilm nuli ctfy ttf bfio vfi tinh chtft nfiy cua MUCl giam xutfng ntfu xd IJ protein nfiy vli enzyme sialidase (Parker vfi cfng sU, 2010).
PAS6/7 cl t h i ding vai tro trong qufi trinh phfit triln cua hf thtfng miln dich ruft cua tre mli sinh (Bu vfi cfng sy, 2007). Vli nhflng thf nghifm trong tfng nghilm, Kvistgaard va cpng sfl (2004) chi ra rfing PAS6/7 tfl MCB sQa ngflli cl khfi nflng dc chtf sif nhilm rotavirus Wa trong khi PAS6/7 tfl MCB sfla bl khing cd kha nflng nfiy. Tuy nhiln, trong mit nghiin ciiu gfin dfiy, PAS6/7 tfl sfla b l t h i hiln hifu Iflc giam nhilm chung rotavirus MO trong ca thf nghilm trin ttf bfio nuli cfi'y vfi ca trong thf nghifm tren cO t h i stfng cua chuft (Inagaki vfi cfng sU, 2010). Qua nhflng ktft qua nghiin cflu vfla tim lupc, MUCl vfi PAS6/7 dupc xem lfi mft thfinh phfin hfla hgn bd sung vfio thUc phfim nhfim ngfin ngfla con nguli nhilm rotavirus vfi cac vi khufin gfiy bfnh dUing ruft khac. PAS6/7 dUdc san xutft trong mft so mo khfic nhau trong cd t h i (Andersen va cfng sU, 1997) vfi sU dien djch (expression) cfla protein nfiy trong nao d t h i co lpi trong vifc giup giam sfl phfit triln bfnh Alzheimer (Boddaert vft cong sU, 2007).
CD36 lfi glycoprotein chfla axit polysialic (Vabe vfi cfng sfl, 2003). Titft CD36 trong sfla dat ndng df cao nhfit tgi thli dilm khoang 1 thang sau sinh con va nhu vfiy protein nfiy dflpc d l xutft lfi n l ding vai tro trong sy phfit fxien cua tre sd sinh (Yabe vfi cpng sy, 2003). Protein nfiy cl liln quan trong qufi trinh bilt hoa va tflng truing, vfin chuyin lipid vfi chuyin hofi trong ttf bao (Spitsberg vfi cfng sy, 1995).
Lactophoricin, mot peptide difn tich dUdng vli 23 ddn vj axft amino cd ngudn goc tfl PPS, dUdc cho thtfy lfi cl kha nflng flc chtf sU phfit triln cua mpt vfii loai vi khufin Gram dUdng (Streptpcoccus thermophilus) vfi Gram fim (Salmonella). PPS dflpc thtfy lfi khing cl kha nfing flc chtf E. coli (Campagna vfi cfng sy, 2004) nhUng cd the lfim giam nhiem rotavirus (Inagaki vfi cfng sfl, 2010).
D ^ vli BTN, khing d hoat tfnh chong vi sinh vft nao dupc bfio cfio. Protein nfiy d thi vita gay ra vfla flc chtf sfl phat triln ciia vilm nao tuy tfl mien dich thf i^hilm (Experimental Autoimmune Encephatomyelitis), bfnh mfi d cfic trifu chfli^ lfim sftng tfldng ti^ nhfl da xd cflng mfing nao (multiple sclerosis) 3 ngUli (Stefferl va cpng sfl, 2000).
783
NhQng tinh chfit cd lpi cho sue khde cua d c cfiu phfin Kr mfing cfiu bio cOa sOa
Bang 2. Nhftng anh hUdng k h i di dtfn sflc khod tit vifc t i l u thy cfic ctfu phfin MCB
ciu phin KL phfin ti> (kDa) Tfil lidu tham khio dgi dl$n NhO'ng glycoprotein cia MCB
(d(ic bidt Id nhO'ng protein du'g'c sialic hofi)
Uctadherin (PAS6/7)
Butyrophllln (BTN)
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDHfflO)
l>c chi nhlfim Hallcabaciar pylori
Protein Hfin kit axit bdo (Fatty 13 add binding protein - FABP)
Protein nhgy cim tuyp 1 ung thir vO (Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein - BRCA1) Protein nhgy cfim tuyp 2 ung thu vO (Breast cancer type 2 ausceptbllity protein - BRCA2) Proteose peptone 3 (PP3)
Bio vd ching nhlim rotavirus Bio vd ching nhlim rotavirus vl rtil Nonralk NgBn cin sy bim dinh cOa vl khuin giy bdnh dirfrng niOt thdng thud'ng {Escherichia coll.
Salmonolla Bntorlca serovar TypNmurlum, Staphylococcus aureus v i Bacillus subtilis) vfio thinh mOt ngu'di
l>c chi nghlim HIV vfi cd Ihl ngin cfln sy buyin HIV tO mg eang con cdn bO 06 thi cd Hdn quan trong qufi trlnh phfit triln hd miln dich mdt cCa Iri mdi sinh, duy b\ vfi si>al» biiu md rudt
Ngdn nhlim rotavlms vfio mdt
Ngfin 8(r bfim dinh cila E. coll vfio b i mdt ruOt Cd vai trd trong phfit triin bfinh Alzheimer Ngfin da xc ci>ng mfing nfio (multiple sclerosis)
Gfiy ra hode diiu biin vlfim ndo tu^ ty miSn djch (Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) Anh hi/dmg qufi trinh sinh bdnh trong bdnh tifinh vy ty k^
Chit didt khuin (bactericidal agent)
Wang vfi cOng sy (2001b)
Bojsen vfi cdng sy (2007) Ruvoen-Clouet vfi cdng sv (2006) Pariter vfi cOng sy (2010)
t>c chi phfit triln t i bfio
Nhfin t i ching ung thv (FABP nhi/ mdt chit mang selenium)
(Tc chd ung thir vii (sua DNA bj tin hgi)
CTC chi ung thi/ vii
18-30/ l>c chi phfit triin cila Salnnnella
Saeland vd cdng sv (2009) Bu vfi cdng ay (2007)
Inagaki vfi cdng BV (2010) Shahriar vfi cdng si/ (2006) Boddaert (2007) Guggenmoe vd cdng sy (2004) Johns vfi Bernard (1999); Stelferi vfi cdng sv (2000)
VcjdanI vfi cdng sv (2002) Martin vfi cOng sv (2004)
Spltsbena vfi cdng sy (1995) Whanger (2004) Spitsberg (2005)
Daniels vfi cdng se (2004)
Campagna vfi cOng sv (2004)
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)
Other components Chit ire chi ^-glucuronidase Phosphoproteins
Ngfin nhlim rotavlnjs
Dirgv dofin lfi cd vai trd trong sv phfit triin cOa tri so sinh
CTC chi ung thv niOt gifi (colon cancer) Ngudn cung cip phit pho/ camdum ph&t phat hlhjcv
(Inagaki vfi cdng sy. 2010) Yabe vfi cOngsv (2003)
Ito vfi cdng sy, (1993) Spitsberg vfi Gorewit (1997)
Phong theo vi cd mdrpng til Dewettinck vi cpng aif (2008) vk Spitsberg &00B)
LS Tmng Thiln, Biii Vfin MiSn
Cl bfing chdng cho thtfy lfi FABP 3 ndng df rfi't thtfp da cd t h i flc chtf si^ phfit triln cua vfii ding ttf bfio ung thfl vd trong nhflng thf nghifm trong tfng nghifm (Spitsberg vfi Gorewit, 2002, Spitsberg vfi cfng sU, 1995). Do tinh chtft nhfl vfiy, nhflng tfic gia nfiy da d l xufi't vifc dflng MCB nhfl vft chfi't b l sung trong thyc phfim dl ngfin ngfla sfl phfit triln cua ung thfl cl nguli, dfc bilt lfi ung thfl vu. Protein nhgy cam ung tiiU vu tJp 1 (BRCAl) vft tJp 2 (BRCA2) da dupc phfit hifn lfi cl hiln difn trong MCB (Vissac vfi cfng sU, 2002). Nhflng protein nfiy trong cd t h i nguli dflpc bitft dtfn nhu nhflng chfi't chfn khtfi u (tumor suppressor) trong ung thu vd vi nhflng protein nfiy cd liln quan dtfn qua trinh sfla Hi DNA mfic dfiu BRCA2 d thim mft chflc nfing nhu mit trong nhflng nhfin ttf dilu khiln tri^c tiep cua sy phfin bfio (cytokinesis) (Daniels vfi cfng sU, 2004).
Cfic tfnh chtft cl hen quan dtfn sdc khie ciia protein MCB dflpc tdm lupc 3 Bang 2. Nhu da d l cfip, MCB chfla mft stf lupng rfi't Iln protein hpn lfi nhflng protein dupc nhfic dtfn. Dfiy lfi linh vyc chfla dupc khfim phfi htft dfinh cho nhflng nghiin cdu trong tUdng lai. Nhu da phfin tfch 3 tren, hilu qua ngan chan sfl bam dinh ciia vi khufin, vi rdt gay blnh dfldng ruft phy thufc vao ctfu tnic carbohydrate cua cfic phan td glycoprotein. Ket qua cua cac thf nghifm tilu hoa trong tfng nghiem cho thfi'y phfin dfing k l cua MUCl, PAS6/7, PASIH khing bi thuy phan bii pepsin trong dilu kifn pH tfldng ttf nhu trong bao tfl. Dfc biet, mit phfin cl J nghia cua MUCl khing bj thuy phfin sau khi bi xfl IJ vli cac enzyme trong ca dilu kiln bao tfl vfi ruft non (Le vfi cfng sfl, 2012). Nhfl vfiy tinh chtfng bam ciia protein nfiy co kha nfing lfi dUdc duy tri suot dulng bao tfl - ruft non - ruft gifi.
5.2. Nhihig t i n h c h a t cd IpTi cho suFc khde ciia lipid phfin cUc c u a MCB
Khing nhu cfic phfin tut protein MCB, khi nifi cac anh hfling dtfn sflc khoe dupc xfic djnh hfiu htft qua thf nghilm trong tfng nghifm vfi thf nghiem tren cd t h i stfng ding vft, mot vfii ctfu phfin chtft bio phfin cUc da dflpc dflng nhfl nhdng Ufu phap chfla bfnh do cfic tfnh chtft cl tinh chfla blnh ciia cac phan td nfiy.
Sphingomyelin (SM) tfl thyc phfim dupc tim thtfy lfi cd ddng gdp vfio qufi trinh myelin hoa cila hf thtfng thfin kinh trung Udng trong chuft dang phfit triln mfi trong dl enzyme serine palmitoytransferase, mft enzyme giii hgn ttfc df qufi trinh sinh tdng hpp sphingolipid, bj flc chtf khing cho hogt dfng (Oshida vfi cfng sU, 2003). Cflng trong nhQng thf nghifm trin chult, sphingolipids dflpc cho thtfy lfi gfiy flc chtf qufi trinh sinh ung thu ruft gifi (Schmelz vfi cfng sy, 1996). Anh hfling bfio vf chtfng ung thfl nfiy cua sphingolipid tfl thflc fin dfi dflpc cung ctf qua thf nghifm cho chuft cai sfla Fischer-S44 fin hon hpp MCB (Snow vfi cfng sy, 2010). Cd chtf kha dl cua tfic dyng nfiy lfi sphingolipid tfl thflc fin bfl lgi khuytft tft truydn tfn hifu cua sphingolipid, mft qufi trinh quan trpng trong ung thfl (Berra vfi cfng sy, 2002).
Nhihig phfin tfl sphingohpid cung cl liln quan dtfn si^ htfp thu cholesterol. Sphingomyelin dupc tim thtfy lfim giam sy htfp thu cua cholesterol vfi chtft bio vfio ruft cua chuft (Noh vfi Koo, 2004). Cfic logi sphingohpid, vi thtf, lfim thtfp ndng dl cholesterol vfi triglycerides (TG) trong huytft thanh vfi bao vf gan khoi chdng rdulm m l gay ra bdi chtft bio vfi cholesterol (Duivenvoorden vfi cfng sU, 2006). Tuy nhiln, hifu flng giam ndng dl trojig huytft thanh cua cac hpp chtft nfiy khong t h i hiln ro rfing trong nguli khi nhflng nguli nfiy dfldc tilu thy cIng thflc sfla bd cl ndng do SM cao (Oldsson vfi cfng sy, 2009). Nhflng san phfim sinh ra tfl qufi trhih tilu hofi cfic phan tfl sphingolipid dUpc phat hiln lfi cl hogt tfnh chtfng vi khufin vli vfii vi khufin gfiy bfnh qua thyc phfim vft vi vfiy nhflng san phfim dd d the bao vf cd t h i khdi viem da dfiy vfi ruft do duIng thyc phfim (Sprong vfi cfng sfl, 2002).
Trong cd thi, PS dflpc tf p trung hfiu htft tgi nhiing cd quan cd boat dpng trao ddi chtft cao, vi dy nhu trong nao, gfin vfi cfic m l xUdng. PS dUpc djnh vj chu ytfu I lip bin trong cua mfing te bfio vft cl nhilu chflc nfing v l cfi'u tnic vft dilu chinh, nhu trong dilu bitfn hoat dfng cua cd quan cam nhfin (receptors), kinh inon (ion channel), cac enzyme vfi cfic phfin tfl truyen tfn hifu vft d liln quan trong kiem sofit tfnh lUu dfng cua
Nhirng ^Inh chfit d lpi cho sdc khie ciia d c cfiu phfin tCr mfing cfiu bio cOa sO'a
mfing (Starks vfi cfng sy, 2008). PS dfi dflpc d l xufi't lfi cl chflc nfing nhfl mft chfi't dilu khiln nhflng tfn hifu mifin djch vfi chtfng vilm (Gaitonde vfi cfng sy, 2011). NhQng nghiin cflu lfim sfing da chi ra rfing, tilu thy PS cl t h i lfim giam nguy cd chflng mfi't tri (dementia) vfi hogt dfng nhfn thflc bfi't thudng (cognitive dysfunction, thufc logi bfnh Alzheimer) 3 ngflli gifi (Pepeu vfi cfng sy, 1996). PS d ngudn gtfc dfu nfinh lfi chfi't bd sung dinh dddng an tofin cho ngflli gifi khi tilu thy dtfn 200 mg 3 lfin mfii ngfiy (Jorissen vfi cfng si^, 2002). Nhflng nghiin cflu v l dflpc IJ vfi finh hfling lfim sfing cda PS Iln hf thtfng thfin kinh trung Udng (CNS) dfi dflpc dilm lgi (Pepeu vfi cfng si^, 1996). NhQng phfit hifn mli dfiy ml ra li^a chpn ddng PS rilng hofc diing ktft hpp vli omega-3 trong kilm sofit trifu chflng tfing dfng giam chd J 3 t r i em (Vaisman vfi cfng si^, 2008).
Vfii nghiin cdu vli kilm sofit m l u trtfn an, fip dung phUdng phfip mfl dli vfi dflpc ngfiu nhiln hoa (randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled studies) da chi ra rfing PC vfi PS d the cai thiln kha lifing chPi t h i thao vft d t h i lfi chtft bd sung hifu qua d l chtfng lai stress gfiy ra do the thao/lao dfng qufi mflc vft ngfin chfin nhiing buy hoai v l sinh IJ do lao df ng/thi thao qufi mflc (Starks vfi cfng sfl, 2008). Thing tin thim ve tfic dyng nfiy ciia PS cflng nhfl cd chtf tac dfng cl t h i xem thim trong bfii dilm bfio ciia Kingsley (2006).
PC vfi SM lfi ngudn choline, 1ft dinh dudng thitft ytfu cho con ngUli vi choline cl liln quan dtfn qufi trinh phfit triln nao (Blusztajn, 1998).
PC cl hilu qua trong h i trp si^ khli phyc gan sau khi bj bfl hogi do vi rdt hofc dfc chtft (Niederau vfi cfng si^, 1998). PC lfi mft ctfu phfin quan trong hf thtfng tilu hofi dg dfiy - ruft. Vifc dfla PC vfio bfing dUing mifng d t h i giflp duy trt hfing rfio kj nu6c bao vf vfi che ch3 cho lip nhfiy thfinh bao td - ruft khoi tfic hgi gay ra b3i thudc chtfng vilm vfi hofi chfi't khfic (Stremmel vfi cfng si^, 2010) vft cung ngfln can sy xfim hai cua mudi mft dtfn mfing vfi bilu m l cua r u l t - da dfiy (gastrointestinal epithelia) (Dial vfi cfng sd, 2008). PC vfi LysoPC cho thtfy anh hulng chtfng vilm trong vilm lolt ruft ktft
(ulcerative colitis), mft si^ rtfi logn vilm kinh niln cda ruft gift (Hartmann vfi cfng sd, 2009, Tokes vfi cfng sy, 2010). Vdi nhflng thtt nghifm theo phddng phfip md kip (double-blind trial), PC cho thtfy d tilm nfing cflu stfng bfnh nhfin bj ngf dfc ntfm mii chtft (death cap mushroom), tdn thfldng gan do rflpu vfi vi rdt hepatitis B (Kidd, 2002a). PC an tofin vfi cd t h i titfp nhfn ttft vli lupng t r i n mft vfii gram sii dyng hfing ngfiy vft cflng khing dfit d l san xutft thfinh thi^c phfim chflc nflng (Kidd, 2002b). Anh hfling dUpc IJ ciia PC cflng vli cd chtf hogt dfng, lilu diing vfi tfic dyng phy d t h i dpc t h i m 3 chuyin khao ciia Kidd (2002a). Mft chuyin khao v l PS cung sSn cl (Anonymous, 2008).
Nhdm ganglioside gdm cfic phfin tii glycosphingoUpid chfla siahc. Nhiing hpp chtft nfiy, mfc dfl tdn tgi d ndng df thtfp, dflpc tin lfi rtft quan trpng trong phfit triln hf miln djch dudng ruft vfi nao bf ciia t r i sd sinh. Tfl ktft qua ciia nhQng thf nghifm cho chuft fin, Vazquez vfi cfng sfl (2001), Clandinin vft cfng sU (2005) vfi Park vfi cfng sy (2006) d l xutft rfing gangUoside tfl thflc fin lfim tfing ttfc qufi trlnh tru3ng thfinh hf miln djch ruft trong qufi trinh cai sfla. Cfic phfin tfl ganglioside tfl sfla ngUdi dflpc tim thtfy lfi cl liln quan dtfn vifc flc chtf dfc ttf dfldng mft do Escherichia coli vfi Vi6rio cholerae (Idota vfi Kawakami, 1995). Cfic hpp chtft ganglioside cflng dupc phfit hifn lfi ngfin can sfl bfim dfnh ciia HeUcohacter pylori dtfn ttf bfio bilu ml bao tfl (Wada vfi cfng sy, 2010). Nhflng ktft qua nfiy chi ra rfing cfic hpp chtft ganglioside tfl sfla me cl t h i ding mft vai tro quan trpng trong bao vl t r i sd sinh khli tilu chay gfiy ra do dfc ttf dfling ruft. Cfic phfin td ganglioside t r i n b l mfit ttf bfio cl t h i hogt dfng nhfl nhiing dilm cam nhfin 'khing di^ djnh' cho sy dfnh ktft cua vi khufin vfio nhflng m l cy t h i (Idota vfi Kawakami, 1995). Cd chtf chfnh kha (& mft qua dd cfic hpp chtft ganglioside (chfla axft sialic) d t h i ngfin nhilm lfi do cfic hpp chtft nfiy khi bd sung td thflc fin d till ddng vai nhfl lfi dilm cam nhfn gia vfi gfiy trS nggi cho sy dfnh ktft ciia vi khiifin vfio ruft (Rueda, 2007). Suh vfi cfng sy (2004) cflng tim thfi'y rfing cho chuft fin khfiu phfin ho sung gangUoside Ifim giam nhilm Giardia muns
786
Lfi Trung Thiln. Biii Vfin Miln
(mft logi k J sinh trdng) khi u chuft vli logi k J sinh trflng nfiy so vli khfiu phfin fin dtfi chflng.
Thi nghilm trong nghiin cflu ciia nhflng tfic gia dl cung chi ra rfing cfic hpp chfi't ganglioside cl tfnh dfc trflc titfp dtfn k J sinh triing (Suh vfi cpng sy, 2004). Trong mft thf nghifm lfim sfing cho tre sP sinh tilu thy d n g thflc thdc fin dflpc bd sung ganglioside, Rueda vfi cfng sU (1998) tim thtfy rfing cfic hdp chtft ganglioside vdi ndng dl bfing vdi ndng df trong sfla ngflli thay ddi mpt cfich cl y nghia hf vi sinh vft trong mfiu phan; cu t h i la lfim tflng hfim lUpng Bi&dobacteria (nhfin to prebiotic) vfi giam hfim lupng Escherichia coli. Ganglioside tfl thflc fin cl t h i kich thich qufi trinh phfit triln sfl miln djch r u l t 3 tre sd sinh vfi ktft qua lfi lfim giam nhiSm trong giai doan dfiu thli gian Iln Un cua tre (Rueda, 2007).
Trong dfng vft d vd bao gdm nguli, nao bf chfla cao nhtft hfim lupng tUdng dH cua cfic hpp chtft gangUoside, cy t h i lfi trong mfing ttf bfio thfin kinh gangUoside tfip trung trong khu vUc mfing sinap. Nao nguli chfla nhieu axft siaUc 2 - 4 Ifin hdn so vli nao dfng vfit d vd khfic, bao gdm ca vupn/ tinh tinh (Wang vfi cfng sfl, 1998).
Cac hdp cha't gangUosides dflpc bitft den nhfl mpt dulng chtft thitft ytfu cho phfit trien thfin kinh, di chuyin vfi truing thfinh, san sinh ndron, qua trinh sinap (eynaptogenesis) vfi qufi trinh myelin hda (McJarrow vft cfng sy, 2009).
Bii vi gan, cd quan c l the tong hpp axit sialic tfl glc dulng ddn, ciia tre mdi sinh tfldng dli chfla trfling thfinh vfi do sU sinh tru3ng vfi phat triln nhanh chdng cua nao, ngudn axit sialic tfl thflc fln cl the ddng vai t r i trong vile xfic djnh nong dp cull ciing cua siahc trong nao vfi c l t h i anh hulng kha nflng hpc hfinh cua t r i nho (Wang vfi cfng sfl, 2001a). Da c l bfing chiing tfl nhiJng nghiin cflu tren dpng vfit cho rang bd sung sialic d Uen quan dtfn sfl tflng Un hfim Iflpng cac hpp chtft gangUoside trong nao vfi cai thifn kha nflng nhd vfi hpc (Wang vfi cfng sy, 2007). De tim hilu thim v l tilm nfing diing gangioside nhfl Ulu phfip can thifp chfla bfnh (therapeutic intervention), die gia c l the tham khao cac bfii dilm bfio (McJarrow vfi cfng sU, 2009, Rueda, 2007). Nhflng tinh chtft liln quan den sdc khie
khfic cua lipid phfin ci;(c cd t h i xem trong bai dilm bfio cua Dewettinck vfi cfng sfl ( 6. KET LUAN
Nhilu ctfu phfin c l lpi cho sflc khoe bao gdm cua ca cfic Upid phfin cflc vfi protein MCB da dupc phfit hifn. Thim vfio dl, MCB dUpc tin lfi vft chtft cl tfnh tgo nhfl ttft. Ttft ca cfic tfnh chtft nfiy Ifim cho MCB t r i thfinh nguyin Ufu cl tilm nfing d l dflng trong phfit triln thi^c phfim chdc nfing vfi thflc phfim chfla bfnh.
Ngfiy nay, sfl nhfn bitft cua nguli tilu ddng ve mtfi quan hf gifla tilu thy nhilu chtft bio no/bao hIa vfi cai thifn sflc khoe. Nguli tieu diing cl xu hulng thfch sfla gfiy vft cfic san phfim siia cl hfim lUpng bio thtfp thay cho sfla vfi cfic san phfim sQa nguyin bio. Su tfch hpp vft chtft MCB vfio sfla gfiy hofc cfic san phfim sfla CO hfim Iflpng chtft bio thtfp cl t h i giflp tflng mflc tilu thy nhflng lipid phfin cflc vfi protein cl Idi tfl MCB. Nhflng thfl thach cua cfich titfp cf n nfiy se lfi tfnh bin cua cfic san phfim mli v l IJ tfnh, hda tinh cung nhu sy chtfp nhfn cua nguli tilu diing. Sy chtfp nhfin cua ngUli tilu diing co t h i dupc danh gifi bfing cfic phfin tfch cam quan.
Cho dtfn hifn nay, cl khfi nhilu bfing chflng cho rfing cac ctfu phfin ciia MCB bao vf cd till khoi bi nhilm vfi ddng gdp vfio qua trinh phfit triln nao, h i miln djch dulng ruft trong giai dogn dfiu cua tre nhi. VI vfy, cfin quan tfim dtfn ndng df vfi tfnh chtft cua cfic ctfu phfin MCB trong sfla d n g thflc cho tre sd sinh.
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