NGHIEN CCru-TRAOD6|
M mT
MOT SO VAN DE GIAO DUC PHAP LUAT VE PHONG, CHONG BAO Ll/C GIA DINH
NGUYEN KIM QUY
B$oltfl:0a^iihli. v^ dSmangtinh toin ciu, d6l^nhi6uh$.u qui choxahdh nhitli cic ddi tuQngyiu thSnhu ngudi gia, phu nu, trS em. (j Vi^t Nam, da c6 nbiSu vSn bin phip luitdiiu chinh vSvindiniy, tuy nhien, kiin tbiicvanh$n tbiicvibsio Iuc gia dinh cua ngudi din cung nhu nhtmg nguai c6 trich nhi$m trongx^h^i con h^ chi. Chinh vi v$y, hii viSt tap trung lim rd mdt sdvdn dSgiio due phip Iuat vS phdng chdng b^o luc gia dinh, tren ca s& dd dua ra nhung dixuit nhim thuc hi$n cdng tic tuyen tmyin cic bi$n phip phdng n^avi ngin chim, bio v$ n^ nhin bi b^o Iuc gia dmh, gdp phin thuc day subinh ding gidi trong xa hdi.
Domestic violence is a ^obal problem causing social consequences, especially affecting disadvantaged groups including elderly people, women, children. Vietnam has introduced many legal regulations to deal with that problem. However, public and authorities' awareness and knowledge of domestic violence is still limited. Therefore, the article focuses on education ofthe legislation on preventing and combating domestic violence, giving suggestions for coimnunication of measures to prevent, deter, protect victims of domestic violence, making contribution to gender equaUty in society.
1. Hinh thiic, ngi dung giao due phap dLrgc; bao luc vol phu nu, tre em...
luat v^ phong, chong bao luc gia dinh Bao luc gia dinh (BLGD) la mot dang Bao luc dugc hieu la dung siic manh de thuc cua bao luc xa hpi, la "hanh vi co y cua cuong biic, tran ap hoac lat do. Khai niem thanh vien gia dinh gay tdn hai hoac co kha nay de lam nguoi ta lien tuong toi cac boat nang gay tdn hai ve tbe cbat, tinh than, kinh dong chinh tri. nhung tren thuc te, bao luc te doi voi thanh vien khac trong gia dinh"
dugc coi nhu mpt phuong thiic hanh xii (Dieu I Luat Phong chong bao luc gia dinh trong cac quan he xa hoi noi chung. Cac (PCBLGD) nam 2007). Gia dinh la te bao mdi quan he xa hoi von rat da dang va phiic ^^^ ^^ hpi, la hinh dnic thu nho cua xa hpi tap nen hanh vi bao luc cung rat phong "^" ^^GD co the coi la hinh thiic thu nho phu, dugc chia thanh nhieu dang khac
nhau tiiy theo tung goc do nhin nhan: bao * ThS, Trung tam Ho tro' phat triln luc nhin thay va bao luc khong nhin thay Phu nu* Ha Noi
TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NL/dC - SO 255 {4/2017) ^M
NGHlENCOrU-TRAOOdl
cda bao luc xi hdi vdi nhieu dang thtic khic nhau. Chinh vi le dd, giio due phip luat (GDPL) ve PCBLGD li su tie ddng mdt cich cd td chiic theo mpt he thdng vi ed muc dieh rd ret len mdi thinh vien cua xi hpi nhim hinb thinh mpt cich ben vung y thiic phap luit ve PCBLGD vi nhOng tap quin, thdi quen tich cue trong mpi hanh vi xil su cua eon ngudi. Ndi cich khie, GDPL ve PCBLGD li boat ddng ed dinh hudng, cd td chuc, ed chil dich eua ehd the giio due thdng qua cac hinh thiic, phuang phip khae nhau tic ddng ddn ddi tucmg giio due mdt cich cd he thdng nhim hinh thanh d hp tri thiic ve gii tti phap luit, tinh cam, su tdn trpng phap luit va hinh vi phu hpp vdi phap luit ve PCBLGD, xiy dtmg Idi sdng vi vin hda phap luat.
a. Hinh thdc giao due phap luat vd phong, chdng bao lire gia dinh
GDPL ve PCBLGD ed the thuc hien thdng qua nhieu hinh thiic nhu: tip huin;
td chuc hpi thao; tpa dim ve PCBLGD; td chttc hpp din ve PCBLGD; phat thanh PCBLGD; phat td rtri npi dung phap luit vd PCBLGD; sinh boat Ciu lac bd phip luat ve PCBLGD; td chuc cae boat dpng van hda, van nghe (kich, ca hat,...): td chttc cic eudc thi tim hieu ve phap luat PCBLGD... Mdi hinh thdc deu cd tm, nhupe diem. Khdng cd binh thttc nao la phu hcip vi hoin toin hieu qua ddi vdi mpi dt'ii tucmg trong GDPL ve PCBLGD. Ching ban, hinh thtic td chiic hpi thiio phap luat ve PCBLGD cd the eoi la mdt trong nhiing phuong phap hieu qua nhat dupe su dung giiip nhieu ngudi chia se thdng tin, gdp y kien ve mdt van de PCBLGD va cd dupe giai phip. Phuang phap nay cho ngudi tham gia cd co hdi tang cudng chuyen mdn, dac biet lien quan den vai trd dinh hudng cpng dong ma hp cd the dupe ky vpng. Tuy nhien, sii dung phuang phap niy bi ban che bdi ddi hdi phai ed
thdi gian vi ngudn lire td chiic. Thein nOa, thinh cdng cua phucrng phip hdi thid phu thupc vao kha nang td chiie hpi thio hi6u qua cua cin bd tap huin vi trinh dp ciia did bleu tham gia de sii tuong tic ed y nghla ban. Do dd, trong qui trinh tuyen ttuy&, GDPL ve PCBLGD, chung ta cin hnh boat, ehu ddng vi sing tao, lua chpn eic hinh thtic GDPL dd hieu qua GDPL ve PCBLGD dat duac eao nhat.
b. Npi dung giao due phap luat ve phong, chdng bao luc gia dinh
Thue te, quan diem ve vin de BLGD ciia mdi nguoi dan trong cpng ddng rat khac nhau, din den nhidu hinh vi, thii dp xa hoi khie nhau, tham chi ddi nghich nhau. Thai dp ei nhan phan inh thang gii tri ea nhan hoae gii tri van hda eua cdng ddng. Tuy nhien, thang gii tti ei nhan ddi lue khie vdi thang gia tti cua nhdm/cpng ddng. Do do, trong edng tie giio due cpng ddng vi PCBLGD, nhiing ngudi lam edng tac xa hdi/cpng tie vien ciin chu y ddn van hoa dia phuang, tip quan din tde, kien nhan vii dan ehii de truyen ba nhiing gii tri mdi.
Nhiing thdng tin ve BLGD, cic van bin luat phap lien quan den BLGD li npi dung chi yeu eda giao due edng ddng trong PCBLGD.
Theo Dieu 10 Iuat PCBLGD nim 2007, npi dung thdng tin, tuyen truyen ve PCBLGD gdm ed: chinh saeh, phap luatve PCBLGD, binh dang gidi, quyen vi nghia vu ciia cic thanh viijn gia dinh; truyen thdng tdt dep cua con ngudi, gia dinh Viet Nam; tic hai cua BLGD; bien phap, mo hinh, kinh nghiem trong PCBLGD; kifo thiic ve hdn nhan vi gia dinh; ky nang ung xu, xay dung gia dinh van hda. Ngoai ra, cdn cd cie npi dung khae lien quan ddn PCBLGD, nhu: ky nang tu kiem soil, tu kiem che va tu bao ve ddi viii phu nd va nam gidi, kien thtic ve binh dang gidi, bai binh dang gidi,...
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Ti^P CHi QUAN L* NHA Nl/<3C - SO 255 (4/20171NGHIEN CCTU-TRAO 0 6 l c. Ddi tuang giio due phap luat vd
phdng, chdng bao luc ga dmh GDPL PCBLGD nhim nang cao nhin thtic cho xi hdi li glal phip nhieu nudc thuc bien vdi muc tieu phd bidn kidn thtic, tang cudng nhan thtic ve van de BLGD.
Nhiing nhdm ddi tupng de GDPL vd PCBLGD bao gdm:
- Ddi tupng giy ra, ed khi ning gay ra BL(3D: la ddl tupng ein die biet Itm y trong edng tie GDPL ve PCBLGD, dd thudng la nhiing ngudi din dng, ngudi chdng ed nguy co eao su dung hanh vi bao liie nhung hp lai it dupe myen truydn giao due do it tham gia vio cie boat ddng giao due cdng ddng tai dia phuang nhiK it di hpp dan, it tham gia cic phong ttio tai dia phuang... tham chi khdng thiia nhin minh la ddi tupng gay ra BLGD.
Do vay, nam gidi can dupe thu hut vio tham gia GDPL vd PCBLGD de biet vi tdn trpng phu nii, hinh xii theo dao ly va phap lu'at, bidt dupe vi tri vi quyen ciia minh.
- Cdng ddng dan eu can phil dupe giio due: nang cao nhin thiic ring PCBLGD khdng phai ciu chuyen cua nan nhin bi BLGD, cua mdi gia dinh mi li eua toan xa hdi, giup eho nhung ngudi dan (dac biet li nam gidi) cd the nang eao nhan thue hinh vi de hp san sang dtrng Iiin td eio BLGD, sin sing bio ve nan nhin cua BLGD.
- Can bp thue hien cdng tie lien quan tiii PCBLGD, bao gdm; can bp y te, giao due, cdng an, hpi phu nii, chinh quyen dia phuong, cac td chuc doan the... Can bd tuyen huyen, xi va thdn, can bp y te cin dupe bdi dudng kien thiie phap luat ve hdn nhan gia dinh va quyen phu nu. Dieu nay giup nhimg can bp phat trien ky nang tuyen truyen, GDPL ve PCBLGD, giai quyet hpp ly cac trudng hop cu the.
- Luc lucmg tham gia vao cd ng tic GDPL ve PCBLGD d dia phuong, nhu: can bp xa hdi, can bd van hda, can bp phu ntt, ein bp
doin the khie (Doan Thanh nien, Hdi Ndng din, Mat Iran Td qude...). Cic luc lupng nay can dupe chu y trang hi kien thiic de lim tdt cdng tic tuyen truyen, giio due, ning eao nhin thiic, hinh vi ciia ngudi din trong mdt sd van de ve kien thirc ehung ve phip luit PCBLGD, nhdng quyen, loi ich hpp phap cda nan nhin bi BLGD, nhiing dich vu bd trp danh cho nan nhin bi BLGD, trich nhiem eua cac co quan chiie nang trong viec PCBLGD.
- Nan nhan bi BLGD: rat nhieu phu nii ludn cho ring bi ehdng ddnh, ming, ehui li chuyen "chdng bit cdn ed lue xd", dua ra nhieu ly do dd bao bien cho hinh vi BLGD eua chdng hay ngudi than trong gia dinh.
Die biet hinh vi BLGD vd tinh due thi dai da sd phu nu khdng cho dd la bi bao lue nen du khdng mudn nhtmg hp vin ehiu dtmg vi hanh phue gia dinh. Chinh vi vay, viee GDPL ve PCBLGD de ning eao nhan thtic eho nhiing nan nhan eua BLGD la rat can thiet, giup hp tu bio ve dupe ehinh minh, dam diing len td cao hinh vi BLGD...
Ddng thdi, cung cap cho hp nhiing dich vu, ky nang phdng ngiia cin thiet khi xay ra BLGD, ngan chin hoac giam thieu tdi da thutmg tdn ve the xac va tinh than.
- Cac thanh vien khic trong gia dinh vi nguiii dan ddi vdi cdng tic GDPL ve PCBLGD: su tham gia eua cic thinh phan niy trong cdng tic GDPL ve PCBLGD rit quan trpng, huy dpng dupe cic ngudn luc cua xi hdi, qua dd thay ddi nhan thtic cua ngudi dan, la ca sd din den thay ddi hinh vi ve vin de BLGD, thay ddi tich circ hanh vi cua cac thanh vien trong mdi gia dinh cua xa hdl.
2. Mpt sd kidn nghi nhim nang cao hipu qua cdng tic tuyen truydn giio due phip luit vd phdng, chdng bao luc gia dinh
Nham tao su chuyen bidn manh me ve nhan thtic va nang cao trich nhiem cua eic
TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUtJC - S6 255 (4/2017)
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NGHIEN COru-TRAO DOI
cip, cac nginh, c0ng ddng vi toan xa hdi trong cdng tic PCBLGD, tiing budc ngin ch^n vi giim dan sS vu BLGD hidn nay, theo chiing tdi, cSn thuc hi§n tdt mdt sd giii phap sau:
Thd libit, phit huy vai trd Iinh djo toan dien ciia cip iiy Dang d ca sd vi chinh quydn cac cSp trong thiJC hien phong trio
"Toin din doin kdt xay dtmg ddi sdng van hda" d khu din cu, luu y ning cao trach nhiem ciia cic ban, nginh, cic doin thd va toin xa hpi trong cdng tic gia dinh va PCBLGD vdi npi dtmg trpng tim, phil hop vdi tiing gidi, tilng nhdm ddi tupng, liia tudi; ddng thai, ting cudng cic boat dpng hudng ling de Ngiy Gia dinh Vidt Nam 28/6 thjt sir trd thinh ngay hpi ciia toin xi hdL
Thdhai, ting cudng cdng tic cd dpng true quan, giio due, phd bidn phip luit;
tuyen tiuydn va van ddng sau rpng dd ngudi din hidu rd vai trd, vi tri, trich nhiem ciia gia dinh vi cpng ddng trong vide thuc hidn chinh saeh, phip luat hdn nhin vi gia dinh, binh ding gidi, ke hoach hda gia dinh, phdng ngUa nhiing td nan xam nhip vio ddi sdng gia dinh vi cic npi dtmg cua chu de ndp song vin minh.
Thd ba, ting cudng cdng tic quin ly nhi nude, nghiem khic xii phat vi pham trong Unh vuc PCBLGD, binh ding gidi trong gia dinh; thue hien tdt cdng tic kidm tra, giim sit viee giii quyet cic khidu nai, td eio Uen quan den cdng tic gia dinh.
Viet Nam hidn cd rat nhieu vin ban phip luit cd ndi dung lien quan den PCBLGD, trong dd Bd luat Hinh sir nam 2015, Bp luit Din sir nam 2015^ Luat i'CBIGf)nam2007... licasdddbiovenan nhin ctia BLGD va bupc ngudi giy BLGD chiu teich nhiem. Ngoii ra, Hidn phip nam 2013, Luat Bio vd, giio due vi cham soc tre em nam 2004, Iuat Binh ding giai nim 2006, Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh nim
2014... cOngdd cao binh ding gitia nam vi nu. Tuy nhien, dd ning cao hieu qui GDE vi PCBLGD, ngoii cic hinh thiic phip !|
neu trdn, cin phit huy vai trd cila dOi ngd cpng tic vidn, hda giii vidn co sd nhim thiic hidn cd hi^u q u i cflng tic tuySn truyen van ddng, cong tic hda giii, thu th$pthdngtln,sSUeuva cflng tic PCBLGD.
Ben canh dd, td chiic bdi duflng, tap huin nghiep vu, ky ning cflng tic gia dinh, cdng tic thu thip thflng tm PCBLGD cho edng tic vidn vi hfla giii vlfln cd sd.
Thd tii, duy tri vi phit tridn cic mo hmh ciu lac bfl "Gia dinh hanh phiic", nhom PCBLGD, giio due tien hfln nhin cho nam, nii thanh nien..., hudng cic gia dinh ning cao trach nhiem trong vide bio ve vi xay dimg gia dinh no Sm, binh ding, tidn bp va hanh phiic.
Thd nim, kip thdi bidu duomg khen thuang cic tip thd, ci nhin, hfl gia dinh co hoat dflng tich cue, sing tao, didn hmh trong phong trio PCBLGD d moi cip, moi nganh vi khu dan cu. Diy cung chinh la bipn phip nhim day manh cflng tie tuyen truyen, GDPL ve PCBLGD de nang cao nhin thiic cila ngudi din trong cong tac PCBLGD, ttt dd gdp phin xiy dimg mpt xS hfli linh manh vi phat tridn ben viingD
Tii h$u tham khio:
1. Luat Hdn nhin va gia dinh nam 2014.
2. Luat Phdng, chdng bao luc gia dmhnim 2007.
3. Le Thi Quy, Ding Vu Cinh Linh. Bfio ll/c gia dinh: mdt sir sai lech gii tri. H. NXB Khoa hoc xahoi, 2008.
4. NguySn Canh Quy. Phip luit bio v$pbii nu, tre em nhim phdng, chdng bao luc gia dmb vi mdt sd giii phip hoan thidn. Tap chi Nhi nudc vi Phip luat, sff 6/2010.
5. Hoimg Ba Thinh. Nghien cuu bao luc gia dinh a Viet Nam. Tap chi Dan tdc hpc, so 4/2009.
TAP CHl QUAN L* NHA NUtJC - S6 255 (4/2017)
