TAP CHI PHATTRjgN NHAN HjC^jOiigiJgig
QUAN DIEM CUA CHU TICH HO CHf MINH VE GIAO DUC DAI HOC - VAN DUNG VAO QUA TRINH DO! MGfl GIAO DUC HIEN NAY
TS. VO THI THU N60C "- THS.NGUViN THETHIN "
TOMTAT
Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve gido diic la mdt noi dunged gia tri to Idn, phdn dnhtu duy, tam nhin cdng nhu su quan tam ddc biet ciia Ngudi den suphdt trien ciia nen gido due nudc nhd. Trong dd, cdc quan diem ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ve gido diic dai hoc Id mdt vdn de cd tinh hi thong tit vi tri, vai tro ciia gido diic dai hoc den phuong hudng cd hdn vd cdc nhiem vu chii yeu nham phat trien gido diic dai hoc. Trudc ySu cdu doi mdi cdn ban, todn dien nen gido due Viet Nam hien nay, viec nghien citu vd van dung nhiing quan diem ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ve gido due dai hoc co mot y nghia ly ludn vd thuc tien sdu sdc trong viec gdp phdn xdy dung vd phat trien gido diic hien nay.
Tii khoa: quan diem Chit tich Ho Chi Minh vi doi mdi gido due dai hoc...
l.Datvande
Xay dung va phat hien giao due dai hpc trong long the nen giao due qudc gia la mot chu truong duoc Dang va Nha nudc Viet Nam dac biet quan tam tit nhflng ngay dau sau each mang. Tren cuong vi la ngudi dilng dau, Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh da danh sir quan tam sau sac va cd nhieu ctii dao CIJ the ve van de nay. Trong nhieu bai ndi, bai viet, Ngudi da chi ro vi tri, vai trd va tam quan trong dac biet ciia giao diic dai hoc trong viec dao tao mot doi ngu nhimg ngudi cd dao ddc, ly tudng dong thdi cd trinh dp chuyen mon cao nham ddng gdp true tiep cho cdng eupc kien thiet qudc gia. Han the ntta, de xay dung nen giao due dai hpc theo kip yeu cau su phat trien cua dat nudc, Ngudi cung da chi ro nhiimg phuong hudng va giai phap co ban, nhat la ve noi dung va phuong phap giang day trong moi trudng giao dijc dai hoc.
Doi v6i boat dong hoc tap cua sinh vien va giang day cila nha giao, Ngu6i dat ra nhflng yen cau cij the ve tinh tu giac trong hoc tap, nang cao trinh do cila ca thay va tro nham dat duoc hieu qua dao tao cao nhat. Vdi mvic Ueu; "tap trung dao tao nhan luc trinh do cao, hoi dudng nhdn tdi, phat trien pham chdt vd ndng luc tu hoc, tu lam giau tri thiic, sdng tao ciia ngudi hoc""'; viec van dung nhflng quan diem tren cua Ho Chi Minh se gdp phan thuc day viec tim ra nhiing giai phap tliich hop cho viec doi m6i can ban, toan dien giao due dai hoc ntii chung va 6 timg CO sd dao tao ndi rieng.
2. Npi dung
2.1. Mot sd quan die'm coban cua Chi tich Ho Chi Minh ve giao due dai hoc
'' Tni6ng Dai hoc Kinh te - Dai hoc Hue
'" Ban Chip hanh Tnrng uong Bang Cong san Via M ., i
„cl ,0 29 NQmvngdy 4 Ihdng U ndmVoislS T V « "' uang S Khda XI Vi dd, md, can bdn ioa„ J ^ ' ™"*
dao lao '''f" Sido due vd
T S . V Q T H ! T H U N G 0 C , T H S . NGUYEN THgTHlN- QUAN DIEM CUA CHU TICH HO CH [MINH... 21 Ngay tfl khi bat dSu day hpc tai trudng Due
Thanh d Phan Thiet (nam 1910), thay giao tre Nguyen T^t Thanh da long ghep vao bai giang ciia minh nhi3ng ndi dung gjao due ve long yeu nudc cho hpc trd. "Theo tdi lieu cua bd Ngd Thi Mui, cdc cu timg la hoc trd cd cua thay Nguyen Tat Thdnh kilai rdng thdy Thdnh day chd Qudc ngU, Hdn vdn vd mdn The due. Cu Nguyen Qui Phdu vd Nguyen Ddng Lau ke lai rdng: Thdy Thdnh giang bdi rat nhiet tinh, di hieu. NhUng bdi khd thdy giang cham vd ky. Khi giang xong thdy hay hdi trd cd hieu khdng chimg nao hoc tro noi hieu roi, thdy mdi nghi. Tat cd cdc bdi
^dng md cdc hoc trd cd trudng Due Thanh cdn nhd vd kelai deu nham vdo gido due long yeu que huong ddt nwdc'^^'Dieu dd phdn nao cho thay nhan thflc cua Nguydn Tat Thanh v& vai tr6 dac biet quan trpng cua giao due khdng chi trong viec nang cao dan tri ma cdn true tiep liun due va nudi dudng tinh than dau tranh each mang, giai phdng dan tpc cho the he tre liic bay gid. Chinh vi vay vao nam 1925, klii thanh lap Hpi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien tai Quang Chau (Trung Qudc), mot td chflc each mang lam tien de cho viec thanh lap Dang Cong San Viet Nam sau nay, Nguyin Ai Qudc da thdng qua viec td chflc cac Idp hudn luyen de dao tao nen nhflng ngudi cdng san tre tudi.
Ban than Ngudi vfla la ngudi lanh dao, ngudi td chdc vfla la ngudi thay true tiep ddng Idp giang day cho cac hpi vien cua Hpi Viet Nam Cach mang Ihanh nien. Dupe su giup dd bi mat cua Dang Cdng san Trung Qudc va Chinh phu each mang d Quang Chau, tii dau nam 1926 den thang 4 nam 1927, Nguygn Ai Qudc da true tiep m6 ba Idp huan luy^n chinh tri each mang cho cac thanh nidn uu td cua Vidt Nam, vdi tdng sd
75 ngudi. Sau nay, phSn idn uong sd hp deu trd thanh nhflng can bd cdeb mang xuat sdc cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam nhu Tran Phu, Pham van Dong, Nguygn Luong Bang... "Ndi dung hoc tdp mdi me vd phongphu dd Idi cudn susay me cua cdc hoc vien. Nhung ed le sdc hut manh me nhdt doi vdi ho lai chinh la nhiing bdi gidng sinh ddng hap ddn vd thiet thuc cua Nguyen Ai Quoc Ket thdc khda hoc, ed ngudi duoc giu lai d nudc ngoai cdng tdc, cd ngudi duac cddi hoe tiep a Trudng dai hoc Cdng sdn, hoac Trudng Qudn su Hodng Pho... cdn phdn ddng thi duoc cd ve nudc hoat ddng gdy dung vd to chttc, phdt trien cdcphongtrdo each mang VietNam'P^ Nhuvay, cd the thay rang, ddi vdi Nguyfin Ai Qudc, giao due va dao tao dupe xem la mot giai phap dac bidt quan trpng nham xay dung luc lupng cho each mang Viet Nam trong nbUng ngay dau dung Dang, cdu qudc.
Sau khi Cach mang Thang Tam nam 1945 thanh cdng, ngay trong phien hpp dau tien cua Chinh phu lam thdi nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa (ngay 3/9/1945), mot trong sau nhiem vu cap bach ma Chu tich Ho Chi Minh chi dao Chinh phu can phai giai quyet ngay la
"diet giac ddt" nham khac phuc hau qua "chinh sach ngu dan" cua thuc dan Phap khien hon 90% dan sd Viet Nam md chfl. Ngay 8 thang 9 nam 1945, Ngfldi da ky Sac lenh sd 19 quyet dinh thanh lap Nha Binh dan hpc vu. De khuyen khich tinh than hpc tap trong nhan dan, ngay 4 thang 10 nam* 1945, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh tiep tue ra Idi keu gpi "Chdng nan didt hpc" trong dd neu rd:
"Mudn giu vdng nen ddc lap, Mudn Idm cho ddn manh nudcgidu, Moi ngudi Vi$t Nam phdi hieu biSt quyin
"' Qu^ Ha (2010): "ThSy Thanh o truong Due Thanli", tir web- site: http://dangcongsan.vn/preview/newid/38534.html, tmy i:^pngay21/6/20I9.
"' HiJU Gicri (2010)' "Nguyin Ai Quoc va lop huan luyen chinh trj d Quang Chau"; tii website' https://nhandan com.vn/chin- hlri/item/3197502-.html, truy cap ngay 22/6/2019
22TS.V0THITHUNGPCTHS.NGUY§NTHETHIN- QUAN DI^M CUA CHL) T|CJiHg_giL!yllNtl:i
loi eiia minh, bdn phdn cua minh, phdi cd kien thdc mdi de cd the tham gia vdo cdng cudc xdy dung nudc nhd, vd trudc het phdi biet doc, biet viet chu qudc ngu...?''^ Khau hieu noi tieng cua Ngudi "Mot ddn tdc ddt Id mot ddn tocyeu"'^^^ da that su trd thanh chan ly, thanh phuong cham chi dao xay dung n^n giao due Viet Nam each mang. Hudng flng Idi keu gpi cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, chi ttong vdng mot nam da cd 74.957 Idp hpc day xda mu chfl va cd 2.520.678 ngfldi thoat nan mu chfl.^^' Song song dd, cac hd tue cua che dp cfl cflng dan dflpe xda bd, ddi sdng van hda mdi timg bflde dupe xac lap. Dac biet da cd mot sd tri thflc ngudi Viet cd trinh dp tfl Phap ttd ve nudc gdp phan quan ttpng xay dung nen mdng he thdng giao due phd thong, chuyen nghiep, dai hpc, khoa hpc ky thuat cua dat nudc. Rd rang, vdi vai trd ngudi dflng dau nha nudc, Hd Chi Minh da sdm xac dinh vi tri quan trpng hang dau cua giao due ttong viec xay dung va kien thiet qudc gia. Trong 24 nam lam Chu tich nudc, mot trong nhflng van de Ngudi tam nguyen la xay dung va nang cao chat lupng nen giao due nudc nha nham phuc vu nhung nhiem vu to Idn va nang ne trong khang chien, kien qudc, xay dflng chu nghia xa hpi. Nghien ci'ai tfl tfldng cua Hd Chi Minh ve giao due cd the nhan thay dd la he thdng nhCtng quan di^m toan dien va sau sac, bao gdm nhttng ndi dung CO ban: vi tri va vai trd cua giao due; npi dung va nguyen tac giao due; phuong phap va nghe thuat giao due ciing nhu nhCmg ^ai phap nang cao chat lupng giao due. Rieng ddi vdi giao due dai hpc, cd mot y nghia ly luan va thuc tign sau
*•" Ho Chi Minh' Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha N$L 2000, lap 4, trang 36-37,
'" Ho Chi Minh' Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Npi.
2000, tap 4, trang 8.
'" Dang Cgng san Viet Nam: "65 nam Binh dan hoc vy (1945- 2010): Ky tich xa hoi hoa giao due", tir website: httpV/
dangcongsan.vn/preview/newid/3 8534.html, tmy cap ngay 23/6/2019.
sdc ddi vdi su phat uien cua nen giao due nudc ta, cac quan diem cua Ho CW Minh da tao nen nen tang ly luan va tiiuc tien sau:
Thd nhdt, phdi xdc dinh dung vS vai trd cung nhu muc dich cua gido due dai hoe trong tdng thinengido duequdcgia.
Trong bai ndi chuyen tai Dai hpi Sinh vien Ian thfl II (ngay 7 diang 5 nam 1958), Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da neu ra van de: "Hoc deldm gi?
Hoc dephuc vu ai? Dd la hai cdu hdi cdn phdi trdtdiddtkhodtthimdicdphudnghudngdesda chua khuyet diem cua minh'P^ Va chinh Ngudi cung da tta Idi cho cau hdi ay: 'Hoc deldm vi$c, lam ngudi, Idm cdn bd, hoc de phung su Dodn the, phung su giai cdp vd nhdn ddn, phung su To quoc vd nhdn loai'P'' Day dupe xem nhu la nbiJng tieu chi bao trum cho viec dinh hudng xay dung nen giao due dai hpc vda mang tinh vi md vUa mang tinh cu the tai tijng trudng dai hpc. Giao due dai hpc la bac hpc cd vai trd dao tao ra nhflng ngudi cd tri thflc, hieu biet, tinh thong nghe nghiep (lam viec), cd dao ddc (lam ngudi), cd pham chat chinh tri (lam can bp).
Muc dich dao tao la de nguon nhan luc ay phuc vu cho dat nudc, cho nhan dan, ddng gdp vao su phat trien chung cua Td qudc va nlian loai. Ndi chuyen vdi can bd sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi (ngay 21 thang 10 nam 1964), Ngudi chi rd: "Day cung nhu hoe phdi chii trong den cd tdi Idn ddc. Ddc la dao ddc cdeh mang Do Id cdi gdc, rdt quan trong Neu khdng cd dao ddc each mang thi co tdi cung vd dung".^^^ Nhan thflc dupe tam quan ttpng cua van de nay se gdp phan khac phuc mot thuc te la trong giao due dai hpc hien nay viec bdi duong nhflng gia
'" Ho Chi Minh' Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tn qu6c gia Ha Noi 2000. t?p 9, trang 180
"' Ho Chi Mmh Todn tgp, Nxb. Chinh in qu6c gia Ha Noi 2000, tap 6, trang 208.
"* Ho Chi Mmh' Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tn qu6c eia Hi Ni^, 2000, tap 11, trang 331. S'a, Ha N<pi.
T 5 . V Q T H ! T H U N G 0 C , T H S . NGUYEN THETHIN - QUAN DIEM CUA CHU TICH HO CHI MINH..,
tri dao dflc cho sinh vien chfla that su dupe coi trpng so vdi dao tao kien thflc. Dieu nay cSn phai dflpc dieu cliinh theo dung quan di^m khoa hpc va toan di^n v^ muc tieu "irdng ngfldi"
ciia Ho Chi Minh. Dd la mot co sd quan trpng g6p ph^n vao viec xay dung triet ly gido due Viet Nam cung nhu xac dinh ton chi boat dpng cu the cho cac trudng dai hpc hien nay.
Thd hai, phdi xdc dinh cu theve ndi dung dao taovdphuonghudngxdydunggidoducdaihoc.
Chu tjch H6 Chi Minh rat coi trpng viec day va hpc phai xuat phat tfl nhu can cua thuc tien eupc sdng. Ngay 23 thang 3 nam 1956, khi ndi chuyen tai Dai hpi Giao due phd thong toan qudc, Ngudi dpng vien cac thay, cd gido: "Day va hoc cdn phdi theo nhu cdu cua ddn, cua Nhd nudc Thdy day tot, trd hoc tot, cung cdp du cdn bo cho ndngnghi$p, cdngnghiip, cho cdc ngdnh kinh tevd vdn hda. Dd la nhiem vu ve vang cua cdc thdy gido, cd gido^"^ Nhu vay, ddi vdi npi dung giao due trong cac trudng dai hpc, theo quan diem cua Ho Chi Minh, deu chi hang dau la phai theo nhu cau cua xa hdi vdi chat lupng day (thdy day tdt) va hpc (trd hoc tot) cao nhat.
Doi vdi phuong hudng xay dung va phat trien giao due dai hpc, Ngudi ciing chi rd: 'Ddi vdi dai hoc thi cdn ket hap ly luan khoa hoc vdi thuc hanh, ra sdc hoc tap ly ludn vd khoa hoc tien tien cua cdc nudc ban, ket hop vdi thue tien cua nudc ta, de thiet thuc giup ich cho cdng cudc xdy dung nudc nhd'P^^ Do dd ddi vdi trudng dai hpc, yeu cau dat ra la phai kdt hpp dupe giua ly luan vdi thirc tien (hpc va hanh), tiep can vdi trinh d6 tien tien cua the gidi de quay trd lai phuc vu quoc gia. Cd the thay, viec xay dung nen giao due ttong dd cd giao due dai hpc ma ket hop
dupe gifla ly luan vdi thuc ti§n, giua hpc va hanh la yeu cau dac biet quan ttpng ma Ho Chi Minh da nhieu Ian d^ cap. Ngudi tflng ndi: "Hoc phdi suy nghi, hoc phdi lien he vdi thuc te, phdi ed thi nghiem vd thuc hdnh. Hoc vdi hdnh phdi ki't hop vdi nhau'P'^^ Ngudi cdn nhan manh:
"Mdt ngudi hoc xong dai hoc, cd thegoi la cd tri thdc. Song y khdng biet edy rudng khdng biet lam cdng khdng biet danh giac, khdng biet lam nhieu viec khdc. Ndi tdm lai: Cdng viec thuc te, y khdng bietgi ed. The Id y chi cd tri thdc mdt nda.
Tri thuc cua y Id tri thdc hoc sdeh, chua phdi Id tri thdc hodn todn. Ymuon thdnh ngudi tri thdc hodn todn, thi phdi dem cdi tri thdc dd dp dung vdo thuc fe".''^-* Nhan thflc dupe tam quan ttpng cua "thuc hanh" se gdp phan khdc phuc dnh trang hien nay la mot sd nganh va trudng dao tao vi Ipi nhuan ma khdng theo yeu cau cua xa hdi, cda su phat trien, dan ddn dao tao dan trai, tran Ian vfla kem hieu qua vfla lang phi. Trong dao tao nang ve ly thuydt ma thieu phuong tien, CO sd de cho sinh vien thuc hanh dan den chat lupng dao tao klidng cao, chua dap flng dupe yeu cau cua xa hpi.
Thd ba, trong phuong phdp ddo tao d bdc dai hoc, Hd ChiMinh rdt chu trongviec phdt huy vai trd tu hoc cua sinh vien.
Ban than Ho Chi Minh la mot tam guong vi dai ve tinh than tu hpc ma trd thanh nha ly luan sac ben, nha van hda kiet xuat. Nam 1959, khi ndi chuyen vdi sinh vien Dai hpc Bandung (Indonesia), Chu tich Ho Chi Minh tam s\X:"Khi cdn tre tdi khdng cd dip den trudng hoa Tdi dd di du lich vd di lam viec, dd Id trudng dai hoe cua tdi Trudng dai hoc ay da day cho tdi khoa hoc xd hdi Nd dd day cho tdi each yeu, each ghet.
'"" H6 Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi.
2000, tap 8, irang 138.
"" Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tn quoc gia, Ha Noi.
2000, lap 8, trang 81.
<'^' H6 Chi Minh Todn lap, Nxb. Chinh tn quoc gia. Ha Noi.
2000, tap 11, irang 133.
" " Ho Chi Minh. Todn tdp, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Noi 2000, tap 5, trang 504.
24T5.VOTH|THUNGOC,THS.NGUY^NTHeTHlN- QUAN DI^M CUA C H O T I C H H ^ ^ H L f ^ ! ! ! ^ -
yeu nudc, yiu lodi ngudi, yeu ddn chu vd hda binh vd cdm ghet dp bdc, ich ky... Trudng hoc ay dd day cho tdi khoa hoe qudn su... Trudng hoc ay da day cho tdi lich sd... Trudng hoc ay da day cho tdi chinh tri... V^'' Dieu nay xuat phat tU quan diem cua Ho Chi Minh ve hpc tap sudt ddi. Ngudi quan niem rang: "Hoc hdi Id mot viec phdi tiep tue sudt dot Sudt ddi phdi gan ly ludn vdi cdng tdc thuc te. Khdng ai cd the tu cho minh dd biet du rdi, biet het rdi The gidi ngdy nay ddi mdi, nhdn ddn ta ngdy cdng tien bd, cho nen chung ta phdi tiep tue hoc vd hdnh de tien bo kip nhdn ddn'P^^ Chinh vi vay, ngay 21 thang 7 nam 1956, khi ndi chuyen tai Ldp nghien cuu chinh tri Klida 1, Trudng Dai hpc Nhan dan Viet Nam, Ngfldi chi ro: "Thdi gian cdc ban den nghien cdu d trudng ndy tuong ddi ngdn ngdi, cho nen khong theyiu cdu qud cao, qud nhieu.
Nhdng dieu cdc ban nghien cdu duoc d ddy cd thi vi nhu mdt hat nhdn be nhd. Sau ndy, cdc ban se tiep tue cham sdc, vun xdi, Idm cho hat nhdn ay moc thdnh edy vd ddn ddn nd hoa. ket qud.""^^ Tfl quan diem chung dd Ngudi xac dinh phuong phap hpc tap cu the ddi vdi sinh vien dai hpc la: "phdi biet tu ddng hoc tdp""'>,"phdi neu cao tdc phong ddc lap suy nghi vd tu do tu tudng. Doc tdi lieu phdi ddo sdu hieu ky, khong tinmdtcdchmuqudngtimgcdumdttrongsdch, cd vdn de chua thdng sudt thi manh dan de ra vd thdo ludn cho vd le. Ddi vdi bdt cd van de gi deu phdi ddt cdu hdi "vi sao" diu phdi suy nghi ky cdng xem co hop vdi thuc te khong tuyet ddi khdng nen nhdm mdt tudn theo sach vd mot
edch xudi chieu. Phdi suy nghi chin chan.
Ngudi nhan manh tinh than chu ddng hpc tap ddi vdi sinh vien la "khdng phdi cd thdy den thi hoc, thdy khdng den thi dua. Phdi biet tu ddng hoc tap."('^> Viec tU hpc cua sinh vicm khdng die tach rdi qua trinh tang cudng trao ddi, thao luan nhdm giUp dd nhau cflng tien bd irong linh hpi tri tiiflc. Ngfldi xac dinh- "Lay tuhoc Idm cot. Do thdo ludn vd chi dao giup L-AO"'^"^; do dd ddi vdi ngudi thay thi "phdi ndngcao vd hudngddn viic tuhoc"''^''^ cho sinh vien.
Thd tu, ve vai trd cua ngudi gidng vien dai hoc.
Ngudi thSy d bac dai hpc khdng chi la ngudi truyen day kien thflc ma cdn la ngudi cd kha nang hudng dan cho sinh vien trong viec tu phat trien kha nang tim hieu, nghien cdu ddc lap. Do vay, Hd Chi Minh de ra nhung yen cau rat cao ddi vdi giang vien dai hpc. Theo Ngudi thi ban than ngudi thay cung phai tu hpc, khdng ngflng nang cao trinh dp mpi mat. "Thdy gido, nhdng cdn bd gido due deu phdi ludn ludn cd gang hoc them, hoc chinh tri, hoc chuyen mdn Neu khdng tien bo mdi, thi se khdng theo kip dd tien chung se tro thdnh lac hau" (^^"Tdt cd gido vien chd nen cho hoe nhu the ndy dd Id dd md phdi tiep tue hoc tap them detien bo mdi"; "Cdn bo vd gido vien cungphdi tien bd cho kip thdi d^i thi mdi Idm duoc nhiem vu. Chd tu tiXc, tu mdn, cho minh Id gidi rdi thi dung lai Md dung lai Id liii budc, Id lac hau, tu minh ddo thdi trudc.'^^^
Trong bdi canh hien nay, d^ tien kip vdi thdi dai,
"•" D^ng Quoc Bao: Tu lining Md Chi Minh ve gido diic, Nxb, Giao due. Ha N91. 2008. trang 60.
'"' Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, Nxb Chinh Iq qu6c gia, Ha N91.
2000, tap 8, trang 215.
'"" Nhimg Icri keu goi cua Ho Chu tich. Nxb. Sif that, Ha Ngi 1956, trang 301-305.
" " Ho Chi Minh' Todn tdp, Nxb Chinh Iri qu6c gia. Ha Noi.
2000, t?p 6, trang 51.
200"°* s Z g 5»" '*• ^*' """^ •" ' * «»• ™ ^ *
200™,a™ . ^ g r r •"• " ^ ' - " ^ ' * •" ' " ^ ' ^ - H^ NO..
'"" Ho Chi Mmh. Todn lap. Nxb Chinh iti O„A^ „, „ . „,.
2000, tap 6, trang 51. '! ^"oc gia, Ha N(.i.
»» Ho Chi Minh: Todn lap, Nxb. Chinh tri c 2000,tap9, trang 126-127.
"" Ho Chi Mmh. Todn Idp. Nxb. Chinh tn ous,- • . 2000, tap 9, trang 499. ' ° ' ^la. Ha Noi.
n quoc gia. Ha Nji.
T5.VQTH!THUNG0C,THS.NGUY£NTHgTHIN- QUAN DIEM CUA CHU TICH H 6 CHI MINH., 25
mdi ngfldi giang vien dai hpc deu can phai nd luc khdng ngflng.
2.2. Van dung quan diem cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ve giao due dai hoc vao qua trinh ddi mdi giao due hien nay
Nghi quyet 29-NQ/TW ngay 4 thang 11 nam 2013 cua Hpi nghi Ian thfl 9 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Khda XII "ve ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due \'a dao tao, dap flng yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda trong dieu kien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghia va hpi nhap qudc te" da xac dinh muc tieu tdng quat trong ddi mdi giao due dai hpc la "tt2p trung ddo tao nhdn luc trinh do cao, bdi duong nhdn tdi, phdt trien pham chdt vd ndng luc tu hoc, tu Idm gidu tri thdc, sdng tao cua ngudi hoc Hodn thien mang ludi cdc co sd gido due dai hoc, co cdu ngdnh nghe vd trinh do ddo tao phii hpp vdi quy hoach phdt trien nhdn luc quoc gia; trong dd, cd mdt sd trudng vd ngdnh ddo tao ngang tdm khu vuc vd qudc te. Da dang hoa cac co sd dao tao phu hpp vdi nhu cau phat tri^n cong nghe va cac linh vuc, nganh nghe;
yeu cau xay dung, bao ve Td qudc va hpi nhap quoc te."'^"^ Tfl muc tieu nay ddng thdi tren co s6 nhung quan diem cua Ho Chi Minh, cd the xac djnh mot sd giai phap gdp phan vao viec ddi mdi giao due 6 bac dai hpc hien nay nhu sau:
Mdt Id, ddi vdi phat trien giao due dai hpc ndi chung va mdi trudng dai hpc ndi rieng can xac dinh ro muc tieu dao tao la hudng den dap dng nhu cau cu the cua xa hpi, cua nen kinh te. Tren CO sd nhu cau dd, can cfl vao thuc te ve ngudn luc mdi xay dung chuong trinh dao tao \'a tuyen sinh. Can khac phuc ngay hien tupng nhieu trudng dai hpc vi muc tieu loi nhuan ma tuyen
'••" Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Nghi quyet sd 29 NQ/TiVngqy 4 thdng U nam 2013 Hoi nghi Trung wng 8 Khoa XI Ve ^di mdi can bdn, todn dien gido due va ddoigo
sinh dai hpc khdng phu hpp vdi nhu cau va nang luc thuc te. Difiu nay dan den hien tupng chat lupng dao tao thap, khong dap flng dupe nhu cau cua xa hpi ddng thdi gay nen tinh ttang lang phi ve nhieu mat ddi vdi xa hpi, true dep nhat la vdi phu buynh va sinh vien.
Hai Id, trong giao due dai hpc phai ludn dat len hang dau npi dung dao tao ket hpp gifla giao due tri thdc vdi dao ddc, phuong phap dao tao ket hpp gifla hpc va hanh. Can xem day la ton chi ttong hoat dpng cua cdc trudng dai hpc de Uen ca sd do hinh dianh dpi ngu ngudi lao dpng cd chuyen mon, cd nhan each van hda, cd tri thflc tdng hpp va klia nang thuc hanh thanh thao. Tieu chi chung nay can ap dung rpng rai cho tat ca cac nganh va linh vuc dao tao, bao gdm ca cac mon ly luan chinh tri.
Ba Id, trong giao due dai hpc, phuong phap hang dau can dupe nliaii manh la phat huy kha nang tu hpc, tu nghien cdu, tim tdi cua sinh vien. Do dd, mdi ttudng dai hpc phai la mot mdi trudng khoi nguon va kich thich dupe sdc sang tao cua ngudi hpc. Di^u nay ddi hdi mot su dau tu tren nhieu phuong dien cua cac trudng hien nay ke ca ve vat chat va ngudn nhan luc. Cd nhu vay mdi dap flng dupe su phat trien cua giao due trong bdi canh each mang cdng nghiep 4.0, khi ma kha nang tim kiem, dep can thdng tin da trd nen thuan tien va nhanh chdng hon rat nhieu so vdi trudc day.
Bdn la, mac du khoa hpc cdng nghe phat trien manh me, vai trd cua ngudi thay cung khdng the thay the. Tieu ehuan nay ddi hoi mdi giang vien dai hpc phai khdng ngflng tu hoan thien nham dap flng yeu cau doi mdi can ban, toan dien nen giao due \'iet Nam. theo kip vdi ddi hoi phat trien cua xa hpi va dat nudc, hpi nliap vao nen giao due the gidi.
3. Ket luan
Quan diem cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve giao
26 TS. VOTHITHU NGOC.THS. N G U Y S N THE THIN - QUAN BigM COA C H O TjCH H£CHnWJM::'
due dai hpc cho den nay van eon nguyen gia tii ly luan va thirc tien ciing n h u phuong phap luan sau sfle. Trai qua 33 nam Ddi mdi dat nirdc, Dang Cong san Viet Nam da co nhiing su van dung cu th6 quan diem nay vao viec xay dimg nen giao diic cua d^t nudc va da dat dupe nhirng thanh tuu to Idn. Tuy nJlien, dling trudc nhimg yen eau mdi ciia su phat trien dii't nudc gan vdi qua trinh hoi nhap qudc te, viec xay dung mdt chien luac toan dien vdi nhOng giai phap dong bp trong phat trien giao diic dai hpc 1^ mpt doi hdi vira tat y^u, vira cap bach ctia nganh giao dlic. Do dd, viec van diing quan diem khoa hpc, dung ddn va chien lupc ciia Chii tich Ho Chi Minh v^o thuc tign se gdp phan tao nen nhimg doi mdi can ban va toan dien cho sir phat trien ciia giao due nudc nha hien nay.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Nghi quyet so 29 NQ/TW ngay 4 thdng 11 ndm 2013 Hdi nghi Trung uang 8 Khda XI Vi ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien gido due vd ddo tao.
2. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: "65 nam Bmh dan hpc vu (1945- 2010); Ky tich xa hpi hda giao due"; til website: http;//dangcongsan.vn/
preview/newid/38534.hmil. truy cap ngay 23/6/2019.
3. Ho ChiMinh: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi. 2000, tap 4.
4. Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi. 2000, tap 5.
5. Hd Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi. 2000, tap 6.
6. Hd Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Nipi. 2000, tap 8.
7. Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinli tri qudc gia. Ha Npi. 2000, tap 9.
8. Hd Chi Minh; Todn tdp, Nxb. Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Ndi. 2000, tap 11.
9. Dang Qudc Bao; Tw tudng Hd Chi Minh ui gido due, Nxb. Giao due, Ha Ndi. 2008, ttang 60.
10NhiingldikiugoiciiaHdChutich,N!ib.S\f that. Ha Npi. 1956.
11. Qud Ha (2010); "Thay Thanh 6 hudng Due Thanh": til website: http;//dangcongsan.
vn/preview/newid/38534.html, truy cap ngay 21/6/2019.
12. Htm Gidi (2010): "Nguydn Ai Qudc va ldp huan luyen chinh tri 0 Quang Chau"; til website: https;//nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/
item/3197502-.html, truy cap n g i y 22/6/2019.
