V K N B ^ N G I A I DIIY Net N H i i T H N M G
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TS. NGUY6N QUANG THUYEN*
Tdm tdt: Thai gian gin day, tinh hinh ngirai Duy Ngo NhT d Tan Cuang, Trung Qu6c nhap canh trai phep vao nudc ta dl di nudc thir ba ngay cang dien bien phirc tgp, kho ludng; nhat la tii khi Trung Quoc thuc hien bien phap tran ap manh me vdi cac hoiit dpng cua chu nghTa Hoi giao cue doan trong mgt bg phan dan tgc thieu so 6 Tan Cuong, Tay Tang. Vi vay, vi?c dau tranh vai hoat dgng nhap canh trai phep va nhung hanh dgng manh dgng, bao lire, circ doan do ngudi Duy Ngo NhT gay ra tren lanh tho Viet Nam cua Bg dgi Bien phong (BDBP) va cac lyc lugng chuc nang can cd nhiing hinh thuc, bien phap phii hc^ nham dam bao an ninh quoc gia, trat ty an toan xa hgi, khong de xay ra cac tinh huong, vu vi?c bi dgng, bat ngd.
Tir khda: Ngudi Duy Ngo NhT, Tan Cuang, Trung Quoc, an ninh bien gidi, bg dpi Bien phong Viet Nam.
I. Van de Tan Cirffng va hoat dgng khung bo cua ngiroi Duy Ngo NhT thoi gian gan day
Khu ty tri Tan Cuang nam d phia Tay Bac ciia Trung Qude, la don vi hanh ehinh cap tinh ldn nhat, ed dien tich 1.664.900 km^, ehiSm 1/6 tdng dien tich toan lanh thd Trung Qudc, thii phii la thanh phd U-mm-xi. Dan sd ciia Tan Cuang khoang 22,3 trieu ngudi, gdm 55 dan tdc, trong dd cd khoang 8 trieu ngudi dan tdc Duy Ngd NhT (khoang 40%), 8,7 trieu ngudi Han (khoang 40,1%). CJ Tan Cuong cd nhieu tdn giao boat ddng, trong
dd dao Hdi cd anh hudng ldn (khoang 70%
ngudi Duy Ngd NhT la tin dd dao Hdi).
Tan Cuong khdng chi la "bdn dau khi", "bien than", "kho luang", "kho thjt"
ciia Tmng Qudc, ma edn ed vi tri chiln luac quan trgng ddi vdi Tmng Qudc. Tgi day cd tuyen dudng dng din dAu tir Tudc- me-ni-xtan qua U-do-be-ki-xtan din Tan Cuang; la mot phan "Con dudng ta lua"
cd va la eau ndi giua hai lue dia A - Au, nam tiep giap vdi cac qudc gia Hdi giao Tmng A va Nam A, khu vye diem ndng ve khiing bd ciia the gidi.
* Hoc vien Bien phong
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NGHIEN CUfU TRUNG QUtfc so 3(175) - 2016Tan Cuang la khu vyc sinh sdng lau ddi ciia ngudi Duy Ngd Nhi theo dao Hdi vdi ten gpi la nude Han (thdi ky nhiJng nam 550). Su phat tri^n ciia nudc Han trai qua nhiSu bi^n cd thSng trim, gSn lien vdi su dd hp cua cac nha nudc phong ki^n Tmng Qudc. Nam 1949, Tan Cuang trd thanh mpt bp phan cua nudc Cpng hda nhan dan Tmng Hoa, nhung tu tudng ly khai, khdi phuc "Nha nude Hdi giao Ddng Thd" van ludn tdn tai. Td nhQng thap ky cudi cua the ky XX din nay, dk thyc hien y dd ddi "ddc lap", tach ra khdi Trung Qudc, thanh lap "Nha nudc Hdi giao Ddng Thd", lyc luang Duy Ngd NhT ly khai day manh boat ddng tren ca 3 phuong dien: Xay dyng ngpn cd, phat trien td ehuc va tien hanh eae cupc bao loan khiing bd.
Sau khi sap nhap Tan Cuong vao lanh thd ciia minh, Tmng Qudc da thyc hien chinh saeh "Han hda" Tan Cuong bang viec dua ngudi Han den day sinh sdng vdi nhieu chinh saeh uu dai, phan biet ddi xii vdi ngudi Duy Ngd NhT; ddng thdi, ap dung nhiing bien phap manh de tran ap tu tudng ly khai cua ngudi Duy Ngd NhT vdi ngudi Han va chinh quyen. Dilu nay ed the lam gia tSng mau thuan sac tpc, khuynh hudng bao dgng xa hpi d day'"'.
Tan Cuang vdi dien tich rdng, lai nam d khu vyc tiep giap vdi nhieu qudc gia H^i gi^o Tmng A nen van de ly khai, khiing bd ciia ngudi Duy Ngd NhT d Tan Cuang ludn chiu sy tac ddng cua yeu td ben ngoai, nhat la M^, phuang Tay va
NGHIEN Clhl TRUNG QUOC so 3(175) - 2016
cac td chdc Hdi giao cue doan. Ddng thdi, do yeu td ngudn gdc dan tpc va tdn giao nen lyc lugmg Hdi giao ly khai Duy Ngd NhT cd mdi quan he mat thiet vdl cac td chuc "Hdi giao Ddng Tu-ki-xtan ETIM", "Phong trao Hdi giao U-do-be-ki- xtan - IMU"... va dugc eac td chuc nay ling hd ve chinh tri, tai chinh, vii khi, chi dao, huan luyen che tao, sii dung vu khi, bom va ehien thuat khiing bd. Cd ngudn tin dang tin cay cho rang, hien nay lyc lugng ly khai ngudi Duy Ngd NhT da thanh lap td chuc khiing bd tai Tan Cuang (ngudi dung dau hoat ddng ehinh tri ciia td chiie dang sdng tai An-ca-ra, Thd NhT Ky) va da cd hang tram ngudi Duy Ngd NhT dang dupc huan luyen tai Xy-ry.
Tii nam 1990 den nay, luc lugng ly khai Duy Ngd NhT d Tan Cuong da tien hanh hang tram cudc bleu tinh, bao loan, khung bd lam chet nhieu ngudi va gay thiet hai kinh te nghiem trgng. Mac du Chinh phli Tmng Qudc da ap dung nhieu bien phap quyet liet, nhung hoat dpng khung bd, bao lyc ciia ngudi Duy Ngd NhT thdi gian gan day van dien bien phiic tap, ngay eang gia tang ve sd vu, tinh chat manh ddng, nguy hiem ban, lan rdng ra nhieu dia phuang eiia Trung Qudc.
Dien hinh la cae vu viec: Khiing bd danh bom bang xe hai d Quang trudng Thien An Mdn, Bie Kinh ngay 28/10/2013 lam 05 ngudi chet, 38 ngudi bi thuang; khiing bo bang dao, kiem d nha ga xe liia thanh phd Cdn Minh, tinh Van Nam ngay 01/3/2014, lam 33 ngudi ehit, 143 ngudi bi thuong; vu khung bd bang xe bom d
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NGUYEN QUANG THUYEN
thanh phd U-mm-xi, Tan Cuong ngay 30/4/2014 lam 43 ngudi chit, han 90 ngudi bi thuong*^*...
2. Chu tru-ffng, muc tieu, bien phap cua Trung Qudc trong giai quyet van de d Tan Cuffng hien nay
Chii tmang, mue tieu ciia Trung Qudc la khan truang dn dinh tinh hinh an ninh d Tan Cuong, ngan chan boat ddng ly khai, khiing bd lan rgng ra cac dia phuong khac, xay dung Tan Cuong phat trien dn dinh lau dai. Tu Dai hdi Dang Cpng san Tmng Qudc lan thii 18 (thang 11/2012) din nay, Tmng Qudc da 7 lln trieu tap hgi nghj cap tmng uong de ban bac va trien khai ve cdng tac Tan Cuang.
can day nhit, Bd Chinh tri Dang Cpng san Trung Qudc da cd cac cudc hpp rieng va hdi nghi chuySn de cap trung uang ve van dl Tan Cuang. Tai cac hpi nghj nay, lanh dao Tmng Qudc xac dinh chdng ly khai, khiing bd la nhiem vu quan trgng hang dau ddi vdi an ninh trong nudc va thdng qua cac van kien cd tinh cucmg ITnh ve edng tac Tan Cuang, trong dd xac dinh tap trung lap lai dn dinh tri an, hda giai mau thuan, thuc hien doan ket dan tdc, cai thien va nang cao dieu kien sdng ciia ngudi dan tdc thieu sd d Tan Cuang.
Trung Qudc dang thuc hien ddng bd nhilu bien phap giai quylt vin dl Tan Cuong: Tap trung giai quylt eac vdn dl cap thiet, d§ gay biic xiic ddi vdi ngudi dan tdc thieu sd (trong dd cd ngudi Duy Ngd NhT); tang cudng cac ngudn lyc dAy
manh phat triln kinh te - xa hdi d TSn Cuang; day manh thyc hien chinh sach dai doan kit dan tpc (hd trg 50% kinh pH mua nha d nhung khdng dugc chuyin nhugng, 50% tiln mua xe ca nhan va hi trg tim viec lam cho nhiing c^p vg chIng la ngudi Han va ngudi Duy Ngd NhT kit hdn vdi nhau...). U'u tien phat triln gi^
dye, dao tao ddi vdi ngudi Duy Ngd NhT (miln phi phd cap giao due het cSp 3, sinh vien tdt nghiep dai hpc duge Chinh phli uu tien sap xIp viec lam va chd d...);
tang cudng edng tac tuyen tmyen va quan ly thdng tin (tuyen tmyen ve "GiSc mgng Tmng Qudc" va quan diem ve xay dpg chii nghTa xa hdi dae sac Tmng Quoc...;
han chl bao gidi va ngudi nudc ngoai din Tan Cuong); tang cudng cdng tac quan ly an ninh, trat tu va tran ap khong khoan nhugng ddi vdi cac hanh dpng ly khai, khiing bd (dua 200.000 can bp ted nam vung tai hon 10.000 khu dan cu a Tan Cuong; lap dat tren 40.000 camera giam sat d cac khu vuc trgng diem...);
trien khai ehien dieh tmy quet khiing bo tren toan qudc tu thang 6/2014 - 6/2015, trpng tam la Tan Cuong (cho phep cac luc lugng ehdng khiing bd "dugc quyfin ban ngay" trong trudng bgp can thiet)''.
3. Van de nguoi Duy Ng6 NhT roi bo Trung Quoc; dir bao nhirng tac dong anh huong den nhiem vy bao ve an ninh bien gioi cua Vift Nam thdi gian toi
Tai Tmng Qudc, nhiing ngudi tham gia cac td chiic Hdi giao cue doan, hoSc
16-
NGHIEN Cliu TRUNG QUO'c so 3(175) - 201Scd hanh vi bao lyc chdng chinh quyln se bi chinh quyln Trung Qudc trSn ap quylt liet, lam lien luy tdi ca gia dinh, ddng hg.
Vi vay, khi rdi bd Tmng Qudc, ho thudng di ca gia dinh, hoac nhdm gia dinh. Khi bi phat hien, truy bat, hg rat manh ddng, san sang tan cdng lai lyc lugng chuc nang, hdng thoat than vi niu bi bat gifl:, trao tra ve Trung Qude hg se phai ganh chiu hau qua rat nang ne. Cudi thang 4-2014, cd 16 ngudi Duy Ngd NhT (Tan Cucmg, Trung Qudc), bao gdm 10 nam, 04 nil va 02 tre em da nh|p canh trai phep vao lanh thd Viet Nam thudc dia ban quan ly eiia Ddn Bien phdng Hai Hda (tinh Quang Ninh) va da bi lyc lugng tuan tra ciia Ddn bat giii. Khi chuan bi thue hien viec trao tra cho Cdng an Bien phdng Trung Qude theo quy dinh, nhdm ngudi nay da manh ddng eudp vii khi va tan edng luc lugng bien phdng dang thuc hien nhiem vu tai Tram Bien phdng Cira khau Bac Phong Sinh lam 02 can bp bien phdng hy sinh, 05 can bd, chien sT bien phdng bi thuang.
Trudc su tran ap manh me ciia Chinh phu Tmng Qudc, cung vdl su ldi keo kich dgng dia cae td ehdc Hdi giao cue doan d ben ngoai, tinh trang ngudi Duy Ngd NhT tim each rdi bd Tmng Qudc di lanh nan va tira "tu do" ngay cang tang. Hanh trinh cua hp thudng la tu Tmng Qudc qua Viet Nam hoac Lao, Mi-an-ma, den Campuchia, Thai Lan va Ma-lai-xi-a de tilp tuc din eac nudc khac. Ket qua dieu tra cho thay, hien nay ed khoang 900.000
ngudi Duy Ngd NhT da rdi bd Tmng Qudc theo hinh thiic nay.
Hoat ddng truy quet cung rin, quyet liet ciia Chinh phii Tmng Qudc da thu dupc ket qua kha quan ban dau, cac vu khiing bd da giam rd ret. Ciing vdi cae ehinh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, nang cao ddi sdng vat chat, tinh than va cung cd doan ket dan tdc, tinh hinh chinh tri xa hpi va an ninh, trat tu d khu vyc Tan Cuang dan dugc cung ed va tung budc dn dinh.
Tuy nhien, van dl TSn Cuang va tinh hinh khiing bd d Tmng Qudc se cd dien bien phiic tap, khd giai quyet triSt de, vi cac nguyen nhan: Chia re dan tdc giua ngudi Duy Ngd NhT va ngudi Han da tdn tai lau ddi va rat sau sac, viec giai quyet van de Tan Cuang ciia Chfnh phii Tmng Qudc van nang ve sii dung bao luc, do dd khd lam cho ngudi Duy Ngd NhT thay ddi y chi ly khai; luc lugng Hdi giao cue doan qudc te va cac the lyc thu dich vdi Tmng Qude tang cudng hd trg cho lyc lugng Iy khai trong nudc hoat ddng chdng pha chinh quyen; mdt bd phan lyc lugng Hdi giao Duy Ngd NhT cue doan d Tan Cuang da di tan sang cac dia phuong khac va ra nudc ngoai tao ra nguy co khiing bd Ian rdng ca trong va ngoai nudc.
Nhu vay, tinh trang ngudi Duy Ngd NhT tim each trdn ra nudc ngoai ti nan thdng qua cac nudc lang gieng ciia Tmng Qudc, trong dd cd Viet Nam thdi gian tdi se tiep tuc'dien ra. Van de nay se gay khd khan cho luc lugng lam cdng tac quan ly
NGHIEN cOU TRUNG QUfiC so 3(175) - 2016
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NGUYEN QUANG THUYEN
bien gidi cua Viet Nam, nay sinh van de nhay cam khi xii ly vu viec lien quan den ngudi Duy Ngd NhT nhap canh trai phep, tiem an nguy ca xay ra cac boat ddng khiing bd nham vao cac ca quan va ngudi Tmng Qudc tai Viet Nam va Viet Nam cd the trd thanh dia ban an nau, tni chan, hoat ddng lau dai ciia ngudi Duy Ngd NhT.
De chu dpng phdng tranh, phat hien, dau tranh ngan chan nhiing tac ddng anh hudng ciia tinh hinh tren vao bien gidi nudc ta, vdi ehiic nang la luc lupng ndng cdt, chuyen trach quan ly, bao ve chii quyen, an ninh bien gidi qudc gia, bd dpi bien phdng can tiep tuc quan triet cho can bd, chien sT khdng dugc la la, mat canh giac trong qua trinh thuc hien nhiem vu tren bien gidi. Tang cudng cdng tac nam tinh hinh, trao ddi thdng tin vdi lyc lugng bao ve bien gidi ciia Tmng Qudc va thudng xuyen td chiie tuan tra, kiem soat chat ch6 tai nhihig dudng mdn, ldi md tren bien gidi de kip thdi phat hien, ngan ehan cac nhdm ngudi Duy Ngd NhT nhap canh trai phep vao Viet Nam. Ddng thdi, khi tiln hanh bat giQ, xu ly ngudi Duy Ngd NhT nhap eanh trai phep vao Viet Nam phai dam bao nhanh chdng, tuyet ddi an toan, diing phap luat va trao tra cho Cdng an Bien phdng Tmng Qudc theo diing quy dinh thda thuan ciia hai ben. Ben canh dd, lyc lugng bao ve bien gidi hai ben cin tang cudng phdi hgp trong diln tap chdng khiing bd tai khu
vyc bien gidi, ciia khau, noi tap tmng ddng ngudi nham chu dgng ddi phd vdi;
eac tinh hudng, vu viec khiing bd do ngudi Duy Ngd NhT gay ra trong thdi gian tdi.
Van dl ngudi Duy Ngd NhT d Tan Cuang rd rang la van de an ninh ndi b6 ciia Tmng Qudc nhung lai cd tac dpng tryc tilp va sau sac din an ninh bien gioi Viet Nam. Vi vay, viee nghien cihi tim hilu dl dua ra nhiing du bao cu thi, ehinh xac, tir dd cd ddi sach, bien phap ddu tranh phu hgp la hit sue quan trgng va can thiet nham bao vg an ninh quoc gia, giii gin trat ty an toan xa hdi d khu vuc bien gidi trong mgi tinh hudng.
CHU THICH:
1. Cue Trinh sat BO dpi Bien phong (2014), Thdng bdo ve vdn de ngudi Duy Ngo NhT a Tdn Cuong va chu truong, bi?n phdp gidi quyet cm Trung Quoc thdi gian gdn day, (S6: 1341/TB- CTSngayll.l2),HaN9i.
2. Cue Trinh sat Bg dgi Bien phong (2015), Bdo cdo 5 ndm kel qud cong tac irinh sat bien phong, (S6: 1247/BC-TS ngay 25.11), Ha NOi
3. Vi?n Nghien cuu Trung Qu6c (2013), Xa hgi Trung Qudc tromg qua trmh trdi dgy va nhihig vdn di dat ra cho Viet Nam, Ha N0i.
