Thi triroTig dat dai doi voi doanh nghiep khu VUC tu* nhan & Viet Nam
Nguyen Dinh Hda'"' Tran Thi Vict Ha'"'
Tdm tat: Ddt dai Id mgt trong nhung ddu vdo .sdn xudt I lee iii'p can ddt dai cd y nghTa quan trgng ddi vdi cdc thdnh phdn kmh ti. nhdt la doanh nghiep khu virc tu nhdn Bdi viet di cap den qud trinh cdi cdch. van hdnh thi tnrdng ddt dai vd thuc trgng tiip can ddt dai cita doanh nghiep khu vuc tu nhdn.
Til khoa: Thj tmdng dat dai. Doanh nghiep. Doanh nghiep khu vye tu nhan, Viet Nam Abstract: Land is among production inputs Land access, therefore, is important to economic .sectors, especially private enterprises. The paper focuses on the process of reforming and operating land market and reality of land access by private enterprises.
Keywords; Land Market. Enterprises. Private Enterprises, Vietnam 1. M d d a u
Dat dai la mot ttong nhiing dau vao san xuat. Hinh thanh va phat trien thj tmdng dat dai van hanh theo co che thi tmdng la mgt ttong nhirng ndi dung quan ttgng cua phat ttien nen kinh te thi trudng djnh huong xa hdi chu nghTa. Vdi viec chuyen ddi tir nen kinh te ke hoach hda sang nen kinh te thi ttudng, dat dai chinh thitc dugc thira nhan la hang hda. Ciing vdi dd, Nha nude lien hanh cai each cac chinh saeh ve dat dai theo hudng timg budc xda bd bao cap ve dat dai eho cac thanh phan kinh te va ehu) en sang dau gia quyen sir dung dat. Phap luat \ e dat dai ciing cd nhirng dieu chinh ve qu\ en va '•'TS , Vien Kinh te Viet Nam. Vi^n H4n ISm Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam,
Email: nguyendinhhoaktpt@gmail com '"'Vien Kinh le Viet Nam, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc x3 hoi Viet Nam,
nghia vu binh dang giiia cae ddi tugng sii dung dat. Nhimg cai each nay lao ra mdi tmdng eanh tranh binh dang hon va dieu kien tiep can quyen sir dung dat ddi vdi doanh nghiep khu vye tu nhan.
2. Khai quat khung phap ly ve thj trudng dat dai eho su phat trien eiia doanh nghiep khu vuc t u n h a n
Hinh thanh va phat trien thi Imdng dit dai van hanh theo co che thi tmdng dugc xem la mgt edng cu quan trgng va giup phan bd, sii dung hieu qua ngudn lyc nay.
Q Viet Nam, nhin chung, khung khd phap ly v l dat dai ngay cang dugc cai thien tren cac phuong dien ve quyen sii dung dit, ddi tugng su dung dat, quyen duoc giao va sii dung dit ngay cang binh dang va canh tranh giiia cae thanh phan kinh te, va qua trinh giao dat, thue dat ngay cang minh bach hon. Nhiing cai each nay gdp phan thue day
Tht trucmg dat dai...
phat triin thi tmdng dat dai va hoan thien tiie chi kinh te thi tmdng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghTa.
Sd lugng cac quyen ddi vdi sir dung dat khdng ngimg dugc bd sung gop phan chuyen quyen sir dung dat thanh mgt loai lai san, dieu nay thiic day qua trinh tai phan phdi lai dat dai vdi tu each la ngudn lyc san xuat den nhirng noi cd ndng suat cao hem, theo co che thi trudng. Tren co sd Luat Dat dai nam 1993, Luat Dat dai nam 2003 ke thira va bd sung hinh thanh 9 quyen eo ban ddi vdi quyen sii dung dat.
Trong giai doan 2003-2013, Luat Dat dai nam 2013 tiep tuc hoan thien cac quyen ciia quyen sir dung dat. Mac dii vay, quyen the chap bang quyen sir dung dat mdi ehi dugc phap luat thira nhan vdi eac td chiic tin dung cd tu each phap nhan cua Viet Nam, chua dugc thuc hien tai cac td chiic lin dung nude ngoai.
Luat Dat dai da cd nhung bd sung ddi tugng sir dung dat, gdp phan tang miic do bao phu cac nhdm dan cu va cac td chiic kinh te - xa hdi ttong nude cung nhu qudc te. Luat Dat dai nam 2003 bd sung ddi lugng la ngirdi Viet Nam dinh eu d nude ngoai; td chiic. ea nhan nude ngoai dau lu vao Viet Nam theo phap luat ve dau tu. Luat Dat dai nam 2013 bd sung nhdm ddi tugng sir dung dat bao gdm cac doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tir nude ngoai, trong dd cd doanh nghi?p 100% vdn dau tu nude ngoai, doanh nghiep lien doanh, doanh nghiep Viet Nam ma nha dau tu nude ngoai mua cd phan, sap nhap, mua lai theo quy dinh cua phap lu^t vc dau tu. Viec bd sung ddi tugng sir dung dat cd y nghTa trong viec tdng them chil the tham gia vao thi tmdng dit dai, dac biet la thi tmdng bit dgng san. Viec cho phep giao dat cho ngudi nude ngoai se giup tao ra mgt mdi tmdng kinh doanh
canh tranh hon. qua do gdp phan nang cao hieu qua su dung dit.
Luat Dit dai (nam 2003 va nam 2013) cho phep ngudi sii dung dit dugc lua ehgn giao dat cd thu lien sir dung dit hoae thue dat. Doanh nghiep sir dung dat cd quyen lua chgn hinh thiie tta liin thue dit mgt lan hoae nhieu Ian. Viec dua ra cac lya chgn nay nham tao dieu kien thuan Igi de khuyen khich cac chu thi tham gia vao thi tmdng dat dai. Luat Dit dai nam 2013 tiep tuc xu hudng thu hep cae trudng hgp dugc Nha nude giao dat khdng thu tiin sir dung dat, giao dat cd thu lien sir dung dat, chuyen co ban sang ap dung hinh thiie thue dat; thyc hien eo che dau gia quyen sir dung dat khi giao dat cd thu tiin sir dung dat, cho thue dat.
Viee thuc hien nghTa vu ddi vdi quyen sir dung dat dugc binh dang giua cac ddi ttrgng sir dung dat la doanh nghiep trong nude va nude ngoai. Luat Dat dai nam 2013 eho phep cac doanh nghiep trong nude va nude ngoai deu cd quyen lua ehgn thue dat tra lien hang nam hoac tta tien mgt lan. Luat ciing eho phep Viet kieu va doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu nuoc ngoai cd the duge kinh doanh bat dgng san, tir dd tao ra mgt mdi Irudng kinh doanh canh tranh, dong thdi nang cao hieu qua sir dung dat.
Diem lien bd ttong Luat Dat dai nam 201.3 la the che hda nguyen tae cap giay chung nhan quyen su dung dat (Dieu 98), cac tai san gan lien vdi dat dai, bao ve quyin lgi ciia nhiing ngudi cd quyen sir dung dit khi giao djeh. Luat Dat dai nam 2013 khdng quy dinh thdi gian giai quyet ddi vdi timg thu tuc hanh chinh ve dat dai, nhung bd sung quy dinh ve cdng khai thu tuc hanh chinh ve dat dai. Dieu nay giup ngudi dan va doanh nghiep nam dugc quy trinh va thdi gian, ttach nhiem ciia cac co
34 Th6ng Mn Khoa hpc xa hdi. 56 T 2020 quan ttong viee giai qu\ et timg loai thii luc
hanh chinh.
Mirc do can thiep ciia NTia nude vao thi tmdng dat dai ciing da cd sy cai thien theo hudng van hanh theo nguyen lac thi tmdng.
Luat Dat dai nam 2003 va ndm 2013 rung budc ap dung co che dinh gia dya tten nguyen lac sat vdi gia thi tmdng. Khung gia dat va phuong phap xac dinh gia dat dugc Chinh phu ban hanh hing ndm. Co chi hinh thanh khung gia dat da ed sy tham chilu vdi gia tu do va pham vi ap dung khung gia dat cung da ed sy thu hep. gdp phan md rgng tim anh hudng eua eo che thi tmdng ddi vdi eae loai hinh giao dieh.
Ben canh cai each Luat Dat dai, cac luat cd lien quan nhu Luat Nha d. Luat Kinh doanh bat ddng san, Luat Doanh nghiep, Luat Dau tu.. , va cac van ban dudi luat la hanh lang phap 1) cung duge bd sung, siia ddi lao dieu kien cho sy phat trien ciia thi trudng dat dai, dieu tiet thi Inrdng bat dgng san, bao gdm ea \ iec tao lap, giao dich, xac lap quyen sd hiiu, quan ly khai thac, su dung san pham bat ddng san va quan ly cac chu the tham gia thi trudng.
3. Thj frirdng cac loai dat phuc vu eho san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep
- Thay ddi co cdu sir dung ddt: Luat Dat dai nam 2003. sira ddi nam 2013 da dem den su phat ttien nhanh chdng cho thi trudng dat dai, the hien thdng qua quy hoach va chuyen ddi muc dich sir dung dat dai. Cdng nghiep hda va do thi hda dan tdi nhu cau ehuyen ddi muc dich su dung dat tdng nhanh. Neu nhu vao nam 1993 Viet Nam cd tdi 32%) dien tieh dat chua sir dung (tuong duong 10.498.300 ha), thi con so nay da giam xuong cdn 26,9% vao nam 2003 va 8,9%. vao nam 2013 va din nam 2018 la 6,4%. C o eau dien tich dit ndng nghiep tang, tir 62,3% nam 1993 len
66,6% nam 2003 \ a 79,7% nam 2013. de"
nam 2018 dat 82,3%. Quy md dien tich dat chuyin sang eho cac ho^t ddng phi ndng nghiep ciing tang len nhanh chdng. Tinh din nam 2013, ty ttgng dien tich dat phi ndng nghiep tang len 11.41" o. tuong duong khoang 3,78 trieu ha (tang tiiem 1.65 ttieu ha so vdi nam 2003) va nam 2018 la 3,75 ttieu ha (chiim 11.3%) (Tdng cue Thdng ke,2019).
- Thj tnrdng ddt sdn xudt ndng nghiep:
Theo sd lieu tir Diin ddn Ndng nghiep miia thu 2019 do Lien minh Ndng nghiep Viet Nam phoi hgp vdi Vien Nghien ciiu kinh te va chinh saeh (VEPR) td ehire, dien tich dat san xuit ndng nghiep binh quan dau ngudi d Viet Nam la 0,25 ha. Trong thdi gian qua, thi tmdng quyen sii dung dat ndng nghiep da phat triin nhanh vdi ty le dien tich dat ndng nghiep dugc thue, mua ngay cang lang. Tuy nhien, van cdn nhieu rao can chinh sach trong tich ty dat ndng nghiep, nhu: i) han muc nhan chuyen nhuong sir dung dat ndng nghiep van cdn ban che, khdng qua 10 lan han miie duge giao; ii) doanh nghiep ttong nude khdng dugc giao dat cd thu tien sir dung dat ndng nghiep ma chi dugc thue dat de dau tu san xuat ndng nghiep; iii) doanh nghiep nude ngoai khdng dugc phep nhan chuyen nhugng quyen sir dung dit. Dac biet, quyen tai san ddi vdi dit ndng nghiep chua dugc dam bao nhu eac loai dit khae (do ehua cd sd hiiu). Trong khi do, chua cd quy djnh rd vai ttd eiia Nha nude trong viec hd trg doanh nghiep thue lai hoac nhan gdp vdn bang quyen sii dung dit ndng nghiep quy md Idn (Theo: Do Huong, 2019). Dien tich dat nong nghiep dugc dua vao eac giao dich mua ban va cho thue van cdn thip so vdi dien tieh dat ndng nghiep dugc sii dung. Nguyen nhan la do viec cap giay ehiing nhan quyin sir
Th| trudng ddt dai... 35 dyng dit dat ty le chua cao, nhal la dat lam
nghiep va dit nudi ttdng thuy san. Dac biet, viec gdp chung til ca cac manh dat vao moi giiy chung nhan quyen sir dung dat khien cae hg gia dinh mudn ban hoac chuyen nhugng bat ky mgt manh nao ttong sd nhiing manh dat dugc giao se gap khd khan, bdi neu thyc hien giao dich se phai buy bd giay chung nhan quyen sir dung dat da cap va xin cap lai, gay ton kem chi phi, thu tuc ton thdi gian.
Thi trudng cho thue ddt tgi cdc khu cdng nghiep: Thyc hien chinh sach khuyen khich va thu hiit dau lu, thi trudng bat dgng san phuc vu san xuat cdng nghiep da bat dau hinh thanh vdi su ra ddi cua cac edng ty dau tu kinh te ha tang cac khu cdng nghiep. Ke tir khi thanh lap khu cdng nghiep dau tien nam 1991 (khu cdng nghiep Tan Thuan), den nam 2019 ca nude ed 326 khu cdng nghiep vdi tdng dien ti'ch dat ty nhien 95,5 nghin ha; trong do, dien tich dat cdng nghiep cd the cho thue dat 65,6 nghin ha. Ben canh cac khu cdng nghiep, Viet Nam con cd be thdng cac cum edng nghiep dugc thanh lap bdi cac uy ban nhan dan cap tinh de phuc vu cac doanh nghiep trong nude vdi quy md Wra va nhd. Tinh den nam 2018, da cd 650 cum cdng nghiep vdi tdng dien tich la 28.000 ha. Mac dii dien tich dat khu eong nghiep tang len nhung dien tieh cd the cho thue va dien tieh da cho thue cdn thap. Cho den nam 2019, ty le lap day eae khu cong nghiep dat khoang 74% (Vy Quan ly Khu kinh t l - Bg K I hoach va Dau lu, 2019).
- Thi trudng bat ddng sdn: Giai doan 2000-2019 chiing kien su bimg no cua thi tmdng bat ddng san, nhit la dit do thi. Dien tich dat xay dung dd thi cua ca nude tdng nhanh. Binh quan hang nam cd khoang 66.027.100 m^ dat d dugc cung ling cho thi
tmdng, ttong dd dien lich nha d rieng le vao khoang 63.164.300 m^ va dien tich nha d chung cu vao khoang 2.862.900 m' (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2019).
4. Tiep can dat dai cua doanh nghiep khu vue t u n h a n
Dat dai la ngudn lyc quan trgng, cd the sii dung lam tai san the chap de vay vdn ngan hang. Do dd neu khdng cd kha ndng tiep can dat dai vdi chi phi va thii tuc hgp ly, quyen sii dung khdng duge bao dam se la bat lgi Idn ddi vdi doanh nghiep. dac biet la ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep khu vuc tu nhan.
Dii da cd nhieu cai thien nhung eae doanh nghiep khu vuc tu nhan van gap nhieu khd khan ttong qua trinh tiep can dat dai.
- Tiep can thdng tin vd quy hogch sir dung ddt
Ve van de tiep can quy hoach dat dai, khdng it doanh nghiep lu nhan khd khan khi tim cac hang muc quy hoach ve dat dai. Bdo cdo ve Chi sd hieu qud qudn tri vd hdnh chinh cdng cdp tinh a Viet Nam (PAPI)^ cho thiy, trong nam 2018, chua tdi 25%» sd ngudi tta loi dugc biel ve quy hoaeh/ke hoach sii dung dat khu vye minh sdng. Chua d i n 30% cho biet hg ed eo hgi tham gia gdp y kien cho ke hoach sir dung dit (CECODES, VFF-CRT, RTA & UNDP, 2019). Theo Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL, 2018), nam 2018 Viet Nam hien x i p thii 61/109 qudc gia ve tinh minh bach tten thi tmdng bat dgng san.
Khd khan dau lien ma cac doanh nghiep phai vugt qua la viec tiep can thdng tin ve quy dat, quy hoach sii dung dat, ke hoaeh sir
' Chi s6 PAPI do luong va so sanh trai nghiem \k cam nhan ciia nguoi dan ve hi?u qua va chit lu<mg thirc thi chinh sach va cung cip dich vu cong cua chinh quyen dia phuong is 63 tinh, thanh pho tai Viet Nam.
36 ThOng «n Khoa hpc xt hOl. sO 7 2020 dung dat va cac dy an cua cac dia phuong.
Viec khdng cd quy hoach sir dung dit cang lam tang them thu tuc hanh chinh (vi phai xin chii tmong ve quy hoach) % a tang them kha nang nii ro ciia eo che "xin - cho".
- Thuc trgng tiip can ddt dai cua doanh nghiep khu vuc tu nhdn
Theo kel qua dieu tra ciia Bdo cdo Chi sd ndng luc cgnh tranh cdp tinh (PCI) ndm 2018 ddi vdi 10.681 doanh nghiep hoat dgng tai 63 tinh/tiianh nSm 2018. doanh nghiep dang gap nhieu khd khan ttong viec tiep can dat dai, md rgng mat bing kinh doanh. Cd tdi 16% tdng sd doanh nghiep khao sal tta loi ed khd khan v l tim kiim dat dai, mat bing kinh doanh phii hgp. DSe bi?l, cae doanh nghiep khu vuc tu nhan ed quy md nhd, nhat la nhirng doanh nghiep vira va nhd, cac doanh nghiep non tre gap khd khan ttong tiep ean dat dai vdi ty le cao hon (Hinh 1 va Hinh 2).
Cae doanh nghiep cho biet, sau khi nhan chuyen nhugng quyen su dung dat, hg gap rat nhieu phien ha ttong cac thii tuc ve giai phdng mat bang, bdi thudng cho ngudi dan hay eae thu ttie quy dinh khac cua tinh (44% sd doanh nghiep tta loi). Khoang 1/3 so doanh nghiep danh gia quy hoach dat dai cua linh chira dap ling dugc nhu cau phat ttien eiia doanh nghiep; 1/4 sd doanh nghiep nhan dinh viec cung cap thdng tin dfr lieu ve dat dai khdng thuan lgi. Thieu qiiy dat sach, giai phdng mat bang cham, gia dat theo quy dinh cua Nha nude cao...
(Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam. 2019).
Nhin ehung. cac doanh nghiep nha nude thudng tiep can dat dai va mat bang san xuat kinh doanh de dang hon, thuan lgi hon so vdi khdi tu nhan; va 70% mat bing kinh doanh hien nay ttong nen kinh te dang thude quyen quan ly va sir dung cua
HlDb 1: T> If doanh ngklfp g«p Mio > ^ ' "
Iheo qny mo doanh nghlfp (^•)
lllnh 2: T> Ic doanh nRhifp g^p kh6 khan iheo so nIm ho^t d^ng
cua doanh nghif p (%)
DiTOT 5 nSin Tir 5-10 TiiU-20 nitm nam
Ttea 20 nSm Ngiion: Phong Thuong mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam (2019).
doanh nghiep nha nude. Thyc te van tdn lai tmdng hgp cac tap doan va tdng cdng ty nha nude duge co quan cd thim quyen phe duyet uu tien ttong tiep can d i t dai hay cdn dugc tiep can dat dai vdi gia re hon so vdi gia thi tmdng. Ben eanh cac doanh nghiep nha nude, cac doanh nghiep dau tu true Uep nude ngoai (FDI) ciing de dang tiip can dit dai hon cac doanh nghiep tu nhan ttong nude, nhat la d cac du an Idn. Chinh quyin dia phuong thudng danh uu tien cho viec thu hdi, cap dat eho eac du an FDI, vi ddi vdi chinh quyen dia phuong, thu hut FDI la uu lien hang dau do tiem nSng tang tmdng ciia eac dy an dd. Khdng chi vay, doanh nghiep FDI cdn dugc mien tien thue
Tht truong dat dai... 37 dai ttong 3 din 15 ndm ke hi khi xay dyng
xong nha xudng (tiiy ITnh vuc, dia ban).
Doanh nghiep FDI con dugc mien hoac giam tiin sir dung dat tir 30% den 70% (Bd Kc hoach va Dau tir, 2017). Dua vao kel qua dieu tta Chi sd ndng luc cgnh tranh cdp tinh (PCI) ndm 2018 ed the thay, van cd tdi 32.4% doanh nghiep cho biet cac linh cdn uu lien, uu ai doanh nghiep nha nude va doanh nghiep FDI hon cac doanh nghiep tu nhan, con sd nay da giam so vdi 41,2% nam 2017 (Phong Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam, 2019).
- Thdi gian, thu tuc vd cdc chi phi ddi vdi vi^c tiep can ddt dai cua doanh nghiep khu vuc tu nhdn
Thu tuc dai dai la mgt trong nhiing thu tuc hanh chinh phiic tap nhat trong cac loai thii tuc hanh chinh. Chinh vi vay cd den hon 30% doanh nghiep cho biet cd chi tra chi phi khdng chinh thiic de day nhanh thu tuc dat dai. Tuy nhien "tham nhung Idn" cd dau hieu giam bdt so vdi nam 2017. NSm 2018 cd 48,4% doanh nghiep ddng y vdi nhan dinh "chi tra 'boa hdng' la can thiet de cd co hdi thang thau"
(Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam. 2019), ttong khi nam 2017 ty le nay la 54.9% (Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam, 2018).
Theo khao sat ciia Vien Nghien ciiu Quan ly Kinh te Tmng uong v a T o chiic Trg giup doanh nghiep vira va nhd, mgt doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai mat tmng binh 230 ngay va 7 thu tue de cd dugc giay chiing nhan quyen sir dung dat (Dan theo: Tran Ngge Himg, 2018). Day la thdi gian qua dai de doanh nghiep cd the cd dugc giay chiing nhan quyen sii dung dat, vi thi doanh nghiep thudng sir dung dit d l san xuit kinh doanh ttong khi khdng cd giiy chung nhan quyen sir dung dat. Ngoai ra, viec cdng
bd quy hoaeh dat dai nhung khdng dugc trien khai trong mgt thoi gian dai ciing nhu nhieu quy hoach dat dai khdng dugc cdng khai minh bach da lam anh hudng ldi tam ly dn dinh boat ddng san xuat kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep.
5. Ket luan va khuyen nghi ehinh saeh Khu vye kinh te tu nhan, doanh nghiep khu vye tu nhan ngay cang dugc khing dinh ddng vai ttd quan trgng trong nen kinh t l Viet Nam. Tuy nhien ttong qua trinh boat ddng, doanh nghiep khu vuc tu nhan van edn gap nhieu khd khan, nhit la trong vi^e tiep can dat dai. Nham giai quyet van de nay, ttong thdi gian tdi can tap tmng vao nhiing van de co ban sau:
Thir nhdt, ty do hda hon nira v l thi tmdng dat dai (nit ngdn thdi gian, don gian hda thu tue va limg budc xda bd eo ehe kiem soat gia hoac ndi long quyen dinh gia cua doanh nghiep) de cae giao dich dat dai dien ra thuan lgi, tao dieu kien cho doanh nghiep tiep can dat dai phuc vu san xuat.
Tren thyc te hien nay, viec mua/ban, cho thue dat, nhat la dat san xuat ndng nghiep, van gap khdng il khd khan. Nha nude can day manh hon niia viec phan bd dat dai dya theo co che thi tmdng (thdng qua canh ttanh, dau gia quyen su dung dat) de ngudn luc nay den dugc vdi nhung ngudi sir dung hieu qua, bdi cac doanh nghiep nha nude va FDI van dugc uu dai hon ttong tiep can dat dai.
Thir hai, can minh bach ve quy hoach dat dai de doanh nghiep tiep can dugc eac thdng tin ve quy hoach hoach sii dung dat.
Tmdc het, ddi vdi nhiing noi da ed quy hoach su dung dit, Nha nude can dn dinh quy hoach su dung dat de doanh nghiep cd Ihl dinh hudng dia diem xin phep dit d i u tu, kinh doanh. Day manh ling dung cdng nghe thdng tin theo hudng cdng bo
38 ThOng Mn Khoa hpc xfl hOI. 56 7 2 cac thdng tin va quy hoach sii dung dit tren
mang Internet va cac ling dung la giai phap hiiu hicu de tang eudng tinh minh bach nay. Trien khai dich \-u cdng trye tuvin (cap do 3 va cap do 4) ttong viec giai quyit cac hd so, thii luc \'a cac giao djeh v l dit dai nhdm giam thdi gian. thu tuc va chi phi eho doanh nghiep. Viec gan camera quan sal tai cac khu \irc giai quyci cac thu tuc hanh chinh dat dai cung giup tdng eudng linh minh bach \ a han che cae chi phi khdng ehinh thiic.
Thu ba, thay ddi md hinh \ a co ehe van hanh khu cdng nghiep, cum cdng nghiep cho cac doanh nghiep \ira va nhd.
Hau het cac khu cdng nghiep, cum cdng nghiep dugc cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh ha tang tiep nhan dai va \."i\ dyng ha tang, sau dd cho cac doanh nghiep khac thue lai.
Cach lam nay khdng phu hgp vdi cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd bdi cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh ha tang khu cdng nghiep, cum cdng nghiep tinh dat thuong pham (tham chi la dia Id chenh lech) ddi vdi doanh nghiep su dung dat a
Tiii lieu tham khao
1. Bd K I hoach va Diu tu (2017), Di dn tdng thi chinh sdch cgnh tranh qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
2. CECODES, VFF-CRT, RTA & UNDP (2019), Chi sd Hiiu qud Qudn tri vd
Hdnh chinh cdng cdp tinh a Viet Afl"' (PAPI) 201S Do luimg tir kmh nghU'm thuc tiin cua ngirdi ddn. Ha Noi . Do Huong (2019), "Phai huy quyen su
dung dat ndng nghiep nang cao kmh tl". Bdo dien tu Chinh phu, http://
baoehinhphu.\ a'Vinh-ie phal-huy-quyen-- su-dung-dat-nong-nghiep-nang-cao-kinh- le/378208.vgp, tmy cap ngay 20/6/2020.
4. Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) (2018), Global Real Estate Transparency Index.
5. Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam {2018), Chi sd ndng lire canh tranh cdp linh PC 7 ndm 2017, Ha Ngi.
6. Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam (2019), Chisd ndng luc cgnh tranh cdp tinh PCI ndm 2018, Ha Ngi.
7. Tdng cue Thdng ke (2019), Niin gidm Thing ke ndm 2018, Nxb. Thing ke.
Ha Ngi.
8. Trin Nggc Hiing (2018), Tham luan Hgi thao ve Phdp lugt va thuc tiin ve tiip can ddt dai cita doanh nghiep tgi Viet Nam, Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam td chirc, ngay 30/06/2018, Ha Ngi.
9. Vu Quan ly Khu Kinh t l - Bg K I hoach va Dau tu (2019), Bdo cdo tinh kinh thdnh Idp vdphdt trien khu cong nghiep, khu kinh te 6 thdng ddu ndm 2019, http://
www.mpi.gov.vn/Pages/tinbai.aspx?
idTin=43533&idem=54, tmy cap ngay 28/5/2020.
