NGHIEN cuu KHOA HOC
ANH HUONG CUA TIENG ON
DEN THINH LUC BO DOI HAI QUAN TAI DON VI X
Khuong V a n Chu'\
N g u y e n V d n Chuyen^ Hodng Cao Sq^
TOM TAT:
Thiiy thu tau Hai quan chiu phai nhiem tieng on co hai, anh hactng den thinh Inc. Nghien ciiu nham danh gia miic dp tieng on tai mot so vj tri lam viec va anh hudng ciia chiing den thinh lire ciia bg doi Hai quan Iii doan X.
Ket qua nghien ciiru cho thay da so cac mau do tieng on tai cac vi tri lam viec cua bp dgi tren tau tai Lii doan X vupt tieu chuan ve smh cho phep, muc on cao nhat len tai 128,8 dBA. fy le giam thinh lire la 20,%, tudi nghe cang eao tht ty le giam thinh luc cang cao va miic do giam thinh luc cang nang, giam thinh nang hon a nhom nghe co dien. Co 30% nhan vien nganh co dien bi giam thinh luc miic do trung binh va nang.
ABSTRACT
Most mainne soldiers has exposuser of hazardous noise and It influences to the hearing functions. The study were carried out on some working places of the sailors of X marine unit.
The results show that, most samples of noise don't meet to the hygienic standards and the exposure level reach at 128.8 dBA. The rate of hearing imperment is 20%. The hearing imperments are related to working year olsd and more seriously in group of generator worker in the ships.
l . D A T V A N D E
Tieng on la mgt trong nhiing yen to gay 6 nhiem moi truong lao dgng. Theo thong ke cua Hgi chong tieng on the giai thi tai cac nuac cong nghiep phat trien co tir 1/4 den 1/3 so nguoi phai lam viec trong moi truang tao dgng CO tieng on o miic gay hai [5], [7]. Trong moi trucmg lao dong quan su co nhieu nganh nghe chiu tac dgng cua tieng on CO cuang dp Ion nhu Phao binh. Tang- Thiet giap, Khong quan, Hai quan, Cong binh, Co gi6i ..
Doi voi lyc lugng hai quan, tieng on chii yeu phat ra tir dpng CO tau la loai tieng on co tan so lan va cuong dO lan, rat c6 hai den siic khoe nguai lao dgng, dac biet la doi voi bp dgi nganh nghe ca dien phai chiu anh huang true tiep tieng on tir dgng ca tau hai quan.
Vi vay, chiing toi tien hanh nghien ciiu nay nham muc tieu xac dmh miic do tieng on tai mpt so vj tri lam viec va anh huang ciia chiing den thinh lire ciia bo dpi hai quan tai dan vi X.
2. Doi twang va Phucrng phap nghl§n cuu 2.1. Doi tirffng, dia diem, thffi gian nghien cuu
* Doi tirffng nghien cii'u
Can bp, chien si Hai quan tai don vi X lam viec tren cac tau Hai quan.
Cuong dp tieng on tai cac vi tri lam viec ciia bo dgi Hai quan don vi X.
1. Quan chung Hai Quan, 2. Hoc vien Quan y, 3. BV da khoa TP.Nam Dinh
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I SO 13-Thang 11/2014
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CONGDONG 2014
* Dia diem vd tho'i gian nghien cuu - Dia diem nghien ciiu: Lir tau X, Quan chiing Hai quan.
- Thai gian nghien ciiu: thang 5- 7 nam 2014.
2.2. Phu'O'ng phap nghien ciru:
2.2.1. Phu-ffng phdp xdc dinh circfng dp tiing dn:
Cuang dp tieng 6n dupe do bSng may do ti^ng on CO phan tich dai xin hien s6 Quest 2100 (ciia hang Quest). Khi do, micro cua may dat ngang t^m tai, each nguoi do 0,5m, do it nhat 3 lin, idy gia trj trung binh.
Dan Vl do dBA.
2.2.2. Phuang phdp xac dinh thinh lire
*Phuang tien do:
+ Buong each am:
Tai dan vi, buong do thich luc dupe tign hanh trong mot phong nho, a nai tuong doi yen tmh, co am n^n
<35 dB.
+ May do;
Do thinh lire so bp bang may Amplivox 240, may co 7 tin s6 chinh 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 va 8000
Hz. Cuong do toi da la 95 dBA. Tai thirc dia do thinh lire so bg 4 tin s6 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz, cuang dp 0- 95 dB vai moi muc tang giam 5 dB a ca duang khi va duong xuang, may phat dupe tieng ii trSng voi cac tan so moi miic lang giam la 5 dB de gay tieng li che lap khi can thiet.
* Xac dinh muc do giam thinh lire:
Tinh nguang nghe trung binh (PTA) theo Fowler Sabine
p-p . _ dg(50Q) + dB(lOOO) + dB(2000) -I- d g ( 4 0 0 0 ) 4
- Mat nghe theo %: dua vao nguong nghe trung binh, tra bang Fowler Sabine tinh su Ihieu hut nguang nghe cho tirng tai.
- Tinh su thieu hut siic nghe ca hai tai:
% thilu hut = [(%thiau hut tai t6t x 7) + % thieu hut tai xau]/8
- Phan loai muc dp nghe kem theo Feilmann - Lessing.
3. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA BAN LUAN
3.1. Ket qua do tiSng on tai cac vi tri Iam viec ciia bo doi hai quan dffn \ i X
Bdng 3.1. Cud'ng dp tieng on tai cdc vi tri lao dpng khi tdti ch^ybdng dong cff diesel
" \ , T h a m so Vi tri L i 3 \ ^ Khoang dieu khien BChoang loi Khoang may Khoang thoat khi Cong
X + SD (dBA) 113,3+7,2 87,2+9,5 118,6+9,6 87,2+5,5
Min — Max (dBA)
96,0- 120,5 85,8-96,7
98,0- 128,8 80,8-93,7
Tong so mau
100 100 100 100 400 Tieu chuan 3733/2002/QD-BYT
Khong dat TCVS Mau
khong dat 100 100 100 92 392
Ty le % 100,0 100,0 100,0 92,0 98,0
< 85dBA/8 gio lao dpng
P
> 0 , 0 5
Co 98,0% miu tiSng 6n tai tit ca cac vi tri lap dong khong dat tieu chuin ve sinh cho phep. Tit ca cac mau do duoc o khoang may, klioang loi va khoang diSu khien dju vitcrt tieu chuan cho phep. Trong do, khoang may va khoang diiu khiSn CO nguong 6n cao nhat, co thai diem cuong do tiing 6n dat 128,8 dBA. Sir khac biet giiia cac vi tri lao dong khong CO y nghia thong ke (p>0,05).
S O U - l h a n g U / Z O H I
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Bang 3.2. Cuong dp tieng on tai cdc vi tri lao dpng khi tau chay bdng dpng cff dien
^ \ T h a m so Vi tri L D \ ^ Khoang dieu khien Khoang loi Khoang may Khoang thoat khi Cong
X + SD (dBA) 90,3±10,2 86,2+10,5 92,2+10,2 86,2+11,5
Min - Max (dBA)
80,1- 100,5 76,7-96,7
82,2- 102,6 75,7-97,7
"
100 100 100 100 400 Tieu chuan 3733/2002/QD-BYT
K h o n g dat T C V S S6 m§u
65 55 75 52 247
Ty le % 65,0 55,0 75,0 52,0 61,8
< 85dBA P
< 0 , 0 5
Cuong dp tieng on tmng binh cao nhat lai khu virc khoang may (102,6 dBA) voi 75,0% mlu do khong dat heu chuin v? sinh lao dong, tiep den la khu vuc virc khoang digu khien (65,0%) va khoang loi (55,0%). Su khac biet co y nghia th6ng ke voi p<0,05 3.2. Ket qua do thinh lu-c
Bang 3.3. Kit quapltan tfcit sii' thiiu liut siic nghe theo dB (ii=40) Thieu hut sue nghe theo dB S6 luong I Ty le _ 20-40dB" I ^ TT I " 5,0
4 f ^ 0 d B ^ 4 ^ ^
61-80dB J 1 ^ j
>81dB Cong
10,0 2,1"
2,5 20fl
Kef qua nghien ciru tren 1 ^ > tren cho thay co 20,0% can bp, chijn sT lam viec tren cac tau tai Lu doan X bi giam siic nghe. Trong do, chu yeu thieu hut siic nghe o miic trung binh (10,0%) va nhe (5,0%).
Bang3.4. KStqudphan tich su-thieu hutsii-c nghe theo % (n=40}
I Thieu hut n g u a n g nghe theo % '" _f5"-25%"
; 26-35=7"
S o l u g n g 1 3 ^ 2
1
i
_ 0 ^ 0
Ty Ie », 2,5 7^5 5 2,5 2^5
I T
0 0 20
Ket qua phan tich sir thieu hut sue nghe theo % thieu hut cho thjy tit ca cac doi nghien ciiu bi giiSm siic nghe 6 mite duoi 65 /,. Trong do, ty le giam sue nghe cr miic 26-35% chiSm ty le cao nhit (7,5%), tiSp dSn ia giam 36-45% chiSm 5 /o, Ty le giam siic nghe a miic 46-65% chi6m ty le thip hon (2 5%)
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I s o 13-TTiang 11/2014I Websiie: yhoccongdong vi
CONGDONG 2014
Biiu dd 3.1. Ty le nghe kem nghe kem theo tuoi nghe (n^40) (* p<0,05)
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 J-
50
•"
' 12.5
<S nam 5 -10 nam >10 nam
Bdng 3.5. Ddnh gid miiv dp nghe kem theo tuoi nghe
Tuoi nghe
<5 nam ( n - 16) 5-10 nam ( n - 10)
> 10 nam ( n - 4 ) Cpng (n=40)
Nghe kem nhe n 2
1
0
3
%
12,5 10,0 0 , 0
7 , 5
Nghe kem trung binh n 0
3
1
4
%
0 , 0
30,0 25,0 10,0
Nghe kera nang n 0
0
1
1
%
0 , 0
0 , 0
25,0 2 , 5
Cpng n 2
4
2
8
%
12,5 40,0 50,0 20,0
Ket qua tren Bieu d6 3.1 va bang 3.5 cho th4y, ty le giam tliich luc tang dSn theo tu6i nghg ciia bo dgi lam viec tren tau tai Lir doan X.
Nhom CO tu6i nghg diroi 5 nam co ty le giam thinh lire chiSm 12,5%, nhom co tuoi nghi 5-10 nam co ty le giam thinh luc la 40% va nhom CO tu6i nghi tir 10 nam tra len ^am thinh luc 50,0%. Su khac biet co y nghia thong ke vol p<0,05. Cac d6i tirong giam thinh luc trung binh chi phat hien dugc a cac d6i tuang co tu6i nghe > 5 nam, giam thinh lire nang chi gap d d6i tugng co tuoi nghe > 10 nam.
Bdng 3.6. Ddnh gid muc dp nghe kem theo nhom nghe
T u 6 i n g h 6
N g h e CO d i e n ' ( n - 1 0 ) Dit3u k h i e n
| _ t a i i - ( . i - 1 2 ) T o n g iioT^
( n - 1 8 ) C p n g (11-40)
N g h e k e m n h e n
0
0
3
3
%
0,0
0 , 0
16,7
7,5
N g h e k e m t r u n g b i n h n
2
2
0
4
%
2 0 , 0
16,7
0 , 0
1 0 , 0
N g h e k e m n a n g n
1
0
0
1
%
10,0
0 , 0
0 , 0
2 , 5
C o n g n
3
2
3
8
%
3 0 , 0
1 6 , 7
1 6 , 7
2 0 , 0
SO 13-Thang 11/2014 I Website yhoccongdong.vn I
p'-^<0,05,p'-'<0,05.
Ty le giam thinh luc gap cao nhat cr nhom nganh nghg co dien, ty le giam thinh luc thSp hem a nhom nghg digu khien tau va nhom nghe tong hgp. Co 30,0% nhan vien nganh co dien bi giam thinh lire, ty le nay chi la 16,7% o nhom nghe dieu khien tau va tong hop. Da phan cac truong hgp nghe kem trung binh va nang tap trung a nhom nghg cadien. Trong do, 2/4 trucmg hgp nghe kem trung binh va l/I truang hgp nghe kem nang la nhan vign nganh co dien.
Nhu vay, cac ket qua tren cho thay, ty le bg dgi lam viec tren tau tai Lir doan X bi giam thinh lire kha cao (chiem 20,0%). Hau het cac nghign cuu deu cho thay nhirng ngirai lam vigc tiep xiic voi tieng on Ion dgu co ty le giam thinh lire cao. Nghign cuu ciia Nguyen Quang Hung va CS [2] cho thay ty le mac benh digc nghe nghiep a cong nhan siia chiia may bay ciia Quan chung Phong khong - Khong quan la 11%, sua chira xe tang ctia Binh chiing Tang Thiet giap la 14,66%. Nghien cuu ciia Lg Trung va Nguyen Thj Toan [6] a U nha may xi nghigp, vai so lugng 14000 cong nhan tiep xiic voi tieng on trgn 90 dB da thay ty le mac benh diec nghe nghiep la 10,94%. Nghien cuu cua Pham Xuan Ninh onhan vign bao duang may bay AN-26 thay ty le giam thinh lire la 11,59% [4]. Nhu vay, lam viec tiep xiic vai tigng on lan da gay ra giam thinh luc va benh diec nghe nghiep.
Muc do giam thinh lire cGng ty lg thuan theo tuoi nghe, trong nghien cuu ciia chiing toi da cho thay tuoi nghg cang cao thi ty le giam thinh luc cang cao va miic do giam thinh luc cang nang. Kgt qua nay cung phii hgp voi cac nghien cuu cua Nguygn Quang Hiing [2] khi nghien cuu ty le giam thinh lire a cac cong nhan lam viec trong cac nha may cong nghigp quoc phong, hay nghien cuu ciia Pham Xuan Ninh [4] khi nghien cuu giam thinh lire a cong nhan sira chiia may bay AN-26
KET LUAN _ nhan dan den giam thinh lire ciia bg dgi. Ty le giam thinh Da s6 cac m§u do tigng on tai cac vj tri lam viec ciia luc ciia bg dgi lam viec tren tau tai lu doan X la 20,0%, bo doi tren tau tai Lii doan X dgu khong dat tieu chuan tuoi nghe cang cao thi ty le giam thinh luc cang cao va ve sinh lao dgng cho phep, cuang do tieng on nSm trong miic do giam thinh luc cang nang. Tinh trang giam thinh khoang tir 80,8 - 128,8 dBA khi tau chay bang dgng ca lire va miic dg giam thinh nang han a nhom nganh co diesel va tir 75,7-102,6 d^BA khi tau chay bang dong ca dien. Co 30% nhan vien nganh cadien hi giam thinh lire dien, thuge miic phai nhiem tieng on co hai va la nguyen miic do trung binh va nang.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Tran Quynh Chi. Nguyen Tnrang San, T rk Thi Chinh (2003), "Buac dSu nghien cijru mpt s6 dac digm tam sinh ly ctia thuygn vjen Viet Nam", Tap chi Y hoc thuc hanh, s6 444, tr 71-73.
2. Nguyen Van Chuyen, Nguygn Minh Phuang, Nguygn Tiing Linh (2014), "Nghign ciiu mot s6 ygu t6 moi tnrang lao dong ciia bg dgi hai quan tau P4^tai dan vj X", Tap chi Y dugc hgc Quan sir, s6 5, thang 6/2014, tr. 32-38.
3. Nguyen Minh Phuong, Nguyin Van Chuyen, Nguygn Van Ba, Nguygn Tiing Linh (2013), "Study on the effect of noise on the hearing onf Su-30 aircraft maintenance soldiers". Tap chi Y duoc hoc Quan su, s6 7, thang 9/2013, tr. 40-45.
4. Pham Xuan Ninh (2003), Nghien cuu anh huang ciia Nhiet do, dp am, tigng 6n len mgt s6 chi s6 sinh hgc a nguai trong moi trucmg lao dgng quan su va de xudt bien phap kh5c phuc, Luan an tign sy sinh hgc, Dai hpc Qu6c gia Ha Npi.
5. Le Tmng (1990)_, Tac hai nghg nghigp cua tigng 6n", Benh nghg nghiep. Tap II, NXB Y hgc. Ha Ngi, tr.3-19.' 6. Le Trung, Nguyen Thi Toan (1993), "Bigu hien ciia digc nghg nghiep o cong nhan tiep xuc vai rung cue bo t§n s6 cao", Tap chi ve sinh phong dich, Tong hpi Y hgc Viet nam (3), tr. 1-19.
7. Habermann J. (1980), "Noise and the ear", Environmental health, pp 30-31.
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