THE EFFECTIVENESS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ( PBL )
MODEL BASED ON LESSON STUDY USING eXe LEARNING
MEDIA TOWARD MOTIVATION AND STUDENT
LEARNING OUTCOMES IN REDOX TOPIC
A THESIS
Submitted to the Chemistry Education Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Education
By:
IKA IRAYANI. S
Registration Number: 8146142017
CHEMISTRY EDUCATION PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATED SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thankful to Allah SWT, for all His grace and blessing that provides health and wisdom to writer, so this study can be done well and accordance with the planned time. Title of thesis is “The Effectiveness Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Based on Lesson Study Using eXe-Learning Media Toward Motivation and Student Learning Outcomes in Redox Topic.”
This thesis arranged to obtain the degree of Magister Education in Chemistry Education Programmed, Post Graduate School, State University of Medan (UNIMED). In this opportunity, the writer would like to express the greatest thanks to:
1. Sir Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, as a Rector State University of Medan.
2. Sir Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd, as Director of Post Graduate School. 3. Sir Prof. Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M.Si, as Head of Chemistry Education
Programmed and examiners counselor, advices, suggestion, guidance and constructive comment in process of completing this thesis.
4. Sir Dr. Mahmud, M.Sc as secretary in Chemistry Education Programmed and supervisor that give valuable time spent in giving guidance, advices, motivation and suggestion during the completing this thesis process. 5. Mom Prof. Dr. Retno Dwi Suyanti, M.Si as thesis supervisor II that give
valuable time spent in giving guidance, advices, motivation and suggestion during the completing this thesis process.
6. Sir Dr. Ajad Sudrajat, M.Si as examiner counselor and validation of instrument test for this thesis that give advices, suggestion, guidance and constructive comment in completing of thesis process.
7. Mom Dr. Nurfajriani, M.Si as examiner counselor for advices, suggestion, guidance and constructive comment in completing of this thesis process.
8. Sir Sofyan Siregar, S.Ag as principle of SMA Swasta Al-Ulum Medan. 9. Sir Dani Wahyudi, S.Pd as chemistry teacher in SMA Swasta Al-Ulum
that give permit, suggestion, and motivation.
iv
10. Specially, for my lovely father Hasan Basri Siregar and lovely mother Rosmilan Rangkuti, thank you so much to them that never forget from heart, that always become inspiration, suggestion, spirit and motivation, that give love with all of heart and soul, strong and stiff to pass the life, they acquiesce in giving the happiness for writer and always pray writer in every time.
11. And also thanks to my beloved brother Rizky Kurniawan & Syafitrah that give spirit and motivation for completing of thesis process.
12. Especially for to Muhammad Zusanri Batubara, S.Pd, M.Si, that give his time, motivation, suggestion, praying and spirit to accompanied and entertained during do the research after this thesis finish.
13. And than thanks to all my friends in Chemistry Post Graduate Programmed for support and also all whose names that can’t be mentioned one by one, the writer would say “thanks for everything”.
Finally, the writer hopes this thesis would be useful for those who would like to explore more about the learning strategy that suitable to learn Redox Reaction, especially of chemistry education programmed. The writer realizes that thesis is still far from being perfect therefore, critique and suggestion are needed for further improvement of this thesis.
Medan, March 2016 The Writer
Ika Irayani. S
v ABSTRAK
Ika Irayani. S: Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dengan Media eXe-Learning Terhadap Motivasi Dan Hasil
Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Reaksi Redoks: Tesis. Medan:
Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jika: (1) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbasis Lesson Study menggunakan media eXe-Learning dan Model Pembelajaran Expository berbasis Lesson Study tanpa menggunakan media eXe-Learning terhadap hasil belajar. (2) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh hasil belajar siswa antara motivasi tinggi dan motivasi rendah. (3) Terdapat interaksi antara Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbasis Lesson Study menggunakan media eXe-Learning dan Model Pembelajaran Expository berbasis Lesson Study tanpa menggunakan media eXe-Learning dengan tingkat motivasi siswa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas X IPA di SMA Swasta Al-Ulum Medan yang terdiri dari 4 kelas tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah random sampling. Sampel penelitian yang terdiri dari 2 kelas, yaitu kelas X IPA 4 dan X IPA 6. Setiap kelas pada kelas control dan eksperimen melakukan uji analisis normalitas, homogenitas dan hipotesis. Uji normalitas dan homogenitas menunjukkan bahwa data telah terdistribusi normal dan homogen. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data hipotesis menggunakan analisis varians ANAVA dua jalur dengan General Linier Models (GLM) Univariate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbasis Lesson Study menggunakan media eXe-Learning dan Model Pembelajaran Expository berbasis Lesson Study tanpa menggunakan media eXe-Learning terhadap hasil belajar. dengan nilai sig (0,000) < α (0,05), maka hipotesis pertama diterima. (2) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh hasil belajar siswa antara motivasi tinggi dan motivasi rendah dengan sig (0,002) < α (0,05), maka hipotesis kedua diterima. (3) Terdapat interaksi antara Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbasis Lesson Study menggunakan media eXe-Learning dan Model Pembelajaran Expository berbasis Lesson Study tanpa menggunakan media eXe-Learning dengan tingkat motivasi siswa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. dengan nilai sig < α (0,02 < 0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan hipotesis ketiga dapat diterima.
vi ABSTRAC
Ika Irayani. S: The Effectiveness Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Based on Lesson Study using eXe Learning Media toward Motivation and Student
Learning Outcomes in Redox Topic: Thesis. Medan:
Chemistry Education Post Graduate School State University of Medan, 2016.
This research have the purpose to know if: (1) There different influence Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model based on Lesson Study without using eXe -Learning media toward student learning outcomes. (2) There different influence student learning outcomes between high motivation and low motivation level. (3) Interaction between Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model based on lesson study without using eXe-Learning media with level of student motivation toward student learning outcomes. The population in this research is all of student class X SMA Swasta Al-Ulum Medan academic year 2015/2016 that have 4 class. The sample are chosen is random sampling, sample that take is X-science 4 and X-science 6(all of student in experimental & control class). Every class in experimental class and control class doing analysis normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis test. Normality and homogeneity test can shown from the data is normal distributed and homogeneous. Technique of analysis data using analysis variance two way ANOVA with General Linear Model (GLM) Univariate. Result of research such as: (1) There different influence Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model based on Lesson Study without using eXe-Learning media toward student learning outcomes. Application learning models toward student learning outcomes obtained significant values sig (0,000) < α (0.05), So first hypothesis accepted. (2) There different influence student learning outcomes between high motivation and low motivation level. Application of learning models towards student motivation level obtained significant values (sig) = 0.002, where the value sig (0,002) <α (0.05), so second hypothesis accepted. (3) Interaction between Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model Based on Lesson Study without using eXe-Learning Media with level of student motivation is significant influence against student learning outcomes. Result test obtained by Sig. < α (0.02 < 0.05) it could be concluded the third hypothesis are accepted
Keyword: Problem Based Learning (PBL), Lesson Study, Student Learning Outcomes, Student Motivation
vii
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1. Learning Process 10
2.2. Learning Outcomes 11
2.3. Expository Model 12
2.3.1 Weakness and Strengths Expository Model 13 2.4. Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model 14
2.4.1 Syntax Teaching Problem Based Learning (PBL) 15 2.4.2 Special Criteria of Teaching based Problem 16 2.4.3 The Purpose of Teaching based on PBL 17 2.5 Definition of Media 17 2.5.1 Computer Media in Learning Process 19 2.5.2 eXe-Learning as a Media 19
2.6 Lesson study 21
2.6.1 Step-step in Lesson Study 22 2.6.2 Important aspect in strategy Lesson Study 26
2.7 Motivation 27
2.7.1 Intrinsic Motivation 27 2.7.2 Extrinsic Motivation 27
2.8 Redox Reaction 30
2.9 Relevant Research 30
3.0 Conceptual Framework 32
3.1 Research Hypothesis 33
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 34
3.1. Place and Time Research 34
viii
3.2. Population & Sample 34
3.2.1 Population 34
3.7. Technique Collecting of Data 41
3.7.1 Validity Test 41
3.7.2 Reliability 42
3.7.3 Difficulty Level 43
3.7.4 Different Index 44
3.8. Technique Analysis of Data 45
3.8.1 Prerequisites Test 45
3.8.2 Questionnaire Testing 46
3.8.3 Hypothesis Testing 46
3.8.4 Percentage of Improved Learning Outcomes 47
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION 49
4.1. Instrument for measure Learning Outcomes 49 4.1.1 Validity Instrument Test 49
4.1.2 Reliability 49
4.1.3 Difficulty level of Instrument 50
4.1.4 Distinguish Index 50
4.2. Description of Research Data 50 4.3. Development of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Page Table 2.1 Syntax Problem Based Learning (PBL) 15
Table 2.2. Relevant Research 30
Table 3.1 Research Design 35
Table 3.2 Latticework of Intrinsic Motivation 38 Table 3.3 Latticework of Extrinsic Motivation 38 Table 3.4 Criteria Percentage of Respondents 46 Table 4.1 Description of Pretest data based on Learning Model 52 Table 4.2 Description of Posttest data based on Learning Model 52 Table 4.3 Description of Gain data based on Learning Model 53 Table 4.4 Description of Motivation Data in Experimental Class 54 Table 4.5 Description of Motivation Data in Control Class 54 Table 4.6 Result of Normality Test Data 55 Table 4.7 Result of Homogeneity Test Data 56 Table 4.8 Result of ANOVA learning models test, motivation level
Of student and Interaction learning model 57 Table 4.9 Description of average Gain based on Learning Model 59 Table 4.10 Result of Average Gain based on Motivation level
(High & Low) 60
Table 4.11 Result of Average Gain Based on Motivation Level in
x
LIST OF FIGURE
Page Figure 2.1 Phase of Lesson study 22 Figure 2.2 View Picture of Lesson Study 26 Figure 3.1 Research Procedure 40 Figure 4.1 Distribution Gain score using Problem Based Learning
(PBL) Model based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning
Media 53
Figure 4.2 Distribution Gain score using Expository Model based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning Media 54 Figure 4.3 Graph of Average Gain in Experimental & Control Class 59 Figure 4.4 Graph of Average Gain Student Learning Outcomes based
On Student Motivation Level 61 Figure 4.5 Interaction between Learning Model & Level of Student
Motivation 64
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Today science becomes an important concern world wide. Progress of a
nation can be measured from level of mastery of science. Chemistry as a part of
science is also one discipline to be mastered, so chemically active learning
engaging and quality are needed. Competency Based Curriculum is a curriculum
that emphasizes the concept of capacity to perform tasks with certain performance
standard, so the results can be felt by students, such as mastery of a particular set
of competencies (Nurhadi, 2004). Education is not only focused on mastery of the
material, but at also emphasized mastery of skills (characters). Students must also
have the ability to do something by using scientific principles and processes that
have been mastered, learning to know, and learning to live together must be
achieved in teaching learning activity (Sanjaya, 2010). Furthermore when
researcher done observation in SMAN 2 Kisaran, student learning outcomes in
subjects chemistry is still relatively low, based on the results of observations with
chemistry teacher was found from 43 students only 15 people (35%) were valued
at a minimum completeness criteria established 82. Student learning outcomes
become low caused by somethings, such as low student interest, an explanation of
material carried by student teachers have not fully understood and lack of
discussion groups.
Motivation in learning process is very important in attainment
achievement. According Sugihartono (2007) motivation is a condition that can
caused certain behavior and give direction in behavior. High motivation in
2
learning process can we see from spirit of student that not surrender to get a
success. Sunyono (2006) say “Decreasing student achievement was caused of
difficulty in understanding concept of chemistry & low interested in chemistry
lesson”. The low activity, interest & chemistry student learning outcomes can be
caused by several factor, among others: (1) student are given no direct experience
in observing a material, so that student assume chemistry is abstract & difficult to
understand and don’t get motivation. (2) The model was used to teach are less
variable & are not innovative, so make the bad condition like sleepy, bore, or even
noisy. Needed a creative teacher to create learning. Intrinsic motivation is very
necessary to be developed because motivation is purely arise in student's own,
without any outside influence. Intrinsic motivation is motivation that lives in
students and useful in learning situations that functional. However, expect the
emergence of this motivation is not easy, this may be due to students do not like
the lesson. Increased motivation doing because in general, child's motivation to
learn is low. Efforts to increase motivation and ideally knowledge of quality
improvement of the learning process undertaken by teachers to offer a learning
model that can increasing student achievement. Learning model that is able to
change negative views of students on a lesson to be enjoyable. This learning
model as not only bring fun to learn, but it will also give a positive impact to
development of cognitive and social aspects.
Trianto (2009) says that "Students will be easier to find and understand of
difficult concepts if they were discussions with his friend". This is reinforced by
recognition of teachers that students consider difficult chemistry courses.
3
all at once as indicators in increasing quality of education. Learning process, have
two part that very important things such as model of teaching and learning media.
These two aspects very related. Selection of one models in teaching will be affect
type of appropriate media, although there are various aspects that must be
considered in choosing media (Arsyad, 2002). In this case, model that used not
only using model-based approach to teacher centered but student centered. Good
model in teaching must be appropriate with characteristics of subject matter that
will be explain, so created of model and media very needed. According Killey
(2005), Problem Based Learning (PBL) has advantages in helping students to sort
problem abstraction, problem definition, and problem refinement, to help develop
critical thinking, verbal and writing communication can develop with discussion
group. Problem Based Learning (PBL) model lead students are more motivated to
work hard if comparison with traditional teaching where activity of students very
little (Graff and kalmos, 2003). Problem Based Learning are developed improve
interpersonal skills, critical thinking, search information communication, respect
and teamwork (Sungur and Tekaya, 2006).
According Suyanti teacher as professional workers should facilitate him
with a set of experience, skills and knowledge about teacher. Many teachers in
teaching still seems just abort obligations (Mukhtar, 2007). Thus teacher should
be able to arrange a way to develop professionalism of teachers with probe or test
their teaching practice in order to become more effective and precise so that all
the learning objectives are achieved. Mutiara (2014) research with entitled
"Implementation of Scientific Approach based Lesson Study on the law of
4
Affective aspects of students, which include honesty, cooperation, precision and
cleanliness. While the students psychomotor aspects, including how to use tool,
heat the substance and measuring in class X SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak. Results
that ability of affective aspects and psychomotor aspects of student very good
with an average of 87% in affective aspect and psychomotor aspects 90% after
learning by using a scientific approach based on lesson study.
Communication tool can be used to transmit information from the source
to students participating in learning activities (Situmorang and Silitonga, 2011).
Existence of learning media can help student in study. Chemistry lecture is a
lesson that difficult categories. According (Dale, 2013) using of media also need
consider the composition of amount information obtained by students through
sense of sight around 75%, through sense of hearing around 13% and through
other senses around 12%. Learning with use sense of sight will give benefit to
students. Learning with computer media have a good function as a
communication tool in delivering course material. According (Situmorang and
Silitonga, 2006) the conclusion is student interest amounted to 35.06% and
improvement of learning outcomes by 54.80% when using multi media. Efforts to
improve quality of education constantly done both conventional and innovative.
Government has also made efforts to improve education system, either through
arrangement of software (software) and hardware (hardware). One of computer
application that can be used to create teaching materials are eXe Learning
(elearning XHTML editor). This application can use by teacher in making
teaching materials that not master of HTML programming, because application is
5
eXe-Learning media higher 21% of student learning outcomes without using
media eXe-Learning can increase learning outcomes chemistry student with an
average gain of 0.58 and affect activity of students significantly by 57.4%.
Priyambodo (2010) shows used of application eXe-Learning program in
preparation of learning media in schools to attract and enhance students'
understanding of chemistry and create a fun learning. Advantage of eXe-Learning
media is one of open source application program that used for manufacture of
teaching materials based on e-learning. Operation of teaching materials prepared
by eXe-Learning can be done repeatedly, suitable for students who need a
repetition of learning (remedial), so teachers' time and energy spent more
efficiently.
Concerning with the problems of learning above, the writer is interested
to conducting research with titled "The Effectiveness Problem Based Learning
(PBL) Model Based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning Media Toward
Motivation and Student Learning Outcomes in Redox Topic".
1.2 Problems Identification
Based on the background Explained above, there are some problems are
identified to make the research be focused, they are:
1. Student still less understanding of concept in chemistry lecture, can see in
score that they have is low and not appropriate with Criteria Completeness
6
2. Student still less understanding of concept learning process that can
influenced spirit in learning process because model of learning process not
variation.
3. The lack of a way to develop professionalism of teachers with probe or test
their teaching practice in order become more effective and precise so that
all the learning objectives are achieved, so we need a lesson study.
4. Student still less understanding of concept learning process that can
influenced spirit in learning process because the motivation not optimal.
5. Student achievement in learning process and indicator to increasing quality
of education very less, so we must attention media that used.
1.3 Problems Limitation
Based on the scope of the problem that has been described above, seen so
many problems arise. Therefore, the discussion of issues that need to be examined
more focused issues.
1. This research focus in application Problem Based Learning (PBL) based
on Lesson Study with utilization Computer media (eXe-Learning) to
increase student Achievement.
2. In this research is limited to Senior High School chemistry class X on
subject Redox Reaction..
3. Learning Model that used is Problem Based Learning (PBL) based on
lesson study.
4. Media that used in learning process is computer media with using
7
5. Research that doing based on Lesson Study.
6. Topic of Redoks Reaction: Including definition of Redoks reaction,
Reduction, Oksidation, application of redoks reaction in daily life.
1.4 Problem Statement
The formulation of the problem in this research is:
1. Is there different influence Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based
on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model based
on Lesson Study without using eXe-Learning media toward student
learning outcomes?
2. Is there different influence student learning outcomes between high
motivation and low motivation level?
3. Is there an interaction between Problem Based Learning (PBL) model
based on Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model
based on lesson study without using eXe-Learning media with level of
student motivation toward student learning outcomes?
1.5 Objective of Study
The purpose of this research based on problem statement is to know:
1. Different influence Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on
Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model based on
Lesson Study without using eXe-Learning media toward student learning
8
2. Different influence student learning outcomes between high motivation
and low motivation level.
3. Interaction between Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on
Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model based on
lesson study without using eXe-Learning media with level of student
motivation toward student learning outcomes.
1.6 Significances on Study
The expected benefits of this research are:
1. For student, as a source in learning so can increasing motivation , activity
and interest in learning activity.
2. For teacher, can improving the quality of teaching and learning process to
make it more attractive, effective, efficient, interactive in an effort to
improve student learning outcomes, particularly on the subject Redoks
reaction.
3. For researcher, as an information and reference materials, researchers who
want to study further about Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Based
on Lesson Study that integrated by using eXe-Learning media in
improving student learning outcomes.
1.7 Operational Definition
1. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a activities that must be performed by
students. Problem Based Learning (PBL) did not expect the students just
9
active students to think, communicate, seek and process data, and finally
concluded (Isjoni, 2009).
2. eXe-Learning Media is a software used for learning system that uses
computer, program is an abbreviation of elearning XHTML editor, which
is a program used to create web-based teaching materials designed to
deliver teaching material becomes easier and interesting (Priyambodo,
2010).
3. Lesson Study is process that use to developed profesionalism of teacher to
investigate teaching process become effective (Daryanto, 2012).
4. Extrinsic motivated is individuals do not engage in the activity out of
pleasure but rather do so to derive some kind of rewards that are external
to the activity it self (Vallerand, 2004).
5. Intrinsic Motivated is motivation that come from themselves of student
without compulsion other people (Daryanto,2012).
6. Learning outcome are also seen to have direct benefits for accrediting
students, learning outside of the class, by providing a clear indication of
what student are expected to achieve in relation to specific awards (Maher,
2004).
7. Redoks Reaction are process involve solid, liquid and gases. they involve
transfer of electron and therefore are delineated as electrochemical
reaction. Such processes actually proceed by two simultaneous
70
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
Based on analysis of data and result of discussion, the conclusion is :
1. There different influence Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on
Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model based on
Lesson Study without using eXe-Learning media toward student learning
outcomes.
2. There different influence student learning outcomes between high
motivation and low motivation level.
3. Interaction between Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Based on
Lesson Study using eXe-Learning media and Expository model Based on
Lesson Study without using eXe-Learning Media with level of student
motivation is significant influence against student learning outcomes.
Average gain score of student that learning with Problem Based Learning
(PBL) with high motivation level > average gain score of student that
learning with Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with low motivation
level > average gain score of student learning with Expository Model
with high motivation level > average gain score of student learning with
Expository Model with low motivation level.
5.2 Suggestion
Teacher must have ability and knowledge to design learning process and
using computer program. Development of learning media with intresting,
especially animation for visualisasion subject matter that connected with daily
71
activity.
Other researcher, that will be doing research can using this research as
comprehend in increasing student learning outcomes of student, especially in
chemistry lecture in application of eXe-Learning Media that can give variation of
learning process.
Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Based on Lesson Study can
application in chemistry lecture because this model better than Expository Model
72
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