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M Yudhisthira’ s Struggle and
a m r a h D e z il a e R o t n o it a v it o
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l g g u rt
s s o f Yudhisthria and hi s moitvaiton to reailze dharma through the it
a z ir e t c a r a h
c ono fYudhisthriai nt heepicMahabharata.
e h t w o h s i t s ri f e h T . s i s e h t s i h t n i d e t a l u m r o f s m e l b o r p o w t e r a e r e h T
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T the psychologica l
approach and t he method used i s t he ilbrary research .Thep irmary sourcei st he h
c i h w c i p
e w as wirtten by K irshna Dvaipayana Vyāsa’ s enitlted The a
t a r a h b a h a
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F isitc s
a e v a
h big i n lfuencet oward hi ssrtuggles t o reailzedharma in hisl fie .Thegood k
a m a ri h t s i h d u Y f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c e a good behavio r and atttiude which i s r
o f e t a ir p o r p p
a dharma. The moitvaiton o fYudhisth ria to reailze dharma si u
o f r o s a h tr a s u r u
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n i m i a e h t d n a e c n e r e f e r e h t s i ti e s u a c e
b fe .Therefore ,Yudhisthria,i saHindu , y
e b o y ll a e
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l deirved from lfie .There are fou rkind so fimpulses ,which n
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O a
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e m o s t e g l li w y e h t d n a , g n il e e f d n a n o it a n i g a m
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c i h w t r a f o d n i k a s i e r u t a r e ti L . e r u t a r e ti l m o r f e fi l t u o b
a w ill give pleasure .
, s e d i s e B . e l p o e p o t e g d e l w o n k o s l a t u b n o it a m r o f n i e v i g y l n o t o n s k r o w y r a r e ti L
n i s a e d i d n a g n il e e f ri e h t s s e r p x e n a c e l p o e
p a ltierarywork .
a t a r a h b a h a M e h
T ist hel tierary work o fancientI ndia .Thisi st heoneo f .
a n a y a m a R e h t s i r e h t o e h t d n a , s k r o w y r a r e ti l t s e t a e r g e h
t K irshna Dvaipayana
e t o r w y ll a n i g ir o , s r e ti r w n a i d n I e h t f o e n o , a s a y
V TheMahabharata . tIi sapoem .
e s r e v g n o l a h ti
2
. g n i h t t n a tr o p m
i Dharmai silkear uleorl awast her eferencet odot he irgh taciton “
k o o b s i h n i d i a s r e m m i Z e h t s A . e fi l n
i Phliosophie sofI ndia” ,dharma isr efer s s
t h g ir d n a s e it u d e h t f o e n ir t c o d e h t o
t o feachi nt hei dea lsociety ,anda ssucht he 0
4 : 6 5 9 1 , r e m m i Z ( n o it c a l a r o m l l a f o r o r ri m r o w a
l -41) .
, y li m a f n w o s i h h ti w r a w e h t s s e l n e v e , r a w e k il t o n s e o d a ri t s i h d u Y
s i h d n a r e h t a f d n a r g , r e h t o r
b ownt eacher .Hehatest okillhumanbecauset hati si n h
ti w n o it c i d a rt n o
c dharma .Butt hen ,a sdharmaoft heKsat iryas ,hemus tdo t he .s
a y ir t a s K e h t s a y t u d s i h m r o f r e p o t r a w
s e v e il e b a ri t s i h d u
Y that i fhe actsi n dharma way ,s hecan fee lpeace o f e
fi l t s e t a e r g e h t t e g d n a d n i
m .
n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P . B
n
I thi sstudy ,the wrtie rdecide sthree discussion matter sin orde r to n
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f conducitng the research analysis .The t wo problem sare stated .
w o l e b
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1 The
a t a r a h b a h a
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w o H .
2 d o the characteirsitcs o fYudhistria in lfuence hi ssrtuggle and g
n i z il a e r n i n o it a v it o
m dharma?
S e h t f o s e v it c e j b O .
C tudy
m e l b o r p n i d e t a t s s n o it s e u q e h t r e w s n a o t s i y d u t s e h t f o e v it c e j b o e h T
y b d e v e i h c a e b o t s i y d u t s s i h t f o e v it c e j b o e h T . n o it a l u m r o
4
r u o i v a h e b , e l o r s i h d n a t s r e d n u o t r e d r o n i s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h m o r f a ri t s i h d u Y t u o
e h t n i y ti l a n o s r e p d n
a Mahabharata .Secondly,t hi sstudywli lrtyt oexplainabou t e
z il a e r o t n o it a v it o m d n a e l g g u rt
s dharma in l fieseen t hrough t hecharacteirsitc s .
a ri t s i h d u Y f o
s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D . D
1 .Dharma a m r a h
D i soneoft hef ou raim sofl fiei nI ndianPhliosophy ,especiallyf o r
e r a e fi l f o s m i a r u o f e h T . u d n i
H artha ,kama ,dharma ,and moksa .In Hein irch “
s ’ r e m m i
Z Phliosophie s o f India” , Dharma i s the thrid o f the fou r aims , s
e it u d l a r o m d n a s u o i g il e r f o t x e t n o c e l o h w e h t s e s ir p m o
c .Dharmaisr eferst ot he
r o w a l e h t h c u s s a d n a , y t e i c o s l a e d i e h t n i h c a e f o s t h g ir d n a s e it u d e h t f o e n ir t c o d
0 4 : 6 5 9 1 , r e m m i Z ( n o it c a l a r o m l l a f o r o r ri
m -4 1 .)
2 .Mo itva iton
“ d e lt it n e k o o b s ’ g n u J n h o J n
I Under tsanding Human Moitvaiton : A A
e v it i n g o
C pproach” said t ha t“asimplebu taccurate deifniiton o fmoitvaiton i s , s e h s i w , s e ri s e d s a s e t a t s e s r e v i d h c u s o t r e f e r t a h t s m r e t e d u l c n i t s u m t I . y s a e t o n
g , s n a l
p oal ,s i ntent ,si mpulses ,andpurposes”( Jung ,1978 :4) .Accordingt oPet ir , n i h ti w r o n o g n it c a s e c r o f e h t e b ir c s e d e w n e h w e s u e w t p e c n o c a s i n o it a v it o M “
s i n o it a v it o m , y d u t s s i h t n I .) 3 : 1 8 9 1 ( ” r u o i v a h e b t c e ri d d n a e t a it i n i o t m s i n a g r o n a
s e d s a d e n if e
d rie soft hemajo rcharacter to ilvei n agood way ,approp iratewtih dharma.
3 .Struggle
n i m r e t e d r o t n e l o i v a g n i k a m s i e l g g u rt s t a h t s e n if e d ) 1 4 5 1 : 6 9 9 1 ( e t a b
A ed
.s e it l u c if fi d r e d n u t r o f f
e Webster’ sEncyclopedic Unbridged Dicitonary o fthe e
g a u g n a L h s il g n
E deifned ‘srtuggle ’ a s “the compeititon in nature among o t d n a t n e m n o ri v n e n e v i g a n i s e v l e s m e h t n i a t n i a m o t n o it a l u p o p a f o m s i n a g r o
1 4 1 : 9 8 9 1 , r e t s b e W ( ” d n i k r i e h t f o s r e h t o e c u d o r p e r o t , e v i v r u
s 0) .Srtuggleha sa
r o f g n il g g u rt s y e h t n e h w s e v it o m e v a h n a m u h , n o it a v it o m h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r g n o rt s
t s a , a ri t s i h d u Y , y d u t s s i h t n I . g n i h t e m o
s he majo rcharacter ,ha sto srtuggle to c a o t d n a e c it s u j o d o t , m e h t r o f s s e n i p p a h e h t e v i g o t , y li m a f s i h t c e t o r
p tfo r
dharma, atlhough he and hi sbrother’s lfiei sin ailenaiton i n fores tfo rabou t12 .s
6 I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
R .
A eviewo fRelatedStudies
e l o r e h T . m s i c it ir c d n a c it ir c d a h s k r o w y r a r e ti l e h
T s o fc iritcandc iritcism
. fl e s ti e r u t a r e ti l f o s k r o w e h t p o l e v e d o t d n a e t a u l a v e o t t n a tr o p m i e r a
; n a h m i s a r a N . V i h tr a v a r k a h
C The Mahabharata :An Engilsh Version Based on c
e l e
S ted Verses (1965 )i sa grea tepic story to read and to be ciritcized and ot
e h t r e v o y r o t s e h t t u o b a n e tt ir w s e u q it ir c y n a m n e e b e v a h e r e h T . t u o b a d e k l a t
O . s r a e
y neoft hebes twayst ol ookatt hepieceofl tieraturei scanbes eenthrough g
n it ir w e h
t exisitng . The wrtie r include s some interesitng ciritque s on The a
t a r a h b a h a
M inordert os uppo trt hes tudy. .t e n r e t n i e h t m o r f n e k a t s a h m s i c it ir c e h
T Devdut tPattanaik, in hi sbook d
e lt it n
e Jaya,statest hat , e
h
T story o fMahabharatacon itnuest o i ntirgue ,fascinate ,mesmeirzeand f o t r a e h t t n r a e l e v a h y n a m h c i h w c i p e e n o s i s i h T . e t a d l li t s u e t a v it p a c
t i s a e m it s ’ y a d o t n i t n a v e l e r s a s i d n a g n i v il f o t r a e h t ,s s e n i s u b f o t r a , r a w
. k c a b s r a e y 0 0 0 3 s a w
(http/:t/hebookloversreview.blogspo.tcom/2010/09 r/eview- ajay -illusrtated -g
n il l e t e
r -o .fhtml).
, n o i n i p o s i h o t g n i d r o c c
A Mahabharata si the grea tepic wtih the awesome plo t .
y r o t s e v i s n e h e r p m o c d n
a Thi sepic i svery engrossing read and give sa reade r t
a h t d i a s o s l a e H . y r o t s e h t o t n i t h g i s n i g n i z a m
a Mahabharata i samus tread fo r
d o o g a r o f t s u j r o y g o l o h t y m h ti w d e t s e r e t n i o h w r e d a e r y n
a and spellbinding
. d a e
r Mahabharataist heepict hatf ul lo fknowledgeaboutl fie .
8
s e i r o e h T d e t a l e R n o w e i v e R . B
r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T .
1 s andCharacteriza iton
y d u t s s i h
T d s eal wtih t he main character’ satttiude i n t hestory .Thust he h
c f o y r o e h t e h t t a h t s k n i h t r e ti r
w aracte r and characteirzaiton is needed to d
n a t s r e d n
u moreaboutt hecharacteri n analysis .According t o M.H Abramsi n A s
m r e T e r u t a r e ti L f o y r a s s o l
G ,“characters” refer sto the person presented in a .
k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r
d Thei rmoral ,disposiitonal ,and mora lquailite scanbe s
r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n
i fromt heri dialogueandaciton .Theris peechandaciton s d e ll a c e r a h c i h w e r u t a n l a r o m d n a , s e ri s e d , t n e m a r e p m e t n i d e d n u o r g e r a
. n o it a v it o
m The character salso divided into two ,which are major and mino r .
r e t c a r a h
c The majo ro rmain characte ri sthe mos timpo tran tcharacte rwhich e
h t s e m o c e
b cenrte o fatrtaciton o fa story .Meanwhlie ,a mino ro rsecondary s s e n il e v il e h t s tr o p p u s , e k a s n w o s ti n i ,t a h t r e t c a r a h c t n a tr o p m i s s e l a s i r e t c a r a h c
y r o t s e h t f
o (Abrams, 1981 :20) .The majo rcharacter become sthe focu sin the r
o j a M . g n i d n e e h t o t g n i n n i g e b e h t m o r f , y r o t s e h t f o s e n e c
s characte rhas an
t n a tr o p m
i rolei nas toryandt hemino rcharacte rast hecomplementt os uppo trt he .r
e t c a r a h c r o j a m
c
A haracte r pay san impo tran t role in ltierature work . According to d
e lt it n e k o o b s i h n i , y e l s d r a e B . C e o r n o
M Themeand Form: An Introduciton t o e
r u t a r e ti
l ,state scharacte ri sa vtia lpar to fsubjec tin ltierature o rdrama ,the e
h t t u b , t o l p y b d e t s e r e t n i y l n o t o n s i r e d a e
r reade ralsowantstoknowaboutwha t .)
1 4 6 : 6 9 9 1 ( n e p p a h r e t c a r a h c s e o
0 1
y e
k in astorywhich can makeastory more ilvewhen tir ead .s Thecharactersi s tl
i u b “ n i t n a tr o p m
i -up”t hes tory . k o o b s i h n i r e t s o F . M .
E Aspec to f the Novel ,clarfiie stwo kind s o f .r
e t c a r a h c d n u o r d n a t a lf e r a t a h t ,s r e t c a r a h
c A lfa tcharacte rreferst o characters t u o h ti w d e t n e s e r p y ll a r e n e g e r a s r e t c a r a h c t a l F . y ti l a u q r o a e d i e l g n i s a n i t li u b
a n i d e b ir c s e d e b n a c y e h t o s , li a t e d g n i z il a u d i v i d n i h c u
m simple phrase o r
e c n e t n e
s (1972: 54 -5 7 .)Ont heothe rhand ,ar oundcharacteri smorecomplexand .
s r e d a e r e h t o t s g n i h t n e e s e r o f n u e v i g o t y ti li b a p a c e h t s a
h
n i h ti f fi r
G Wriitng Essay abou t Ltierature divide s character s into .t
s i n o g a t n A d n a t s i n o g a t o r
P The protagonis trefer sto the main characte rtha t s
t h g if y ll a u s
u fo rsomething .Generally, t hi scharacter si descirbed a sa kind and .
n o s r e p e lt n e
g Int heoppostie , theantagonisti susually apersonwho si against a t
s i n o g a t o r
p da n hi so rhert endencyi stowardevli na d fls -e desrtuciton(1990 :48) . t
a h t s n a e m t
I in almos tevery story ha sboth oft hose characters ,the protagonis t d
n
a et h antagonis.t The antagonis talway smake sconfilc twtih protagonis tand y r o t s e h t e k a m o t s t s i x e t s i n o g a t n a e h T . t s i n o g a t o r p h ti w a e d i t n e r e f fi d s a h o s l a
s u o n o t o n o m o n d n a e v il
a .
s i tI . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c s i r e t c a r a h c a s e t a e r c r o h t u a e h t e r e h w s s e c o r p e h T
n a f o y a w a o s l
a autho rgive sdescirpiton abou twha tkind o fpeople he wrtie s t I . m e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t d n a w o n k o t t e g o t s r e d a e r e h t s e k a m e h w o h d n a t u o b a
c it a m a r d d n a e v it a r r a n n i y ll a i c e p s e , s k r o w y r a r e ti l n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a s a h y ll a e r
s i fl e s ti a t a r a h b a h a M e h T . s k r o
w thenarraitvework.
n i y h p r u
M Understanding Unseen (1972 :161-193) ,give snine way sto n i a m e h t f o s e it il a n o s r e p d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t n o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b t e g
: e r a y e h T . r e t c a r a h c
.
a The fris t i s persona l descrip iton . In thi s method , the autho rgive s the e h T . y r o t s e h t n i s e h t o l c d n a e c n a r a e p p a s ’ n o s r e p a t u o b a n o it p ir c s e d
s r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h t s r e d a e r e h t o t e g a m i e h t e v i g n a c s e h t o l c d n a s e c n a r a e p p a
. e v il a e r o m e b n a c .
b Thes econdi scharacterass eenbyanother.I nsteado fdescirbingacharacte r i
dreclty,t heautho rcandescirbe shim o rhert hrough t heeye sandopinion so f .
r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a .
c Thet hridi sspeech .Theautho rcangivet her eader sani nsigh toft hecharacte r .s
y a s n o s r e p e h t t a h w h g u o r h t k o o b e h t n i n o s r e p e h t f o d n a .
d Thefou trh i spastl fie .In astory someitmest heplotj ump t o t hepas tevent s n r a e l r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y B . r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e fi l t s a p e h t s e v l o v n i o s l a t i d n a
o t e u l c a r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h t , e fi l t s a p s ’ n o s r e p a t u o b a g n i h t e m o s
h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v
e apeaperson’ scharacte.r .
e The iftfhi sconversa itono fothers .Theautho rcanalsogivet her eader sclue s s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o c e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a o t
. m i h /r e h t u o b a y a s y e h t
.f The sixth i sreaciton where the autho rcan also give sthe reade rclue sto a s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o h w o n k r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y b r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p
2 1
.
g The seventh i sdirec tcomment .The autho rdescirbe so rcomment son a .
y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p .
h Theeighti sthoughts wheret heautho rgivest hereade rdriec tknowledge o f e w t a h w o d o t e l b a s i e h s / e h , t c e p s a s i h t n I . t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p a t a h w
. e fi l l a e r n i o d t o n n a c
.i Thel asti smannerism where t heautho rdescirbe saperson’ smanne irsmand h
c i h w , s ti b a
h mayalsot el luss omethingabou this/he rcharacte.r
r e ti r w e h t p l e h l li w n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h t e s o h T
e h t d n a t s r e d n u o s l a s r e d a e r e h t s a l l e w s a , a ri t s i h d u Y f o r e t c a r a h c e h t t n e s e r p
. e g a s s e m
2. Theoryo fPersonaltiy
k o o b e h t n
I en itlted Personaltiy Theories , Henry Murray deifne sthe d n a s e t a r g e t n i ti d n a h t a e d o t h tr i b m o r f t n e m p o l e v e d f o s s e c o r p a s a y ti l a n o s r e p
a r r u M ( r u o i v a h e b s ’ n o s r e p e h t s t c e ri
d y in Hjelle ,1981 : 156) .He says tha t l
o i B . n i a r b s ’ n a m u h e h t o t d e t a l e r s i y ti l a n o s r e
p ogically, i tmay bede ifned ast he n
a g r o g n i n r e v o
g , o r superordinate insttiuiton o f the body . I t mean s tha t y a s o s l a e H . y ti l a n o s r e p o n n i a r b o n , y lt r o h S . n i a r b e h t n i d e t a c o l s i y ti l a n o s r e
p s
, t a h t
z i n a g r o , e t a r g e t n i y l e g r a l s e s s e c o r p n i a r b e c n i s , r e h tr u
F eand regulatet he
y ti l a n o s r e p t a h t s w o ll o f t i , g n i n o it c n u f l a c i s y h p s ’l a u d i v i d n i e h t f o t s e r
n i y a r r u M ( n i a m o d l a r u o i v a h e b e h t n i g n i h t e m a s e h t t u o b a o d d l u o w
.) 6 5 1 : 1 8 9 1 , e ll e j h
s e t a t s o s l a e
H in anothe rway t ha tpersonaltiyi swha tmake syou t oday basically .
y a d r e t s e y e r e w u o y t a h t n o s r e p f o d n i k e m a s e h t
4 1
m d n
a ethod so fadjusitng ,temperamen tquailites ,sel fconcept ,role behaviour , s
e it il i b a d n a , s e u l a v , s e d u ti tt a
n o w e i v e R .
C IndianPhliosophy
e h t t r o p p u s t a h t y h p o s o li h P n a i d n I n o s w e i v e r e m o s s w o h s t r a p s i h T
.s i s y l a n a
e fi l f o s m i a r u o F .
1 .
i Z o t g n i d r o c c
A mmeri nhi sbook“Phliosophie sofI ndia”t ha:t
e h t g n i y fi s s a l c f o s y a w l a r e v e s e v a h y e h t o s , u d n i H e r a e l p o e p n a i d n I t s o M “
o n t u b , n w o d g n i d n a h d n a g n i n r a e l h tr o w s a d r a g e r y e h t h c i h w s t h g u o h t
e n e g c i s a b r i e h t f o l a d n e h e r p m o c o t h c i h w r e d n u g n i d a e h e l g n i
s railzaiton s
.) 5 3 : 6 5 9 1 , r e m m i Z ( ” t c u d n o c d n a , e r u t a n n a m u h , y ti l a e r t u o b a
t a h t s i n o it a c if i s s a l c f o m e t s y s t n a tr o p m i t s o m d n a t s ri f e h t t a h t s e d u l c n o c r e m m i Z
5 3 : 6 5 9 1 , r e m m i Z ( e fi l n a m u h f o , s a e r a r o , s d n e r o , s m i a r u o f e h t f
o -42) .Those
e r a s m i
a Artha ,Kama ,DharmaandMoksha.
. 1 Artha
a h t r
A meanst hemateira lpossessions .Thisi swell-knownast hef ris taim .
e fi l f o
e h t , s c it il o p d n a s c i m o n o c e f o e s o h t e r a m i a s i h t e v r e s t a h t s tr a e h T “
u o l a e j t s n i a g a e c n e t s i x e r o f e l g g u rt s e h t n i g n i v i v r u s f o s e u q i n h c e
t sy and
d n a , s t o p s e d f o y n n a r y t g n i y ll u b e h t , li a m k c a l b d n a y n m u l a c , n o it it e p m o c
.) 5 3 : 6 5 9 1 , r e m m i Z ( s r u o b h g i e n s s e l k c e r f o e c n e l o i v e h t
d r o w e h t , y ll a r e ti
L a trha mean s“thing ,object ,o rsubstance.”Thi scomp irsest he t
s t c e j b o e l b i g n a t e h t f o e g n a r e l o h
w ha tcan bepossessed ,enjoyed ,and l ost ,and .
e fi l y li a d n i e ri u q e r e w h c i h w
6 1
.
4 Moksha
e t a m it l u e h t s a d e d r a g e r t a h t e s a e l e r l a u ti ri p s r o , n o it p m e d e r “ s n a e m s i h T
f e h t t s n i a g a d n a r e v o t e s s i h c u s s a d n a , d o o g n a m u h l a n if e h t , m i
a ormert hree”
.) 1 4 : 6 5 9 1 , r e m m i Z (
“ t a h t d i a s y r r e
B Moksha i ssalvaiton by union wtih Brahman .Salvaitoni s e m it e h t f o d lr o w g n i n if n o c , g n it i m il e h t m r o f n o it a r e b il a s a a i d n I n i f o t h g u o h t
d n a l a n r e t e e h t f o d lr o w e v i s n a p x e e r o m e h t o t n i e c n e g r e m e n a d n
a in ifntie . tIi s
, y r r e B ( ” n a m h a r B o t n i n o it p r o s b a d n a e c n e t s i x e l a n e m o n e h p f o n o it c n it x e e h t
.) 4 1 : 1 7 9 1
. m e t s y s e t s a C . 2
e h
T word caste i sfrom the Po truguese word ‘casta’ ,which mean srace , p
m i t s o m e h t s i y t e i c o s n a i d n I n i m e t s y s e t s a C . e g a e n il r o d e e r
b o tran tpar to f
a , m e t s y s e t s a c e h t n o d e s a b s i a i d n I f o e r u t c u rt s l a i c o s e h T . n o it i d a rt u d n i H
. n o it u l o v e r i e h t f o g n i n n i g e b e h t t a s e it e i c o s n a m u h l l a t s o m l a y b d e t p o d a m e t s y s
k o o b s i h n i d i a s r e m m i
Z Ph liosophie sofI ndiatha tcastei sr egardedasf ormingan .
) 2 5 1 : 6 5 9 1 , r e m m i Z ( r e t c a r a h c f o t r a p e t a n n i
s i e t s a c t s ri f e h
T Brahmans . According to Lemairte in Hinduism , “Brahmans i sthe only rtuly reilgiou sone .I tpossesse sthe spritiua lauthortiy ,
n i s e e r g e d g n i y r a v n i e t a p i c it r a p s e t s a c r e h t o e h t h g u o h tl
a sacredr ties .Thi shighly
e s o h w s r e ti r w d n a s r e h p o s o li h p , s l a u t c e ll e t n i f o p u e d a m y l e g r a l s i s s a l c d e z il i v i c
y t u d s ’ n a m h a r B e h T . s k r o w l a c i n h c e t e h t d n a s w a l ,s t x e t d e r c a s y d u t s o t s i ti k r o w
ir p a f o y a w y n a s i ti t a h t g n i h t y r e v e d n a a d e V e h t h c a e t o t s
i eslty nature .They
r o f ” g n i c if ir c a s “ y b t s e ir p a ” n r o b “ e b o t y r a s s e c e n s i ti d n a e c if f o y lt s e ir p d l o h
7 0 1 : 9 5 9 1 , e rt i a m e L ( ” r e h t
o -108 .)
s i e t s a c d n o c e s e h
T Ksatriyas .The Ksartiyas clas si sthe wariro rcaste e
t o r p o t ,t h g ir e h t d n e f e d o t s i ti k s a t e s o h
w ctt heweakand t ousef orcewheneve r f
o s k r o w e h T . d e if it s u j y l e t a m it i g e l s i
ti Ksatriyas are a heroic mind, i nne rfrie , . p i h s r e d a e l e l b o n d n a y ti s o r e n e g , e lt t a b n i e g a r u o c , s s e n l u f e c r u o s e r , y c n a t s n o c
e h t f o e l o r e h t “ t a h t d i a s e rt i a m e
L Ksat iryasclas ,sr epresenitngt henoblitiy ,ilesi n , e rt i a m e L ( ” h t a e d l it n u d r o w s ’ e n o o t l u f h ti a f g n i n i a m e r y b r u o n o h g n i y d o b m e
.) 9 0 1 : 9 5 9 1
s i e t s a c d ri h t e h
T Vaisyas .Thef uncitonoft het hrid o rVaisyasclassi st o t
p ir c s e d y r e v e f o s d o o g l a ir e t a m n i l a e d d n a r e t s i n i m d
a ion .Trade ,ag ircutlureand
f o s k r o w e h t o s l a s i e lt t a c f o g n ir a e r e h
t Vaisyas .Lemairtesaid t ha t“theVaisyas
t a h t m e h t o t s k n a h t s i t i d n a a i d n I f o e d a rt n g i e r o f d n a l a n r e t n i e h t d e m u s s a
s e r e w s f f u t s d o o f d n a s t c u d o r p r e h t o d n a s e n o t s s u o i c e r p , s e li t x e
t old in foreign
o t s d n o p s e r r o c , t h g i e w t s o m e h t s e ir r a c h c i h w e n o e h t ,s s a l c l a i c o s s i h T . s t e k r a m
.) 9 0 1 : 9 5 9 1 , e rt i a m e L ( ” s s a l c e l d d i m e h t
s i e t s a c h tr u o f e h
T Sudras .Thedharmao rdutyoft hisl as tcastei st oserve i
b a s ti f o t s e b e h t o t s r e h t o e e r h t e h
t ltiybymanuall abour .Lemairtesaidt ha t“the
s a r d u
S haveneve rbeenslaves .Theyweref reet o carry on ort o l eavet hei rwork y r e v e s e d u l c n i d n a n o it a l u p o p e h t f o y d o b n i a m e h t m r o f s s a l c r i e h T . n o it c n u f d n a
s d r e h p e h s , s r e n e d r a g , s t n a v r e s : r e k r o w r o d n i
k ,aritsans ,workmen and so fo trh” .)
8 1
D .Theoreitca lFramework
y l p p a l li w r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p s i h t n
I thet heo ire sofl tierature ,such as t heory e
h t d n a r e t c a r a h c n
o ory on characte irzaiton, theory on personaltiy and t heory on n
o it a v it o m n a m u
h .Then, t hewrtie ralso uses therelaiton eb tween l tieratureand .
y g o l o h c y s p
t e h
T heory on characte rand characte irzaiton are appiled in orde r to .
a ri t s i h d u Y f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e
d The t heory o fpersonaltiy i sappiled i n o
t r e d r
o gain the understanding o fthe main character . The wrtie rwant sto .
y ll u f r e t c a r a h c s i h d n a t s r e d n u
t , n e h
T he theory o fIndian Phliosophy i sused to give the understanding e h T n i d n u o f e b n a c s e i h p o s o li h p y n a M . a i d n I n i e fi l f o m e t s y s e h t t u o b a
t a r a h b a h a
M a .Thist heoryhelpt hewrtiert ounderstandt heconten toft hes tory.
9 1
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
.
A Objec toft heStudy
a t a r a h b a h a M e h
T i sone o fthe greates tepic sto ire sfrom ancien tIndia .
d n a r o h t u a d e t u p e r e h t s a a s ā y V a n a y a p i a v D a n h s ir K y b n e tt ir w s i y r o t s c i p e s i h T
. n o i s r e v m e o p e h t n i d e s o p m o c l li t s s a w t
i TheMahabharata i sconsideirngast he
rt s r e ti r w y n a m , e m a c a r e w e n e h t n e h W . d lr o w e h t n i m e o p t s e g n o
l anslated t hi s
. m r o f e v it a r r a n e h t n i y r o t s e h t ll e t e r o t d e ir t y e h t d n a e s r e v y b e s r e v k r o w
s i t c e j b o e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I The Mahabharata :An Engilsh Version Based
s e s r e V d e t c e l e S n
o .Thi sepicstoryi swirttenbyChakravatrh iV .Narasimhanand
b d e h s il b u
p y Columbia Universtiy Pressi n 1965 .I tconsist so f239 page sand i s
: e r a h c i h w , s a v r a P 8 1 o t n i d e d i v i
d Ad iParva ,Sabha Parva ,Aranyaka Parva ,
a y l a S , a v r a P a n r a K , a v r a P a n r o D , a v r a P a m s i h B , a v r a P a g o y d U , a v r a P a t a r i V
n a S , a v r a P i r t S , a v r a P a k it p u a S , a v r a
P t iParva ,Anusasana Parva ,Asvamedha
d n a , a v r a P a k i n a h t s a r p a h a M , a v r a P a l a s u a M , a v r a P a k i s a v a m a r s A , a v r a P
a g r a v
S -ArohanikaParva .
a t a r a h b a h a M e h
T mean s“TheGrea tStoryoft heWa roft heBharatas”.I n
m s i u d n i
H ,i twa ssaid tha tThe Mahabharata i sa huge epic poem o f90,000
f o s e n il o w t e h t s e t a r a p e s h c i h w y rl a v ir s s e l h t u r e h t s e b ir c s e d t I . s e s r e v e l b u o d
, s n i s u o c r i e h t d n a , d n a h e n o e h t n o , s a v a r u a K d e r d n u h e h t , a t a r a h B f o s t n a d n e c s e d
e v if e h
0
s ’ a ri t s i h d u
Y dharma in hi slfie and dharma i sa par to fHindu phliosophy. a
m r a h
D ist he rtuthandt hegoodi nHinduPhliosophy
.
C Methodoft heStudy
s a w d e s u s a w t a h t d o h t e m e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t g n it c u d n o c n
I the ilbrary
s n a e m t i ; h c r a e s e
r that t hewrtie rfound some supporitng data ,both p irmary and y
r a d n o c e
s data ,wasprovidedi n et h ilbrary .Thep irmarydatawast hework tisefl , e
h t s ’ a s a y
V Mahabharata , which wa s rtanslated into an Engilsh version in e h t f o e m o S . n a h m i s a r a N . V i h tr a v a r k a h C y b n e tt ir w e r d n a m r o f e v it a r r a n
h t t r o p p u s h c i h w t e n r e t n i d n a s k o o b e h t e r a d e s u s e c n e r e f e
r e theo ire s and
. m s i c it ir c
s p e t s e m o
S w ere used i n making t hisr esearch .Thef ris tstep wasr eading d
n if o t d e ir t d n a s e m it l a r e v e s r o f l e v o n e h
t t heimpo trantt hingt or evealf romt his d
n a l e v o
n usedi tast het opic .Therefore,t hewrtie rchoseYudhistria’ smoitvaiton e
z il a e r o t e l g g u rt s d n
a dharmaast het opicf ort hiss tudy .Tomaket hiss tudymore .s
m e l b o r p o w t d e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h t , e v i s n e h e r p m o c d n a d e s u c o f
e h t t r o p p u s o t a t a d y r a d n o c e s m o r f a t a d g n it c e ll o c s a w p e t s d n o c e s e h T
y r a d n o c e s e h T . s i s y l a n
a data were from some book s which were taken a s e
c n a d i u
g .Thebookst ha tareusedf ort heoryoncharacte randcharacte irsitc swere s
m r e T y r a r e ti L f o y r a s s o l G
A by Abrams ,Theme and Form An Introduciton t o e
r u t a r e ti
L byMonroeC .Beardsley ,Aspec toft heNovel by E.M .Foster ,Wriitng e
r u t a r e ti L t u o b a y a s s
E byKelleyGrfiftih ,andUnderstandingUnseenbyMurphy .
2 2
. s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c In orde rtounderstandYudhistriadeepe,rt hewrtierwa sneededt o d n a , s t h g u o h t , s w e i v s i h n i e c n e u lf n i e v i g y e h t e s u a c e b s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h d n if
n o s e d u ti tt
a dharmamatte.r
e h t , a ri t s i h d u Y t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e p e e d e h t n i a g o t r e d r o n
I wrtie ralso
s e il p p
a thet heoryonpersonaltiy .Thist heorywa susedto ifnd outt hepersonaltiy d
u Y f
o histria .The book stha tused in thi stheory were Personaltiy Theories by e
ll e j H . A y r r a
L ,PersonaltiyDevelopmentbyEilzabeth Hu lrock ,ThePsychology f
o HumanBehaviour byRichard Kailsh ,andPersonaltiy:Theoryand Method by
. n h o J d n a n i v r e
P
s i s y l a n a e h t tr o p p u s o t y h p o s o li h P u d n i H f o w e i v e r e h t d e il p p a r e ti r w e h T
u d n i H t u o b a s w e i v e r e m o S . a m r a h d g n i z il a e r n i e l g g u rt s s ’ r e t c a r a h c n i a m n o
d e lt it n e k o o b e h t n i d n u o f e r e w y h p o s o li h
p Phliosophie so fIndia by Hein irch e
m m i
Z r , Hinduism by Solange Lemairte , Hinduism by Loui s Renou , and m
s i u d n i
H by Sen .Thesereview sbecame ahelping hand fo ranalyzing t he story d
n
a dharmao fYudhistria.
m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t a t a d e h t g n i y l p p a s a w t r a p t s a l e h t , n e h T
p s i s y l a n a e h T . n o it a l u m r o
f ar t would be divided into three , such a s the e h t d n a , a ri t s i h d u Y f o n o it a v it o m e h t ,s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ a ri t s i h d u Y f o s n o it p ir c s e d
g n i z il a e r n i a ri t s i h d u Y f o e l g g u rt
s dharma in his l fie .Finally, t he wrtie rdrew a .
h c r a e s e r e h t f o n o i s u l c n o
c
4
6
8
0 3
s a v a d n a
P there .He summoning Purocana and ordering him to erec ta splendid
n e h W . y r u o m r a n a e k il e p a h s e h t h ti w e c a l a
p Pandavas ilved t herefort en days ,
a n a c o r u
P haveat alk wtiht hemaboutthehouse .Visiitngt ha thouse ,ands melilng
, s t c u d o r p c a l d n a e e h g h ti w d e x i m t a f f o r u o d o e h
t Yudhisthiraobservedt oBhima
s l a ir e t a m e l b a m m a lf n i f o e d a m s a w g n i d li u b e h t t a h
t . (p .29 .) Herun seye sove r
d n a g n i d li u b e h
t think squickly tha tthe buliding i sso dangerou sfo rthem .He
. r u o d o e h t g n il l e m s m o r f s w o n k
y n a g n i w o h s t u o h ti w , e r e h e v il d l u o h s e w k n i h t I “ , d i a s a ri h t s i h d u Y
n i e t a v a c x e s u t e L . e p a c s e f o s n a e m e r u s e m o s k e e s t s u m e w t u b ; n o i c i p s u s
f I . ti x e d n u o r g r e d n u n a , y a d y r e v s i h t , y c e r c e s l l
a we can keep i tsecret ,
) 9 2 . p ( ” .s u e m u s n o c t o n l li w e ri f e h t n e h t
y ll a e r s i a ri h t s i h d u Y t a h t s l a e v e r n o it a t o u q e h
T na intelilgen tperson .He
s e k a
m aplano fescapingdriecltyandi ntelilgen lty .Havingahelpf romaf irendo f
o h w , a r u d i
V haveaskilli n excavaiton work ,hebegancarefully and secrelty t he
f o k r o
w excavaiton .Hemade abig underground passage for t heway ou toft he
. e s u o h
e h
T Pandavas eil v cheefru lly and wtihou tsuspicion i n af ul lyear .Seeing
e h t t h g u o h t a n a c o r u P , m e h
t itme had come and Yudhisthria to ok an aciton to
e p a c s
e drieclty. I tcanbeseenwhenhemake sadecision t o escape .Heknowst he
s i a ri h t s i h d u Y t a h t s w o h s n o it a t o u q g n i w o ll o f e h T . g n i d li u b e h t e v a e l o t e m it t h g ir
d n a l li k s s i h h ti w r e k a m n o i s i c e d d o o g e h
t intelilgen lty orde rhi sbrothers t o go
. e r o f e b t li u b e h h c i h w e g a s s a p e h t h g u o r h t g n i d li u b e h t m o r f t u o
, a m i h B o t d i a s a ri h t s i h d u Y , d n i m f o e m a r f a h c u s n i a n a c o r u P g n i v r e s b O
l u f n i s d n a s s e li ti p e h T “ , a v e d a h a S d n a a l u k a N s n i w t e h t d n a , a n u jr A
i h t a n a c o r u
P n kstha tweareunsuspecitng ,andhehast hu sbeencompletely .)
0 3 . p ( ” . e p a c s e r u o r o f e m it e h t s i w o n t a h t k n i h t I . n i n e k a t
, e r o f e r e h
T i tcan beconcluded t ha tYudhisthriai san i ntelilgen tperson. I t
s n o c y lr e p o r p e H . s t h g u o h t s i h h g u o r h t n w o h s e b n a
c rtucted the way o fescape
e ri f e h t m o r
f threatening; includet hemakingo fbig underground passageand he
. r e k a m n o i s i c e d d o o g a o s l
a I fhis itme approximaiton i sspil tsecond ,they al l
. g n i d li u b d e n r u b e h t h ti w e i d d l u o c
g n i v i g r o F . 5
f e c n a w o ll a g n i k a
M o rsomething painfu li shard to do .Someitmes ,we
. s u s tr u h o h w r o f l u f e g n e v a e v a h d n a y r g n a e m o c e
b In t hi sepic ,Yudhisth riai s
e n O . s c it s ir e t c a r a h c d o o g y n a m s a h o h w r e t c a r a h c e h
t o fhisgood characteirsitc s
g n i v i g r o f s
i .Thi scharacteirsitc i sshowing through hi sstatement and aciton .
o t e m a c y e h t , s a v r a h d n a G e h t y b d e t a e f e d a n a h d o y r u D f o s r e i d l o s e h t n e h W
s a v a d n a
P asked fo rhelp .They said tha tthe Gardharva stake sDuryodhana a s
d e k s a d n a r e n o s ir
p Pandavasto se tDuryodhanaf ree .Then ,Yudhisthriaf eelst ha t
. a n a h d o y r u D p l e h o t t s u m e
h HeasksBhimat or escuet heKauravas.
r u o f s i h d e k s a a ri h t s i h d u Y , l a e p p a r i e h t g n ir a e h n
O brothers , led by
e h t f o e u c s e r e h t e k a tr e d n u o t , a m i h
B Kauravas .He said ,“Try by al l e
u c s e r o t , a m i h B O , s n a e
m Duryodhana( p .67 .)
s w o h s e v o b a n o it a t o u q e h
T tha the stli lfeel saffeciton fo rhi sfamliy ,
. a n a h d o y r u
D Het akestheacitonf orr escuingt heKauravasfrom t heGandharvas
d n
a forgetitng li l rteatmen t by Duryodhana. Yudhisthria i s so kind toward s
o t tr o f f e n a e d a m a n a h d o y r u D h g u o h t n e v e a n a h d o y r u D s e v i g r o f e h , a n a h d o y r u D
, y s a e t o n s i g n i v i g r o F . s r e h t o r b s i h d n a m i h l li
k moreover toward speople who
. s u e t a h y ll a e
2 3
s a v a d n a
P , t hu she t ire sto save Duryodhana .He wishe stha tfrom thi srescuing ,
s d r a w o t d e rt a h s i h t u o g n i s s i m a n a h d o y r u
D Pandavas .Sot hepeacebetweent hem
. d e n e p p a h e b n a c s i
a e k a m o t s t n a w e h d n a a n a h d o y r u D s e v i g r o f a ri h t s i h d u Y e k il s m e e s t I
peace wtih hi sfamliy o fKuru race .Yudhisth ria beilevest ha tevery man can do
e h t a h t s n a e m t I . e c n a h c a t o g s a h e h f i o d e l p o e p r e h t o t a h w n a h t r e tt e b s g n i h t
. e g n a h c o t e c n a h c a s e v i g e h d n a a n a h d o y r u D s e v i g r o f
6 .Wise
a ri h t s i h d u
Y alway sact swisely .Heknowst hatt hewisdom i s t hekey fo r
s e v e il e b a ri h t s i h d u Y . r e d a e l t a e r g a g n i e
b tha tagreatl eade ralway susest hepeace
y b d e t a e f e d a n a h d o y r u D n e h W . e r a fr a w e h t n a h t m e l b o r p e h t e v l o s o t y a w
s i h d u Y , r e n o s ir p s a a v r a h d n a G y b d e t s e r r a r e d n u d n a a n e s a rt i
C thriaask sBhimat o
. m i h e u c s e r
u o y , t s ri F . a n a h d o y r u D e u c s e r o t , a m i h B O , s n a e m l l a y b y r T “ , d i a s e H
t h g u o r b e b t o n n a c g n i k a v r a h d n a G e h t ,r e v e w o h , f I . n o it a il i c n o c y rt y a m
e h t e u c s e r o t y rt t s u m u o y n e h t ,s i h t y b d n u o
r Kauravasby ilgh t ifghitng.I f e
v
e n thi sdoe sno tsucceed ,then you should save them by using al lthe 7
6 . p ( ” .r e w o p r u o y n i s n a e
m -6 8 .)
e h t s l a e v e r n o it a t o u q e h
T ir ght decision by Yudhisthria when rescuing
o t a m i h B s k s a e H . a n a h d o y r u
D takeconciilaitonf ristt ose tDuryodhanafree .The
e
r conciilaiton i s t he fris tstep t o solveany problem. Yudhisthria doe sno treally
n o n e h t s r e f e r p e h , e c n e l o i v e h t h ti w s n o it c a g n i k a t e k
il -violenceway .The man
li c n o c e r e h t n o s e ir r a c o h
w emen ti sthe man who ha sa wise-mind .Yudhisthria
t a h t s e p o
h Pandavas andKauravasshal lbeharmoniou sa saf amliyo fKuru r ace .
s i e l p o e p e h t f o e n o n t a h t s e v e il e b e
H a n evi lone and every human i sborn pure
. d n i k d n
a Yudhisthria’ sthough tcan be shown through Yudhisth ria’ sspeaking
y n a o d r e v e n d n a k c a b o g o t a n a h d o y r u D s ll e t y l e s i w e H . a n a h d o y r u D s d r a w o t
t c a h s a
r i onagain .Thi sacitons how shi swisdom.
t s d i m e h t n i a n a h d o y r u D d e t a r e b il e h t o t y l e t a n o it c e f f a e k o p s a ri h t s i h d u Y
a h c u s t i m m o c t o n o d , d li h c O “ : r e h t o r b s i h f
o rashac tagain .Ar ash man . s r e h t o r b r u o y l l a d n a u o y s s e l b I , e c n ir p u r u k O . s s e n i p p a h s n i a tt a r e v e n
) 9 6 . p ( ” .t n e d n o p s e d g n il e e f t u o h ti w , u o y s e s a e l p t i n e h w e m o h k c a b o G
g n i e
B awisehumani sahardt hing .Therearemanyobstaclest obeawise
S . e n
o omeitmes ,weg o on one’ sown way ,ou rpassion and desrie wtihou tgive s
k n i h t r e v e n n a m u h a , m e l b o r p e h t g n i c a f n e h W . t s e r e t n i c il b u p r o f y ti r o ir
p s twice
t d n
a ir esto solve t heproblem wisely .However ,Yudhisthriaalway sact swisely ,
g i b e h t n i s i e h h g u o h
t rtoublef o rexamplet heexliei nt hef orestf ort welveyear .s
7 .Kind
s i c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h T . m i h s e v o l y d o b y r e v e o s , n o s r e p d n i k a s i a ri t s i h d u Y
d o G r e h t o n a p l e h o t s e v o l e H . m s ir e n n a m d n a s n o it c a e r s ’ a ri h t s i h d u Y n i d e t c i p e d
s s e lf l e s e r u t a e r
c ly .Hehad nosympathywtiht hewarfare ,abhorrence ,wickedness ,
m o r f y a w a r a f t a h t s g n i h t e h t l l a d n a y v n
e dharma way .Thus ,hi sbehaviours ,
a w e h t d n a , e c n a r e tt
u yo fthinkingarer elfecitngt hedharmaw ay.
o t e d u ti tt a s ’ a n u jr A y b n e v o r p e b n a c c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h
T wardYudhisthria .
o t e m a c a n u jr A n e h
W Pandavasa tfe rhisj ourneyt oHimalayas, nthe heshows shi
a r d n I r o f g n i k o o l s i s a y a l a m i H o t d e s s o r c e H . y ll u ft c e p s e r a ri h t s i h d u Y o t e d u ti tt a
4
