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S I S E H T E T A U D A R G R E D N U N A
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Presenteda sParita lFul ifllmen toft heRequ riements f
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I would ilket oexpres smydeepes tpraiseandgrattiudet oJesu sCh irst rfo e
v a h h c i h w n o it c e t o r p d n a , e v o l ,s g n i s s e l b s i
H been granted t o me so t ha t Iam
. y d u t s s i h t f o t s e b e h t e k a m o t e l b a
t s e t a e r g y
M thankfulnes si sfo rmy advisor ,Dr .Franci sBorgias A ilp, ,
. A . M , . d P .
M fo rhispaitenceand understanding of t hedfiifculites ,fo ral loft he e
tt a d n a t n e m e g a r u o c n e , e c n a d i u
g niton from the beginning unit lthe end o fthi s .
h c r a e s e
r My grattiude also goest o my co .advisor ,Dra .B .RiaLestair ,M.S. rfo g
n i d a e r n i s s e n h g u o r o h t d n a s s e n g n il li w r e
h andcorrecitng myt hesis .He radvice d
e t e l p m o c d n a d e h c ir n e n o it s e g g u s d n
a thist hes i .s
A heatr-fel tgrattiude goe sto my beloved parent sand sister ,fo rthei r d
e ti m il n
u love ,prayers ,and suppo tr .Wtihoutt hem , Iwli lneve rbet heway Iam. o
t s e o g e d u ti t a r g l a i c e p s y
M my second famliy ,X’orc ;Anang ,Airstya ,Fani , ,
y r n e J , y r r e
F Laurent ,Maira ,Mikhael ,Nike ,Shelry ,andVero ,whoalway scheer ll
if d n a p u e
m myday swtihs omuchexctiements .
I also would ilke to expres smany thank sto al lmy firend sin Engilsh s
r e tt e
L 2008 ,2009 and 2010 rfo giving mesuppo tr ,encouragemen tand prayers , d
e p l e h e v a h o h w e l p o e p r e h t o d n
a compleitng thi sresearch ,including those to t o n n a c I m o h w , h c r a e s e r e h t g n it c u d n o c r o f s t e e w t d n a s e s u t a t s e h t d e s u I m o h w
.s e m a n y b l l a n o it n e
m eT h love o ffamliy and t headmriaiton o ffirendsi smuch e
g e li v ir p d n a h tl a e w n a h t t n a tr o p m i e r o
m .
x
x
s e s u t a t S s ’ k o o b e c a F e h t n i h s il g n E e h t f o y c a r u c c A e h T . B
… s r e g a n e e T n a i s e n o d n I y b d e t s o P s t e e w T s ’ r e tt i w T d n
a .… 3 4
… … s e s u t a t S s ’ k o o b e c a F e h t f o s i s y l a n A e h T .
1 ..………… 3 5
… … … … … … … … s t e e w T s ’ r e tt i w T e h t f o s i s y l a n A e h T .
2 3 8
: V R E T P A H
C CONCLUSION……….……… 4 3 Y
H P A R G O I L B I
B ……… 4 5 I
D N E P P
i
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.
A Backgroundoft heStudy a r e n r e d o m s i h t n
I ,b oth technology and socia lnetwork are growing
y l d i p a
r .Technologyhelps peoplet oge tapracitca lwayt ocommunicatewtiht hei r
m o r f d e n e p o e b n a c t a h t t e n r e t n i g n i s u y b s e v it a l e
r Smatrphone ,PC,l aptop,t able t
f o h t o B . c t e , C
P themhavebecomer eallyi mpo tran toncommunicaitoni nal love r
t u b , o g a s r a e y w e f a r e t s d n e ir F m o r f d e tr a t S . a i s e n o d n I n i d e d u l c n i , d lr o w e h
t tii s
d e t a v it c a e d y d a e rl
a irgh tnow ,then conitnued wtih the other ssocia lnetwork
b e c a F s a d e ll a
c ookandTwitter .
r e tt i w
T i sa n onilne socia lnetworking and a micro blogging service
s i tI . 6 0 0 2 n o e n o t S z i B d n a , s m a il li W n a v E , y e s r o D k c a J y b d e t a e r c s a w h c i h w
e h t r e v o l l a n i e l p o e p y n a m y b d e s
u wo lrd ,especially since i tbecame really
t s o m l a s i r e tt i w T . e r o f e b n a h t r e g r a l e m o c e b o t g n i o g s i ti d n a , s y a d a w o n s u o m a f
r a li m i
s ot SMS( Shor tMessage sService )bu t tii sonilne .Twitteri susedmosltyt o
n u m m o c , g n il e e f l a n o s r e p y l n o t o n , g n i h t y n a e r a h
s icaiton and conversaiton . tI
o s l
a enablest heuserst o share and exchangei nformaiton o rnew ,s t o sel lo rbuy
n o it n e m y b s d n e ir f h ti w e t a c i n u m m o c o t , g n i h t e m o
s i ng thei rID o rsendi ng a
n i s i t a h w l l e t o t , g n i o d e r a y e h t t a h w l l e t o t , e g a s s e
m theri m s , cind et .Those
e b o s l a n a c s e it i v it c
a called as t‘weeti ’ng .Twitte ri scalled a s‘micro obl gging ’
t i e s u a c e
b ha s ilmtiedcharacters ,only140 charactersl ength, to wrtieont heblog .
e h
T refore,t heu s ser shouldt ellt herii dea sb ire lfy.
o t p e c n o c e h t , y ll a u t c
A fFacebook si almos tsimlia rt owha tTwitte rhad .
m e h t f o h t o
B can cha tand read both o fthe users’ statuses ,picture ,notes ,etc .
k o o b e c a F r e v e w o
H havemuch longe rcapactiyi n charactersl ength f o rt hestatus.
o s l a s r e s u e h
T can add othe ruseras t hei rfirend and fi t he person approves t he
t s e u q e r d n e ir
f , theyautomaitcallywli lbef irends .WhlieonTwitter ,tii sno tcalle d
g n i w o ll o f ‘ t u b ’ s d n e ir f ‘ s
a -follower.’
n o e t a c i n u m m o c e l p o e
P Facebook and Twitter wtih many dfiferen t
o d n e p e d ; s e g a u g n a
l n where they come from .Moslty ,they use Engilsh i fthey
s r e w o ll o f e v a h o t t n a
w and firends from al love rthe wo lrd o rthey wan tto
e w s a , e s u a c e b s i t I . y rt n u o c t n e r e f fi d a m o r f s d n e ir f r i e h t h ti w e t a c i n u m m o c
u g n a l l a n o it a n r e t n i t s ri f e h t s i h s il g n E , w o n
k age t ha ti sused and understood by
n o g n i d u l c n i , d lr o w e h t r e v o l l a m o r f e l p o e
p Facebook and Twitter .However ,
e h
t y also uset hei rown l anguage when they communicate wtih people from t he
. n o it a n r o y rt n u o c e m a
s Thi sphenomenon interested t hewrtie rand provided t he
n o h c r a e s e r a e k a tr e d n u o t s u l u m it
s theuseo fEngilshamong theIndonesianuser s
f
o FacebookandTwitter.
.
B ProblemFormula iton
e r a y d u t s e h t f o s m e l b o r p e h t , d n u o r g k c a b e v o b a e h t n o d e s a B
: s w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o f
.
1 Howi est h Eng ilshusedint heIndonesiant eenagers’FacebookandTwitter?
.
2 Wha ta rethegrammaitca lerrors ni Engilsh positngs found i n Facebook and
3
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
t s a h y d u t s s i h t , e v o b a d e t a l u m r o f s m e l b o r p e h t h ti w e c n a d r o c c a n
I w o
t s ri f e h T . s e v it c e j b
o objecitve of t hi sstudy is t o observethephenomenon oft he
r e tt i w T d n a k o o b e c a F , s e ti s a i d e m l a i c o s e h t n i h s il g n E f o e s
u .Thi swilli nclude
e h t o t g n i d r o c c a n o it a c if i s s a l c s ti o s l a d n a h s il g n E e h t f o n r e tt a p e h t r o m r o f e h t
f o e p y t e h t d n a s e c n a t s m u c ri
c .ti Thesecondi st o ifnd ou taboutt heaccuracy o f
d n a s e s u t a t s e h
t tweets postedi nFacebookandTwitte.r
.
D De ifniitono fTerms
s a d e n if e d e b l li w s m r e t g n i w o ll o f e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t s u c o f o t r e d r o n I
: s w o ll o f
.
1 Languageont heI nternet
e h t ,l a r e n e g n
I universall anguageon t heInterneti sEngilsh. Eng ilsh on
s s a h h s il g n E n e tt ir W . h s il g n E n e tt ir w f o m r o f e h t n i s i t e n r e t n i e h
t ome
r e f fi d t a h t s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c from spoken Engilsh .W irtten Engilsh consist so fneat ,
t a p e c n e t n e s s ti e s u a c e b s e c n e t n e s t c e r r o
c tern sare wel lorganized and planned .
f o e r u t c u rt s e h t g n i d u l c n i ,r a m m a r
G words ,phrases ,clauses ,and sentences ,and
P . ti n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a e v a h o s l a n o it a u t c n u
p eople who use Engilsh a sthei r
s , s d r o w t l u c if fi d l l e p s o t w o h w o n k t o n o d e g a u g n a l e v it a
n ince they basically
o n
k w Engilsh a s a spoken language . Thus , roughly speaking ,the universa l
" h s il g n E " d e ll e p s s i m d n a e s r a o c , y s m u l c s i t e n r e t n I e h t f o e g a u g n a l
il / a l e p r o k j ~ /i f. t u t. s c . w w w // : p tt h
.
2 Facebook
k o o b e c a
F i sa socia lnetworking webstie intended to connec tfirends ,
.s e t a i c o s s a s s e n i s u b d n a , y li m a
f Facebook wa sfounded o n 2004 by a Harvard
t n e d u t
s , Mark Zuckerberg, and o irginallyi twa scalled sa t hefacebook. Facebook n o it a m r o f n i s k r o w t e n d n a s d n e ir f r i e h t s w o h s t a h t e g a p e li f o r p a e t a e r c s r e s u
t u o b
a themselves . The choice to include a proflie in a network mean stha t
e n o y r e v
e wtihin tha tnetwork can viewt heproflie .Theprofliet ypically i nclude s
: g n i w o ll o f e h
t informaiton ,status ,firends ,photos ,notes ,group ,andthewall.
.
3 Twitter
r e tt i w
T i sas ocia lnetworkingandmicrobloggings ervicet ha tallow syou
o
t answer t he quesiton ,"Wha tare you doing?" by sending sho tr t ex tmessages, s
d n e ir f r u o y o t , " s t e e w t " d e ll a c , h t g n e l n i s r e t c a r a h c 0 4
1 o r"followers". Tweeitng
n o it a c i n u m m o c f o d o h t e m d e t a g s s e l a o s l a s
i becauseyou can sharei nformaiton
h ti w s e g a s s e m r o l i a m e e g n a h c x e y ll a m r o n t ' n d l u o w u o y t a h t e l p o e p h ti w
o c .t e n r e t e e w t/ /: p tt h
( m/ , accessed on 29-08-2013 .) However , there is a grea t
o t s e m o c t i n e h w y ti li b i x e
lf choose wha ti rsfo pubilcand wha ti sno tmean tfo r
c il b u
p by setitng yourt wee tp irvacy .You can send amessaget o ace train firend
d n a , e g a s s e m e h t g n i e e s s r e h t o t u o h ti
w you can a swel lsharesome i nformaiton
5
.
4 Texts
s i h n i k n o d r e
V Styilsitcsproposest ha t“texti st heobservableproduc to f (
” e s r u o c s i d s ’ r e k a e p s r o s ’ r e ti r w
a 2002 :17) .Text scanbel tieraryo rnon-ltierary.
n o
N -ltierary composiiton use sfact sand ifgure sto proo fa point so ti i sw irtten
e h t n o d e s a b s n o it i s o p m o c l a n o it c if e r a s t x e t y r a r e ti l , t s a rt n o c n I . y l e v it c e j b o
d n a s n o it a n i g a m i d n a l li w s ’t s it r
a they are subjecitve. Both kind so ftex thave
h o c , g n i n a e
m erence ,untiyands ocia lpurpose( LERN ,1990 .)
7
9
1 1
.
3 CodeSwtiching
e l c it r a r e h n i ) 5 0 0 2 ( k y z c r e p s a
K Implemenitng Code Swtiching in the m
o o r s s a l
C say sthat ,code-swtiching i sthe swinging between two code s(both r
o / d n a s e g a u g n a
l dialects) ,amongpeoplewhos haret hoset woparitcula rcode .s 2
8 9 1 ( z r e p m u G o t g n i d r o c c
A ) , code swtiching i s the su e o f two r e h t o e h t n O . h c e e p s r o n o it a s r e v n o c e n o n i g n it a n r e tl a r e h t e g o t s e g a u g n a
l hand ,
s r e y
M -Scotton (1993 )added tha tcode swtiching can involve more than two .s
e g a u g n a
l
y n a m o s e r a e r e h t n e v
E argument saboutt hedeifniitono fcodes wtiching , f
o l l
a thes ocioilnguisitc sexpe tr sagreei nonecondiitono fcodes wtiching,t hati s , e
h
t atlernaiton o ftwo code sin one conversaiton between two o rmore person s d
e r e t s a m o h
w moret hanonel anguageo ra tleastt heva iretyoft hel anguage tisel .f
.
3 1 Type sofCodeSwtiching
: e r a y e h T . g n i h c ti w s e d o c f o s e p y t e e r h t s e t a t s ) 3 3 : 2 0 0 2 ( ll e w k c o t S .
a T -ag swtiching
g a t r o f m r e t r e h t o e h
T -swtichingi semblemaitccodes wtiching .Thist ype y
l n o g n i h c ti w s e d o c f
o swtiche san intejreciton ,a tag ,o rsentence iflle rin the e h t y fi t n e d i o t d e s u s i t i , s n o i s a c c o e m o s r o F . s r o t u c o lr e t n i e h t f o s e c n a r e tt u
s g a t t a h t s d d a o s l a ) 0 0 0 2 ( i e W y b d e ti c s a ) 8 7 9 1 ( k c a l p o P . r e k a e p s e h t f o y ti t n e d i
i h w s d r o w t n e t n o c f o t n e n o p m o c e r
a ch may be i nsetred almos tanywhere wtihin g a t f o s e l p m a x e e h T . e l u r l a c it a m m a r g y n a g n it a l o i v t u o h ti w e c n e t n e s e h
t
-. w o l e b n e e s e b n a c g n i h c ti w s
.i Byt heway,t umbenpramugar iilonha iri n icanitk.
.i
i Well ,ktiat unggus ajahasi lakhrinya. .
b Intersentenitals wtich
e h t y b e d a m s e c n e t n e s n e e w t e b s r u c c o g n i h c ti w s e d o c f o e p y t s i h T
y b d e y o l p m e e s u a p y b h c ti w s e b y a m n o it a s r e v n o c e h t f o c i p o t e h T . s r o t u c o lr e t n i
. w o l e b n e e s e b n a c h c ti w s l a it n e t n e s r e t n i f o s e l p m a x e e h T . r o t u c o lr e t n i e h t f o e n o
.i Gigg sitdakadadalams kua tmalami ni .1000wli lhavet owati. .i
i Past ikangenl ah .NoDoubt !Yangdikangeninj ugacumakamu. .
c Inrtasentenitals wtich
e d o c f o m r o f e h T . s e c n e t n e s n i h ti w s r u c c o g n i h c ti w s e d o c f o e p y t s i h T
e l g n i s a f o m r o f e h t n i e b n a c g n i h c ti w
s word ,aphrase ,o raclause .Belowaret he :
h c ti w s e d o c l a it n e t n e s a rt n i f o s e l p m a x e
.i Sayat ad idapa tfreeeggmufifnsdis ana. .i
i Berdasarkanfansr eport ,Tsukapon2Ls udahhabist ejrua.l .i
ii Diaakandatangwhent he itmeha scome.
.
4 Error sandMistakes
g n i p o l e v e d l li t s s ’ r e n r a e l o t e u d n o it a i v e d c it a m e t s y s a s i r o r r E
y a l u D ( m e t s y s e l u r e g a u g n a l d n o c e s e h t f o e g d e l w o n
k e tal ,1982:139) .Therefore ,
s i t i , p il s a r o s s e u g m o d n a r a r e h ti e s i t a h t r o r r e e c n a m r o f r e p a t o n s i t i
. e c n e t e p m o c
, s r o r r e , e r o f e r e h
T a sNorirsh( 1983:7-8 )notes ,arecausedbyt hel earners ’ e
c n e t e p m o c n
3 1
a s A . g n i n r a e l e r a y e h t e g a u g n a l e h t f
o consequence,t heyarenotr eadyt ocorrec t s i e c n e t e p m o c d e ti m il s i h T . s r o rr e g n i k a m f o e r a w a t o n y a m y e h t r o , s r o r r e r i e h t
e r a s e k a t s i m , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . g n i p o l e v e d l li t s s i t a h t e g d e l w o n k r i e h t y b d e s u a c
m o d n a r a r e h ti e e r a t a h t e c n a m r o f r e p n i s r o r r
e gues sors ilp .Theyr efert oaf aliure .
) 0 7 1 : 7 8 9 1 , n w o r B ( y lt c e r r o c m e t s y s n w o n k a g n i z il it u n i
1 .
4 Classiifca itono fErrors
y a l u
D e talbasel anguageerror son ilnguisitccategory whichconsist so f ti
s o p e r p , n u o n o r p , n u o n , b r e v , e l c it r a f o a e r a e h t n i s r o r r
e ion ,sentenceconnector ,
. ) 6 4 1 : 2 8 9 1 , l a t e y a l u D ( e v it i n e g d n a , r e d r o d r o w , r o r r e l a c i x e l
. y m o n o x a t y r o g e t a c c it s i u g n il n o d e s a b s r o rr e f o s e p y t e h t e r a w o l e B .
a Errorsi nAritcle
e d u l c n i e l c it r a n i s r o r r
E incorrec tuse o fboth de ifn tie and indeifntie d
n a , s e l c it r
a theomission oft hearitcle .Theexampleofi ncorrec tuseo faritclei s e
k
il theuseoft hei ndeifntiearitclean atfe raconsonan.t Fo rexample *anbrush f
o d a e t s n
i abrush. .
b Errorsi nVerb s r o r r
E in verb phrase include omission o f verb , incorrec t use o f e c n e s e r p , t x e t n o c e c n e t n e s d n a s t c e j b u s r o f s m r o f b r e v t c e r r o c n i , e s n e t e v i s s e r g o r p
n o i s s i m O . b r e v d n a t c e j b u s f o t n e m e e r g a t c e r r o c n i o s l a d n a , s b r e v y r a s s e c e n n u f o
a h c i h w s tr a p o w t s r e v o c b r e v f
o re ,omission o fmain verb ;S ( she eat )banana , ;
e b o t f o n o i s s i m o d n
a Ihungry.
f o n o i s s i m o f o s t s i s n o c e s n e t e v i s s e r g o r p f o e s u t c e r r o c n
I to be ;you
g n i k o o
l ,replacemen to f–ing by t hesimple verb form ;thegirl i swalk around , ;
t s a p e l p m i s e h t r o f e v i s s e r g o r p e h t f o n o it u ti t s b u s d n
a thebabycryingl oudly.
d n a t c e j b u s n e e w t e b t n e m e e r g a s i d s i e s a r h p b r e v n i r o r r e f o e p y t t s a l e h T
; n o s r e p b r e
v you i s hric ,between subjec tand number ;thewoman are smoking , ;
e s n e t d n a t c e j b u s n e e w t e b d n
a Hedidno tknowwha thedoes. .
c Errorsi nPronoun
; n u o n o r p t c e j b u s e h t f o n o i s s i m o e r a n u o n o r p n i s r o r r
E ( uyo )brokethe
s s a l
g ,omission o fobjec tpronouns ;We willno tgive i()tt o uyo ,and t he use o f e
r a s a n u o n o r
p dundan telement ;Mys isters heeats omeporridge. .
d Errorsi nNouns
; r a l u g e r r o f r a l u g n i s f o n o it u ti t s b u s e d u l c n i s n u o n n i s r o r r
E I founds ome
e n o t
s ,substtiuiton o fprulars t o singulars ;she tsabbed him i n t hefeet, i ncorrec t e
c n e t n e s a n i d e s u n u o n f o m r o
f ;make a triangular ,addiiton o funnecessary ;
s n u o
n Prambanant emplebulidingcomplexi sunde rconstruciton ,andomission ;
e c n e t n e s a n i s n u o n f
o hei sno tas mar torf amous(person). .
e Lexica lErrors
d r o w t c e r r o c n i e h t o t s r e f e r t I . s e ir a l u b a c o v n i s r o r r e e r a s r o r r e l a c i x e L
, e l p m a x e r o F . s e c i o h
c shelooked atthenew son TV, i nstead o fshe watched or s
e h
s a wthenewsonTV?
.f Errorsi nSentenceConnector
e c n e t n e s a f o e s u t c e r r o c n i e h t o t s r e f e r r o t c e n n o c e c n e t n e s n i r o r r E
5 1
s l a ti v e ti u q s i r o t c e n n o c e c n e t n e s a f o e c n a r a e p p
a incei tcan avoidawkwardness .
a s i e r e
H nexampleo fani ncorrec tuseo fasentenceconnector; Hes hout sandhe y
r g n a s
i .And i sno tthe irgh tchoice since i tdoe sno tshow why he shouts . y
b d e c a l p e r e b d l u o h s t i , e r o f e r e h
T because since i tshow sthe reason why he .s
t u o h s
.
g Errors inWordOrder
Errori n word orderi st hei ncorrec tarrangemen to fwordst o consrtuc ta c
t e d n a , e s a r h p b r e v , e s a r h p n u o
n . Fo rexample ;Hardt rying .Theconsrtucitono f e
v it c e j d a e h T . t c e r r o c t o n s i e s a r h p b r e
v hardshouldbeplaceda tferthemainverb g
n i y r
t since i ti sa postmodiifer .Therefore ,the arrangemen to fthecorrec tverb s
i e s a r h
p Tryinghard. .
h Errorsi nGeniitve
, e l p m a x e r o F . e v it i n e g e h t f o e s u t c e r r o c n i e h t o t s r e f e r
tI Richardss hoes
f o d a e t s n
i Richard’ss hoes.I nanothe rwords ,tir eferst ot heomissiono f‘s. .i Error sinPreposiitons
s a l l e w s a s n o it i s o p e r p f o e s u n i s r o r r e o t r e f e r n o it i s o p e r p n i s r o r r E
; s n o it i s o p e r p f o n o i s s i m
o sheboughts omeclothe saf actoryoulttieinsteado fshe e
ti lt u o y r o t c a f a n i s e h t o l c e m o s t h g u o
b .
.
C Theoreitca lFramework
r e w s n a o t r e d r o n
I thequesitonsi n t heproblemf ormulaitont heoreitcally , m
e r e ti r w e h
e h t n i a l p x e l li w n o it c e s s i h t , e r o f e r e h T . s i s y l a n a e h t f o n o it a d n u o f r o s i s a b
d a e rl a e v a h h c i h w s e ir o e h t e h t f o n o it u b ir t n o
c ymenitonedabove.
s y o l p m e r e h c r a e s e r e h
T a theory o fcricumstance so flanguage choice , n
i v r E y b d e s o p o r p , n o it c n u f d n a , c i p o t ,t n a p i c it r a p , n o it a u ti s e r a h c i h
w -T irpp and
e r a h c i h w , g n i h c ti w s e d o c f o s e p y t f o y r o e h t
a gt -a swtiching ,inrtasentenita l h
c ti w
s ,and i ntersentenita lswtich ,from Stockwell (2002) i n order t o answert he o
h T . n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p t s ri
f se theo ire swli l be a basi s to revea l the fris t e
z y l a n a o t d e s u s i h c i h w n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r
p theform o rpattern, t he t ype ,and e
c n a t s m u c ri c e h
t o eft h Engilshoccursi nFacebookandTwitter ,paritcula lryt hose r
e tt i w T d n a k o o b e c a
F user swhosepage scontaint hedatatargeted .Thoset heo ire s e
r
a selected because the researche r ifnd si teasy to comprehend and those are e
h t s a h g u o n e t n e i c if f u
s lt s ooo t answert hef ris tproblemf ormulaiton. r
e w s n a o
T the second problem which i sto determine the grammaitca l n o d e s a b s r o r r e f o n o it a c if i s s a l c e h t d n a s r o r r e f o y r o e h t e h t , a t a d e h t n i s r o r r e
y r o g e t a c s c it s i u g n il r i e h
t a sproposed by Dulay (1982) .Those theo ire sare very t
e h t d n a s r o r r e f o n o it a n a l p x e r a e l c e h t s e v i g t i e c n i s t n a tr o p m
i ype s o f
U . s r o r r e l a c it a m m a r
7 1
I
I
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R
E
T
P
A
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n o n e k a t e r u d e c o r p h c r a e s e r d n a d o h t e m h c r a e s e r e h t s s u c s i d l li w r e t p a h c s i h T
e h t , y d u t s e h t f o t c e j b o e h t : o t n i d e d i v i d e b l li w n o i s s u c s i d e h T . y d u t s s i h t
. y d u t s e h t f o d o h t e m e h t d n a , y d u t s e h t f o h c a o r p p a
)
a Objec toft heStudy
s u t a t s k o o b e c a F n i d n u o f h s il g n E e h t s i h c r a e s e r t n e s e r p e h t r o f a t a d e h T
t e e w t r e tt i w T d n
a posted on January unit lMarch 2013 .The statu sand twee t
y l n o r e tt i w T e h t n i t e e w t e h T . s e c n e t n e s d n a , s e s u a l c , s e s a r h p , s d r o w e h t e d u l c n i
r e t c a r a h c 0 4 1 f o s t s i s n o
c swhlie t he statusi n t heFacebook can consis ta smany
ir w e b o t s r e t c a r a h
c tten .There are approximately 71 Facebook statuse sand 77
t e e w t r e tt i w
T s whichwli lbeanalyzed.
d e s u h s il g n E e h t f o e r u t a n e h t e z y l a n a o t d e m i a s i h c r a e s e r e h t , y ll a r e n e G
n I e h t y
b donesiant eenager son theriFacebookandTwitter .Theanalysi swli lalso
l a e v e
r themostf requen terro rand t hepresen twrtie rwli lrtyt ocorrectt heerror .s
)
b Approachoft heStudy
t g n i z y l a n a n
I he data ,the presen twrtie rwould use styilsitc approach .
s i h n i k n o d r e
V Styilsitcs propose stha t“styilsitc si sthe analysi so fdisitncitve
. ) 4 : 2 0 0 2 ( ” t c e f f e d n a e s o p r u p s ti f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t d n a e g a u g n a l n i n o i s s e r p x e
n i e l y t s e h t s e i d u t s s c it s il y t
S language .Stylei n l anguagei sase to fconsciou so r
c s n o c n
.) 1 2 1 : 2 0 0 2
( Pete rBarry in hi sbook enitlted Beginning Theory also said tha t
e h t f o s g n i d n if d n a s d o h t e m e h t s e s u h c i h w h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c a s i s c it s il y t s “
e h t n i s c it s i u g n il f o s e c n e i c
s analysi sofl tieraryt exts”( Barry ,2002 :203 .)
The text sanalyzed in thi sstudy are no tthe ltierary one ,which are
.r e tt i w T n i s t e e w t d n a k o o b e c a F n i s e s u t a t
s Styilsitcanalysi so fanon-ltieraryt ex t
e g a s s a p a l i a t e d n i g n i y d u t s s n a e m e c n a t s n i r o
f . hT e method o fanalysi scan be
s tr a p e h t t a h w g n i v r e s b o , li a t e d t a e r g n i t x e t e h t t a g n i k o o l s a n e e
s are ,andsaying
e g a s s a p e h t f o t x e t n o c e h t n i m r o f r e p y e h t t a h w
h s il g n e / 3 1 / 9 0 / 9 0 0 2 / k u . o c . x e t n a m . w w w // : p tt h
( -language-styilsitc-analysis)/ .The goa li s i
h c a o
t eve the hard data through counitng and calculaitng the occurence o f
. d n u o f e r u t a e f c it s i u g n il
t e h t h g u o h tl
A heo ire s used fo r thi s research are taken from
e d o c d n a e c i o h c e g a u g n a l( d l e if s c it s i u g n il o i c o
s swtiching) ,the socioilnguisitc s
ti u s t ’ n s i h c a o r p p
a able t o be appiled i n t hi sstudy because socioilnguisitcs i sthe
l a r u tl u c g n i d u l c n i , y t e i c o s f o s t c e p s a l l a d n a y n a f o t c e f f e e h t f o y d u t s e v it p ir c s e d
f o s t c e f f e e h t d n a , d e s u s i e g a u g n a l y a w e h t n o , t x e t n o c d n a , s n o it a t c e p x e , s m r o n
e s u e g a u g n a
l on society (Trudgill ,2000) .Therefore ,the sty ilsitc approach i s
t s o m e h t d e r e d i s n o
c sutiableapproacht ousei nt hiss tudy.
)
c Methodoft heStudy
a t a d e h t , t n e m u rt s n i h c r a e s e r e h t , s tr a p e e r h t f o s t s i s n o c t r a p s i h T
1 2
k o o b e c a F e h t n i y lt s o m d e r u c c o h s il g n
E ’ s statuse sposted by the Indonesian
s r e g a n e e
t . The resul ti swirtten in the form o fpercentage sto make i teasie rto
. d n a t s r e d n u
r e tf
A ifnishing the second step ,the thrid step began .The data were
m e h t f o e n o h c i h w d n a y n a m w o h t u o d n if o t d e n i m a x
e i scorrec to rincorrect .
r e ti r w e h t e r e
H determined t henumbe ro fcorrec tori ncorrec tstatusesalong wtih
o m a r i e h
t unts .Thewrtieralsomarkedandt iredt ocorrectt hei ncorrects tatuses .
o
T determine thecorrec tand the incorrec tstatuses ,the wrtie rused the
y b d e s o p o r p s a y r o g e t a c c it s i u g n il r i e h t n o d e s a b s e k a t s i m d n a r o r r e f o y r o e h t
.) 2 8 9 1 ( y a l u
D Based t hesho trdescirpiton oft het heory,t hewrtie rcould i dentfiy
. y ll a c if i c e p s a t a d e h t e z ir o g e t a c o s l a d n a y lt c e r r o c a t a d e h
t The wrtie r also
a t a d r e h t o e h t r o f s p e t s e m a s e h t d e t c u d n o
c ,Twitter’st weets. A tfert hedatahave
r e ti r w e h t ,l i a t e d n i d e z y l a n a n e e
b tiredtodrawaconclusionbasedont heanswer s
. h c r a e s e r e h t n i s m e l b o r p e h t f o
2 2
V
I
R
E
T
P
A
H
C
S
T
L
U
S
E
R
S
I
S
Y
L
A
N
A
o t n i d e d i v i d s i r e t p a h c s i h
T three patrs .The fris tpar ti sabou tthe
e b o t g n i o g e r a t a h t a t a d e h t t u o b a n o it a n a l p x
e usedfort hisr esearch .Thesecond
s i tr a
p meantt o answert hefris tproblem which i sidentfiying theu fseo Engilsh
i h ti
w ntheFacebook andTwitter’ spositng .Whlie, t hel astpar tact sast heanswe r
o
t thesecondproblemwhichi st or evealt hegrammaitca laccuracyo fthedata .
y r a m ir p e h
T dataoft hi sstudyaret hepositng scontaining Engilsh i n t he
o o b e c a
F kandTwitte rpostedbyt heI ndonesiant eenagersi nt hepeirodo fJanuary
g n i w o ll o f e h t h ti w , d e t c e ll o c s g n it s o p 8 4 1 l a t o t e r a e r e h T . 3 1 0 2 h c r a M l it n u 3 1 0 2
7 7 , t s e r e h t d n a k o o b e c a F m o r f n e k a t e r e w 8 4 1 f o t u o 1 7 : s li a t e
d ,weret akenf rom
e d n a r e tt i w
T achpositngwasobtainedf romdfiferentu s. ser From148user ,st here
.s r e s u e l a m e f 1 8 d n a s r e s u e l a m 7 6 e r
a
s r e t c a r a h c 0 5 2 n a h t e r o m o n , tr o h s n e tt ir w e r e w s g n it s o p e s o h t f o t s o M
r o f y l n o e r a e r e h t d n
a abou t18positngst ha tcontain moret han t ha tandt hoseare
i tI . k o o b e c a F m o r f y l n
o ssimply because when you want t o wrtie something i n
i ti , r e tt i w
T silmtiedonlyf o r140characters .Howeveri nFacebook ,youcanwrtie
e v a h e w t a h w e k il n o it a ti m il y n a t u o h ti w t n a w u o y s a g n o l s a , t n a w u o y g n i h t y n a
.r e tt i w T n
3
T sh ,u i tcan beconcluded t ha tfrom t hetota lo f148 exisitng data ,92 fo thedata
s a d e r e d i s n o c e r
a language choice and 56 o fthe data are considered a scode
. g n i h c ti w s
w s e ir o e h t o w t , a t a d g n it s i x e e h t f o n o it a z ir o g e t a c e h t g n it e l p m o c r e tf
A li l
f o e s u e h t y fi t n e d i o t d e s u e
b Engilsh in the data .The fris tone i sabou tthe
n i a m r u o f e r a e r e h T . y t e ir a v e d o c n i e g n a h c r o f t n u o c c a t a h t s e c n a t s m u c ri c
n i v r E y b d e s o p o r p s e c n a t s m u c ri
c -T irpp and t hey arethesetitng ( itmeand place )
n o it a u ti s e h t d n
a ,theparitcipansti nt hei nteraciton ,thet opic ,andthef unciton o f
n o it c a r e t n i e h
t .The second onei saboutt het ype so fcodeswtiching occured i n
e r a y e h t , g n i h c ti w s e d o c f o s e p y t e e r h t s e t a t s ) 3 3 : 2 0 0 2 ( l l e w k c o t S . s g n it s o p e h t
g a
t -swtiching , intersenten ita l swtich , and intrasentenita l swtich . The
n o i s s u c s i d e h t n i n e e s e b d l u o c s e ir o e h t e s o h t f o n o it a n a l p x e d n a n o it a t n e m e l p m i
. w o l e b
.
1 LanguageChoice
e s r e v i d g n o m a e s o o h c , s l a u g n il o n o m e k il t s u j , s r e k a e p s l a u g n il i B
n e h W . e g a u g n a l a f o s e it e ir a
v theyspeak t oothe rbiilngual ,s t heyhave na acces s
h c ti w s y l n o n a c s l a u g n il o n o m e li h W . s e g a u g n a l o w t o
t from one vairety to
e s o o h c y a m s l a u g n il i b , )l a m r o f o t l a i u q o ll o c , . g . e ( e g a u g n a l e n o n i h ti w r e h t o n a
o d r o , s e g a u g n a l t n e r e f fi d n e e w t e b h c ti w s , e g a u g n a l e n o n i h ti w s e it e ir a v g n o m a
9 1 , n a e j s o r G ( h t o
b 8 2:128 .)
n i v r E o t g n i d r o c c
A -T irpp, t herearef ourf actorst ha taccount f o rchange
. y t e ir a v e d o c n
i Thef ourf actor sandt heexamplesf romFacebookandTwitte rusers ’
5
7
9
f o s r o t c a F e h T
e c i o h C e g a u g n a L
y c n e u q e r
F %
n o it a u ti
S 2 5 2 .2% 7
s t n a p i c it r a
P 2 8 3 . %04
c i p o
T 1 5 1 . %63
n o it c n u
F 2 4 2 . %61
2
9 100%
e h t n i e c i o h C e g a u g n a L f o s r o t c a F e h t f o y r a m m u S e h T . 1 e l b a T
Socia lNetwotkingWebsties ,FacebookandTwitter
t a h t d e tl u s e r a t a d e h t , e v o b a e l b a t e h t m o r
F theparitcipantswast hemos t
t n e u q e r
f factor t hat made eth Facebook and Twitte ruser schange thei rcode
h s il g n E o t n i n a i s e n o d n I m o r f e s a c s i h t n i , y t e ir a
v ,i nwhicht heywrotewtihint hei r
f o a t a d e h T . e r u t a e f e t a d p u s u t a t
s theparitcipantsf actorresutledwtih28 number s
f
o case sandt hepercentageo ftisoccurrencewtihintheusers ’page swa s30.4%o f
. e c n e r r u c c o e h
t
.
2 CodeSwtiching
r i e h t n i s g n it ir w r i e h t n i h ti w s e g a u g n a l f o s d n i k o w t e t o r w s r e s u e m o S
k o o b e c a
F and Twitter page swhich were Engilsh and Indonesian o rvice versa .
e s o h
T user s combined some Indonesian language element s wtih Engilsh
y e h t n e h w s e c n a r e tt
u wrote t hei rstatu supdates .Based on t he l tierature review s
i w s e d o c t a h t r a e l c s a w t i t a h t d a e r r e h c r a e s e r e h
t tchingwa san actt o mixwords ,
1
3
r a e s e r e h
T che raccounted the numbe ro fcode swtiching case sand the
e g a t n e c r e
p of t heoccurrenceof t hisl anguagephenomenon .The summary oft he
f o r e b m u
n code swtiching case sin Facebook and Twitter and ti spercentage o f
e d o c f o e p y t y r e v
e swtichingcouldbes eeni nt het able:
e d o C f o s e p y T e h T
g n i h c ti w S
y c n e u q e r
F %
g a
T -Swtiching 0 0 %
h c ti w S l a it n e t n e s r e t n
I 4 3 76.8%
h c ti w S l a it n e t n e s a rt n
I 1 3 23.2%
6
5 100%
l a i c o S e h t n i g n i h c ti w S e d o C f o s e p y T e h t f o y r a m m u S e h T . 2 e l b a T
, s e ti s b e W g n i k t o w t e
N FacebookandTwitter
e h t s a w h c ti w s l a it n e t n e s a rt n i t a h t d e tl u s e r a t a d e h t , e v o b a e l b a t e h t m o r F
t a h t e p y t t n e u q e r f t s o
m the user sused in thei rFacebook and Twitter pages ,in
f o a t a d e h T . e r u t a e f e t a d p u s u t a t s r i e h t n i h ti w e t o r w y e h t h c i h
w intersentenital
h c ti w
s resutledwtih43 number so fcodeswtichingcase sandt hepercentageo ftis
n i h ti w e c n e r r u c c
o theusers ’page swa s76.8%oft heoccurrence.
.
B The Accuracy o fthe Engilsh in the Facebook’ sStatuse sand Twitter’ s
s r e g a n e e T n a i s e n o d n I y b d e t s o P s t e e w T
s i h
T bs -u chapte rwli lrevealt he grammaitca laccuracy found i n t hedata
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