ANALYSIS OF JOURNALISTIC PRINCIPLES AT DETIKCOM CASE STUDY ON NEWS OF DWI HARTANTO
B. Principles of Journalism in the Presentation of Dwi Hartanto News
Detikcom broadcasts 21 news about Dwi Hartanto starting on 12 June 2015 at 21:37 WIB as the first news until 12 October 2017 at 18:10. The details are as follows: October 8, 2017 as many as six news, October 9 2017 as many as ten news, October 10 2017 as many as three news, October 11 2017 as many as one news, and October 12, 2017 as many as one news. The first news published in June 2015 and October 2017 has a long enough time compared to the news published in October 2017. In the June 2015 news only published one news without any news developments (running news), while the news in October 2017 contained 20 news developments for 4 consecutive days.
Detikcom relies on speed in publishing news. First, on 12 June 2015 regarding Dwi Hartanto's achievement entitled "From the Netherlands Putera Indonesia, Successfully Created the Latest Space Forum", because Detikcom delivered this news faster than the press release of Kominfo NO.48 / PIH / KOMINFO / 06/2015 on the date June 30, 2015 and other mass media coverage on July 2, 2015. The speed of the presentation of this news is based on facts obtained from direct speakers, Dwi Hartanto in the Netherlands. This news was also written by Detikcom as a report from the Netherlands, reported by Eddi Santosa as a contributor to Detikcom for foreign countries in Europe. It was different from other mass media which reported Dwi's achievements based on press releases conducted by Kominfo.
The speed at which the news is presented makes the information conveyed on this news rely solely on the statement submitted by Dwi Hartanto unilaterally. Although fast, information about Dwi's achievements is presented quite long with twenty-two paragraphs. The news contains five elements 5W1H in fulfilling the element of completeness of information in presenting a news. These elements are, what or what (Dwi Hartanto successfully created a satellite launch vehicle named The Apogee Ranger V7s (TARAV7s) and several other scientific missions.), Who or who (Dwi Hartanto), when or when (June 5 2015 at 12:00 CET), why or why (Dwi got an offer of Dutch citizenship for himself because of his involvement in research involving various large organizations and ministries in the Netherlands), and how or how (Dwi's explanation of the TARAV7s satellite launch vehicle)
If observed, the information disseminated has a deficiency in terms of checking the facts written down, because it only relies on facts presented by Dwi Hartanto. The lack of verification can be seen in the explanation of the vehicle of The Apogee Ranger V7s (TARAV7s) satellite which was successfully launched on June 5, 2015 at 12:00 CET, the information does not provide a clear explanation of the truth of the satellite launch, because it only contains statements from Dwi Hartanto . there was no information about the involvement of various Dutch ministries and ministries and was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Defense, also without containing statements from the Dutch Ministry of Defense or various organizations that funded the project, making the information submitted on this news not through the check and re-check stage before publication.
Nevertheless, the use of one resource person on the first news about Dwi Hartanto's achievements was considered common in the presentation of news in online media, as stated by the following Depikcom executive editor:
Because chasing speed and other sources can be published in the next news. The criteria are generally the news of talking news in the form of opinions. If the accusation, it is necessary to have two speakers as cover both side or amplifier. Legal news originating from law enforcers is also generally from one source (Toriq, 5 June 2018).
Dwi's achievement news is news in the form of opinions. This opinion is a form of confirmation from the relevant speaker by presenting facts in the form of a Dwi statement for the
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achievements he has made. This was confirmed by the explanation of Detikcom's editor regarding Dwi Hartanto's coverage:
There are news called news profile, news of figures such as what directors are, but must be a strong figure such as a popular person, that because he talks about his profile. So the figures whose influence is strong are for example the President, Ministers in the economic field such as the Minister of Public, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Finance. So it is legitimate but not for running, it's just for a break, you know the such a news (Aditiasari, June 8, 2018).
In the use of a single resource person, the first news was because the resource person (Dwi Hartanto) had a strong influence as a figure of achievement who made the Indonesian nation proud. In addition, this achievement news also has great news value from important events, where there is a national figure who has a proud achievement, and the figure (Dwi Hartanto) needs to be reviewed more deeply to be known to the public. Dwi's figure needs to be appointed because he has succeeded in designing the Satellite Launch Vechicle / SLV which is claimed to be the latest rocket technology.
As stated by the editor of Detikcom Dana Aditiasari, the lack of news development (running news) in this news is because the news about important figures or figures is only conveyed as interlude or complementary in the news. Because information about the achievements of certain figures and figures is conveyed to the public as an introduction to the figure will be the achievements and achievements that have been done. If information about a certain figure is reported back, it indicates that the information conveyed in the development of the news (running news) contains the public interest so that it must be informed again.
That can happen, for example, there is an important event and the figure needs to be appointed, such as a female pilot who flew a nortanio plane, well, it is not well known, the pilot is a female pilot, people are curious. So we look at the value of the news, not suddenly he is reported. Well, we call it the pack, so there is a big news value that we need a deeper review (Aditiasari, 8 June 2018).
The element of public interest from a news can be seen from the usefulness or not of the information conveyed to the public. To measure the usefulness of information on a news, Detikcom relies on the most popular news that it has as a benchmark for news that is being hotly discussed to be reviewed and developed more deeply. This most popular is measured by page view (PV) or news reader clicker. Whereas on the news about Dwi Hartanto's achievements, Dwi's figure does need to be known by the public but there is no development of the first news in 2015 entitled "From the Dutch Putera Indonesia, Success Creating the Latest Outer Space Vehicle" was due to information obtained by Eddi Santosa from the speakers directly.
Nevertheless, every information must go through the verification stage to ensure the correctness of information. Recognized Detikcom Ahmad Toriq, deputy managing editor, the news regarding Dwi Hartanto's 2015 achievements had a verification error because he did not check the facts of what Dwi had said.
There is indeed an error, we must admit that it is not orderly verification, but this must also be understood, that Dwi Hartanto made public lies and included reporters. He is lying, so indeed the reporter is not strictly verification, it should be after Dwi claims as soon as possible to check the claims are true or not. But that was not done, it was a mistake (Toriq, 25 May 2018).
Journalists who deliver news about Dwi's achievements, just believe in everything Dwi said. This can be seen from the information submitted. Like the information on the launch of TARAV7s without authentic evidence, only in the form of photos called TARAV7s which are used to show the launch of a vehicle named TARAV7s. It was also mentioned that the project worked on by Dwi and the team was carried out at Technishe Universiteit Delft Netherlands, no checking of the facts was done. In the news body, it was also conveyed that the project involved various Dutch Defense Ministries and organizations, but all the statements submitted by Dwi were not checked, even though the reporters covering the news were in the Netherlands. It can be said that checking
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the facts of the statements submitted by Dwi is so easy to do because journalists are very close to the sources that should be confirmed. However, checking the facts was so easily overlooked by the reporter.
Errors in the verification process carried out by contributor Eddi Santosa also violated the reporting mechanism set by Detikcom. Although this matter was not conveyed by the two informants in this study, the authors saw that there was a procedure that was passed in the editorial process at Detikcom as explained by Ahmad Toriq regarding the mechanism of Detikcom's editorial work.
The mechanism, a journalist who wants to report something, immediately contact the coverage coordinator to consider whether the submission is feasible to continue to become news or not. If accepted, the coverage coordinator will contact the editor at the relevant desk to be asked to contact the reporter so that the data can be retrieved. After that, the information is processed into news, after the news has been made, then checked by the editor or verifier, then new news can be uploaded. While the second method is a report via email, usually carried out by senior journalists and usually in the form of talking news reports. Reporters in the field just need to send the news that has been written, to email [email protected]. Every day there are three to four editors who edit these emails. After the incoming e-mail will then be edited, then it is checked again by the verifier, after the new news is uploaded (Toriq, 25 May 2018).
The report submitted by Detikcom journalists is divided into two things, namely from junior and senior journalists at Detikcom. The difference lies in the report submitted, if junior journalists only report raw data or reports by phone related information that will be submitted to the editor, they do not write the news. While the senior journalist immediately sent the written news, to email [email protected]. This is done to pursue speed in the delivery of information, because junior and senior journalists have different skills. Junior reporters or commonly called prospective reporters, usually do not understand the character and style of writing at Detikcom. Meanwhile, senior journalists are considered to have the skills and are able to capture the news value well from an event or the statement of the resource person and process it into news quickly.
So this way, sometimes if new reporters, they don't understand the problem at all, don't understand, don't match the writing style at AFP, they need to be taught, but because we need to be quick, they usually make reports. Reports can only send data, they can also be by phone.
Well after that, then the office that makes, the editor who needs the news. Make the news, just publish it, so the reporter doesn't write news, but reports only. Like that (Aditiasari, June 8, 2018)
After the information obtained by the journalist is finished written or ready to be reported to the editor, the next step is the task of the editor to check the information submitted by the reporter, if what is delivered is finished news. If what is conveyed is an information report, then the editor is also tasked with writing the report into a story. Checks carried out by the editor include the feasibility of information, completeness of information and writing. In addition to editing the news, the editor is also tasked with verifying the suitability of the information submitted by the reporter before the news is published on Detikcom's website. So every reporter cannot directly publish the news he gets because it must go through the reporting procedure at Detikcom. In addition, journalists also do not have access to directly publish the news. Every reporter only has access to [email protected] email to send news.
Editing information and verification done by editors is not always edited by one editor.
Sometimes the two tasks cannot be done by one editor, this is influenced by reports submitted by reporters. Later, the names of the editors will be listed at the end of the news in the form of code names of editors and verifiers as the identity of the news. If the news material has been written into the news, and only needs to be checked for completeness and conformity with Detikcom's writing style, then the information submitted on the news can be edited and verified by one editor. So the name of the journalist who writes the news is listed under the title, while the name of the editor and
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also as the verifier are listed under the news in the form of the code name of the editor. (One same code).
The condition is different if the information submitted by the reporter is still in the form of report material, this condition requires the editor to write the information into the format of a news.
Verification also cannot be done by the editor of the news writer, verification is usually left to other editors to check the completeness of information and conformity of writing. So the name of the reporter who reports the news is written under the news title, while the name of the editor who writes and verifier will be included under the news in the form of code names of the two editors.
(two different codes).
The other condition is not closing the possibility, journalists who write news are also tasked with verifying the news. This happens if the news is delivered by reporters to the editor not in the form of news, or reports by phone. This can happen if the reporter sends information in the form of a transcript, and the person who writes the news is the editor. The prepared news needs to be confirmed again by the reporters who covered it directly, so that the news was returned to reporters for verification. Another possibility that can occur is, first, the news written by the editor is the old news that was written by a journalist, therefore, the news was submitted to the first reporter who wrote the news for verification. Second, this possibility can be seen in a story by looking at the names of journalists, editors, and verifiers on a news story at Detikcom. If what happens is something like this, then the name of the journalist will be written under the headline, the editor under the news, and the name of the reporter next to the editor's name, under the news, in the form of their name code.
In the first news about Dwi's achievement delivered by Eddi Santosa, it was reported in the form of finished news. The procedure that should be done by Eddi Santosa, after he finishes covering and writing the news, then submitting the news to the editor, or verifier to check the feasibility, completeness of information, and correction of writing. It was not do by Eddi. After the news was written, then immediately published by Eddi without being edited or checked by the verifier. This can be seen from the name and code of the writers listed in Dwi's achievement news entitled "From the Dutch Putera Indonesia, Successfully Create the Latest Outer Space Rides"
below:
Source: Detikcom (2015)
Figure 1
Name of the journalist under the News Title
The name under the news title is the name of the reporter, as shown in figure 1 above. The name is included, if the reporter writes or submits the news so that he or she only reports material information to the editor for reporting. Eddi Santosa is a journalist who writes news about Dwi Hartanto's achievements on June 12, 2015.
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187 Source : Detikcom (2015)
Figure 2
Code Editor and Verifier under News
In Figure 2 shows the code editor and verifier included in the news written by Eddi Santosa is (es / ice). The code belongs to Eddi Santosa. Supposedly, if the news delivered by Eddi through the procedure established by Detikcom, the code editor and verifier would not contain both the code belonging to Eddi.
Eddi Santosa's procedural error in reporting on Dwi Hartanto's achievements occurred because the verification process and news publication were carried out by the journalists who wrote the news themselves. This should not happen, if the news is edited or verified by the editor. But Eddi Santosa as a contributor to Detikcom, apparently was able to immediately upload the news he had written. This is because he has access to be able to publish the news he has written. Access is in the form of an account called "Jahex". The Jahex account is an application that is used to upload news on Detikcom.
In the process of uploading news at Detikcom, publication tasks are generally carried out by editors or verifiers after the information is checked. More precisely, the upload of news is done by the last hand that checks the feasibility, completeness, and correction of writing a news.
However, reporters can also carry out the duties of editors and verifiers to upload news to the Detikcom website. But not all journalists can do this task. Only certain journalists can do it.
Journalists who can upload news are journalists who already have a Jahex account. This account can be obtained by every journalist, the requirement to obtain the account is adjusted to the policies of each news channel at Detikcom.
So, in Detikcom there are 2 divisions, the news division is DetikNews, DetikFinance, while the entertainment division contains DetikSport, Health, Hot, Food, etc. So, specifically in DetikFinance, for some channels, there are those who enter (become Detikcom reporters), they already have a Jahex account. Jahex is like an application that can be used to upload news, but if DetikFfinance, it took one year, as long as he hasn't been one year, he doesn't have an account (Aditiasari, June 7, 2018).
The use of a Jahex account for every activity of uploading a news story done by a journalist has limitations in its access. This account can only be used using the Detikcom office's LAN or wifi network, apart from that the gahex account cannot be accessed. Journalists can only send news via email. But for the editor level, there is a special password given so that it can be used outside the office network. So, editors can carry out their duties even though they are not in the office.
So, to get into a Jahex account, he must log in first, similar to FB or IG login. After logging in, you can only enter the Jahex form to upload the news. If he doesn't log in, he can't upload news. Now to log in, it can only be done from an office network, whether it's a LAN network or an office wifi network. Especially for the editor level, there is a special password given, so that I can log in to Jahex outside the office network. So, he doesn't need to go to the office to upload