ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد لﺎﯿﺳ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ
اﺰﻠﮔﺮﺳ داﻮﺟ ﯾ
1
ﯽ ،
ﻪﻨﯿﯾآ ﺪﯿﻌﺳ
2
1 - دﺎﺘﺳا ،ﯽﻤﯿﺷ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﯽﺳودﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
2 - ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﯽﺳودﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ،ﯽﻤﯿﺷ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ
) رﺎﺗ ﯾ رد ﺦ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 08 / 07 / 97 رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺬﭘ ﺦ ﯾ شﺮ : 19 / 08 / 98 (
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻬﺷور
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ لآ هﺪﯾا غاد ياﻮﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و يدﺎﻤﺠﻧا و
ﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ شزرا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻧﺪ
و ناﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ و
دﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ دﺎﯾز شزرا ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ .
ﻦﯾا رد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ
، فﺬﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ .
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻆﻔﺣ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ شور رد ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ .
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ شور Design Expert
و لوﺪﺟ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻧﺎﯾراو ﺲ ﺎﻣد ،رﺎﺸﻓ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺳ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ياﺮﺑ زاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز و
ناﺰﯿﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ ه
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ .
دﻮﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ و راد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ لﺪﻣ .
دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ )
78,109 ﺪﺻرد ( ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ 0,992
رﺎﺸﻓ رد 20 يﺎﻣد ،لﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ 60
نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ و داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد 120
ﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد د . داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﯽﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻟوﺰﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ هرود ﻞﮐ رد ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﻧورد ذﻮﻔﻧ ،داﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نآ هﺪﻨﻫﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ دﺮﯿﮔ
لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﮏﺸﺧ خﺮﻧ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻣ مﺮﺟ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ندﺮﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻣزآ يﺎﻣد و رﺎﺸﻓ هزﺎﺑ رد و ﮏﯿﻓ مود نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻞﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ﮐ ضﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺶﯾﺎ
يوﺮ
ياﺮﺑ ﮏﻧاﺮﮐ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﻮﺑ نآ
ﻦﯿﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ راﺪﻘﻣ
10
10-
× 51 /4
10 و 10-
× 18 /0 ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ .
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ .
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا .
ژاو ﺪﯿﻠﮐ نﺎﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ ،ﺮﯿﺠﻧا : ،ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ،ندﺮﮐ
ﮏﻧاﺮﮐ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ،
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
:
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺎﮑﯾرﺎﮐ سﻮﮑﯿﻓ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ مﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا گﺮﺑ ﺖﺧرد ﮏﯾ 1
ﻪﺳارﻮﻣ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﺰﯾر نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﻢﻬﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ 2
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ و هزﺎﺗ عﻮﻧ ود ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا .
زا ﺶﯿﺑ
1000 و نﺎﻬﺟ رد ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﺖﺧرد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ دراد دﻮﺟ
. ﺎﺗ
عﺎﻔﺗرا 7 ﺎﺗ 10 ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺘﻣ .
ﺎﺗ ﺰﺒﺳ زا نآ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﮓﻧر
ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ،هﺮﯿﺗ ﺶﻔﻨﺑ ]
1 ، 2 و 3 .[
،هﺰﻤﺷﻮﺧ يا هﻮﯿﻣ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا
ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ﺮﻄﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾوراد صاﻮﺧ ياراد و يﻮﻘﻣ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ و نﺎﻃﺮﺳ 4]
.[ ياراد ﺮﯿﺠﻧا هﻮﯿﻣ
ﯽﺘﻣﻼﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز لﺎﻌﻓ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ،ﮏﯿﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ و ﺎﻫ لوﺮﺘﺳا ،ﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﻧﺎﯿﺳﻮﺘﻧآ .
رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا
ﺖﺳا ﺪﯿﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﮐ و لوﺮﺘﺳاﻮﺘﯿﻓ ،مﺎﺧ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ زا ﯽﺑﻮﺧ 3]
.[ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﯿﻣآ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا يوﺎﺣ و تارﺪﯿﻫﻮﺑﺮﮐ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﻪﮐ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ب ،آ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو زا رﺎﺷﺮﺳ و يروﺮﺿ 1
ب ، 2 داﻮﻣ و ث ،
ياراد ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ رد يدﺎﯾز ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا
5] .[ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا بﻮﺒﺤﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺎﻫ هﻮﯿﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ و ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا شﺪﯿﻔﻣ ﺮﻤﻋ نآ ندﺮﮐ
دﻮﺷ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد .
ﺎﺗ ﺶﺷ ياﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ار ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا
دﺮﮐ هﺮﯿﺧذ هﺎﻣ ﺖﺸﻫ .
تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﯽﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ
ر ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يزروﺎﺸﮐ هزﺎﺟا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃ
دﻮﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نآ تﺪﻣ ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ و ﻦﻣا يزﺎﺳ هﺮﯿﺧذ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ ] 1 و 4 و 5 .[
ا و يژﺮﻧا ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﮏﯾ يﺪﯿﺷرﻮﺧ يژﺮﻧ
نﺎﯾﺎﭘ ،ناواﺮﻓ اﺮﯾز ،دراد ﺖﯿﺤﺟرا يژﺮﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﻨﯾﻻآ ﺮﯿﻏ و ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ .
و نازرا ،ﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺪﯾﺪﺠﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺤﻣ راد ﺖﺳود ﺖﺳا ﺖﺴﯾز ﻂﯿ
] 5 .[
ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﺮﯿﻈﻧ يا هﻮﯿﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ زا يدﺎﯾز راﺪﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ گرﺰﺑ يﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ] 6 .[
ﻪﮐ دراد دﻮﺟو ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﻨﻤﯾا درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﻼﻓآ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ]
7 .[
ﺎﺑ بﻮﻃﺮﻣ يﺎﯾﻮﺳ
يﺎﻣد رد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﻦﺑﺮﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 40
ﻪﺟرد
1. Ficus carica 2. moraceae
ﺎﺳ داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧ رﺎﺸﻓ و 10,3 لﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ نﺎﺑﺮﺟ خﺮﻧ و
20 ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ
ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺷ
ﺪ ] 8 .[
ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ
رﺎﺸﻓ رد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ار ﺞﯾﻮﻫ يا ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا 20
لﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ ﺎﻣد و
ي 40 ﺎﺗ 60 داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد دﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﺪﻧ
] 9 .[
و ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﺨﭘ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﭘ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ اﻮﻫ
يﺎﻣد رد 40 ﺎﺗ 60 داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﮏﺸﺧ
ﺪﺷ . راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار
ﻂﺧ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد نﺎﻣز و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺳا ﺮﻔﺻ ﮏﯿﺘﻨﯿﺳ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ .
نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ
ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ 150
دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ]
10 .[
ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد رد بآ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
.
رﺎﺸﻓ ﺎﺗ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﻣ رد تﺎﻌﯾﺎﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ 35
لﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻣد هدوﺪﺤﻣ و
20 ﺎﺗ 150 داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺖﺳا
.
ا يد رد بآ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓ
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ و ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ]
11 و 12 .[
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا
د رد ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻞﻔﻠﻓ رﺎﺸﻓ ،ﺎﻣ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣز و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
] 13 .[
قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ
يﺎﻣد رد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ 40
ﺎﺗ 80 داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد رﺎﺸﻓ و
10 ﺎﺗ 30
لﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﯿﻟ ﻞﺘﺑ ﺮﭙﯿﭘ گﺮﺑ ﻦﻏور
ﺷ ﺪ ﺖﺳا ه ] 14 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ گﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ و ﺪﺷ
] 15 .[
ﻓ لارﻮﻓرﻮ ﺰﯿﻧ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺞﻧﺮﺑ سﻮﺒﺳ زا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ و ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ
ﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ زﺎﮔ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ و رﺎﺸﻓ ،ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ] 16 .[
قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ يﺪﻨﻫ هﺎﯿﺳ تﻮﺗ زا ار ﮏﯿﻟﻮﻨﻓ و ﻦﯿﻧﺎﯿﺳﻮﺘﻧآ دﺮﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ ا ه
ﺪﻧ ] 17 .[
ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد
ﻞﺒﻨﺗ وﺪﮐ زا ار ﻦﻏور ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ]
18 [ يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور .
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺪﺷ
. ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ و هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ]
19 [ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ .
ﺪﯿﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ار ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ سﻮﭙﺴﯾﺮﮐ گﺮﺑ زا
ﺮﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ د
ا ه ﺪﻧ ] 20 [ ﻦﻏور . ﺑ ﯽﻨﻏور يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧاد زا ﺎ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا . دﻮﺑ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ خﺮﻧ و ،نﺎﻣز ،رﺎﺸﻓ ،ﺎﻣد يدورو يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ
] 21 [ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ سوﺮﺧ جﺎﺗ ﻞﮔ ﻪﻧاد ﻦﻏور .
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣز ،رﺎﺸﻓ ،ﺎﻣد يدورو يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ دﻮﺑ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ]
22 [ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ار رﺎﻧا ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا .
دﺮﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ا ه
ﺪﻧ ] 23 [ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﯽﯾاﺰﺟا .
يﺎﻫ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ زا ار يا ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻣورآ يﺎﻫ ﻦﺑﺮﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ا هدﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﻧ
] 24 [ ﭘ ﻦﻏور زا ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ار ﻦﺗورﺎﮐ ﺎﺘﺑ . جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻢﻟﺎ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . دﻮﺑ نﺎﻣز و رﺎﺸﻓ ،ﺎﻣد يدورو يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ .
ﻪﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ
دﻮﺑ نﺎﻣز زا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ و ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺎﻣد و رﺎﺸﻓ ]
25 [ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .
شور ﺐﯾﺎﻌﻣ شور ،ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﯿﻈﻧ نرﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﯾاﺰﻣ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ اﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ رد ﯽﯾوراد و ﯽﯾ
لﻼﺣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺎﺳ رد ﯽﻟآ يﺎﻫ
يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﺪﻧا . ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ ﺎﻣا زﺎﮔ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ
دراد ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ .
ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﻪﺘﯾزﻮﮑﺴﯾو ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ 10
ﺎﺗ 100 نآ ذﻮﻔﻧ و ﺮﺗ ﻢﮐ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 10
رد ﺖﺳا بآ زا ﺮﺗ ﺶﯿﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺘﻧا ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ رد مﺮﺟ لﺎﻘ .
ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ
ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ بﻮﺧ لﻼﺣ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ نآ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ .
شور ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ يرواﺮﻓ يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺶﯿﺑ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد لﺎﯿﺳ زا ،ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻦﻤﯾا و ﯽﺒﻄﻗﺮﯿﻏ ﻪﮐ
ا ،ﺖﺳا ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳ .
رد ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ
ﺖﺳا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﮏﯾ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ .
ﺖﻘﯿﻘﺣ رد
قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ رد ﻪﮑﻠﺑ دﻮﺷ ﯽﻤﻧ فﺬﺣ ﺪﯿﻌﺼﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ ﺎﺑ بآ دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ .
،ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﮑﺸﻣ
ﺖﺳا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ رد بآ ﻢﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ .
ﻏ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﯽﻤﮐ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﭼﺮﮔ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬ
دﺎﯾز ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ لژ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ درﻮﻣرد ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شور ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ]
26 .[
ﻢﻬﻣ رﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ 3
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ
3. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
) ﺪﻣﺎﺟ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا (
قﻮﻓ تﻻﺎﯿﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ا ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻣد رد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧ
دﻮﺷ . ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد
ﺖﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ سﺎﺴﺣ داﻮﻣ 27]
. [ 1 ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ
ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﯽﺷور ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ نآ ﻖﺒﻃ و ﺖﺳا ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ لﺎﯿﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ
يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ ﮏﯿﻓ مود نﻮﻧﺎﻗ هﺪﺷ هدﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ ،ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ و هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد ياﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ هدﺮﺑ رﺎﮑﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣز و ﺎﻣد ،رﺎﺸﻓ رد .
2 - ﺎﻫ شور و داﻮﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﺒﻬﺘﺳا نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﯿﺠﻧا زا ﺰﺒﺳ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﺲﭘ و ﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﭼ سرﺎﻓ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻞﺧاد رد نآ زا
ﮑﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ يﺎﻫ راﺮﻗ ﯽ
يﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﻞﺧاد و هداد 4
داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺪﺷ يراد ﻪﮕﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ و ﺎﻣد ﺎﺗ و دﻮﺷ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ جرﺎﺧ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﻞﺧاد زا ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ .
ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ هداد ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ ﺎﻫ
-
ﺮﮕﯾد صاﻮﺧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ و ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﻞﮑﺷ يوﺮﮐ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ،
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد .
ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد يوزاﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ار ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﺘﺑا
0,01 ) ﺖﮐﺮﺷ M.T. Electronic نﺎﻤﻟآ
( ﺎﺑ و هدﺮﮐ نزو
ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ ﺲﯿﻟﻮﮐ )
هدﺎﺳ دﺎﮐآ ﺲﯿﻟﻮﮐ 15
ﺖﻧﺎﺳ ( ﺮﻄﻗ 0,02 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ
ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﺘﻣ .
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ شور
Design Expert ver. 7 يزﺎﺳ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ و ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ياﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر راﺪﻘﻣ هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﯿﺠﻧا .
شور ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﺑ
دﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز و ﺎﻣد ،رﺎﺸﻓ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻦﺘﺷاد ن
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ
ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ شور ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ و Design
Expert ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . لوﺪﺟ 1 ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار يدورو يﺎ .
Table 1 The range of inputs variation in the complete factorial method
Range of variations
Up level Bottom level
unit code
variable
20 60
40
oC A
temperature
12 20
8 MPa
B pressure
60 120
60 min
C time
ﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺮ
8 شور ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ
لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ 2
ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ هداد ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ يدورو ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
.
Table 2 Experiment data Design Expert Software
Pressure (MPa) Temperature
(oC) time
(min) Y (amount moisture of removal)
(%)
200 60
120 78.7
200 60
60 27.15
200 40
120 70.93
200 40
60 21.67
80 60
120 25
80 60
60 8.4
80 40
120 14.5
80 40
60 5.8
مﺎـﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﺶﯾﺎـﻣزآ طﺎـﻘﻧ رد ار طﻮـﻄﺧ عاﻮـﻧا ،ﺦـﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ شزاﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺪـﻨﮐ ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﺋارا و هدﺮﮐ
. لوﺪـﺟ ﺰﯿﻟﺎـﻧآ ﺲﻧﺎـﯾراو
4
(ANOVA) يراﺰﺑا
ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺋارا ﻪ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ تﺎـﮑﻧ و ﺖﺤـﺻ ،
ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار شزاﺮﺑ ﺖﻗد .
يﻻﺎـﺑ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ F-value
ﯽﮐﺎـﺣ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا زا .
ﺮﮔا p-value زا ﺮـﺗ ﺶﯿـﺑ يﺮـﺛا ياﺮﺑ 0,05
زا ﺮﺗ ﻢﮐ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ و دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺨﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺛا نآ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 0,01
نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺮـﮔ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا .
راﺪـﻘﻣ p-value ﯽـﺟوﺮﺧ ﺮـﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮـﺑ لﺪـﻣ
هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر 0,0002
شزاﺮـﺑ يﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﯽــﻣ .
ﺐﯾﺮــﺿ ﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ لﺪــﻣ ﻦﯾﺮــﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﺑﺎــﯾزرا رﺎــﯿﻌﻣ
ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ) ( ﺎﻄﺧ تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﺸﯾر و )
( ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
ﻂﺑاور زا 1 و 2 ﺪﯾآ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ :
) 1 (
) 2 (
ﻻﺎـﺑ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ رد
،
، و ﺮﯾدﺎـﻘﻣ ﺐـﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ
ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ
، ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺸﯿﭘ ، تﺎـﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺸﯾر و ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ
ﺎــﻄﺧ و تاﺪﻫﺎﺸــﻣ داﺪــﻌﺗ N )د
ﺎــﻫ هدا ( ﺖــﺳا . ﻪــﭼﺮﻫ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ) ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ (
و ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ
4. Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA)
ﺪـﻨﮐ ﯽـﻣ ﯽـﻨﯿﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺮﺗ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﻃ رد ار ﺖﺑﻮﻃر .
ﺎـﺑ ار ﺮـﯿﺠﻧا ﺪﯾﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ندروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ياﺮﺑ رد نآ ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ و هدﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﺣ ﮏﺸﺧ دﻮﺷ هدروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ندﺮﮐ .
ندروآ ﺖـﺳد ﻪـﺑ ياﺮـﺑ
هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺮـﯿﺠﻧا ندﻮـﺑ هﺮـﮐ ضﺮـﻓ زا ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ
ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ .
ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ هﺮـﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﮏﻧاﺮﮐ ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا :
) 3 (
ﻪﯾرﻮﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ دﺪﻋ )
( ﻪﺑ هﺮﮐ ياﺮﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯾز ترﻮﺻ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
:
) 4 ( ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯿﻓﺮﻃ زا ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻢﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ ﺎﺑ )
3 ( ﺮـﯾز ﯽـﻄﺧ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ
ﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ د:
) 5 ( ذﻮـﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ ،ﯽﺗﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ يﺎﻄﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ )
( ﻪـﻄﺑار رد
هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
2 - 1 - ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﯿــﺳ هﺎﮕﺘــﺳد رد ﺪﻬﺸــﻣ ﯽــﺳودﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺸــﻧاد رد ﯽــﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮــﻓ لﺎ
هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﯽﻤﯿـﺷ ﯽـﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮـﮔ ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺖﺳا . زا ﺪـﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ هﺎﮕﺘـﺳد ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ :
ﺶﯿـﭘ نﺰـﺨﻣ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻞﺳ ،ﻦﮐ مﺮﮔ 50 cc
و تﻻﺎﺼـﺗا و ﯽﺸـﮐ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ،ﭗﻤﭘ ،
يد ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ
رﺪﻨﻠﯿـﺳ نورد رد ﻪـﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا 45
ﯽﻣﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ )
ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﭼﻮﻗ هدﺎﺟ ،نﺎﯿﮐارﻮﺧ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ (
ﺖـﺷاد راﺮـﻗ .
ﻞﮑﺷ رد هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻦﯾا هراﻮﺣﺮﻃ 1
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
Fig 1 High pressure apparatus for supercritical fluid extraction
ﻪـﮐ صﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ يرﻮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ار هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺠﻧا اﺪﺘﺑا ﻞﺳ دراو ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ برد و هدﺮـﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
نﺪـﺷ ﮏﺸـﺧ تﺎـﯿﻠﻤﻋ لﻮـﻃ رد رﺎـﮐ ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ياﺮﺑ و ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ار نآ
ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ دﻮﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا .
و ﯽـﺑد ﺪـﯾﺎﺑ ﺞﻨﺳرﺎﺸـﻓ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
رﺎﺸـﻓ ﺎـﺗ دﺮﮐ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ يرﻮﻃ ار يدورو ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد زﺎﮔ رﺎﺸﻓ يد ﯽـﻧاﺮﺤﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يرﺎﺸﻓ ﻪﺑ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻞﺳ رد ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﺪﺳر ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا .
ﺲﭘ
ﻞـﺣ دﻮﺧ رد ار ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﻞﺧاد بآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد زﺎﮔ نآ زا ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ . نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ حﺮﻃ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ
دﻮﺷ ) دوﺪﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد 120
ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ( تﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ار
زا ﺎـﻫﺮﯿﺠﻧا و مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻞـﺳ زا ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﯿﻠﺨﺗ و هدﺮﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ جرﺎﺧ نﺰﺨﻣ .
ﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ار ﺮﯿﺠﻧا نزو ناﺰـﯿﻣ ﺎﺗ هدﺮﮐ يﺮ
ددﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ هداد ﺖﺳد زا بآ .
هزاﺪـﻧا ﺰـﯿﻧ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ . ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز هزﺎﺑ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ندﺮـﮐ ﻞـﺧاد ﺎـﻫ
نوآ ) ناﺮﯾا ،ﺐﻃ نﺎﯿﺳرﺎﭘ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ (
يﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ 80 داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺟرد
ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮـﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻫ ﮏﺸﺧ مﺮﺟ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ زﺎﯿﻧدرﻮﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ، .
2 - 2 هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﮏﺸــﺧ نزو و ﻪــﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ نزو و ﻪــﯿﻟوا نزو لﺎــﺘﯿﺠﯾد يوزاﺮــﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﻫﺮﯿﺠﻧا .
ﻂـﺑاور زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ 6
و 7 ﯽـﻣ
ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﮏﺸـﺧ يﺎـﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ار هداد ﺖﺳد زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد ناﻮﺗ دﺮﮐ :
) 6 (
) 7 (
لواﺪـﺟ رد هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ و يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا يﺎﻫ هداد 3
و 4 هدروآ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
Table 3 Dry fig weight in pressures and at different times
test pressure
) MPa ( temperature
oC) ( Initial
weight ) gr ( Diameter
) mm ( Weight after 30 minutes
) gr ( Weight after 60 minutes
) gr ( Weight after 90 minutes
) gr ( Weight after 120
minutes ) gr ( Dry weight
) gr (
1 20 60
2.02
15.22
1.92 1.83 1.74 1.65 1.55
2 20 40
2.14
14.98
2.05 1.95 1.88 1.80 1.66
3 15 60
2.47
15.02
2.38 2.30 2.22 2.14 1.93
4 15 40
2.53
17.10
2.45 2.39 2.32 2.25 1.93
5 12 60
2.89
15.08
2.81 2.74 2.67 2.60 2.22
6 12 40
2.66
15.96
2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.03
7 8 60
2.8
15.10
2.76 2.71 2.68 2.64 2.16
8 8 40
2.54
18.90
2.52 2.49 2.48 2.46 1.98
Table 4 Weight (initial, secondary and dry) and moisture content (initial, secondary and lost) data
(MPa) pressure (oC)
temperature (min)
time (gr)Initial
weight Wo (gr)Secondary
weight Wf (gr)Dry
weight We Initial
moisture
Xo Secondary
moisture
Xf Y
(%)
20 60
120 0.47
0.1 1.55
0.303 0.064 78.7
20 60
60 0.44
0.32 1.51
0.291 0.212 27.15
20 40
120 0.48
0.14 1.66
0.289 0.084 70.93
20 40
60 0.51
0.40 1.70
0.300 0.235 21.57
8 60
120 0.64
0.48 2.16
0.296 0.222
25
8 60
60 0.94
0.86 3.03
0.310 0.284 8.4
8 40
120 0.56
0.48 1.98
0.283 0.242 14.5
8 40
60 0.84
0.79 2.70
0.311 0.293 5.8
15 60
120 0.54
0.21 1.93
0.280 0.109 61.1
15 40
120 0.60
0.32 1.91
0.311 0.166 46.6
12 60
120 0.67
0.38 2.22
0.302 0.171 43.4
12 40
120 0.63
0.42 2.03
0.310 0.207 33.2
3 - ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ
3 - 1 - ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ
لوﺪﺟ 5 زاﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ طﺎﻘﻧ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ رد هﺪﺷ ش
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ .
لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻟﺎـﻧآ شور زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ
تﺎﺸـﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽـﺣاﺮﻃ راﺰـﻓا مﺮـﻧ زا ﯽـﺟوﺮﺧ ﺮﯾدﺎـﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺖﺳا ياﺮـﺑ ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽـﻣ ﺎـﻫ لﺪـﻣ ﻦـﯾا ﻪـﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻧور رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ يﺎﻀﻓ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ 23]
.[
Table 5 Results of ANOVA table in experimental design
Adeq.
Precision
F-value
p-value
39.580 0.9778
0.9927
0.9969 239.70
0.0004
Y
3 - 2 - هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد يرﺎﻣآ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ
لوﺪﺟ ANOVA لوﺪﺟ رد نآ ﻢﻬﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻪﮐ
6 هﺪﺷ هدروآ
ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﺎﻣز ،رﺎﺸﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ،ﺖﺳا F-
value ﻻﺎﺑ و p-value ﺖﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ ﺪﺻرد رد و ﺪﻧراد ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻢﻬﻣ .
Table 6 ANOVA table for important effects of removed moisture
Comment p-value
Prob>F F-value
Mean square
Df Sum of squares Source
important
0.0004 239.70
1351.64
4
5406.55 Model
0.0295
15.39 86.79
1
86.79 A-temperature
0.0002
464.47 2619.07
1 2619.07 B-pressure
0.0003
352.55 1987.97
1
1987.97 C-time
0.0015
126.40 712.72
1
712.72 BC
5.64
3
16.92 Residual
7 5423.46 Cor total
2.37 Std. Dev.
160.57 Lack of fit
31.52 Mean
7.53 C. V. %
120.29
Press
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ شزاﺮـﺑ مﺪـﻋ نﻮﻣزآ ندﻮﺑ راد )
Lack of fit (
ﮏـﯾ ياﺮـﺑ
راﺮـﻗ لﺪـﻣ فاﺮـﻃا ﯽﺑﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ طﺎـﻘﻧ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد و ﺪﻧا ﺮﯾدﺎـﻘﻣ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺸـﯿﭘ ياﺮـﺑ لﺪـﻣ زا ناﻮﺗ
دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻊﺑﺎﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ .
ﻨﯾا ياﺮـﺑ ـﮑ ﯽﺑﻮـﺧ ﯽﯾﺎـﻧاﻮﺗ لﺪـﻣ ﻪ
ــﮐ ﺖــﺳا مزﻻ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘــﺷاد تﺎــﻋﻼﻃا شزاﺮــﺑ ياﺮــﺑ ﻪ
ﺐﯾاﺮــﺿ
ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ياراد
. P-value و لﺪـﻣ ياﺮـﺑ
زا ﺮﺗ ﻢﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﻤﻫ 0,05
دﻮﺑ . فاﺮـﺤﻧا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺎﺑ
ﻦﯿﯾﺎــﭘ رﺎــﯿﻌﻣ
3) 10-
× 1,458 ( زا ﺮﺘﺸــﯿﺑ تﺎﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺖــﻗد و 4
و
زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ شزاﺮﺑ ناﺪﻘﻓ راﺪﻘﻣ 0,05
ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ
ﺟ يﺎﻫ هداد ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ لﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﺪﯾﺪ
. ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎـﯿﻣ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ 0,093
ﺖﺳا .ا ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﺎـﻣد و نﺎـﻣز ،رﺎﺸـﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓ
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا .
ﺮـﺗ ﺶﯿﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
ﺖـﺳا ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد زا .
فﺬـﺣ راﺪـﻘﻣ ﺎـﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺎـﺑ
نﺎـﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻣا ﺪـﻨﮐ ﯽـﻣ اﺪـﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﻢﮐ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻃر فﺬﺣ ،نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ دراد يﺮﯿﮔ ﻢﺸﭼ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﺑﻮ
. ﻪـﺑ لﺪﻣ
ﯽﮕﺘﺴـﺑاو ﻪـﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﻪـﺘﻓر ﺖـﺳد زا ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﯾز ﻪﻄﺑار ﻖﺒﻃ ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ و يدورو يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ :
) 8 ( Model=0.093+0.011A+0.053B+0.047C+5.875×10-
3AC+0.029BC
3 - 3
يزﺎﺳ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ
ﻮـﺷ ﯽـﻣ ﻒـﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﮐ د
صﺎـﺧ دﺪـﻋ ﮏـﯾ ﯽﺘﺣ ﺎﯾ صﺎﺧ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ رد ﻪﻨﯿﻤﮐ ،ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﺋارا يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ار ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ـﻨﮐ
ﻪـﮐ ﺪ
و ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ﮏـﯾدﺰﻧ دﻮـﺧ ﻪـﻨﯿﻬﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﺋارا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻦﯾا زا ماﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ يدﺪﻋ ﺪﻫد . ﺮﻔﺻ ﻦﯿﺑ دﺪﻋ ﻦﯾا ﺮـﺗ ﮏـﯾدﺰﻧ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ و ﺖﺳا ﮏﯾ و
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا . ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﺮﺘﺸـﯿﺑ ﺖـﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ياراد ﻪـﮐ ﯽﻄﯾاﺮﺷ
لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ 7
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا .
ﯽﺑﺎﯾ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ
تﺎﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ نآ ﻞـﺧاد رد ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا يدﺪﻋ يﺎﻬﺷور راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد دﻮـﺷ ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﺋارا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ و هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺮـﯿﻐﺘﻣ هﺪـﺷ فﺬـﺣ ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر ﺪـﺻرد ﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﯽ دﺎـﯾز و ﻢـﮐ يزﺎـﺳ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد ار نآ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ناﺰﯿﻣ ،ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ
دﺮﮐ .
Table 7 Optimum conditions and desirability percentage
3 - 4 - ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ﺮﻫ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد رد 30
هزﺎﺑ رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﯽﻧﺎﻣز
120 ﻠﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد يﺎﻬ
2 و 3 ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
Fig 2 Diagram for drying figs at different pressures in 60 ° C
desirability
% removal moisture time (min)
pressure (MPa) temperature (oC)
0.992 78.109
120
20 60
Optimum
Fig 3 Diagram for drying figs at different pressures in 40 °C
ﻞﮑﺷ يﺎﻫ 2 و 3 رد ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نآ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﯽﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻟوﺰﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ هرود ﻞﮐ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ دﺮﯿﮔ
نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﻣا ﯽﻧورد ذﻮﻔﻧ ،داﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ
لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﮏﺸﺧ خﺮﻧ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻣ مﺮﺟ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ندﺮﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. رد ﻞﮐ
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد رد بآ ،نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ هزﺎﺑ .
ﺎﺑ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد رادﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺴﮐا راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ -
ﺪﺷ ﻢﺳر نﺎﻣز .
رد
لوﺪﺟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ناﺮﮕﯾد ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ 8
ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ
ﺖﺴﻧاد لﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ار ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ .
Table 8 Comparison the results of this study with others
% moisture
Time (hr)
T(oC) P (MPa)
[28]
22.3 72
55-85 0.1
[29]
25.95 1.42
44.7 29
[7]
50 33
60 0.1
[30]
30 24
64 0.1
[31]
40 216
65 0.1
In this study
78.109 2
60 20
3 - 5 - ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﻂﺑاور ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ 3
و 4 و ﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ رد نآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا
9 هﺪﻣآ
ﺖﺳا .
هداد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ندﺮﮐ -
ﺎﻣد رد ﺮﯿﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ رادﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺳر ﺎﺑ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ و
ln(MR) ﺪﯾآ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺐﯿﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻄﺧ نﺎﻣز ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد .
Table 9 Diffusion coefficient in variable temperatures and pressures for n=10000
3 - 6 - ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ
دﺮﮐ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ار ندﺮﮐ .
ﻞﮑﺷ 4 ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ رادﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار رﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ندﺮﮐ .
Fig4 Variations chart of velocity in terms of temperature and pressure
ﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ن
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ نآ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﺮﯾز ﻪﻄﺑار رد ﻪﮐ :
) 9 (
) 10 ( V=2.069×10-7T+1.858×10-7P-1.664×10-5
ﻪﻄﺑار 10 مﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ
راﺰﻓا Matlab ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ .
ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ R2=0.9989,
R2adj=0.9983, RMSE=3.243×10-7 ﺖﺳا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ
.
4 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ شور ﮏﺸﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ نﺎﻣز اﺮﯾز ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ لآ هﺪﯾا اﻮﻫ و يدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ .
ﮏﺸﺧ ، ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﻓﺮﮔ ﺖ . ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
ﯽﻤﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﮓﻨﻫآ هرود ،ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ دﻮﺷ
ﯽﻣ قﺎﻔﺗا ﯽﻟوﺰﻧ ﮓﻨﻫآ هرود رد اﺪﺘﺑا نﺎﻤﻫ زا نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ و -
ﺪﺘﻓا . رد ﺮﯿﺠﻧا ﻪﮐ ﻦﯾا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ناﺪﺑ ﻦﯾا
ﻮﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ،دﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ ضﺮﻌﻣ ند
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،تراﺮﺣ و مﺮﺟ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻊﻓد ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ هرذ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ .
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد
ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ هداد ﺖﺤﺻ نداد نﺎﺸﻧ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ لﺪﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳ
ﺎﺸﻧ لﺪﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﮑﯾدﺰﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا هﺪﺷ ن
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد . ﺚﻋﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ زا
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
بآ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ اﺮﭼ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يد رد ،
ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ .
ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ زا
ﻦﯿﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺮﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﮏﻧاﺮﮐ ﻪﻄﺑار
10
10 -
× 51 /4
10 و 10 -
× 18 / 0 ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ
.
Pressure (MPa) Temperature
(oC)
7.61 4.51
20 60
7.49 3.55
20
40
7.51 2.47
15
60
8.55 1.82
15
40
7.54 1.15
12
60
7.98 0.76
12
40
7.55 0.35
8
60
9.45 0.18
8
40
5 - ﺎﻫرﺎﺼﺘﺧا و ﻢﺋﻼﻋ
هﺪﺷ فﺬﺣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد
Y
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
v
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ
R2adj
ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺸﯿﭘ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ
R2pre
ﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺸﯾر ﺎﻄﺧ تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﮕ
RSME
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ n
ﻪﯾرﻮﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ دﺪﻋ
ﺪﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ نﺎﻣز
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
MR
نﺎﻣز رد مﺮﺟ
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد مﺮﺟ
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ياﺪﺘﺑا رد مﺮﺟ
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Experimental study of fig drying using supercritical fluid of carbon dioxide
Sargolzaei, J.1, Aeeneh, S. 2
1. Professor in Chemical Engineering, , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Engineering, Dept.
Chemical Engineering.
2. Graduated Master in Chemical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Engineering, Dept.
Chemical Engineering.
(Received: 2018/09/30 Accepted:2019/11/10)
Drying foods, such as freezing methods and hot air, are not ideal and reduces the nutritional value and is also expensive and is used only for high value food. In this research, drying with supercritical fluid of carbon dioxide was investigated to remove moisture from the figs. In the drying process with supercritical fluid, the structure of food products is maintained during drying. The design of the experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement using Design Expert software and analysis variance table to determine the effect of three pressure parameters, temperature, and time to measure the removal rate of moisture. The calculated factorial model was meaningful and able to select the best drying parameters. In optimum conditions, the highest yield (78.109%) with the desirability of 0.992 at 20 MPa, 60 °C and 120 minutes duration. The results showed that the drying of figs during the whole drying period is carried out at the downstream stage, which indicates that the drying of these materials, the internal moisture control, controls the rate of drying and mass transfer. In this study, by solving the second Fick's law and in the range of pressure and temperature tested, with the assumption of the spherical of the fig using the Crank equation, the amount of moisture diffusion coefficient between 4.51× 10-10 and 0.18 × 10 -10 m2/s were obtained. The fig's drying rate was also calculated.
Increasing temperature and pressure caused to increase the drying rate.
Keywords: Crank equation, Diffusion coefficient, Drying, fig, Supercritical fluid
Corresponding Author E-Mail Address: [email protected]
