ﯼﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯼﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ۲۷
ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ٤٠ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ١ ، ١٣٨٨ ) ٣٥ ‐ ٢٧ (
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﯼﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻭﺮﺴﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﺨﻴﻠﻋﺎﻗﺁ ﺪﻴﺠﻣ ،۱
۲
ﻭ *
ﺪﻴﺳ ﯽﻠﻋ ﯼﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
۳
۱ ، ۲ ، ۳ ، ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﯼﺯﺭ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۴ / ۱۱ / ۸۴
‐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ : ۹ / ۱۲ / ۸۵ (
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ١٣٨٣
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺶﻳﺎ
٤ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ .
ﺭﺩ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ )
ﺮﻴﺗ ﻡﺍ ﻲﺳ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺗ ﻢﻫﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ،ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﻜﻳ (
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ )
٤٥ ، ٥٥ ، ٦٥ ﻭ ٧٥ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ (
ﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻋﺮ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ .
،ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺯﻭ .
ﻊﻤﺟ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ٥
/ ٣٢ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺗ ٧٥٠٠٠
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ .
ﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ .
ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺑﺰﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺯﺭﺎﻛﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
٩٦ / ٦ ﻭ ٩٧ / ٤ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ٢٨
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻦﺗ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ٦
/ ٢٢ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻚﺗ ﺩﺮﻜ
.
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ
ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ،ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ :
ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻩﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺕﻼﻏ
ﺍﺰﻠﮐ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ
، ﺀﻼﺧ ﻚﻳ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺎﺗ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ٨٠
ﺎﺗ ٩٠ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
. ﺖﺸﮐ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻚﻳ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮﮔ
ﺩ . ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ
(Zea mays var.
saccarata)
ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻧ
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴ )
٧٥ ﺎﺗ ٨٥ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ (
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺸﮐ
(Alessi, 1975) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ
ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ
ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻱﺭﻮﺧ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ )
٢٠ ﺎﺗ ٢٥ ﻞﻛ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ (
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭﺮﺴﻨﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﺖﺸﮐ ﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻘ
ﻲﻣ ﻪ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻭ
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ*
: ﯽﻧﺎﺨﻴﻠﻋﺎﻗﺁ ﺪﻴﺠﻣ
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ۲۶۰۹۶۵۹
‐ ۰۹۱۲ E-mail: [email protected]
۲۸ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﯽﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻭﺮﺴﻨﻛ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ
ﺪﻫﺩ
(Mokhtarpour, 2002)
. ،ﺶﻳﻭﺭ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
ﻬﻇ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻲﺑﺍﺩﺎﺷ ،ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻧ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻮ
ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺭ ،ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ
ﻭ ﻭﺮﺴﻨﻛ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ
ﺕﺭﺫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ
ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﺋﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﺼﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻩﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﻨﻣ ﻪﻘﻄ ﻥﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺤﻣ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﻋ
(Mokhtarpour, 2002)
ﻭ
ﻥﺎﺠﻨﺳﺭﺍ
(Hasanzadeh Moqaddam, 1996)
ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻱﺎﻬﺘﺸﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ١٠
ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ
٣٠ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺸﻛ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺗ
(Nour Mohammadi, 2002)
. ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
Karamzadeh & Kashani (1994)
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ٥
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﻣ
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ١٥
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﺗ . ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﺎﻤﮐ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ
Herbek ﻱﺎﻫ
(1986)
ﻭ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ
،ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ
ﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ
Hunter ﻱ
(1980)
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻓﺎﮐ ﺕﻼﻴﻤﻴﺳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ .
ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ،ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻫﺩ . ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
Rastgar (2000)
ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺏﻮﭼ ﻥﺯﻭ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻭ
KSC404 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
Nour Mohammadi .
(2002)
ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻤ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺍﺭ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
ﺪﻫﺩ .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
Eskandari (2002)
،ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻞﮐ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺌ
ﻦﻴ ﹰﺍﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯼﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺍﺭﻭ ﻩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
(Komeili, 1994)ﺪﻫﺩ
Bruns & Abbas.
(2006)
ﻧﻴ ﺩ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺰ ﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺮ
ﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ .
ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
، ﻊﺸﻌﺸﺗ ﺏﺬﺟ
، ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ
ﺭﻮﻧ
، ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
، ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ
ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﺵﻮﺟﺎﭘ ( ﻲﻣ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﮔ
ﹰﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺩﺭﺍﺬ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻱ
ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻫﺩ
(Zaefarian, 2003)
. ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺭﺫ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻳ
ﻪﺘﻓ ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ
ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻧ ،ﺏﺁ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻲﻣ
(Poneleit & Egli, 1979; Shapiro & ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
Wortmann, 2006; Wiatrak et al., 2004)
. ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
، ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻲﻤﻬﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ )
ﮏﻴﻟﻮﺑﺍﺭﺎﭘ ( ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ
ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
(Duncan & Hesketh, 1966)
.
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻚﻤﺨﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ( ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻲﻣ
(Poneleit & Egli, 1979)ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
Farah vash & Amir .
Hallaji
ﻧ ﻴ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺰ ﻳ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶ ﻳ
ﺶ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻳ
ﻣ ﺶ ﻲ ﻳ
(Farah vash & ﺪﺑﺎ
Amir Hallaji, 2006)
. ﻪﺑ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻞﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﮔ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﮔ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓﺍ
، ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ
ﻲﺟﺎﺗ ﻞﮔ ﻢﺸﻳﺮﺑﺍ ﻭ
ﻢﻴﻘﻋ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻞﮔ ﻩﺩﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓﺍ
ﻲﻣ
(Poneleit & Egli, 1979) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Pezeshkpour & .
Kazaei (1995)
ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ٣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ
) ٦٦٧٠٠ ، ٧٤١٠٠ ، ٨٣٣٠٠ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ (
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺩ
٧٤١٠٠ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Mazaheri et al. .
(2002)
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
٣ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ٧٠ ، ٨٠ ، ٩٠ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
ﯼﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯼﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ۲۹
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ٧٠ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ٩٠
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﻮﺳ ﮏﻳ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﮑﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻮﺟﺎﭘ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﺮﺑ
ﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ) ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ (
ﺕﺭﺫ
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ
. ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ
١٣٨٣ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺓﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﺩ ٥١
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ٨ ﻭ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
٣٥ ﻭ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ٤٣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ١٢١٥
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ .
ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺍﻮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ،ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ..
(.
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺬﺧﺍ
ﻚﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺍﻮﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ )
ﺮﮕﺘﻴﭼ ( ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﺤﻣ ،
ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻢﻳﮊﺭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺪﺘﻌﻣ ﻚﺸﺧ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
ﻲﻨﺷ ﻡﻮﻟ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ
(Sandy loam) pHﻭ
ﻥﺁ ٣ / ٧ ﺩﻮﺑ .
ﻲﻟﺁ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ٨٤
/ ٠ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ٣ ﻭ ٣٥٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ .
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺡﺮﻃ
ﺕﺮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
٤ ﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ .
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ
ﺢﻄﺳ ) ﮑﻳ ﻢ ،ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ،ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﻫﺩ ﺮﻴﺗ
ﻭ ﻲﺳ ﻡﺍ ﺮﻴﺗ ( ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ
ﺢﻄﺳ ) ٤٥ ، ٥٥ ، ٦٥ ﻭ ٧٥ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ (
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ
. ﺮﻫ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ
ﺶﺷ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻂﺧ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺶﺷ
٦٥ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ ﺯﺍ .
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ
،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﮏﺴﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ
ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ٣٠٠ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﮐ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻞﭙﻳﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻓ ﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺩﻮﮐ
ﻴﻣﺯ ﻦ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ .
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ
ﻱﺎﻫ ٧٥ ،ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
٦٥ ،ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ٥٥ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ٤٥ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺬﺑ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ )
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻢﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺲﻛﺍﻭﺎﺘﻳﻭ ﺶﻛ
( ﺕﺭﺫ
ﻢﻗﺭ ،ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ
KSC403
ﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ٥ / ٢٠ ، ٦ / ٢٣ ، ٢٨ ﻭ ٣٤ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ .
ﺏﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﮎﺎﺧ ﮏﺒﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻲﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻓﺩ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .
ﻬﺟ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺰﺒﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺖ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻚﻨﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻝﻮﺼﺣ ٣
‐ ٢
ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ .
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻭﺍ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﻛ
٣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ٢ ،ﻲﮔﺮﺑ ٦
‐ ٥ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ ١٠
‐ ٩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ
ﻱﺭﺍﻮﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ١
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﮐ .
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﻤﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻑﺬﺣ ٢
ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻂﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻱﺍ ٨
ﺵﻮﺟﺎﭘ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺍ
) ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ٢
ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ( ﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .
ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ
ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
Leaf Area
Meter ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﻥﺯﻭ ، ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
،ﻝﻼﺑ ﻲﻠﭽﻛ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺯﻭ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﺏﻮﭼ ﺮﻄﻗ ،ﻝﻼﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
. ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺪﻨﻗ
ﺯﺭﺎﻛﺎﺳ ،ﺰﻛﻮﻠﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺯﻮﺘﻛﻭﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺰﻳﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﻤﺧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺎﻴﻬﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﺵ
٢HPLC
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ .
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻞﮐ ﻥﺯﻭ )
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ (
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ
ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺭﺍﺩ )
ﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻝ ١ ( ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ
ﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ١ .(
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ٢٨
ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺗ
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
1..Banding placement
2. High performance liquid chromatography
۳۰ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﯽﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ٦
/ ٢٢ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﺍﺩ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭ
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢ .(
ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺕﺮﮐﺍ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﻂﺳﺍﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ
(Olsen & Machamon, 1993) Wiatrak et al. .
(2004)
ﻧ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺰ ﺧﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻴ
ﺯ ﺮ ﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﺍﻳ ﺘﻧ ﻦ ﻴ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺠ ﻳ
Bruns & ﺶ
Abbas (2006)
ﻧ ﻴ ﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﺰ
Saberi et al. .
(2006)
ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ٧٥٠٠٠
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻳ
ﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶ ﻲ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﺭﺩ ﹰﺍﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺗ ٢
/ ١٣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﺩﺮﮐ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻓﺍﺭﺬﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ
(Bazeafshan & Fathi, 2004)
. ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﹰﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻴﺷﺭﻮﺧ ﺕﺎﻌﺸﺸﺗ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﻱﺮﻴﻤﺧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ،ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ .
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
S.O.V) ( ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺩ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺯﻭ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺏﻮﭼ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻗ
ﮎﻮﻠﺑ R) ( ٣
٨ / ١٨٣٨٩٢ ١٩ / ١ ١٣ / ٠ ٥٨ / ١ ٨٥ / ٤ ٢ / ٧٦٣٤٧ ٤٣ / ٠ ٥٠ / ١ ١٤ / ٣٦ **
٠٢ / ١ ٠٨٧ / ٠ ١١١ / ٠
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ S)
( ٣ ٥ / ٧٢٣٠٠٤ * ٤٧
/ ١٤ **
٠٤ / ٨ **
٣١ /
٨ *
٨٨ / ٦٩ * ١
/ ١٠٩٥٥٩٢ **
٥٢ /
٨ *
٤٩ / ١١٣ **
٠٨ / ٧٢ **
٥٨ / ١٣ **
٧٤٢**
/
** ٢٨ ١٥٢ / ١٤
ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ) a (R.S ٩ ٥ / ٣٨٤٧٤٤ ٦٢
/ ١ ٣٥ / ٠ ٨١ / ١ ٤٥ / ١٠ ٤ / ١١٠٢٧٣ ١٨
/ ٢ ٦٧ / ٣ ٥٢ / ٦ ٠٨ / ١ ٢٢٩ / ٠ ١٢٢ / ٠
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ D)
( ٣ ٢ / ٢٧٠٥٤٩٦ **
٣٨ / ٢٢ **
٩٦ / ٥ **
٠٩ / ١ ٢٠ / ٤٣ **
٢ / ٢٨٧٢١٨ **
٧٩ / ٨ **
١١ / ٤ ٨٨ / ٤ ٦٩ /
** ١ ٤٠٩ /
** ٤ ٠٨٢ / ٢
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ S.D) ( ٩ ١ / ٥٥٥٦٨ ٦٠
/ ٠ ٣٩ / ١ ٦٧ / ٠ ٢٢ / ٨ ٨ / ٢٠٧٢٩ ٥٦
/ ١ ٤٨ / ٣ ٤١ / ٧ ٣٣ /
** ١ ٦١٦ /
** ٠ ٤٢٥ / ٠
ﺎﻄﺧ eror) ( ٣٦ ٨ / ١٤٢٢٦٠ ٣٥
/ ١٧٥ ٢٨ / ٠ ٧٢ / ٠ ١٣ / ٧ ٧ / ٣٢٣٤٣ ٤٨
/ ١ ٥٦ / ٣ ٤٢ / ٣ ٦٦ / ٠ ١٠١ / ٠ ٠٥٧ / ٠
C.V
‐ ٧ / ١٤ ١٧ / ١٤ ١٥ / ١٥ ١١ / ٥ ٢٦ / ٧ ٢٣ / ١١ ٣٧ / ٦ ٤٣ / ٨ ٣٩ / ٤ ٠٩ / ٨ ٩١ / ٥ ٠٧ / ٦
ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻋ ﻭ **
ﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ * ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺐ ١
ﻭ ٥ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
d d
bcd cd bcd
cd
abc bcd
abc ab
bcd
a a a
abc
a
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
دادﺮﺧ لوا دادﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺗ ﻢﻫد ﺮﻴﺗ ما ﻲﺳ
( ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردمﺮﮔ) لﻼﺑنزو
D1:45000 D2:55000 D3:65000 D4:75000
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ ‐١ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﯼﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯼﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ۳۱
b b
a a
a b
bc c
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
دادﺮﺧ لوا دادﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺗ ﻢﻫد ﺮﻴﺗ ما ﻲﺳ
ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردلﻼﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ
ﻲﻠﺻا لﻼﺑ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ لﻼﺑ
ﻞﮑﺷ ٢
‐ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺠﻨﭘ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺯ
ﺵﻮﺟﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﮏﻴﮑﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺵﻮﺟﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭ .
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ
. ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﺗﺮﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ) ﻞﮑﺷ ٢ .(
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﺕﺭﺫ ﻲﺸﻳﻭ
ﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺵﻮﺟﺎﭘ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺮﺗ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧ
ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ
ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﺴﭘ ,
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭﺩ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﺤﺟﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﻭ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ٢ .(
ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮑﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ١ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﹰﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ .
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
٤٥ ﻭ ٧٥ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ٦
ﻭ ٧ / ٨ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻝﻼﺑ
ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﻕﺪﺻ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﮐ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ٣ .(
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ
ﺮﻄﻗ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻲﻟﻭ
ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺕ .
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
Nour Mohammadi, (2002) & Mohseni & Habibi (2003)
ﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻣﺁ
. ﻲﻟﻭ
Mazaheri et al.
(2002)
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
.
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ
، ﺍﺭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ٧
/ ١٠
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺗﺮﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ )
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢ .(
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻣﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺗﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺯ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓﺍ
ﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ ﻲ
ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ .
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
٢٩ / ١٧ (
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺭﻮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ
) ٩ / ٤٣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ( ﻭ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ
۳۲ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﯽﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ .
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ٥
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ١
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻱﺎﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﻳﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ )
ﻲﺳ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺗ ﻡﺍ ( ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ٣٩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ
ﺖﺸﮐ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺪﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻝﻭﺍ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ .
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ .
ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
.
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ٢
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺗ ﻡﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﻃ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺎﺑ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﮐﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ .
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
.
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﻲﻳ
، ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
ﺭﻮﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ،ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﻘﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ .
ﻳﺯ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺩﺎ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺎﻫ
(Mohseni & Habibi, 2003)
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ
Babu & Mitra (1989), ﻱﺎﻫ
Bazrafshan & Fathi (2004) & Mazaheri et al (2002)
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
Hasanzadeh Moqaddam .
(1996)
ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺍﺭ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺩﺮﮐ ﻩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﮐﺎﮐ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻥﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺮﻧﺁ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻭ
ﻞﮐﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮔ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻫﺩ
ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ .
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻗ ،ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﻭ ﺯﻮﺘﮐﻭﺮﻓ .
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ ( . ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮑﻧﺎﻨﭼ ٢
ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ .
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ )
ﺪﻨﻗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ (
ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻭ )
ﺪﻨﻗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ (
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ﺍﺭ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ .
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺗﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻊﺸﺸﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ
) ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ (
ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ
ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ٤ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻭ ٢
.(
ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺮﺗﺮﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻣﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻴﺷﺭﻮﺧ ﻊﺸﺸﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺮﮑﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ
ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
. ﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤ
ﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻴ
ﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺶﻫ
.
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺯﺍ ٥٥ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ٧٥
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ -
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ٥ .(
ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺪﻨﻗ ﻭ ﻞﮐ
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ١٩
/ ٧ ﻭ ٢٢ / ٥ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻳ
ﺑ ﺦ ﻴ ﺗ ﻢﺘﺴ ﻴ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮ ٥٥
ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻞﮐ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ٣٢ / ٣ ﻭ ٤٩ / ٢ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺭﺎﺗ ﻳ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺦ ٧٥
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻲﻣ
ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮐﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ )
ﻭﺮﺴﻨﮐ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ (
ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ٧٥
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ )
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ
٥ / ٣٢ ﺭﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺗ (
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺭﺫ ﻝﻼ
ﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ .
ﺯﺍ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻝﻼﺑ ﻲﻔﻴﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ٧٥
ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ .
ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ )
٩٦ / ٦
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ )
٩٧ / ٤ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ .
ﯼﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ :
ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯼﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ۳۳
a a b
c
a b
c b
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D1:45000 D2:55000 D3:65000 D4:75000
ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردلﻼﺑداﺪﻌﺗ
ﻲﻠﺻا لﻼﺑ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ لﻼﺑ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺕﺭﺫ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻼﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ‐٣ ﻞﮑﺷ
b b
a
c c
b
d
a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
دادﺮﺧ لوا دادﺮﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺗ ﻢهد ﺮﻴﺗ ما ﯽﺳ
ﺪﺻرد
ﻞﻛ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻرد زرﺎﻛﺎﺳ ﺪﺻرد
ﺷ ﻞﮑ ٤
‐ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
d c
a b
d c
b
a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D1:45000 D2:55000 D3:65000 D4:75000
ﺪﺻرد
ﻞﻛ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﺻرد زرﺎﻛﺎﺳ ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺭﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﮐ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ‐٥ ﻞﮑﺷ
