ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻮ

(1)

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ :

ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﮑﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ...

۱۵۱

ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

ﺩ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۱۶۰ ‐ ۱۵۱ (

ﮑﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ

ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ )

Festuca arundinacea (

ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ ﻼﻴﻬﺳ

ﻢﻳﺮﻛ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ،۱ ۲ﻩﺩﺍﺯ

ﻭ ﻠﻋ ﻲ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻑﺮﺷﺍ

۳ﻱ

۱

، ۲ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ

ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ

ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ۳

، ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۱۸ / ۲ / ۸۶

‐ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۸ / ۳ / ۸۷ (

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ ) Festuca arundinacea (

ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﮔ ﻣﺪﻨ ﻲ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻝﺪﺘﻌﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺁ

. ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ٢٤ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻥﮊ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

ﺰﮐﺮﻣ

ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻘ ﺭﺩ

ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ٣

ﺩ ، ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺭ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺝﺮﻛ ﺯﺮﺒﻟﺍ .

ﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌ ١٥ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﻔﺻ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ

،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ

،ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ،ﻪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﻮﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

،ﻲﻫﺩ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ،

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻥﺯﻭ ،ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ

،ﻲﻧﺯ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺭﺬﺑ ﻪﻴﻨﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ، .

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ .

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳ ﺆ ﻪﻔﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ

ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ

ﺍ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .

ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺗ ﺠ ﺰ ﻳ ﺭﺍﻭ ﻪ ﻳ ﺲﻧﺎ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ

ﺎﻫ

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻔﺻ ﺎ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺩﻮﺑ . ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺎﻫ G1 ﻱ G2 ، G4 ، G6 ، G8 ﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ

ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ

ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺑ .

ﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺰﺠ

ﺆ ﻪﻔﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﺆ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛ .

ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻣ ﺆ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻔﻟ ٧ / ٨٧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻞﻛ ﺯﺍ

ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ .

ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻭ

ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ،ﻚﺸﺧ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ

، ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ

ﺆ ﻪﻔﻟ

ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﻮﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺯ

. ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺍ ﻱ

، ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ

٤ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ

: ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩ ﻭﺮﮔ

ﺎﻫ ﻱ ١ ﻭ ٢ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ

ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻨ ﺪ .

ﮊﺍﻭ ﻩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ ﻨﭼ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ : ﻩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪ

،ﻚﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ، ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ

(Festuca arundinacea L.)

،

ﺱﺍﺮﮔ

.

ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :

ﺮﮐ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ﻳ ﻢ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ

: ۳۹۰۵۴۷۳

‐ ۰۹۱۲ E-mail: [email protected]

(2)

۱۵۲ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ، ۱۳۸۸

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﺲﻨﺟ ﺎﮐﻮﺘﺴﻓ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ١

ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ

ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺶﺨﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﻛ ﻭ ﻝﺪﺘﻌﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ .

ﺐﻠﻏﺍ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺪﻴﺋﻮﻠﭘ

ﺯﺍ ﺪﻴﺋﻮﻠﭙﻳﺩ ) x=١٤ n=٢ ٢ ( ﻮﻠﭘﺎﻛﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺋ

ﺪﻴ ) x=٧٠ n=١٠ ٢ (

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺎﻫ

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ

ﺖﺳﺍ F. arundinacea ﻲﻣ

ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ Gaute et al., 2000) (

. ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻛ

(Roufmian et al., 2002) .

ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ (F. arundinacea)

ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺍ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ

ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻝﺪﺘﻌﻣ Malay et al., 2004)

(.

ﺭﺩ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ٩ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﮐﻮﺘﺴﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﺎﻬﻧﺁ F. arundinacea ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ

ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻮﻴﻜﺴﻓ ﺖﺳﺍ ٢

Ghahraman, 1994) .(

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﺪﻴﺋﻮﻠﭘﺍﺰﮕﻫ

) ٤٢ x= ٦ n= ٢ ( ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ F. elatior

ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ Hubbard, 1980)

( ﻭ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻱﺍ

ﺖﺳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ

، ﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪ

ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ

ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺍ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ

. ﺖﺸﻛ ﺖﻌﺳﻭ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻥﺁ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ

، ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺏﻮﺧ

، ﺍﺮﭼ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻞﺼﻓ

، ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺏﻮﺧ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ

،

ﺭﺬﺑ ﺏﻮﺧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ (Hannaway et

al., 1999) .

ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻟ

ﻮ ﻓ ﻪ ﻚﺸﺧ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺷ

ﺩﻮ ﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪ

ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﻱﺮﺒﻴﻓ

، ﻜﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻴﺨﺿ ﻢ

، ﻖﻴﻤﻋ

ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺵﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺍ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻦﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ

، ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻙﺎﺧ

ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺮﻓ (Hafenrichter et al., ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

1968) . ﻡﺭﮊ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﻢﺳﻼﭘ

F. arundinacea ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ

ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻳ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﻫﺩ

(Veroesi

& Falcinelli, 1983) .

ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

1. Festuca

2. Tall Fescue ﺭﺩ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ

٢٩ ﻍﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻗﺭ ﺎﺑ ٣

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻡﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺑ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪ

،ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻳ

ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺞ

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ Abdul-Baki & Anderson, 1973) .(

ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻬﻳﺪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻨﻤﺷﺯﺭﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺩﻭﺭ

. ﺭﺩ ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺎﻫ

ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ،

ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ -

ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﻲﻓﺮﻌ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ

ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﭘ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ

ﻲﻫﺩﺭﺬﺑ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﺯﺍ

ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﺢﻄﺳ

ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻲﻌﻴﺳﻭ .

ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ

ﻲﻜﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ

ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ

(Nguyen & Sleper, 1983; Elgersma, 1990) .

ﻩﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﺎﻫ

ﺭﺩ ﺲﻳﺯﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ،

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺑﺎﻳ

(Pater & Martinelli, ﺪ

1989; Humphreys, 1991) .

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺮﺑ

ﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ،ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻲﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ

ﻣ ﺆ ﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛ ﻪ

ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻃ

ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .

ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﺱﺍﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﺮﻓ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺁ

ﻩﺩﺭﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺘﻣ ،ﻲﻣﺍﺩ ﺄ

ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳ

ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﻛﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ

ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ

ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﮊ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻌﻴ

ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .

ﺍ ﺪﻫ ﺍ ﻢﺳﻼﭘ ﻡﺭﮊ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑ ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ

ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ

ﻱﺍ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ

ﻱﺭﺬﺑ ﻭ ﻭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

3. Dactylis glomerata

(3)

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻓﺍ :

ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﮑﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ...

۱۵۳

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻲﻜﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ .

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﺳﻼﭘ ﻡﺭﮊ ٤

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ٢٠

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ

(F. arundinacea) ﻥﮊ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ

ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ

ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ١

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻧﺍ

.

ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ

ﺭﺩ ﻣﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﻩﺎ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ

٣

‐ ٢

ﺎﺑ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻢﻳﺪﺳ

ﺮﻠﻛﻮﭙﻴﻫ ﺍﻳ ﺖ ٥ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ٣

ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ

ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ١٠ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ١٢ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ٨

‐ ٧ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻴﺳﺭ

ﻪﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻪﺑ

ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺪﺷ

ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ

ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ٣

ﺖﺸﻛ ﺝﺮﻛ ﺯﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ١٢

ﺩﻮﺑ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻩ

، ﺎﻣﺍ

ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ٦ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ .

ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ

ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺎﻫ

٥٠ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ

٥٠

ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ

ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﻛ

ﺖﺒﻇﺍﻮﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺯﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ

. ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ

ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ٥٠

ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ

ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﻮﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ (N)

١٠٠ ﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ

ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ P2O5

ﺑ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻪ ﻳﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻓ ﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺩﻮﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﭙ

ﻞ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ .

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

٥٠

ﺑ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻪ

ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﻮﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﺮﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ٧

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺎﺒﻜﻳ ﺯﻭﺭ .

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :

١ . ﻝﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻫﺩ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ

ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ٣

ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ .

٢ . ،ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ

ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﻇ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ

ﻱﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻙﺎﺴﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﻫﺎ ١٠

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ .

٣ . ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ )

ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ( : ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ

ﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻪ

.

٤ . ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ .

٥ . ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻝﻮﻃ ١٠

ﺭﺩ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ

ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ )

ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (.

٦ . ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ

١٠٠٠ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ

ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ .

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

۱

‐ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ )

ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ ،ﺪﮐ ﻩ

( ۲۴ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻣﺪﻨﮔ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻛ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻧ

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻛ

F.A.O. 1346 ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

G13 IRE 5,11,3

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G1

Netherland 1610 ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

G14 IRE FESTORINA

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G2

Australia 1414 ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

G15 IRE LUBRETTE

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G3

Alborz 1467 ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ

G16 IRE DOVEY

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G4

Israel 1081 ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

G17 IRE AB1

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G5

Holland 1768 ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

G18 IRE A 2210

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G6

Belgium 1061

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G19

Sirachal 310 ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ

G7

G20 Seed-Ins VII

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G8

Australia 1417 ﺎﺧ

ﻲﺟﺭ G21

Gorgan1 602 ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ

G9

G22 Seed-Ins VIII

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G10

California 0.078 ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

G23 Sanandaj 627

ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ G11

U.S.A. 1152 ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ

G24 U.S.A. 1269

ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ G12

(4)

۱۵۴ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۳ ، ۱۳۸۸

٧ . ﻪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﻮﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ =

S

∑TiNi

, ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ Ti )

ﺯﻭﺭ (

ﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﺖﺷ

ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ Ni

ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ )

ﺯﻭﺭ S ( ﺭﺬﺑ ﻞﻛ ﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺪ

(Scott et al., 1984) .

٨ . ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻲﻧﺯ

∑

=

=1

i Di

. ni

ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ni ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ،ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗDi ﺲ

ﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺶ

Agrawal, 1992) .(

٩ . ﺭﺬﺑ ﻪﻴﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ =

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ×

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻲﻧﺯ 100 × (Abdul-Baki & Anderson, 1

1973) .

١٠ . ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺩﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ

،ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺘﻣﺍ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻴ

ﺯﺎ ٥

‐ ١

، ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ١ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻭ ٥ ﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺗ

.

١١ . ﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﻚﺸﺧ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻥﻭﺁ ٩٠ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺱﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

١٢ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻣ

ﺪ .

١٢ . ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻫ

ﻭ

ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺰﻴﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻴﺑﻮﻛ ،ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺐﺴﺣ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ

ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ .

١٣ . ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ

ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ، ١٠

ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ

ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ .

١٤ . ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻞﻛ .

١٥ . ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺷﻮﺧ

ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻪ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ .

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

،ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﻮﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬ

ﺩﺍﺭ ﻳ ﻟﺎﮑ ﻲ

، ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،

ﻲﻧﺯ ﻭ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ

ﺪﺒﺗ ﻳ ﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﻞ ﻳ ﻤﺘ ﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ

ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ) ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻛ (

ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ

ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ

ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ

(Steel & Torrie, 1980) .

ﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻴ

ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ

،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ

ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ٥

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ

MSTATC ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ

Montgomery, 2002) (.

ﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .

ﻡﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ

ﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ 14ﺭﺍﺰ

Minitab ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ Fry, 1993)

.( ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ

ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ

ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ٥ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

، ﺭﺩ

ﺠﺗ ﺰ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳ ﺆ ﻪﻔﻟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻳ

ﺍﺮﺿ ﺲ ﻳ ﺐ

ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺍ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ١٥ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻔﺻ

٢٤ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ 14 Minitab SPSS 14 ﻭ

ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻡﺍﺮﮔﺎﻳﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻭﺩ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺰﻴﻧ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

(Jackson, 1991; Casler, 1995; Srivastava, 2002) .

ﻩﺩﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ

ﻭ ١

ﻡﺎﻏﺩﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ

ﺎﻫ ﻻﺎﺑ ﮏﻴﺘﻨﻓﻮﮐ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ

ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ٢

. ﺍ ﺯ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺲﻴﺴﻴﺘﻧﺍ ٣

Rohlf, 1994) (

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﺿ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻳ

ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐ ﻲ

ﺘﻨﻓﻮﮐ ﻴ ﮏ ﺳﺍ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘ .

ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺎﻫ

ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ

١ / ٠ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ

ﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ Veroesi & Falcinelli.

(1983) ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻚﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

٢٩ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

٤

ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ،ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ

ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺩ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺎﻛﻮﺘﺴﻓ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ

ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ

. ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴ ﺎﻫ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢ ( ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ

ﺎﻫ ﻱ

،G4

،G6

،G7 ﻭG8 ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ G9 ﺮﻳﺎﺳ

ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ

1. Euclidean Distance

2.Ward method 3. NTSYS 2/02e 4. Accesion