شور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
هدرز ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ
لﺎﮔﺪﺟ ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ﯽﯾﻼﮑﯿﻏود هداﺰﯿﻠﻋ ﻢﯿﻫاﺮﺑا ،
12
، ﺎﺘﯿﺑ جاﺮﺳ
3
1 - ،ﯽﺗﻼﯿﺷ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يروآﺮﻓ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد
ﻞﺑاز هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
2 - ﯿﺸﻧاد رﺎ هوﺮﮔ ﺷ
،تﻼﯿ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻞﺑاز
3 - دﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯾ هوﺮﮔ
،تﻼﯿﺷ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﯾﺎﯾرد مﻮﻠﻋ
، هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رﺎﻬﺑﺎﭼ ﯽﯾﺎﯾرد مﻮﻠﻋ و يدرﻮﻧﺎﯾرد
) ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :
16 / 09 / 96 شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :
20 / 02 / 97 (
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
شور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
) ﺨﯾ ،اﻮﻫ ،بآ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ و لﺎﭽ
( هدرز ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يور )
Euthynnus affinis (
ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﯾدﺮﮔ ﺪ . هدرز هزﺎﺗ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻞﻧﻮﺗ رد يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ زا ﺲﭘ
) 36 - داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (
يﺎﻣد رد و ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ 18
- يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ هﺎﻣ ود تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﻓ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ
، ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
، ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ
. راﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ pH
راد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ )
05 / 0 p<
( ﺖﺷاد . ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﺗ ﺐﯿ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد )
32 /0 94± /1 ( و ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
) 03 /0 12± /1 ( هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾدﺮﮔ ﺪ.
ﺘﯿﺑرﺎﺑﻮﯿﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﺪﯿﺳا ﮏﯾرﻮ
رد بآ ) 10 /0 56± /1 ( و ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ) 03 /0 44± /1 ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ راﺮﻓ ﯽﻧژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ يﺎﻫزﺎﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ )
40 /1 20± / 25 ( بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و )
82 /5 77± / 76 ( ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ
.
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻘﻣ دزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ راﺪ ﯽﯾا
و ﺖﺨﭘ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد يﺎﻫ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رد
اﻮﻫ ) 26 /0 71± /1 ( ﺪﻫﺎﺷ و ) 06 /0 44± / 11 ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ و ﺖﺳودﺎﻣﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ اﻮﻫ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا توﺎﻔﺗ
يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ )
05 /0
>
(p ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ . رد اﻮﻫ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﻧا يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠ
. ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ هدرز ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ اﻮﻫ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ددﺮﮔ
.
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ نﺎﮔژاو بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ،ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ،ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ ،ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ،هدرز:
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
:
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
شور زا ﯽﮑﯾ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﯾرد يﺎﻫاﺬﻏ
ﯽﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻠﺧاد نﻮﯿﺳارﺪﯿﻫد زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺎﺑ
،بآ ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ]
1 [ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺪﺷر زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ و ]
2 [ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ددﺮﮔ
] 1[
. ﻦﮑﻤﻣ لﺎﺣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ
و دﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﺳا دﺎﻤﺠﻧا
ﺖﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾادز
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ،ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ هاﺮﻤﻫ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﻢﻌﻃ و ﮓﻧر ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﻪﻠﻀﻋ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 3 و 4[
. ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺴﺣ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ يور ﺮﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
] 5 و 6 [ . ﺖﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ هدﺎﻣآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يدﺎﯾز يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
يزﺎﺳ
هﻮﯿﺷ و ﺎﻣد تﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ ،دﺎﻤﺠﻧا شور ،دﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ]
1 و 7 [ . ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾرد تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ
زا ﺶﯿﭘ يروآﺮﻓ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ
راﺮﻗ تراﺮﺣ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﺎﯾ و
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ
، ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ اﺬﻟ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا
زا
دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺖﺳا ] 8 [.
يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻪﮐ
ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
شﻼﺗ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻦﺘﻓر رﺪﻫ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز رد هﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ
بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ددﺮﮔ
. ﻊﻗاو رد ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
زا ﺮﺗﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ و هدﻮﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ يﺎﻫاﺬﻏ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﮔ
ددﺮ ] 3 [ . ﯽﻃ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ و ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ،ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ رد
ددﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا ]
4 .[
اﺬﻟ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾﺎﺑ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ و ﯽﻤﯾﺰﻧآ رد
دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ .
يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﮏﯾ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا
ﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽ ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ يﺎﻣد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﮐ اﺮﭼ ،ﺪﯾآ ﯽﻣ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﻣد فﻼﺘﺧا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ،ﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ) ﯽﯾادز دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﮐﺮﺤﻣ يوﺮﯿﻧ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ (
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ
] 3 .[
ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽﯾ اﺮﺑ ي ﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﯿﺮ ي ﻣ ﺪﺷر زا ﯿ ﺑوﺮﮑ ﯽ
و ﻆﻔﺣ و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺴﺣ ﯽ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾ ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺪ ﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻦ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
ﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﯿ
دﺮ . ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﯾ ﺪ مﺮﮔ زا نﺪﺷ ﺑ ﯿ ﺶ
ﺪﺣ زا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ
بآ نداد ﺖﺳد زا ﯽﻣ
دﻮﺷ
ددﺮﮔ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ]
4 [.
ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
شور ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ بآ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽﻫﺎﻣ رﺎﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ
) ،لﺎﭽﺨﯾ
ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ و اﻮﻫ (
ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﮓﻧر ﺺﺧﺎﺷ )
a* ( ، رﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ يﺎﻫ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ
] 1 .[
يﺎﻫ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
گﺎﻓﻮﺘﯿﻓ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﯿﻓ ﻃ
ﯽ شور
رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ بآ
شور ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يور ار ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻠﯿﻓ
ﺎﻓﻮﺘﯿﻓ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ گ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاد
ﻣ رد ﯿ وﺮﮑ جﻮﻣ زا ﺲﭘ بآ نداد ﺖﺳد زا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ
و ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ] 9 .[
ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ يﻮﮕﯿﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . شور ود ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻪﮑﯾرﻮﻄﺑ
ﺮﮕﯾد ) بآ و ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ (
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رد ﯽﮐﺪﻧا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷاد ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ يﻮﮕﯿﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ]
10 .[
شور ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يور ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا )
درﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻦ
، ﺳ ﯿ ﻢ
ﻮﭽﻧآ و ي ( ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ بآ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا شور ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﺮﺑ و ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻢﯿﺳ و ﻦﯾدرﺎﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا يﺮﺗ
ﺮﮕﯾد شور ود ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺴﺣ )
وﻮﯾوﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ و لﺎﭽﺨﯾ (
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ
] 11 .[
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا هﺮﮕﯿﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﯿﻓ
) Argyrosomus
regius ( ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ
راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺗزا يﺎﻫزﺎﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ رﺎﺑ
لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رد راﺮﻓ شور ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد
ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ )
،بآ
ﯾﺎﻣ و ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻣد رد اﻮﻫ وﻮﯾوﺮﮑ
( هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ] 12 .[
ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ دﻮﺟو ﯽﮐﺪﻧا
درﻮﻣ رد ﺗﺛﺎ
ﯿ شور ﺮ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻮ
ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﺴﺣ و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ
ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا . اﺬﻟ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﻦﺗ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا
صﻮﺼﺨﻟا ﯽﻠﻋ هدرز ﯽﻫﺎﻣ
) Euthynnus affinis (
ﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑ ﺪﯿﺻ
رد ناواﺮﻓ و نﺎﻤﻋ يﺎﯾرد و سرﺎﻓ ﺞﯿﻠﺧ ﻞﺣاﻮﺳ ﺎﺟ
ﯾ هﺎﮕ هﮋﯾو ﻦﯾا
ﻫﺎﻣ ﯽ ﻨﺻ رد ﯽﺗﻼﯿﺷ ﻊﯾﺎ يروآ زرا ﺮﻃﺎﺨﺑ
و يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻟﻮﺼﻓ رد ﯽ
ﻏﯿ ﺮ ﻞﺼﻓ زا ﺪﯿﺻ
، تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ
نآ ﯽﻃ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا و دﺎﻤﺠﻧا روﺮﺿ
ي ﺮﻈﻨﺑ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر . ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ا فﺪﻫ ﯾ ﻦ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور
ﺎﻫ ي ادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﯾ
ﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯿﻔ ﯿ ﺖ ﻫﺎﻣ ﯽ
هدرز ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﻃ يﺎﻣد رد يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ 18
- ﯽﻣ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد -
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ و ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
40 هدرز ﯽﻫﺎﻣ دﺪﻋ )
Euthynnus affinis (
نزو ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ
) 03 / 0 95± /1 مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ ( لﻮﻃ و ) 04 /0 8/± 58 ﺮﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ (
زا
ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﻊﻗاو رﺎﻬﺑﺎﭼ سﻮﻧﺎﻓ يزﺎﺳوﺮﺴﻨﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ كرﺎﻨﮐ نﺎﺘﺳ
هﺎﻣ ﺮﻬﻣ رد نﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ و نﺎﺘﺴﯿﺳ نﺎﺘﺳا 1395
ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ . هزﺎﺗ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ
) 12 ﺪﯿﺻ زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ (
وﺎﺣ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﻧﻮﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺦﯾ ردﻮﭘ ي
ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ
ﻦﯿﻣا يروآﺮﻓ ﺪﻧﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ كرﺎﻨﮐ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ كﺮﻬﺷ رد ﻊﻗاو
.
دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻞﻧﻮﺗ رد و يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ )
36 - ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
داﺮﮔ ( و ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 2 ﻪﻧﺎﺧدﺮﺳ رد هﺎﻣ )
18 - ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
داﺮﮔ ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ .
بآ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ )
20 +
داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (
اﻮﻫ ، ) 15 + داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (
لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ، ) 4 +
داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (
ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ و )
400 و ﺶﯿﻓ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ تاو
ﺖﺳاﺮﻔﯾد ( و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﻓ و مﺎﺠﻧا
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺴﺣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا .
2 - 2 - دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و
ﯽﻫﺎﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد يوزاﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺴﺑ زا ﺲﭘ و نزو ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ
يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘ
صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ روﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ
، يراﺬﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ و
دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻞﻧﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ )
ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ) لﻮﻃ 70 / 3 ضﺮﻋ ، 30 /4 عﺎﻔﺗرا و 4
ﺮﺘﻣ ( كرﺎﻣ
SABROE كرﺎﻤﻧاد رﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
) AARHUS
DENMARK 2002 (
ﭗﯿﺗ OHJ 4123 D (
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ .
يﺎﻣد رد دﺎﻤﺠﻧا 36
- تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد 12
ﻪﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺪﯿﻣﺎﺠﻧا لﻮﻃ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺧدﺮﺳ رد ﺎﻫ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ )
18 - ﻪﺟرد
داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ (
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ هﺎﻣ ود تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ .
2 - 3 - ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا
ياﺮﺑ بآ رد ﯽﯾادز دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺎﻫ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ
بآ مﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﺧاد رد )
20 +
داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (
ﻪﻃﻮﻏ رو و تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ 3
ﺪﯿﻣﺎﺠﻧا لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ و ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎﻣد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﮏﯾ لﺪﻣ ﻞﭘﻮﮐﻮﻣﺮﺗ )
TFA, Germany in PRC (
، هزاﺪﻧا
ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ . نﺎﻣز يﺎﻣد نﺪﯿﺳر ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﻪﺑ 4 +
نﺎﯾﺎﭘ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺖﻓﺎﯾ
. ﮐ زا ﺲﭘ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ يﺎﻣد لﺮﺘﻨ )
4 +
داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (
ﺑ ﻞﭘﻮﮐﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪ
، ﯽﻨﯿﺳ رد نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ
صﻮﺼﺨﻣ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﻞﺧاد ﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
يﺎﻣد نﺪﯿﺳر زا ﺲﭘ و ﻪ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ 3 + نﺎﻣز و ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد
24 ﺪﯿﻣﺎﺠﻧا لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ .
هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ
تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﺎﻣ ﻞﭘﻮﮐﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻫ لﺪﻣ
) TFA, Germany
in PRC ( مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رد
اﻮﻫ ) 15 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
داﺮﮔ ( ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ندادراﺮﻗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﺳ ﻞﺧاد رد ﺎﻫ
ﻞﯿﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا قﺎﺗا رد
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا 8
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ يﺎﻣد نﺪﯿﺳر ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ 4
+ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد مﺎﺠﻧا
دﺮﮔ ﺪﯾ . زدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رد ﯽﯾاد
وﻮﯾﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ) ﯽﺟ لا لﺪﻣ MS5642XM هﺮﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
( ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ
400 تاو بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳاﺮﻔﯾد و ﺶﯿﻓ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ
5 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
2 - 4 - ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﻓ
ياﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا
، pH ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ 45
ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺰﻤﻫ ﮏﯾ رد 30
طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺪﺷ
] 13 [ . ﺳ ﺲﭙ
ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ﺮﺘﻣ pH )
ﻦﯾﻮﻧ ﺐﺗ دار ،
(Rph رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ pH
4 و 7 ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ pH ﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ . ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ
ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮﺗ )
Trimethylamine زا (
شور دراو نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
] 14 [ ، ﺪﯿﺳا ﮏﯾرﻮﺘﯿﺑرﺎﺑﻮﯿﺗ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ )
Thiobarbituric
(acid ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﮓﻧر شور ﻪﺑ ]
15 [ و راﺪﻘﻣ يﺎﻫزﺎﺑ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ
راﺮﻓ ﯽﻧژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ )
Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ
شور نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ ] 16 [ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
2 - 5 - يﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﻓ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
اﺪﺘﺑا 10 ار ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﮔ رد
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ و ﻪﺘﺨﯾر
ﺲﭙﺳ رد ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ
10000 يﺎﻣد و رود 20
+ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮔ 15
ﻪﻘﯿﻗد راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ] 17 [ . يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺪﺻرد
) بآ Water Holding Capacity ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو توﺎﻔﺗ زا (
ﺲﭙﺳ جوﺮﺧ زا ﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ بآ
دﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ زا ﺲﭘ ﯾ
ﺪ.
راﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺸﮔ ﺦﯾ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ )
Thawing loss (
شور زا
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و هداﺰﯿﻠﻋ ]
3[
و ﺖﺨﭘ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﯿﭽﺑآ )
Cooking
(loss شور ﻖﺒﻃ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﻮﻧﺎﭙﻣﺎﮐ
] 18 [ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا .
2 - 6 - ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﻓ
10 ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﮔ 90
يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ مﺮﺳ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ )
85NaCl / 0 (%
ﮏﯾ رد ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ و ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﭼ نوﺎﻫ .
1/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ
ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور ﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺮﺘﯿﻟ رﺎﮔآ ﺎﯾﻮﺳ ﮏﯿﺘﭙﯾﺮﺗ
) Tryptic Soy Agar (
ﺑ ﺪﺷ ﺶﺨﭘ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ رﻮﻃ ﻪ .
رد
داﺪﻌﺗ ندﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
ي يزﺎﺳ ﻖﯿﻗر ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ﮏﯾ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻗر ﺎﺗ
6
10 -
مﺎﺠﻧا يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ مﺮﺳ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﺪﺷ
. ﺖﯿﻠﭘ
ﻞﮐ شرﺎﻤﺷ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
ي ﺎﻫ ) Total
viable counts (
زا ﺪﻌﺑ 48 يﺎﻣد رد يراﺬﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻣﺮﮔ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
35 ﻠﭘ و سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺖﯿ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﻣﺮﺳ
ﺖﺳود ) Psychrophilic total counts (
زا ﺪﻌﺑ 10 زور
يﺎﻣد رد يراﺬﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻣﺮﮔ 4
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ شرﺎﻤﺷ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ]
19 [.
2 - 7 - ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻫﺎﻣ
هدرز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
يﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ) ﺮﻫﺎﻇ / ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و ﻮﺑ ،سﻮﮐﻮﻣ ،ﮓﻧر (
ﺎﻫ ﻢﺸﭼ ،
) ﭼ ﮏﻣدﺮﻣ ﻢﺸ و ﻢﺸﭼ مﺮﻓ (
ﺶﺸﺑآ ، ) ﺮﻫﺎﻇ / ﻮﺑ و سﻮﮐﻮﻣ ،ﮓﻧر (
ﻢﮑﺷ و ) ﻮﺑ و ﻢﮑﺷ رد نﻮﺧ (
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ]
20 [ . زا ﺲﭘ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ
راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻨﯿﺳ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
5 ﻪﻤﯿﻧ بﺎﯾزرا ﺮﻔﻧ
هﺪﯾد شزﻮﻣآ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا مارآ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻧ .
2 - 8 - يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ
اﺪﺘﺑا هداد ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺎﻫ
آ ﺎﺑ فاﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟﻮﮐ نﻮﻣز -
فﻮﻧﺮﯿﻤﺳا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ . هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ زا
ﻪﻓﺮﻄﮑﯾ ) One- way ANOVA (
و ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ زا ﺎﻫ
ﻦﮑﻧاد نﻮﻣزآ )
Duncan test (
ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ راد 5
% هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ Spss
21 ياﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﮔ ﺪﯾد .
3 - ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ و
ﻪﺑ دﺎﺴﻓ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ pH بﺎﺴﺣ ﺪﯾآ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا ﺖﻠﻋ و ﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
ﺮﯿ ﻦﯾا ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺴﺣ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ] 1 .[
راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ pH
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ
دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﯾادز
وﺎﻔﺗ ت ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يراد ) 05 / 0 p<
( ﺖﺷاد .
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ
ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ pH رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد
يﺎﻫ
بآ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا )
34 / 6 ( لﺎﭽﺨﯾ و ) 89 /5 ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) لوﺪﺟ 1 (.
ﺎﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
راﺪﻘﻣ رد pH
هﺮﮕﯿﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﯿﻓ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رد
بآ 65 / 7 ] 12 [ و ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ رد نآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﯽ 83
/ 5 ﯽﻫﺎﻣرﺎﻣ رد ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
] 1[
.
ﺪﯾﺎﺴﮐا ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮﺗ )
ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﺋﺪﻟﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﮐ -
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ( ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻠﻀﻋ رد و هدﻮﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ نﺪﺑ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ
ﯽﯾﺎﯾرد نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺰﻤﺳا هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ دﻮﺷ . ﺮﺛا رد ﺪﯿﺋﺪﻟﺎﻣﺮﻓ و ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يد ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﺴﮐا ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮﺗ ﯽﻤﯾﺰﻧآ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﯽﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ
] 11 [ . ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮﺗ )
(TMA ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﯽﻫﺎﻣ دﺎﺴﻓ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ دور رﺎﮑﺑ
. راﺪﻘﻣ TMA
لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ توﺎﻔﺗ
يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ
) 05 / 0 p<
( ﺖﺷاد . و ﯽﻟ ﯿﺑ و بآ ،اﻮﻫ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻦ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮕﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ وﻮﯾوﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﮐ
ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻌﯾﺮﺳ هدﻮﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺣ و ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا نﺎﻣز
ﺖﺳا ] 11 [.
ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد TMA
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رد
لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ) 32 /0 94± / 1 ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
لوﺪﺟ
1 ( . ﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭽ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺮﺴﻧاد ]
11 [ راﺪﻘﻣ يﻮﭽﻧآ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ TMA
) 10 / 0 68± /1 ( ﻢﯿﺳ و ) 30 /0 69± /1 ( ار رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا مﺎﮕﻨﻫ
لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﻻﺎﺑ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺮﺗ بآ و ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ
] 11 [ . ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ هزﺎﺗ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ رد
1 مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ ﺪﺻ رد و
د ﺶﯿﺑ ﺪﺳﺎﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ر
زا 8 مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ
رد 100 ﯽﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
] 21 [.
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺟرد ياﺮﺑ يرﻮﺗﺎﮑﯾﺪﻧا ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ يا هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻄﺑTBA
دور ﯽﻣ رﺎﮑﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ]
22 [.
راﺪﻘﻣ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ TBA
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ و لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺖﺷاد يراد )
05 / 0 p<
.(
ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦﯾ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد TBA
يﺎﻫ
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ رد هﺪﺷ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا )
07 /0 72± / 4 ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) لوﺪﺟ 1 ( .
Tabel 1 Effect of different thawing processes on the pH, TMA, TBA and TVB-N of frozen Euthynnus affinis
Thawing
Microwave Refrigerator
Ambient air Immersion
Control
Parameters
6.00±0.02 B
5.89±0.01 A
5.98±0.03 B 6.34±0.04 D
6.14±0.01 C pH
1.51±0.04 B
1.94±0.32 B 1.16±0.05 A
1.25±0.08 A
1.12±0.03 A TMA
(mg TMA-N/100g)
4.72±0.07 C 3.12±0.05 B
1.96±0.54 A
1.56±0.10 A 1.44±0.03 A
TBA
(mg malonaldehyde/kg)
25.20±1.40 C 24.27±2.91 BC
20.07±2.14 B
23.87±1.50 BC
13.83±0.29 A TVB-N
(mg N/100g)
Values are mean ± standard deviation of three determinations.
Capital letters (A, B, C, D) in the same line indicate significant differences (p<0.05) of treatment.
ﻪﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻦﯾا ﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ
ﺖﻠﻌ ﻊﯾﺮﺴﺗ نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺪﯿﭙﯿﻟ
ي ﻪﺑ
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺮﺛا رد ﻪﮐ يدﺎﯾز يژﺮﻧا ﻞﯿﻟد هﺪﺷ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 1 و 7 [.
نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﮐ داد
راﺪﻘﻣ TBA
ﯽﻫﺎﻣرﺎﻣ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ]
1 [ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ يﻮﮕﯿﻣ و ]
10 [
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ رد د يﺎﻬﺷور ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﺮﮕﯾ دﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا ه . ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﺣ
لﻮﺒﻗ TBA ﻪﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ 2 - 1 مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ رد ﺪﯿﺋﺪﻟآ نﻮﻟﺎﻣ مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ]
23 [.
ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ي
ﺷﺬﮔ ﺪﺣ ﻦﯾا زا ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ و لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد ﺪﻨﺘ
. TVB-N ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ
ﯽﯾﺎﯾرد يﺎﻫاﺬﻏ و ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ دﺎﺴﻓ ﺲﮑﯾﺪﻧا دور ﯽﻣ رﺎﮑﺑ
] 21 [.
راﺪﻘﻣ TVB-N ﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﯿ )
83 / 13 مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ
رد 100
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ (
ﺎﺑ يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ
ﺖﺷاد ) 05 /0 p<
.(
ﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿ راﺪﻘﻣ
TVB-N ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
رد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا )
20 / 25 مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ
رد 100 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ (
اﻮﻫ ﯽﯾادزﺎﻤﺠﻧا و )
07 / 20 مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ
نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ رد 100 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ (
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
لوﺪﺟ 1 .(
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻬﺷور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ )
و اﻮﻫ ،جﻮﻣوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ،بآ
لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ( يور گﺎﻓﻮﺘﯿﻓ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﯿﻓ نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻪﮐ داد ناﺰﯿﻣ TVB-N
رد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ اﻮﻫ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
] 9 [.
راﺪﻘﻣ 25
مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ رد نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ 100
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ ﺣ
شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪ TVB-
ردN ﺖﺳا ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ]
24 [.
رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺰﺠﺑ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﺣ ﻦﯾا زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ .
3 - 1 - بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ )
( WHC
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﯾادز دﺎﻤﺠﻧا و دﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ) ﻞﮑﺷ 1 .(
زا ﺲﭘ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳﺮﯿﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﯽﯾادزد
،ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﯾزﻮﯿﻣ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ]
2[
. ﺮﻓ آ ﺪﻨﯾ ﯽﻣ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ار نآ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ و هداد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﻀﻋ رد ار بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻄﺳاو ﻪﺑ تﻻﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا زوﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻮﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺮﯾﺬﭘ فﺎﻄﻌﻧا ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ ﻦﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا و ﯽﻣ ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓ
-
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 25 [ . رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯾدﺮﮔ
ﺪ ) ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ( ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
] 5 .[
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﻮﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد ﺮﺘﻤﮐ هﺪﺷ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ،بآ رد ﯽﻣ ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ
-
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 26 [.
Figure 1 Effect of different thawing processes on the Water Holding Capacity of frozen Euthynnus affinis
3 - 2 - ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ )
Thawing
( loss
بآ نداد ﺖﺳد زا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ
رﺮﺿ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ
ﺪﻨﯾﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ داﻮﻣ رد ﻞﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يﺬﻐﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻦﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا و
ددﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ .
ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺮﺛا بآ نداد ﺖﺳد زا ﯽﻃ
ﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ،د
مﺎﮕﻨﻫ و ﯽﻣ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ دراﺬﮔ
] 27 [.
رد يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ راﺪﻘﻣ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ اﻮﻫ و بآ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﯾدﺮﮕﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) ﻞﮑﺷ 2 ( ﺎﻣا
ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ و لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺎﺑ
يراد ) 05 /0 p<
( ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺑآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽ
ﻮﻫ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ا
) 71 /1 د ﺪﺻر ( و ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد يﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ
ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ رد )
65 / 3 د ﺪﺻر ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻻﺎﺑ تراﺮﺣ رد
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ
ﺑآ نداد ﺖﺳد زا ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽ
ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ] 9 و 10 [ . بآ ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا زا
ﺎﺑ ﻮﮕﯿﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
ا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ز ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ نﺪﺷ مﺮﮔ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ ] 7 .[
شور ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﺖﺳد زا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ نداد
ﯽﻣ بآ دﻮﺷ ] 28 [ .
Figure 2 Effect of different thawing processes on the Thawing loss of frozen Euthynnus affinis
3 - 3 - ﺖﺨﭘ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ )
Cooking loss (
ﻤﯿﺗ ﺖﺨﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ راﺪﻘﻣ رﺎ
رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ يراد
) 05 / 0 p<
( ﺖﺷاد . و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺨﭘ زا ﺲﭘ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد يﺎﻫ
اﻮﻫ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا )
53 / 11 رد ﺪﺻ ( و ﻮﯾوﻮﯾﺮﮐﺎﻣ ) 71 / 13 ﺪﺻرد (
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
ﻞﮑﺷ 3 ( . ﺎﻣد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ ي ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ رد ﺐﺟﻮﻣ
ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ
ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ددﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ بآ جوﺮﺧ و ]
9 [ . رد
شور ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
) ،ﺮﻠﯿﭼ يﺎﻣد ،قﺎﺗا يﺎﻣد
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ و بآ مﺎﻤﺣ (
ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﻮﻟﺎﻓﻮﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ
زا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺖﺳد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﺖﺨﭘ و ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ بآ نداد
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ]
29 [ ﻪﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ
دراد .
Figure 3 Effect of different thawing processes on the Cooking loss of frozen Euthynnus affinis
3 - 4 - ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
داﺪﻌﺗ رﺎﺑ ﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎ ) ﺖﺳودﺎﻣﺮﺳ و ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ (
ﺰﺠﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد
توﺎﻔﺗ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ اﻮﻫ
يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ )
05 / 0 p<
( ﺖﺷاد . يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ رﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ )
logcfu/g 13
/ 3 ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) لوﺪﺟ 2 ( ﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﮐ و ﺎﯾرد بآ رد ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ر
ﻪﺑ نآ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ يروآﺮﻓ ﻞﺤﻣ و ﻪﻠﮑﺳا
. يﺎﻬﺷور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻫﺎﻣرﺎﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يور ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ رﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ
) logcfu/g 105
× 7/
5 (
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ]
1 [.
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ رﺎﺑ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ رد ﺖﺳودﺎﻣﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﯿﺗ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رﺎﻤ )
logcfu/g 74
/ 3 ( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
لوﺪﺟ 2 ( ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ نﺎﻣز ندﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺖﺳودﺎﻣﺮﺳ يﺎﻬﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﺷر و
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 9[
.
داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ رﺎﺑ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳودﺎﻣﺮﺳ و
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا )
logcfu/g 04
/ 1 ( هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ .
ﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ رﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نﺪﺷ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪ
ﺮﻓ نﺎﻣز رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ و ﺎﻫ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿﻣ آ
رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾ
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ]
30 [.
Tabel 2 Effect of different thawing processes on the TVC and PTC (Log CFU/g) of frozen Euthynnus affinis
Thawing
Microwave Refrigerator
Ambient air Immersion
Control Parameters
1.04±0.09D
1.41±0.17C
2.87±0.13A
2.15±0.15B 3.13±0.13A
TVC
1.20±0.19D
3.74±0.20A
1.82±0.22C
2.02±0.12B
1.75±0.21C
PTC
Values are mean ± standard deviation of three determinations.
Capital letters (A, B, C, D) in the same line indicate significant differences (p<0.05) of treatment.
3 - 5 - ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ يﺎﻫ )
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و ﻮﺑ ( هداد خر تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺑﺎـﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ
ﯽﯾﺎﯾرد يﺎﻫاﺬﻏ ﯽﻃ
هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز ﺖﺳا
.
ﺎﺷ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺺﺧ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ رد ﺖﺴـﯿﻟ ﮏـﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻤﺛ ﻪﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ و دوﺪﺤﻣ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ رد ماﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ و ﺪﻨﺳر
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﯾارا ﺖـﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻞـﮐ يﺎﻫ
دﺮﮔ ﺪـﻧ ] 20 [.
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ) لﺎﮑﺷا 4 - 7 ( داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺎـﺑ ﺪﻫﺎـﺷ رﺎـﻤﯿﺗ ﯽﺴـﺣ ﯽﺑﺎـﯾزرا
ﯽﯾادزدﺎــﻤﺠﻧا يﺎــﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯾﺎـﺳ هﺪــﺷ
ــﺷاد يراد ﯽــﻨﻌﻣ توﺎــﻔﺗ ﺖ
) 05 / 0 p<
.(
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ رد يﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ هﺮﻤﻧ ياراد اﻮﻫ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﯾادزدﺎـﻤﺠﻧا رﺎـﻤﯿﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﮑﺷ يﻮﺑ و ﻢﺸﭼ مﺮﻓ ،ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ و لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ،بآ .
شور تاﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا )
وﻮﯾوﺮﮑﯾﺎـﻣ و بآ ،لﺎﭽﺨﯾ (
ﻪـﺳ ﯽﮔزﺎـﺗ ﺖـﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺮـﺑ
توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﻫﺎــﻣ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ )
رﺎــﺳ يﻮـﭽﻧآ و ﻢﯿــﺳ ،ﻦﯾد (
داد نﺎﺸــﻧ ﻪــﮐ
ياﺮـﺑ مﺎﮑﺤﺘﺳا ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺰﺠﺑ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا يﻮـﭽﻧآ ﯽﻫﺎـﻣ ياﺮـﺑ بآ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا و ﻢﯿﺳ و ﻦﯾدرﺎﺳ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ دﻮـﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﺸﺑآ يﻮﺑ و ﻢﺸﭼ ﻞﮑﺷ ،مﺎﮑﺤﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻔﺻ رد ] 11 [.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Control
Skin …
Skin Mucus Skin Odor
Skin Texture Immersion
Skin … Skin Mucus Skin Odor Skin Texture Ambient air Skin …
Skin Mucus Skin Odor
Skin Texture Refrigerator
Skin … Skin Mucus Skin Odor Skin Texture Microwave
Skin … Skin Mucus
Skin OdorSkin Texture
Skin
Figure 4 Sensory analysis (Skin) of frozen Euthynnus affinis under different thawing processes
Fig 5 Sensory analysis (Eyes) of frozen Euthynnus affinisunder different thawing processes
Gills
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Control
Gills Color/appearance Gills Mucus
Gills Odor Ambient air
Gills Color/appearance Gills Mucus
Gills Odor Ambient air Gills Color/appearance Gills Mucus
Gills Odor Refrigerator Gills Color/appearance
Gills Mucus Gills Odor Microwave Gills Color/appearance
Gills MucusGills Odor
Fig 6 Sensory analysis (Gills) of frozen Euthynnus affinisunder different thawing processes
Abdomen
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Control
Abdomen Blood in abdomen Abdomen Odor
Immersion
Abdomen Blood in abdomen Abdomen Odor
Ambient air
Abdomen Blood in abdomen Abdomen Odor
Refrigerator Abdomen Blood in abdomen
Abdomen Odor Microwave Abdomen Blood in abdomen
Abdomen Odor
Fig 7 Sensory analysis (Abdomen) of frozen Euthynnus affinis under different thawing processes
4 - ﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘ
ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا نآ ﺐﻗﺎﻌﺘﻣ و دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ يا
ﺪﻧراد هدرز ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يور .
ﻪﺠﻨﺳاﺮﻓ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺴﺣ و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ هدرز ﯽﻫﺎﻣ
ﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﺪ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ
ﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻦﯿﻣآ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ يﺮ
،ﺪﯿﺳا ﮏﯾرﻮﺘﯿﺑرﺎﺑﻮﯿﺗ ، يﺎﻫزﺎﺑ
ﻧژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﯽ
،راﺮﻓ ﺖﺨﭘ و ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻠﭽﺑآ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا اﻮﻫ رد
ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ه ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . و ﺖﺳودﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ رﺎﺑ
رد ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا رد
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ اﻮﻫ
يراد ) 05 / 0
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(p ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ هدرز ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ
ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ زا ﺲﭘ اﻮﻫ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﺮﺗ دﻮﺑ . ﯾا يﺎﻫ هداد اﺬﻟ ﻦ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ اﻮﻫ رد ﯽﯾادزدﺎﻤﺠﻧا ار
ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ هدرز ﯽﻫﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ رد
ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ يروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ .
5 - يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
ﺎﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ زا ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ﻞﺑاز هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻟ
) Grant
code:UOZ-GR-9517-26 (
ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ
ددﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧاد رﺪﻗ و .
6 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Effect of different thawing methods on the physicochemical, microbial parameters and sensory analysis of frozen Euthnnus
affinis
Jadghal, T. 1, Alizadeh Doughikollaee, E. 2, Bita, S.3
1. MSc. in Fish product processing, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol 2. Associate Prof, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol
3. Assistant Prof, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar MaritimeUniversity (Received: 2017/12/07 Accepted:2018/05/10)
This study was to evaluate the effect of different thawing methods (Immersion, Ambient air, Refrigerator and Microwave) on the quality of frozen Euthnnus affinis. Fresh fish after packaging frozen in tunnel freezing (-36 °C) and stored in -18°C for 2 months. Chemical, physical, microbiological parameters and sensory evaluation were investigated after thawing. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the pH of control and other thawing treatments. The highest and lowest amount of TMA was obtained in refrigerator thawing (1.94±0.32) and control (1.12±0.03) treatments respectively. The lowest amount of TBA was observed in immersion thawing (1.56±0.10) and control (1.44±0.03) treatments. The highest amount of TVB-N (25.20±1.40) and lowest amount of WHC (76.77±5.82) were obtained in microwave thawing treatment. The lowest amount of thawing and cooking loss were observed in ambient air thawing (1.71±0.26) and control (11.44±0.06) treatments respectively. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the PTC and TVC count of control and ambient air thawing treatment. The sensory analysis of ambient air thawing treatment was better than the other treatments. The results of this research showed the ambient air thawing is recommended to preservation of frozen Euthnnus affinis.
Keywords: Euthnnus affinis, Thawing, Drip loss, Microwave, Water Holding Capacity
