ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﺎﺿ زا ﻦ ﯾ
ﺳ تﺎﻌ ﯿ ﺘﺧرد ﺐ ﯽ
ﺢﻄﺳ شور ﻪﺑ -
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ
ﺸﻤﺟ ﺪﻣﺎﺣ ﯿ
ﺪ ﯾ
1نﺎ ﻠﻋ ، ﯽ ﻊﻓار
2
،*
ﺳ ﯿ ﺪﻬﻣ ﺪ ي ﻣ ﯿ ﺎﺑﺎﺑازﺮ ﯾ
3ﯽ
1 - روآﺮﻓ هوﺮﮔ ،يﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي
اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ، ﯽ
ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ، ﯾ ناﺮ .
2 - ﺸﻧاد ﯿ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ يروآﺮﻓ هوﺮﮔ رﺎ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ، ﯽ
ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ، ﯾ ناﺮ .
3 - دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ ﺷﺎﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎ ﯿ
اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ تﻻآ ﻦ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ، ﯽ
ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ، ﯾ ناﺮ .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 04 / 11 / 1399
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 17 / 03 / 1400
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
،جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ،
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ،ﻦ
ﺳ ﯿ لژ ،ﺐ .
DOI: 10.52547/fsct.18.117.207
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻠﭘوﺮﺘﻫ ﻦ ﯽ رﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯾ د ﻢﻬﻣ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ءﺰﺟ و ﺪ ﯾ
ﻟﻮﻠﺳ هراﻮ ﯽ ﮔ ﯿ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نﺎﻫﺎ ﻪﺑ يا
ﺎﭘ و هﺪﻨﻫد لژ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯾ
ﺎﻨﺻ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ راﺪ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽ دﻮﺷ .ا ـﯾ فﺪـﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦ
ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ زرا و ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﻤﮐ ﯽ ﮐ و ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻦ ﯿ
ﺘﺧرد ﺐ ﯽ ﻫ شور ﻪﺑ ﯿ
ﻟورﺪ ﯿ ـﺳا ﺰ ﯿ ﺪ ي
ﺎﻣد رد ي ﺘﻨﺳ شور ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽ
هﺪﻤﻋ زا ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﺎﺿ ﻦ ﯾ ﺎﻨـﺻ تﺎﻌ ﯾ
ﺪـﺒﺗ ﻊ ﯾﻠ ﯽ ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ مﺎـﺠﻧا رﻮﺸـﮐ .
ﻪﻨﻣاد رد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار 5pH
/1 ﺎﺗ 2 نﺎﻣز ، 60 ﺎﺗ 90 ﻗد ﯿ ﺎﻣد و ﻪﻘ ي 75 ﺎﺗ 90 ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
داﺮﮕ
شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ
- ﺦﺳﺎﭘ (RSM) ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ حﺮﻃ و
ي ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ ـﯾ ﺑﺎ ﯽ ﺪـﺷ . ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻪـﺟرد ﻦ
ﺮﺘﺳا ﯾﻔ ﯿ ﺳﺎﮑ ﯿ ﺳا راﺪﻘﻣ ،نﻮ ﯿ
ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ ﺪ ﯿ
اﻮـﺘﺤﻣ ،لدﺎﻌﻣ نزو ،ﮏ ي
ـﮐﻮﺘﻣ ﺴ ﯿ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﻞ ـﯿ ﺎﭘ و ﺖ ـﯾ راﺪ ي
ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ ﺎﻔ ﯾﺮ ي ﻓﺮﻇ و ﯿ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖ ي
ﺘﮑﭘ ﻦﻏور و بآ ﯿ
ﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻦ ﯿ
اﺮﺷ رد ﺐ ﯾ
ﻬﺑ ﻂ ﯿ ﻌﺗ ﻪﻨ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾ ﺪ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ
ﺘﻨﺳ شور رد ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽ
رد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا 5pH
/1 يﺎﻣد ، 90 ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
نﺎـﻣز و داﺮﮕ 90
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪـﻘ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هدزﺎﺑ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ )
83 /8 (%
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾ
ﺪ . اﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯾ ﻬﺑ ﻂ ﯿ ﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻪﻨ جا ) 90 ﻗد ﯿ ﺎﻣد ،ﻪﻘ ي 90
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
و داﺮﮕ 5pH /1 ( ﺘﮑﭘ ، ﯿ ﺮﺘﺳا ﻪـﺟرد ﺎـﺑ ﻦ ﯾﻔ
ﯿ ـﺳﺎﮑ ﯿ نﻮ 54 % ـﺳا و ﯿ ﺪ ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ ـﯿ
ﮏ 68
دﺮﮔ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ mg/g ﯾ
ﺪ . اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ،لدﺎﻌﻣ نزو ي
ﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣ ﯿ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﻞ ﯿ ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﺖ ﯿ ﺎﻔ ﯾﺮ ي ﻓﺮﻇ و ﯿ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖ ي
بآ
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﻟﺎﺼﺤﺘﺳا ﺐ ﯽ
ﻧ ﯿ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﯿ ﺐ 916 ، 9 /8
% ، 8 / 55
% ، 4 ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﺎـﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎـﺑ داد نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺞ
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ اﺮﺷ ﺮ ﯾ ﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻂ ﯽ
ﺘﮑﭘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﯿ
و ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯾ ـﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎـﻫ ي ﻓ توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﯿﺰ
ﯾ ـﺷﻮﮑ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯾ ﯽ ﺖـﺳد ﯾ ﺖـﻓﺎ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ ،ﻦ ﯿ ﺘﻨـﺳ شور ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ـﯿ ﺴـﻟﻮﻣا ﺖ ﯿ
ﺎﻔ ﯾ ﺎﭘ و يﺮ ﯾ ﮔﺪـﻨﻨﮐراﺪ ﯽ
ﺴـﺑ ﯿ ﺑﻮـﺧ رﺎ ﯽ
ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ
ﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺴﻟﻮﻣا تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ عاﻮﻧا نﻮ ﯿ
ﻧﻮ ﯽ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﮔﯿ
دﺮ .
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻤﻠﻋ ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﯽ
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-04 ]
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﯽــﻤﻠﻋ مﺎــﻧ ﺎــﺑ ﺐﯿــﺳ Malus domestica
ﻮــﯿﻣ ، ة ﯽــﺘﺧرد
زا يﺮﯿﺳدﺮﺳ داﻮﻧﺎﺧ
ة ﻞﮔ ﺖﺳا نﺎﯿﺧﺮﺳ .
ﻣﯿ ز ناﺰ ﯾ دﺎ ي ـﺳ زا ﯿ ﺐ
ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺪ ي ﻟﻮﺗ فﺮﺻ ﯿ
ﺳ بآ ﺪ ﯿ ـﺳ ﺖﺑﺮـﺷ ،ﺐ ﯿ
ﻪﮐﺮـﺳ و ﺎـﺑﺮﻣ ،ﺐ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺒﻃ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯿ
ز ﻢﺠﺣ ًﺎﺘﻌ ﯾ
دﺎ ي ﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﮥ ﺳ ﯿ ا رد ﺐ ـﯾ ـﺑ ﻦ ﯿ ﻟﻮﺗ ﻦ ـﯿ ﺪ
ﻣ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ . ﻮـﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﻣرﺎـﻬﭼ ﺐﯿـﺳ ة
زا ﺪـﻌﺑ نﺎـﻬﺟ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﯽـﺘﺧرد
ﯽﻣ زﻮﻣ و رﻮﮕﻧا ،تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. رﺎـﻣآ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻮﺋﺎـﻓ
ﯽﻧﺎـﻬﺟ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ
دوﺪﺣ ﺐﯿﺳ 83
دوﺪـﺣ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ناﺮـﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﺗ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ 2
ﮐﺮﺗ ،نﺎﺘﺴﻬﻟ ،ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ ،ﻦﯿﭼ زا ﺪﻌﺑ لﺎﺳ رد ﻦﺗ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ ﯿ
،ﺪـﻨﻫ و ﻪ
ﻤﺸﺷ ﯿ ﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ ﻦ ة
ﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﯿﻧد رد ﺐﯿﺳ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ . ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﻧﻻﺎﺳ بﺬﺟ ﮥ
ﮏـﯾ ًادوﺪـﺣ ﯽﻠﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺘﺧرد ﺐﯿﺳ
ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ رد نآ ﻞﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ مﻮﺳ ﻪـﺑ
هدرواﺮـﻓ ترﻮـﺻ يﺎـﻫ
بآ و هﺮﺘﻧﺎﺴﻨﮐ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ هﻮﯿﻣ
ﺪﺳر ] 1 .[
ﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﮥ ﺳ ﯿ ﺐ
ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾ ﺑ ًﺎﺒ ﯿ ﻦ 10 ﺎﺗ 15 ﺘﮑﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
دراد ﮏﺸـﺧ نزو ﺐﺴـﺣﺮﺑ ﻦ
] 2 .[
ا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻨﻏ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻦ ﯽ ﺴﺑ ، ﯿ رﺎ ي تﺎﺠﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ و ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ زا
اﯾ ﺎﺿ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ار ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦ ﯾ
ﻣ رود تﺎﻌ ﯽ
رﯾ ﺪﻧﺰ . هوﻼﻋ ا ﺮﺑ ـﯾ ﻦ
بﻮﻃﺮﻣ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ و ندﻮﺑ
ﮐﺮﺗ ندﻮﺑاراد ﯿ
ﺪﻨﻗ تﺎﺒ ي و دﺎﺴـﻓ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ز تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﯾ
ﺖﺴ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ ﻧ ﯿ ﻣ ﺰ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ . ﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﻪـﺑ ،رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ترﻮـﺻ
ﺘﻨﺳ ﯽ هﺮﺘﻧﺎﺴﻨﮐ و ماد كارﻮﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ
ي اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ـﻣ رﺎـﮐ ﯽ دور
] 3 .[
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻠﭘ ﻦ ﯽ رﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯾﺪ ي د رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ـﯾ
راﻮ ة ﻟﻮﻠـﺳ ﯽ ﺖﻤﺴـﻗ رد ،
ﻼﻣﻻ ي ﻣ ﯿﻧﺎ ﯽ د ، ﯾ راﻮ ة ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻟوا ﯿ ﻮﻧﺎﺛ و ﻪ ﯾﮥ ﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯿ ﻫﺎ ﯽ دﻮـﺟو
دراد ] 4 .[
ژاو ة ﻪﺑ يﻮﺴﻧاﺮﻓ ناﺪﯿﻤﯿﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ
مﺎــﻧ Heneri Braconnot لﺎــﺳ رد
1825 نﺎــﺑز زا يدﻼﯿــﻣ
ﻪﺘﺨﻟ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﯾ ﻪﺑ و سﺎﺒﺘﻗا 1
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔرﺎﮐ .
ﻣﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ ناﺰ ﯿ رد ﻦ
ﺳ ﯿ ﺐ 5/
1 - 1 ﻮـﻟآدرز ؛ﺪﺻرد 1
ـﮔ ؛ﺪـﺻرد ﯿ
سﻼ 4/
0 ؛ﺪـﺻرد
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ 5/
3 - 5/
0 ﻮﻫ رد و ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺮﻘﺗ ﺞ ﯾ ًﺎﺒ 4/
1 ﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) 20 .(
-D ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ ــﯿ
ــﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺪ ) D-GalA (
ا ﻪــﮐ ﯾ ﺮــﻣوﺰ ي زا
-D ﻧورﻮﮐﻮﻠﮔ ــﯿ ــﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺪ ) D-GlcA (
ــﻣ ﯽ ﻪــﺑ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ناﻮــﻨﻋ
ﮑﺸﺗ ﯿ ﻞ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ﻟوا ﯿﮥ ﻠﮐ ﯿﮥ ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻦ ا ﻪـﺑ ﻪﮐ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫ ـﯾ
ﻦ
ﻄﺧرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽ
ﺠﻧز ﯿ هﺮ ﺒﻧﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ ﯽ ـﺜﻨﺧ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﯽ
د ﯾ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ يﺮـﮕ
لا -
،زﻮﻨﻣار لا - ﺑارآ ﯿ د ،زﻮـﻨ ي - از ﯾ يد و زﻮـﻠ -
زﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎـﮔ ﻞﺼـﺘﻣ2
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ . ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ﺘﮑﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯿ
ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻦ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد ] 5 .[
ﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ هوﺮﮔزا ﺴﮐﻮﺑﺮﮐ يﺎﻫ ﯿﻠ
ﯽ ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ـﯿ
ـﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺪ
ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ هﺪـﺷ يﺮﺘﺳا لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ .
هوﺮـﮔ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ يﺎـﻫ
1. congealed, curdled
ﺴﮐﻮﺑﺮﮐ ﯿﻠ ﯽ يﺮﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ ﻞﮐ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺴـﮐﻮﺑﺮﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﯿﻠ ﯽ ـﺟرد ار ﮥ
يﺮﺘﺳا نﺪـﺷ ) (DE ـﻣ ﯽ ـﻤﻬﻣ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﻪـﮐ ،ﺪـﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﯽ
صاﻮـﺧ رد
لژ ﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ دراد ﻦ . ـﺟرد ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺘﺴـﺑ ﮥ
يﺮﺘـﺳا ـﺘﮑﭘ نﺪـﺷ ﯿ
ﻦ
ﻠﺻا هوﺮﮔ ود ﻪﺑ يرﺎﺠﺗ ﯽ
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻞ
%) 50 DE>
( و
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯿ
ﺎـﭘ ﻞ ﯾﯿ ﻦ
%) 50 DE<
) ( ﻞﮑـﺷ 1 ( ﻪـﻘﺒﻃ يﺪـﻨﺑ
ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ] 6 :[
High methoxyl :
) pH 5/
3 - 2 ( ز راﺪﻘﻣ و ﯾ دﺎ ي ﺪﻨﻗ ) 75 - 55
ﺪﺻرد ( Low methoxyl :
) pH 2 - 6 ( ﺎﺑ ، ﯾ ز راﺪﻘﻣ نوﺪﺑ ﺎ ﯾ
دﺎ ي و ﺪﻨﻗ ﯾ ﺎ
رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﯾ نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﻓﺮﻇ ود ﯿﺘ ﯽ ) Ca2+
(
Fig 1 Chemical structure of high and low methoxyl pectin
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ د ﻦ ﻣ ﻞﺣ بآ ر ﯽ
ﻟو دﻮﺷ ﯽ و ﻞﮑﻟا رد ﯾ
ﺎﺳ ﺎ ﯾ لﻼـﺣ ﺮ ﺎـﻫ ي
ﻟآ ﯽ ﻤﻧ ﻞﺣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ و ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﻼﺣ ﯿﺘ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ،نآ ترﻮﺻ
ﺘﻨﺳ ﯽ ﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا ﯿ
ﻫﺎ ﯽ ﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﮥ ﺳ ﯿ لﻼﺣ رد ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ و ﺐ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺑآ ﯽ لﻼﺣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
ي ﻟآ ﯽ ﻣ هداد بﻮﺳر ﯽ
دﻮـﺷ . ﺎـﺑ
اﯾ ﻦ ـﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا دﻮﺟو ﯿ
ﻮـﺷد رﺎـﮐ بآ ﮏـﻤﮐ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ﻦ را
ي
ﻣ ﯽ ز ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯾ د ﻪﺑ اﺮ ﯾ راﻮ ة ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻣ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﯽ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . اﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ﯾ اﺮـﺑ ﻦ ي
ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا ﻦ ﯿ
ﻫﺎ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ، ﺘﻨـﺳ رﻮﻃ ﯽ لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ زا ﺎـﻫ
ي
ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ي ) ﻪﺑ ﻠﮐرﻮﻃ ﯽ ﺳا ﯿ ﺮﻠﮐ ﺪ ﯾ رﺪ ﯾ ﮏ ( ـﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﯽ
دﻮـﺷ . اﺮـﺑ ي
ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﻟﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻦ ﮥ ﺳ ﯿ لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ زا ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺐ ﺎـﻫ
ي ـﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ي
) 3 - 5/
1
= (pH ﺎﻣد رد ي ـﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻻﺎـﺑ ﯽ
دﻮـﺷ ] 8 .[
آﺮﻓ رد ﯾ ﺪـﻨ
ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا مﻮﺳﺮﻣ ﯿ
ﻘﻣ رد ﻦ ﯿ ﺘﻌﻨـﺻ سﺎ ﯽ
ـﺘﮑﭘ ، ﯿ غاد بآ ﺎـﺑ ﻦ
) 100 - 60 ﺟرد ﮥ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ داﺮﮔ ( ﺳا ﯿ يﺪ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ـﯾ ـﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﻧﺪـﻌﻣ ﺪ ﯽ
) رﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ
ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ،ﮏ ﯾ ﻧ ،ﮏ ﯿ ﺮﺘ ﯾ ﻫ و ﮏ ﯿ ﺮﻠﮐورﺪ ﯾ ﮏ ( ﻪﮐ pH
ﻪﺑ نآ 3 - 3/
1 تﺪـﻣ رد ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺳر 5/
0 ﺎـﺗ 6 ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ
ــﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘــﺳا ﯽ
دﻮــﺷ . داﺪــﻌﺗ ﻪــﺘﺒﻟا ي
ا زا ــﺳ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﻧﺎﮔرا ــﯿ و ﮏ
ﮏﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟاﺰﮔا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯿ
ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﻧﻮﻣآ ،ﺪ ﯿ رﺎﺗرﺎﺗ ،تﻻاﺰﮔا مﻮ ﯾ
ﮏ
ﺳا ﯿ ﻠﭘ و ﺪ ﯽ تﺎﻔﺴﻓ ﻧ ﺎﻫ ـﯿ ﻪـﺑ ﺰ ـﻣ رﺎـﮐ ﯽ ﺪـﻧور ] 11 .[
لوﺪـﺟ ) 1 (
ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ي اﺮﻓ رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯾ
ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺪﻨ ﯿ
ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻦ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد ] 9 .[
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-04 ]
Table 1 Factors affecting the extraction of pectin [9,10]
effect Factor
1. Temperature: Increases extraction efficiency but may cause poor pectin quality due to over- depolarization.
2. Extraction performance: increases and then decreases until the most optimal state.
3. Materials and Methods: As the solvent ratio increases, the extraction efficiency increases, but care must be taken to decompose the pectin.
4. Low pH (1 to 3) to break protopectin: Better quality pectin at lower efficiencies can be obtained at higher pH.
Operational conditions
1. Particle size: Smaller particles lead to higher rates and performance to the extent that a large surface area allows contact between the solvent and the matrix.
2. The particle distribution should be low so that smaller particles do not prevent the solvent from coming into contact with larger particles.
3. The composition may affect how pectin binds to the material and the amount of binding.
Matrix properties
1. Higher viscosity reduces mass transfer and production.
2. The polarity of the contrast between the matrix and the solvent is affected, thus affecting the yield, quantity and quality.
3. Toxicity is a factor for quality and safety. The use of GRAS solvents is essential in the food industry.
Solvent properties
1. Cutting and extrusion make the particles smaller, which increases the extraction rate and efficiency.
2. Drying reduces moisture, changes the bond between pectin and the material, and achieves different extraction efficiencies.
3. Cellular disruption caused by the use of electric field or ultrasound intermittently or permanently to create better tissue will have better results in mass transfer rate, efficiency and extraction performance.
Preliminary operations
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﭽﻧﺎﭘ )
1989 ( ـﺳ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ـﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا ﮏ ﯿ
ـﻟﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻦ ﮥ
ﺳ ﯿ ﺘﺧرد ﺐ ﯽ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ ار 05
/0 ـﺳا ﺪـﺻرد ﯿ
ﻧ ﺪ ﯿ ﺮﺘ ـﯾ رد ﮏ
ﺎــﻫﺎﻣد ي 60 ، 70 و 80 ﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ﻪــﺟرد ﯿ
ــﺳرﺮﺑ داﺮﮕ ﯽ
و ﺪــﻧدﺮﮐ
ﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ رد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦ ﯾ
دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺎﻣد ﻦ .
ﻘﺤﺗ رد ﯿ د ﻖ ﯾ ﺮﮕ ي ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ـﻟﺎﻔﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ ﻦ ﮥ
ـﺳ ﯿ ﺐ
ﺘﺧرد ﯽ ﺳا رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﯿ
ﺮﻠﮐ ﺪ ﯾ رﺪ ﯾ ﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﮏ ي
ترﻮﺻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺬﭘ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺮ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﭘ ﺞ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ـﻠﭘ ﻪـﮐ داد نﺎﺸـﻧ هﺪـﺷ ﯽ
رﺎﮐﺎـﺳ ﯾ ﺎﻫﺪ ي
ﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ي
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻪﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ي
ﻣ ﺖﺳد ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﻨﺑﺎ ] 12 .[
ﻨﻟا اوﺎ ﯾ ﯽ ﺎﺗاﻮﺷ و ) 1987 ( ﺑ ـﯿ زاﺪـﻧا ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺎـﺑ ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ نﺎ ة
تارذ
ﻪﺑ ﻟد ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﻞ ﯾ ـﺑ سﺎـﻤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶ ﯿ
ﺮﺗﺎـﻣ ﻦ ﯾ نﺎﻣﺪـﻧار ،لﻼـﺣ و ﺲ
اﺰﻓا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯾ
ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ . ـﺑ تارذ ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ ﻪﺑ مزﻻ ﯿ
زا ﺶ
ﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﺪﺣ ﯽ
ﺮﺟ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ
دﻮﺷ لﻼﺣ نﺎ .
هوﻼـﻋ ا ﺮـﺑ ـﯾ ،ﻦ
زﻮﺗ ﯾ زاﺪﻧا ﻊ ة ﺎﺑ تارذ ﯾ ﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دوﺪﺤﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔراﺮﻗ زا
ﺴﺑ تارذ ﯿ ﺑ رد ﮏﭼﻮﮐ رﺎ ﯿ
د تارذ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺮﺟ رﺎﺸـﻓ ﺖـﻓُا و ﺮﮕ ـﯾ
نﺎ
ددﺮﮔ بﺎﻨﺘﺟا لﻼﺣ ]
13 .[
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و كداﺮﺑ )
1978 ( هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
ﺳا زا ﯿ ﻧ ﺪ ﯿ ﺮﺘ ﯾ ﮏ ﯾ ﺎﻣد رد لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﮏ ي
80 ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺟرد ﯽ
و داﺮـﮔ
تﺪﻣ 60 ﻗد ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ ،ﻪﻘ ﯿ هدزﺎـﺑ ﺎﺑ ار ﻦ 1/
4 % ﻟ ﻪـﻟﺎﻔﺗ زا ﯿ شﺮـﺗ ﻮـﻤ
) Meyer Lemon (
ــﻧدﺮﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘــﺳا ﺪ
. لﺮــﻐﻃ و نﻼــﺳرا
) 1996 ( ﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺮﻠﮐورﺪ ﯾ ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ ،ﺪ ﯿ هدزﺎـﺑ ﺎﺑ ار ﻦ
8/
21 % ﺮﮔ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ زا ﯾ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا توﺮﻓ ﭗ .
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا زا ﺲﭘ
ﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯿ راﺬﮔ بﻮﺳر ،ﺪ ي
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ و ﻦ زﺎﺳ
ي زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ نآ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا لﻮﻧﺎﺗا
. ـﻟﯿ نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و ﻦ )
1978 ( ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ مﻼـﻋا
راﺪﻘﻣ ندوﺰﻓا ي
ﺳا ﯿ ﻫ ﺪ ﯿ رﺪ ﺮﻠﮐو ﯾ ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ بﻮﺳر ﻪﺑ ﺪ ﯿ
ﺳ ﻦ ﯿ ﺐ
ﺘﺧرد ﯽ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ، زﺎﺳ
ي ﺘﮑﭘ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻣ لﻮﻧﺎﺗا ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯽ
ددﺮﮔ . ﮐﯿ ﻢ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
1978 ( لﻼﺣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ار ي ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﻦ
ﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ي 75 و 95 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
مﻼـﻋا و ﺪـﻧدﺮﺑ رﺎـﮐ ﻪـﺑ داﺮﮕ
ﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هدزﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺐ ـﯿ
ﺮﻠﮐورﺪ ﯾ ﮏ
ـــﺳا ﯿ ـــﺳ ،ﺪ رﻮﻔﻟﻮ ﯾ ـــﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﻧﻮﻣآ تﻻاﺰـــﮔا ،ﺪ ـــﯿ
ﺪـــﺳ و مﻮ ﯾ
ﻢ
ﺎــﻫﺎﻣد رد و تﺎﻔﺴــﻓﺎﺘﻣاﺰﮕﻫ ي
95 و 75 ﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ﻪــﺟرد ﯿ
ﻪــﺑ داﺮﮕ
ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد . ﻓاز ـﯿ ﺮﯾ ﻮـﻟﻮﭘﻮﺋروا و ﺲ )
1992 ( ـﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻪـﻟﺎﻔﺗ زا ار ﻦ
ــﺳا ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ لﺎــﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﻧ ﺪ ﯿ ﺮﺘ ــﯾ ﺪــﺻرد و ،ﺪــﻧدﺮﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘــﺳا ﮏ
ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ ﯿ
ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺑ ار نآ ﺪ ﯿ ﻦ 5/
68 ﺎﺗ 75 ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ .
ﺮـﺑ
اﯾ فﺪﻫ سﺎﺳا ﻦ اﯾ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻖ ﯿ
ﺎﺿ زا ﻦ ﯾ ﺳ تﺎﻌ ﯿ ﺐ
ﺳا شور ﻪﺑ ﯿ
ﺪ ي و ﺎﻣد ﻪﻨﻣاد رد ـﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ pH
ﯽ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ﻨﮑﺗ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯿ ﺢﻄﺳ ﮏ - اﺮﺷ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯾ ﻬﺑ ﻂ ﯿ ﻌﺗ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻪﻨ ﯿﯿ
ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻦ
وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯿ ﺎﻬ ي ﻓ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ﺷﻮﮑ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯾ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
2 - ﺎﻫ شور و داﻮﻣ
2 - 1 - ﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﯿ ﺐ
ﺳ بﻮﻃﺮﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﯿ
ﺐ ﺘﺧرد ﯽ ) ﻬﺗ رد ﻪﮐ ﯿ ﺳ هرﻮﭘ ﻪ ﯿ ﺘﺧرد ﺐ ﯽ ﻪـﺑ
ﻣ رﺎﮐ ﯽ دور ( ار ﺎﻨـﺻ ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻣ زا ﯾ
ﻊ اﺬـﻏ ﯾ ﯽ نﺎﻬﻔـﺻا )آ ـﯾ ـﺑ اﺪ ﯿ ﻦ
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-04 ]
ﻞﻠﻤﻟا ( ﻣﺎﺗ ﯿ ﺪﺷ ﻦ . د و ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﯾ
ﺟرﺎﺧ داﻮﻣ ﺮﮕ ﯽ
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺘﺳد ﯽ ﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ . ﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺲﭙﺳ ﯿ
ﺳآ نورد ﺐ ﯿ
ر بﺎ ﯾ ﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨ
ﮏﭼﻮﮐ تارذ هزاﺪﻧا دﻮﺷ ﺮﺗ
.
2 - 2 - ﺘﺳا ﺘﻨﺳ شور ﻪﺑ جاﺮﺨ ﯽ
10 ﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ردﻮﭘ مﺮﮔ ﯿ
و ﺎـﻣد لﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﺎﺑ مﺮﮔ بآ مﺎﻤﺣ رد ار ﺐ
،لﻼﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ نﺰﻤﻫ 1
: 25 ) ﻤﺠﺣ ﯽ / ﻧزو ﯽ ( ـﺳا ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﺪ
ﺮﻠﮐ ــﯾ رﺪ ﯾ ﮏ 1/
0 دﺮــﮐ ﻪﻓﺎــﺿا لﺎــﻣﺮﻧ ﯾ
ﻢ . نﺪــﺷ ﮏــﻨﺧ زا ﺲــﭘ
ﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ ﺎﻣد ﺎﺗ نﻮ ي رد ،دﺮـﺳ بآ رد قﺎﺗا 1500RPM
ﻪـﺑ
تﺪﻣ 60 ﻗد ﯿ ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﻘ ﯾﻔ ﯿ ژﻮ دﺮﮔ ـﯾ ﺪ . ور ﺖﻤﺴـﻗ ـﯾ
ﯽ ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ ﺎـﻫ ي
روآ ﻊﻤﺟ ار نﻮﮑﻟﺎﻓ ي
ﺎﺗ و ﯾ ﻟوا ﻢﺠﺣ مرﺎﻬﭼ ﮏ ﯿ
ﻠﻐﺗ ﻪ ﯿ ﺪـﺷ ﻆ .
،ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎﺑ ار لﻮﻠﺤﻣ pH
1NaOH /0 ﻪـﺑ لﺎـﻣﺮﻧ 2
و هﺪﻧﺎـﺳر
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ندوﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ار ﻦ 2
لﻮﻧﺎﺗا ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 96
% داد بﻮﺳر ﯾ
ﻢ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
تﺪﻣ 12 دﻮﺷ زﺎﻓ ود ﺎﺗ هداد ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻋﺎﺳ .
بﻮﺳر ﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هدﺮﮐ ﯿ
ﺳاﺮﺘﻠ ﯿ لﻮﻧﺎـﺗا ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود و اﺪﺟ نﻮ 60
% ود و
لﻮﻧﺎﺗا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ 70
% ﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﯾ ﺖ ﯾ لﻮﻧﺎـﺗا ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ 96
%
ﺪﺷ هداد ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ .
ﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﯽ ور لﻮﻧﺎﺗا ﺎﺑ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ي
نﺰـﻤﻫ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30 ﻗد ﯿ اﺮﺑ ﻪﻘ ي ﺼﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ فﺬﺣ ﯽ
ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ و ﻮـﻧﻮﻣ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ
د ي رﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯾ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺎﻫﺪ .
ﺘﮑﭘ ،هﺎﮕﻧآ ﯿ اﺮﺑ ار ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻦ ي
فﺬـﺣ
ﭘ ﻞﮑﻟا ﻼﺧ ﺖﺤﺗ نوآ رد و هدﺮﮐ سﺮ 40
ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
ﺎـﺗ داﺮﮕ
ﺳر ﯿ ﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نزو ﻪﺑ نﺪ .
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﺎـﻣد رد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻦ ي
20 -
ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
رﺎـﺗ رد داﺮﮕ ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ راﺪـﻬﮕﻧ ي ﺪـﺷ ] 7 و 14 .[
ا رد ـﯾ ﻦ
ﺎﻣد شور )
75 - 90 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
داﺮﮕ ( جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا نﺎﻣز ، )
60 - 90
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ( و ) pH 5/
1 ﺎﺗ 2 ( رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺮـﻈﻧ رد ﻞﻘﺘﺴـﻣ
ﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮ .
2 - 3 - هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
ﺘﮑﭘ هدزﺎﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿ
ﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻢ ﯿ
هﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦ
ﻟوا ﮏﺸﺧ هدﺎﻣ راﺪﻘﻣﺮﺑ ﯽ
ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ]
15 :[
= جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
100
× ﺘﮑﭘ هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ﯿ
ﻦ
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ردﻮﭘ نزو
2 - 4 - ﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺟرد ﯾﻔ
ﯿ ﺳﺎﮑ ﯿ نﻮ
20 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﮔ ﯿ
ﺳو ﻪﺑ ار ﻦ ﯿ
ﺪﺷ بﻮﻃﺮﻣ لﻮﻧﺎﺗا ﻪﻠ .
رد ﺲﭙﺳ 20
ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ رد ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮﺘ 80
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
ﻪﺑ داﺮﮕ
تﺪﻣ 1 ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ .
5 ﺌﻟﺎﺘﻓ ﻞﻨﻓ فﺮﻌﻣ هﺮﻄﻗ ﯿ
ﻪﺑ ﻦ
دﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ و هدﺮﮐ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ 5/
0 ﺗ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﯿ دﺮﮔ ﺮﺘ ﯾ ﺪ ) V1
.(
ﺲﭙﺳ 10 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ دﻮﺳ ﺮﺘ 5/
0 ﻫ ﺖﻬﺟ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﯿ
ﻟورﺪ ﯿ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا
. ﺎﻣ ﻦﻟرا برد ﯾ
ور و ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺮ ي
ﻠﭘ تﺎﻫ ﯿ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖ
2 ﺎﻣد رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ي
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ندﺰﻤﻫ قﺎﺗا .
،ﺲﭙﺳ 10 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ -
ﻟﯿ ﺳا ﺮﺘ ﯿ ﺮﻠﮐ ﺪ ﯾ رﺪ ﯾ ﮏ 5/
0 ﺗ و هدﺮﮐ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﮓﻧر رﻮﻬﻇ ﺎ
ﺗرﻮﺻ ﯽ دﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ 5/
0 لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ) V2
( ﺗﯿ ﺳاﺮﺘ ﯿ ﻪﻣادا نﻮ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﻪﺟرد
ﺮﺘﺳا ﯾﻔ ﯿ ﺳﺎﮑ ﯿ ز ﻪﻄﺑار زا نﻮ ﯾ
ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺮ ]
16 .[
DE=V2 / V2+ V1 × 100
2 - 5 - اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ ﯿ
ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺪ
1 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا ﺮﺘ ﯿ
ﻦ ) 100 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟ ﯿ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮﺘ /
10
ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ مﺮﮔ ﯿ ﻦ ( ﺎﺑ 6 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ ﯿ
رﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﺪ ﯾ ﻠﻏ ﮏ ﯿ ﻆ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ و هﺪﺷ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ 20
ﻗد ﯿ ﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﻘ .
،ﺲﭙﺳ
200 ﻣ ﯿ ﻟوﺮﮑ ﯿ لوزﻮﺑرﺎﮐ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ 1/
0 ) % لﻮﻧﺎﺗا لﻼﺣ رد (
اﺮﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ي
ﺳر ﯿ ﺗرﻮﺻ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ نﺪ ﯽ
2 ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺪﺷ هداد . ﻤﺗا بﺬﺟ ﯽ رد 520 ﺳو ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﯿ
ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻓوﺮﺘﮑﭙﺳا ﻪﻠ
ﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖ . ﻣﯿ ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ ناﺰ ﯿ
ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا ﺪ
ﻧورﻮﺘﮐﻻﺎﮔ ﯿ
ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺪ ) 0 - 200 ﻣ ﯿ ﻣ ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔوﺮﮑ ﯿﻠ
ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ ( و ﺖﺋاﺮﻗ
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ mg/gr)
ﺑ ﯿ( دﺮﮔ نﺎ ﯾﺪ ] 17 .[
2 - 6 - لدﺎﻌﻣ نزو
35/
0 ﺘﮑﭘ مﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺎﺑ ﻦ 100 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ رد و طﻮـﻠﺨﻣ ﺮـﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮـﺘ 25
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮕ 2
ندوﺰﻓا زا ﺲﭘ و ،هدﺰﻤﻫ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 1
مﺮﮔ ﺎـﺑ NaCl 1NaOH /0
ﻞـﻨﻓ فﺮـﻌﻣ رﻮﻀـﺣ رد لﺎـﻣﺮﻧ
ﺌﻟﺎﺘﻓ ﯿ ﻦ ) 5 هﺮﻄﻗ ( ﺗﯿ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘ . ز ﻪﻄﺑار زا لدﺎﻌﻣ نزو ـﯾ
ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮ
ﺪﺷ ] 17 .[
Eq.W=
ﺘﮑﭘ نزو مﺮﮔ ﯿ
ﻦ × 1000
ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟ ﯿ ﻓﺮﺼﻣ دﻮﺳ ﺮﺘ ﯽ
× ﻟﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﯿ ﻓﺮﺼﻣ دﻮﺳ ﻪﺘ
ﯽ
2 - 7 - اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣ ﯿ ﻞ (%)
ــﺳو ﻪــﺑ ﯿ ــﺜﻨﺧ لﻮــﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﻠ ﯽ
ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ شور زا ﻞــﺻﺎﺣ Eq.W
ﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ .
ﺜﻨﺧ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﺎﺑ 25 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ 25
/0 رﻻﻮـﻣ
اﺮــﺑ و هﺪــﺷ طﻮــﻠﺨﻣ NaOH ي
30 ﻗد ﯿ ﺎــﻣد رد ﻪــﻘ ي
قﺎــﺗا
ﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا .
ﺲﭙﺳ ، 25 ﻣ ﯿ ـﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ﺮـﺘ 25
/0 رﻻﻮـﻣ
ﺎﺑ و هدﺮﮐ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا HCL 1NaOH
/0 ﺗ رﻻﻮﻣ ﯿ دﺮﮔ ﺮﺘ ﯾﺪ . راﺪـﻘﻣ
ﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣ ﯿ ز ﻪﻄﺑار زا ﻞ ﯾ
ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺮ ]
17 .[
= اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣ ﯿ ﻞ
1,3 × ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﻟ ﯿ ﻓﺮﺼﻣ دﻮﺳ ﺮﺘ ﯽ
× ﻟﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﯿ ﻓﺮﺼﻣ دﻮﺳ ﻪﺘ ﯽ
ﺘﮑﭘ نزو مﺮﮔ ﯿ
ﻦ
3. Equivalent weight
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-04 ]
2 - 8 - ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺎﭘ و ﺖ ﯾ راﺪ ي ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ ﺎﻔ ﯾﺮ ي
ﺴﻟﻮﻣا رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯿ
ﺎﻔ ﯾﺮ ي : اﺮﺑ ي Emulsifying activity )
(EA
و Emulsion stability )
(ES ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ ﻬﺗ بآ رد ﻦﻏور نﻮ ﯿ
ﻪ
دﺮﮔ ﯾﺪ : اﺮﺑ ي ا ـﯾ شور ﻦ 5 ﻣ ﯿ ـﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﻪـﺑ نادﺮﮕﺑﺎـﺘﻓآ ﻦـﻏور ﺮـﺘ 5
ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ 5
% ﺑآ ﯽ ) 5/
0 % ﻧزو ﯽ / ﻧزو ﯽ ( هاﺮـﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ 02
/0 %
ﺪﺳ ﯾ ازآ ﻢ ﯾ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪ .
ﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ﯿ
ﺶ
ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ ﺳو ﻪﺑ نﻮ ﯿ ﺎﻧژﻮﻤﻫ ﻪﻠ ﯾ رﺰ 10000g اﺮـﺑ ي تﺪـﻣ 4 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪـﻘ
رد ﺲﭙــﺳ و هﺪــﺷ طﻮــﻠﺨﻣ 400RPM
تﺪــﻣ ﻪــﺑ 5
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪــﻘ
ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯾﻔ ﯿ ﺪﺷ ژﻮ . ز ﻪﻄﺑار زا ﯾ ﻣ ﺮ ﯿ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰ ﯿ ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﺖ ﯿ ﺎﻔ ﯾﺮ ي ﻌﺗ ـﯿ ﯿ ﻦ
دﺮﮔ ﯾﺪ ] 15 .[
Emulsion Activity%=
100
× ) ﻻ ﻢﺠﺣ ﯾ ﻪ ي ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ نﻮ ( LV E
) ﻻ ﻢﺠﺣ ﯾ ﻪ ي ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ( TVS
اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﭘ ﯾ راﺪ ي ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ ﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ شور زا نﻮ ﯽ
دﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯾﺪ
. ﺲـﭘ
زا 1 و 30 راﺪﻬﮕﻧ زور ي
ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ ﺎﻣد رد نﻮ ي و قﺎﺗا ﯾ لﺎﭽﺨ ) ﻪﺑ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ 25 و 4 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
داﺮﮕ ( ز شور ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮ ]
15 .[
Emulsion Stability%=
100
× ) ﻗﺎﺑ ﻢﺠﺣ ﯿ ﻻ هﺪﻧﺎﻤ ﯾ ﻪ ي ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ نﻮ ( REL
) ﻟوا ﻢﺠﺣ ﯿ ﻻ ﻪ ﯾ ﻪ ي ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ نﻮ ( IEL
2 - 9 - ﻓﺮﻇ ـــﯿ راﺪـــﻬﮕﻧ ﺖ ي
بآ ) ( WHC و
ﻓﺮﻇ ﯿ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖ ي
ﻦﻏور ) ( OHC
1 ﺘﮑﭘ مﺮﮔ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻦ 10 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮﺘ ﯾ
نادﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓآ ﻦﻏور ﺎ )
ﺎـﺑ
ﻟﺎﮕﭼ ﯽ 9 /0 ﻣ ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ ( تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا 1
ﻗد ﯿ تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ و هدﺰـﻤﻫ ﻪﻘ 30
ﻗد ﯿ رد ﻪـﻘ 3000
× ﺮﺘﻧﺎـﺳ g ﯾﻔ ﯿ ژﻮ
دﺮﮔ ﯾﺪ . ور ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﯾ ﯽ ز ﺖﻤﺴﻗ و فﺬﺣ ﯾﺮ
ﯾ ﺪﺷ نزو ﻦ .
WHC
ﯾ ﺎ بآ مﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ OHC ﯾ
ـﺳو ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﻦﻏور ﺎ ﯿ
ﻪﻠ 1 مﺮـﮔ
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻣ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻪﮕﻧ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺑ دﻮﺷ ﯿ دﺮﮔ نﺎ ﯾﺪ ] 15 .[
2 - 10 - ــﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽ ﺎــﻣزآ ﯾ ﺰﺠﺗ و ﺶ ــﯾ
ﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪ ــﯿ ﻞ
رﺎﻣآ ي
ﺢﻄﺳ شور -
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ) (RSM ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ شور زا يا و يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ
ﻪـﮐ ﯽﻠﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ و ندﺮﮐ لﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﯽﺿﺎﯾر
رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ نآ رد ﻣ ﯽ دور . ﺶﯾﺎـﻣزآ داﺪـﻌﺗ ،يرﺎﻣآ حﺮﻃ ﻦﯾا ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺎـﻫ
ﺘﻣ ﺮـﺛا و مود ﻪـﺟرد نﻮﯿـﺳﺮﮔر لﺪﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻞـﺑﺎﻘ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ دروآﺮﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ،ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ .
ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻖـﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦـﯾا ﻪﻟﺄﺴـﻣ ﻦﯾﺮـﺗ
رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ و ﯽﻠﺻا رﺎﺛآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يرﺎﻣآ حﺮﻃ ور ﻦﯾا زا ،دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺢﻄﺳ - ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ .
رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﺎـﻣﻮﻤﻋ RSM
ﯽﻣ مود ﻪﺟرد ﻪﻄﺑار ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
] 2 .[
ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮــﺑ ﻪــﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﺖــﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎــﯾ ﺖــﻬﺟ ،ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄــﺳ شور دروآﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ﺖﺳاﺮﺟا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ .
طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد
ﺦـﺳﺎﭘ يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ )
ﻪﺘﺴـﺑاو ( نﺎﻣﺪـﻧار
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا (%) ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ا ي ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﯾز مود ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ :
قﻮﻓ ﮥﻟدﺎﻌﻣ رد ﻪﮐ yk
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﭘ ﯿ ﺑ ﺶ ﯿﻨ ﯽ ،هﺪﺷ Xi يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ
راﺬﮔ ﺪﮐ ي ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ هﺪﺷ )
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ( ، ﻐﺘﻣ داﺪـﻌﺗ κ ﯿ
،ﺎـﻫﺮ
0β لﺪﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ،
jβ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ،
jjβ ﻪـﺟرد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎـﭘ ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ
مود و
ijβ ﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﯽ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ زاβ
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺪـﻧﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ًﺎﺘﯾﺎﻬﻧ و
. شزاﺮـﺑ
ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ و ﺦﺳﺎﭘ حﻮﻄﺳ ﯾﺑﺎ
ﯽ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
ﻦﯾاﺰــﯾد - ﻪﺨﺴــﻧ تﺮﭙﺴــﮐا 7
ﺲﻧﺎــﯾراو ﻪــﯾﺰﺠﺗ و ،ﺪــﺷ مﺎــﺠﻧا
) ANOVA (
لﺪﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ يور راﺰـﻓا مﺮـﻧ ﻦـﯾا ﺎﺑ مود ﻪﺟرد
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ شور ﻪﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا
ﮐﺮﻣ ﺐﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ،ﺢﻄﺳ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ يﺰ
ﯾ ﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎ . ﻪـﺳ رد رﻮﺘﮐﺎـﻓ ﺮـﻫ
ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ )
1 - ، 0 ، 1 (+
يرﻮـﺤﻣ ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ ود ، )
و+α (-α و
ﺶﯾﺎـﻣزآ يﺎـﻄﺧ ﻦﯿـﻤﺨﺗ و ياﺮﺑ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ رد راﺮﮑﺗ ﺶﺷ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ )
لوﺪـﺟ 2 .(
يﺰـﮐﺮﻣ ﺐـﻌﮑﻣ حﺮـﻃ رد 20
ﺪـﺣاو
ﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ )
لوﺪﺟ 5 ( ] 2 .[
لﺪـﻣ ﻦـﯾا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺧآ
اﺮﮔ ﻪﺋارا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ،يرﺎﻣآ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و لﺪﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﯽﮑﯿﻓ
رﻮـﺘﻨﮐ و ﺦـﺳﺎﭘ ﻪـﯾور رادﻮـﻤﻧ ﻪﻠﯿـﺳو ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ مﺎـﺠﻧا 4
ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ .
4. Contour
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-04 ]
Table 2 Experimental scope of the design used in Design Expert software
Levels
Factor Unit
Code -1
0 +1
Tempreture oC
X1 75
82.5 90
Time min
X2 60
75 90
pH -
X3 1.5
1.75 2
Table 3 Pectin extraction process conditions for traditional extraction method by Design Expert software with variable response values (efficiency)
Variables Response
Variables Response
Time Run Temprature
pH Efficiency Time Run
Temprature pH
Efficiency
1 75
82.5 1.75
6.33 11
75 82.5
1.75 6.34
2 60
82.5 1.75
5.5 12
75 82.5
2 5.83
60 3 90
1.5 13 6
75 82.5
1.5 6.67
90 4 75
2 14 5.5
60 75
1.5 6.67
5 60
75 2
5.17 15
75 82.5
1.75 6.34
75 6 90
1.75 6.83
60 16 90
2 6.17
75 7 75
1.75 5.67
90 17 75
1.5 7.17
8 75
82.5 1.75
6.17 18
75 82.5
1.75 6.5
90 9 90
2 8.17
90 19 82.5
1.75 7
10 90
90 1.5
8.83 20
75 82.5
1.75 6.5
3 - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞ
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺐﮐﺮﻣ حﺮﻃ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﯾ
ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﺎ ﯿ
ﺘﻨﺳ شور ﻪﺑ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞ lack of fits لﺪـﻣ
ﺎـﻫ ي و ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ
لﺪﻣ نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺪﻨﭼ يﺎﻫ
لوﺪﺟ رد مود ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ يا
4 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ .
Table 4 Lack of fits for different models and regression coefficients of second order polynomial models
Pred R2 Adj R2
R2 P-value P>F F value
Mean squraes df
sum of squares Source
0.80 0.93
0.96 0.0015
22.47 0.35
11 3.89
Linear
0.78 0.91
0.93 0.0235
6.96 0.11
8 0.88
2FI
0.84 0.95
0.97 0.1056
3.34 0.053
5 0.26
Quadratic
0.82 0.93
0.94 0.0158
12.84 0.20
1 0.20
Cubic
- -
0.016 5
0.079 Pure Error
3 - 1 - ﺛﺄــﺗ ﯿ ﻐﺘﻣ ﺮ ﯿ ﺎــﻫﺮ ي نﺎﻣﺪــﻧار ﺮــﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴــﻣ
ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﺘﻨﺳ شور رد ﻦ ﯽ
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﺑ بآ غاد ) 60°C - 100 ( ﺳا ﯿ يﺪ هﺪـﺷ ﺎـﺑ ـﯾ ﮏ ـﺳا ﯿ ﺪ
ﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﯽ ) ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ رﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﯾ
،ﮏ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﯾ
،ﮏ ﻧﯿ ﺮﺘ ﯾ و ﮏ ﻫﯿ ﺮﻠﮐورﺪ ﯾ ﮏ (
ﻪﮐ نآ pH ﻪﺑ 3 - 1/
3 هﺪﻧﺎﺳر هﺪﺷ ﺖـﺳا رد تﺪـﻣ 5/
0 ﺎـﺗ 6
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . اﺰـﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ و جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا نﺎـﻣز و ﺎـﻣد ﺶ
ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ي ﺤﻣ نﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ ﯿ
ﻂ ) ﺎﭘ pH ﯾﯿ ﻦ ﺮﺗ ( اﺰﻓا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﯾ
ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪـﺑﺎ .
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺎﻣد رد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻦ ي
90 نﺎـﻣز تﺪﻣ ،ﻪﺟرد 90
ﻗد ﯿ رد و ﻪﻘ 5pH /1 ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ )
لوﺪﺟ 3 .(
Table 5 Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) quadratic response level model for traditional extraction efficiency
P-Value F-Value
Average squares df
sum of squares Source
< 0.0001 47.77
2.32 6
13.9 Model
< 0.0001 41.75
2.03 1
2.03 A-pH
< 0.0001 70.15
3.40 1
3.40 B-Temp
< 0.0001 105.89
5.14 1
5.14 C-Time
< 0.0001 18.33
0.89 1
0.89 AB
0.0009 41.23
2 1
2 BC
< 0.0001 9.28
0.45 1
0.45 A2
0.049 13
0.63 Remaining
2.32 19
14.53 Pure error
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-04 ]
لوﺪﺟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ 5
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﯾ شزاﺮـﺑ لﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ شزاﺮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ،
) ﻪــﻠﻤﺟ ﺪــﻨﭼ مود ﻪــﺟرد يا
( ﯽــﻨﻌﻣ ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ ﺮــﺑ ــﻣ راد
ﯽ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
) 0001 /0
<
.(p ﺮﯾدﺎـﻘﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ R2
لوﺪـﺟ رد جرﺪـﻨﻣ 4
لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺪـﻨﭼ لﺪﻣ ؛ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ناﻮﺗ ﻪـﺟرد يا
هداد شزاﺮﺑ رد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺖﺳا يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ياراد مود ناﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﯽـﻣ اراد ار يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ ﻦ Lack of fit
د راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ،ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﯾ
اﺰ ﯾ لﺪﻣ تﺮﭙﺴﮐا ﻦ quadratic
ﭘ ار ﯿ دﺎﻬﻨﺸ
ﺖﺳا هداد . ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ 5
ياﺮـﺑ ﻪﺘـﺳﺎﮐ مود ﻪـﺟرد لﺪﻣ ،
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار دﻮﺑ راد
) 005 /0
<
.(p يﻻﺎﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ
R2 ﯽـﻣ ﯽـﻨﯿﺑ ﺶﯿـﭘ رد لﺪـﻣ يﻻﺎﺑ ترﺪﻗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ .
ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄـﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎـﯿﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ راد
) 005 /0
<
(p
،نﺎﻣز جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هدزﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و pH
دﻮـﺑ . ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ رﺎـﺛآ نﺎـﯿﻣ زا
زا هدزﺎـﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ مأﻮﺗ ﯽﻄﺧ ﻪﻄﺑار دﻮﺟو هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ راد
ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻦﯿﺑ ي
دﻮﺑ هدزﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ .
نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺮﺛا -pH
نﺎﻣز رد ﺎﻣد 75
ﻗد ﯿ رد جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا هدزﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻘ
ﻞﮑﺷ 2A ﺮﺛا و نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ pH ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻣد رد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣز –
5/
82 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﻞﮑـﺷ رد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هدزﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ داﺮﮔ
2B نﺎﺸـﻧ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد .
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﯾ
زا ﺎﻣد ﺶ 75
ﺎﺗ 90 ﻪﺟرد
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ةدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﯽﻄﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ هدزﺎﺑ داﺮﮔ
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ؛ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺮﯾﺎـﺳ ندﻮـﻤﻧ ظﺎـﺤﻟ نوﺪـﺑ ،هدزﺎـﺑ ﺮﺑ pH
ﻣ ﺮﻘﺗ ،ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘ ﯾ
ﻄﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺒ ﯽ
ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ هدزﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،pH ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ و ﺪـﺑﺎ راد
ﯽﻄﺧ ﺮﺛا ندﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا نآ ﺪﯾﺆﻣ pH
. زﯾ رﺎ ي نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2010 ( ،
ﺣﺎﺒﺼﻣ ﯽ نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و )
2005 ( نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و ﺎـﻧرﺎﮔ ، )
2007 ( و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﮔﺎﭘ )
2001 ( ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﮐ شراﺰﮔ ار ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺞ ﺪـﻧدﺮ
] 16 .[
ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﺘﮑﭘﻮﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪ ﯿ
ﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
رد ﺐ ـﺳا pH
ﯿ ﺪ ي و ﺮـﺗ
ﺎﻣد ي ﻟد ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﯿ ﻠﺻا ﻞ ﯽ ا ﯾ ﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ اﺰـﻓا ﺎـﺑ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺶ
زا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣز 60
ﺎﺗ 90 ﻗد ﯿ ﻧ ﻪﻘ ـﯿ ـﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا هدزﺎـﺑ ﺰ ﯿ
ﻦ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ .
ﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﯿ ز ﻦ ﯾ دﺎ ي ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯾ رد نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﭘﺎ 2007
] 18 [ او ، ي و
د نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ر
2010 ] 19 [ رد نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﭼ و 2013
] 20 [ ﺎﻣد
ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﯾ
ـﮑ ﯽ ﺎـﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ زا ي
ﮐﺮﺗ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا رد ﻢـﻬﻣ ﯿ
تﺎـﺒ
ﻠﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽ رﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯾﺪ ي ﻈﻧ ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ ﺮ ﯿ هدﺮـﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﻦ ﺪـﻧا
. ﻪـﭼﺮﮔا
ﺎﻫﺎﻣد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ي
زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ 90
اﺰـﻓا ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻪـﺟرد ﯾ
ﺶ
ﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﯽ
ﻟﺪﺑ ﺎﻣا ددﺮﮔ ﯿ
ﺮﺨﺗ ﻞ ﯾ ـﺗراﺮﺣ ﺐ ﯽ
ـﺑ ﯿ ﺶ زا
ﺘﮑﭘ ﺪﺣ ﯿ ا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦ ﯾ
ﺻﻮﺗ ﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﻦ ﯿ
ﻤﻧ ﻪ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ] 19 .[
اﺰﻓا
ﯾ ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هدزﺎﺑ ﺶ ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯾ ﻟد ﻪـﺑ ﻻﺎـﻤﺘﺣا ﺎـﻣد ﺶ ـﯿ
ﻞ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻟﻼﺣ ﺶ ﯿ ا ﺖ ـﯾ ـﻠﭘ ﻦ ﯽ رﺎﮐﺎـﺳ ﯾ نآ لﺎـﺒﻧد ﻪـﺑ و لﻼـﺣ رد ﺪ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ تارذ زا نآ مﺮﺟ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺶ ﯿ
لﻼـﺣ ﻞـﺧاد ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﺐ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 21 .[
ﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﯽ هدزﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ـﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
ﯿ رد ﻦ
ﺎﻫ pH ي ﺎﭘ ﯾﯿ ﻦ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯿ
ﺳا ﺮ ﯿ د ﺮﺑ ﺪ ـﯾ ﻟﻮﻠـﺳ هراﻮ ﯽ
هدﺎـﻣ
ﻟوا ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﯿ زﺎﺳ دازآ و ﻪ ي
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻣ لﻼﺣ رد ﻦ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪـﭼﺮﻫ اﺬـﻟ
ﺎﭘ هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا pH ﯾﯿ
ﻦ ﺮﺨﺗ هﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ ﯾ
د ﺐ ﯾ ﻟﻮﻠﺳ هراﻮ ﯽ ﺑ ﯿ و ﺮﺘﺸ
ﻣﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ناﺰ ﯿ
ﻧ ﻦ ﯿ ﺑ ﺰ ﯿ ﻣ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ] 22 .[
Fig 2 A 3D graph display; Simultaneous effect of pH and temperature on extraction efficiency in
traditional method
Fig 2 B 3D graph display; Simultaneous effect of pH and extraction time on extraction efficiency in
traditional method
2 - 3 - نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي ﻓ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ﺷ ﻮﮑ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯾ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻦ
لوﺪﺟ رد 6
و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻬﺑ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد هﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦ ﯿ
ﻪـﻨ
ﺘﻨﺳ شور ﯽ آ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدرو .
ﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯿ ﺎـﻣد و نﺎـﻣز ﺮ ي
ﺮـﺑ ﻻﺎـﺑ
ﮐﯿ ﻔﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ ﺖ ﯿ اﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦ دﻮﺑ دﻮﻬﺸﻣ هﺪﺷ ج .
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-04 ]
Table 6 Properties of pectin extracted in the traditional method
Emulsification stability 1 Day 30 Day
T(°C)
Time (min)
pH
Efficiency (%)
Degree of Esterification
GLA
Eq.W
Metoxyl Content
Emulsification activity 4
(°C) 24
(°C) 4
(°C) 24
WHC (°C)
90 90
1.5 8.83 58.73 54
909 7.9
48.8 92.1
89.75 89.5
86.9 4
3 - 3 - ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ
ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ )
ﻦﯾاﺰﯾد راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ تﺮﭙﺴﮐا 7
( ﺪﻨﭼ ، ﯾ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻦ
هداد ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﯿ
ﺘﻨﺳ شور ﻪﺑ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا . لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ي ﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
ﻤﻫا ﻪﺟرد ﯿ ﺖ 3 ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯿ
رد ﻦ
يﺎﻣد 31 / 82 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
نﺎﻣز ،داﺮﮕ 07
/ 72 ﻗد ﯿ و ﻪﻘ 2pH ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
. ﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ار ﻞﻘ
ﺑ فﺪﻫ ﯿ ﺸ ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﯾ ﻤﮐ ﺎ ﯿ ﻦﯾا رد و دﺮﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻨ
اﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي
ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ،جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ يا
و ﺎﻣد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻤﮐ و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺑ و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نﺎﻣز ﯿ
ﺸ ﯿ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻨ ) pH
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯾ
ﺳآ ﻦ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﺐ
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﺟاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦ ﯽ
( ﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓ
. لوﺪﺟ 7 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي
ﭘﯿ دﺎﻬﻨﺸ ي ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽ ﺪﻫد .
Table 7 Results of optimization of pectin extraction by traditional method with response surface method (RSM)
R pH Tempreture Time
Efficiency Degree of
desirability
1 2 82.31
72.07 6.00624
0.805
2 2 82.22
72.12 5.99856
0.805
3 2 82.38
71.77 5.9991
0.805
4 2 82.13
72.33 5.99764
0.805
5 2 82.22
71.67 5.97781
0.805
6 2 82.79
71.80 5.04515
0.805
7 2 82.80
70.84 5.99959
0.815
8 1.67 75
60 5.81751
0.823
9 1.66 75
60 5.82926
0.875
4 - ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﮔ ﻪﺠ ﯿﺮ ي
اﺮــﺑ ي ــﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘــﺳا ﯿ
ﮔ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ زا ﻦ ــﯿ
ﻫﺎ ﯽ ﻪــﺑ ، ﺘﻨــﺳ رﻮــﻃ ﯽ
زا
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ـﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ي ) ﻪـﺑ ﻠﮐرﻮـﻃ ﯽ ـﺳا ﯿ ﺮﻠﮐ ﺪ ـﯾ رﺪ ﯾ ﮏ ( هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا
ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ي ﻠﻤﻋ ﯿ ﺗﺎ ﯽ آﺮﻓ رد ﯾ ﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺪﻨ ﯿ
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻦ
،نﺎﻣز ﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻣد و pH
ﯿ ﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ تاﺮ ﯽ
ﮐ و دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﯿﻔ
ﯿ ﺘﮑﭘ ﺖ ﯿ زا ﻦ
ﮐ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﻤﮐ و ﯽ ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد .
ـﺑ زا ﯿ مﺎـﻤﺗ رد نﺎـﻣز ،ﺎـﻬﻧآ ﻦ
ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾ ﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪ ﯿ ﻞ ﻮﻗ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺮ .
رﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻠﮐ ﯽ اﺰﻓا ، ﯾ اﺰـﻓا ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯾ
ـﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا دﺮـﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶ ﯿ
ﻦ
دﺮﮔ ﯾﺪ . اﺰـﻓا ﯾ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ و ﺎـﻣد ﺶ ﻧ pH
ـﯿ ﺛﺄـﺗ ﺰ ﯿ ـﻨﻌﻣ ﺮ ﯽ راد ي ﺮـﺑ
ﺘﮑﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯿ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻦ .ﺑ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ـﺘﮑﭘ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻦ ﯿ
ﺪـﺷ رد ﻦ ﯾ
ﺮﺗﺪ ﯾ ﻦ
اﺮﺷ ﯾ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻂ )
ﺎﻣد ي 90 ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
نﺎـﻣز تﺪـﻣ ،داﺮﮕ 90
ﻗد ﯿ و ﻪﻘ 5pH /1 ( ﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳﺪﺑ .
ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ـﻣ ﻦ ﯽ ﻐﺗ ﺎـﺑ ناﻮـﺗ ﯿ
ـﯿ ﺮ
ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ي روآﺮـﻓ ي ـﺘﮑﭘ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﯿ
نﺎﻣﺪـﻧار ،ﻦ و ﺎـﻫ
ﮐﯿ ﻔﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﮑﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯿ
دروآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ار ﻦ .
اﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ﯾ ـﻣ ،ﻦ ﯽ ناﻮـﺗ
اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻠﻤﻋ ﻂ ﯿ ﺗﺎ ﯽ ﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯿ
و زﺎ ﻌﻗا ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯿ
ﻦ دﺮﮐ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ار
. ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ﺷﻮﮑ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯾ ﯽ ﻧ ـﯿ نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺰ
ــﺘﮑﭘ ﻪــﮐ داد ﯿ
ــﺳ ﻪــﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ،ﺐ ــﯿ
ﺴـــﻟﻮﻣا ﺖ ﯿ
ﺎﻔ ﯾ و يﺮ
ﺎﭘﯾ ﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺪ ﯽ ﺴﺑ ﯿ ﺑﻮﺧ رﺎ ﯽ ﺘﻧ رد ،ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯿ
ا ﻪﺠ ـﯾ عﻮـﻧ ﻦ
ﺘﮑﭘ ﯿ ﻣ ﻦ ﯽ ـﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺴـﻟﻮﻣا تﻻﻮﺼـﺤﻣ عاﻮـﻧا نﻮ ﯿ
ﻧﻮ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯿ
ـﯿ اﺮـﺷ ﺮ ﯾ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا ﻂ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺘﮑﭘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﯿ
و ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻓ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ﺷﻮﮑ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯾ ﯽ ﺖـﺳد
ﯾ ﺖـﻓﺎ . ــﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ـﺘﮑﭘ ،ﻦ ﯿ ﺘﻨــﺳ شور ﻪـﺑ ﻞــﺻﺎﺣ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ــﯿ ﺖ
ﺴﻟﻮﻣا ﯿ ﺎﻔ ﯾ ﺎﭘ و يﺮ ﯾ ﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺪ ﯽ ﺴﺑ ﯿ ﺑﻮﺧ رﺎ ﯽ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ
ﻣ ﯽ ـﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺴـﻟﻮﻣا تﻻﻮﺼـﺤﻣ عاﻮـﻧا نﻮ ﯿ
ﻧﻮ ﯽ درﻮـﻣ
ﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯿ
دﺮ .
5
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