ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ

(1)

ﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

113

ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﺑﺮﻋ ﻰﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﺓژﺍﻭ» .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻰﺑﺮﻋ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﻞﻌﻔﺗ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ^civitas ﻭ ^civis ﻦﻴﺗﻻ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻰﻠﺻﺍ ﺔﺸﻳﺭ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ civilization

ﺮﺗ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻯﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ civilization .ﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﻴﻧﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﻩژﺍﻭ ،ﺮﺗ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﺗ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻯﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ (ﺮﻬﺷ)

1 . «ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺸﻧﺮﻬﺷ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺘﺴﻳﺯ ﻯﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻯﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻯﺩﺎﻣ ﻯﺎﻫﺩﺭﻭﺎﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻯﻭ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻴﻜﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻕﻼﻃﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ

ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ﺔﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ (ﻡ1600) ﺖﻨﻄﻠﺳ ﺖﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺱﻮﻠﺟ ﻢﻫﺩﺯﺎﻳ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ﺔﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺔﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ .ﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻙﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻥﺎﻜﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺕﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻭﺩ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺕﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻕ 1012ـ1011 /ﻡ1605 ـ 1604 ﻰﻛﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺔﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺶﺷ ﺎﻳ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺳﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ﺔﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﭼ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﻫﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻰﺸﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ

.ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ

.ﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻒﺠﻧ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،ﻰﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ * .10ﺹ ،(1390،؟،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ) ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻰﻧﺎﺒﻣ ،ﮓﻧﺭﺫﺁ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ .1

ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ

*ﻰﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻰﺑﺍﺮﻋﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﻮﻜﺷ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ

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114 ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻔﺻﺎﺑ ﺔﻣﻮﺣ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻰﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ

.ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ،ﺰﺒﺳﺮﺳ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻍﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻯﺎﻫﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ¹،ﺪﻧﻻﺩ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﻩﺭﺪﻧﺁ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ

2.ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺰﻴﻛﺎﭘ ﻰﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﻮﺣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ،ﻯﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺡﺎﻴﺳ ³،ﻮﻧﻮﺗ ﻥﺍژ ﺔﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻤﺗﻭﺮﺛ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ

⁴ .ﺖﺳﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﻮﺣ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺰﺒﺳﺮﺳ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻍﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ⁵ﻯﺭﺭﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﻤﺟ ﻮﻜﺴﭽﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﻮﺟ ﻯﻮﺟ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻨﭼ ﻩﺩﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﭼﻮﻛ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺭﺩ . ...ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻰﻣ ﻰﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﻥﻮﭼ

6.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﺑﺁﺮﭘ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻯﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻯﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ⁷،ﻦﻳﻭﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺱﻮﻴﻠﻧﺮﻛ ﻭ ﻮﻠﺑﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺵﻮﻘﻨﻣ ،ﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﻻﺎﺗ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ» :ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻢﻴﻘﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺵﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺵﻭﺮﻔﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﻒﻛ ﻭ ﺰﻴﻤﺗ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺱﺍﺮﺗ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ

8.«ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺮﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻼﻃ ﺏﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺰﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻰﻟﺪﻨﺻ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ» .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ 3500 ﺎﺗ 3400 ﺮﺑ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ⁹ﻥﺩﺭﺎﺷ ﻩﻮﻜﺷﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮕﻧﺭﺯ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻰﺧﺮﺑ .ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﺘﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻠﺠﻣ ﻭ ﺏﻮﺧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ

10.«ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻰﺘﻨﻄﻠﺳ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺥﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﺼﻗ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻰﻟﺎﻋ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻰﻳﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻳﻮﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ» :ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ

1. André Daulier Deslandes

.67ﺹ ،(1347،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ)ﺎﺒﺻ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻰﻳﺎﺒﻳﺯ ،ﺪﻧﻻﺩ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﻩﺭﺪﻧﺁ .2 3. Jean Thevenot

4. Jean Thevenot,The Traveles of Mosieur de Thevenot into the Levant(London:s.n.,1687), p.79.

5. Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri

ﺮﻨﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻛ ﻩﺭﺍﺩﺍ :ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ) ﮓﻧﺭﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﻌﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺍﻮﺠﺨﻧ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻯﺭﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ،ﻯﺭﺭﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﻤﺟ ﻮﻜﺴﭽﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﻮﺟ .6 .99ﺹ ،(1348ﻰﻗﺮﺷ ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ 7. Cornelius de Bruyn

8.Cornelius de Brun,The traveles of Cornelius de Brun(London:s.n., 1737), p. 324.

9. Jean Chardin

.1569ﺹ ،2ﺝ ،(1372 ،ﺱﻮﻃ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ) ﻰﻳﺎﻤﻐﻳ ﻝﺎﺒﻗﺍ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻥﺩﺭﺎﺷ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ،ﻥﺩﺭﺎﺷ ﻥﺍژ .10

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ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﻐﻣ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻈﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ،ﻩﺰﺒﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺰﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻔﺻ ﻭ ﺍﻮﻫ

1.«... ﻭ ﻰﻟﺎﻋ ﻯﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻯﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻰﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻥﺪﻳﺩ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻰﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻰﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺮﻬﺷ .ﺪﺘﻔﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺒﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻨﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﺪﺼﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻜﻧ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﺪﺻ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ،ﻚﻧﺍﻭ ﻯﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻰﻧﺎﮕﻳﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻰﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻯﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ 24 ﻪﻳﻮﻔﺻ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻯﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﺔﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺴﺑ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻖﺣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﺩﺰﻴﺳ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ².ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺩ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ .ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻯﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ⁴.ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺪﻳﺩ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ³ﻪﻟﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺮﺘﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﺩﺰﻧﺎﺷ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺩﺰﻧﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ⁷ﻪﻴﻧﺭﻭﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭ⁶ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﺩﺯﺍﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ⁵ﺱﻮﻳﺭﺎﺌﻟﻭﺍ

11،ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﺩﺰﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ¹⁰ﺮﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺟ ⁹،ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﻻﺩ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺩ⁸.ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﺔﻌﻣﻮﺻ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻯﺎﺗ

.51ﺹ ،21 ﺵ، ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ،«ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ» ،ﻰﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻚﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻳﺪﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺪﻴﺣ .1 ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ :ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ) ﻰﻧﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻯﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺳﺎﻨﻴﻣ .گ ﻥﻮﺌﻟ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻯﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻫﻮﻫﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﺗﺭﺎﻫ .2 .154ﺹ ،(1379 ،ﺪﻴﺷﺭﻮﺧ 3. Pietro Della Valle

.ﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻡ1617 ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻳﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﺩﺮﮕﻧﺎﻬﺟ .442 ﺹ ،(1370 ،ﻰﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻰﻤﻠﻋ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ) ﺎﻔﺷ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻪﻟﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺮﺘﻴﭘ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ،ﻪﻟﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺮﺘﻴﭘ .4 5. Adam Olearius

ﻩﺎﺷ ـ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻚﻳﺭﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﻔﺳ ،ﻦﻳﺎﺘﺸﻟﻮﻫ ﻙﻭﺩ ﺮﻴﺑﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩ ﻰﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ،ﻥﺍﺩ ﻰﺿﺎﻳﺭ ،ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﻰﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﮕﻧ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻭﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ـ ﻰﻔﺻ .ﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻡ1654 ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺪﻌﺳ .614 ﺹ ،2ﺝ ،(1369 ،ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺮﺸﻧ:ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ) ﻪﭽﺑﺩﺮﻛ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﺱﻮﻳﺭﺎﺌﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺁ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ،ﺱﻮﻳﺭﺎﺌﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺁ .6 7. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier

ﻪﻳﻮﻔﺻ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻕﺮﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑ ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻯﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮕﻧﺎﻬﺟ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﻭ .408 ﺹ ،(1336 ،ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻲﺷﻭﺮﻓ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ :ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ) ﻱﺭﻮﻧ ﺏﺍﺮﺗﻮﺑﺍ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻪﻴﻧﺭﻭﺎﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ،ﻪﻴﻧﺭﻭﺎﺗ ﺖﺴﻴﺘﭘﺎﺑ ﻥﺍژ .8 .48 ﻭ 47ﺹ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻧﻻﺩ .9 10. John Fryer

11. John Fryer, A new account of East-India and Persia: in 8 letters being 9 years travels, begun 1672 and finished 1681(s.l.:s.n., 1967), p. 201.

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116 ﺱﻮﻴﻠﺋﺮﻛ ﻭ²ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ 22 ﻪﺑ ﻰﺘﻴﻠﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ¹،(ﺲﻛﺪﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺗﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ) ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻰﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺭﺎﺷ

3.ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻰﺳ ﺎﺗ 27 ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﻭﺮﺑﻭﺩ ﻖﻧﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻯﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻳﺁ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻰﻧﺍﺮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻰﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﻳﻮﻔﺻ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻰﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ،ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻯﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻯﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ 24 ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻪﻧ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻯﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻭﺩ ،ﻰﻔﺻ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻭﺩ ،ﻝﻭﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻯﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺯﺍ .ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻮﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻪﺳ ،ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﺤﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻯﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺔﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻯﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ

.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻯﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻰﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻥﺎﻜﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻯﺎﻤﻧﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻰﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻯﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻙﺪﻧﺍ ﻙﺪﻧﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻩﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻯﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻰﻔﺻ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻩﺩﺰﻧﺎﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻰﺳ ﻯﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻊﺑﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺮﮕﺘﻌﻨﺻ ،ﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﻯﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﻰﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﻴﻣ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺳﺎﻨﻴﻣ ﻥﻮﺌﻟ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ،ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺔﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﻰﺴﺗﺍﺭﺎﺴﻛ ﺭﻮﻃﺎﭼﺎﺧ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ،ﻰﺳﺎﺒﻋﺎﺿﺭ ،ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺵﺎﻘﻧ ،ﻰﺑﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻣ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ گﺮﺒﻨﺗﻮﮔ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺎﺷ

.1567ﺹ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻥﺩﺭﺎﺷ .1 2. A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries.(Lon- don: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1939), vol. 1, p. 644.

3. Cornelius de Bruyn, ibid. , p. 207.

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ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻰﻳﺍﺰﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻯﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻰﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻰﻠﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻰﺗﺎﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻰﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫ ،ﻰﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻯﺭﻮﺗﺍﺮﭙﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻰﻳﺍﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﺷ ﺯﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻯﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺎﺷ ،ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻢﺸﻳﺮﺑﺍ ﺔﺿﺮﻋ ،ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺓﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻰﻃ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻞﻳﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ¹(ﺩﺮﻛ ﺕﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﻝﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﻮﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻪﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺗ) ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻰﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻯﺪﻘﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺎﺷ ،ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻰﻣ ﺭﻮﻴﻟ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺔﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻣﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻰﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﺢﻣﺎﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻫﺎﺴﺗ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﺷﻮﻛ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﻣﺍﺭﺁ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻰﮕﻨﻳﺪﻘﻧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻰﻋﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻰﻌﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻦﻴﺑ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻭﺮﻘﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺔﻧﺍﺰﺧ ﺪﻳﺎﻋ ﺍﺭ ﻯﺭﺎﺷﺮﺳ ﺩﻮﺳ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻰﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺗ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻟﺍﺆﺳ

:ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺟ ﺭﺩ ؟ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﭼ ﻯﺩﻼﻴﻣ

ﺖﻬﺟ ﻰﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﻤﺠﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ .ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﻮﻨﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻰﻫﺎﮔﺁ ـ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻰﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،ﻰﺴﺘﻳﺎﻗﻮﺟ ﺖﻧﺎﺘﺴﮔ ﺔﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،ﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

250 ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻐﻟ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻐﻟ ﺕﺮﺜﻛ ﻯﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﺔﺘﻜﻧ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻍﺭﺎﻓ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ

.667ﺹ ،(1350،ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ :ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ؛ﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﺮﻴﻣﺍ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ) ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ،ﻰﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﻯﺍﺭﺁ ﻢﻟﺎﻋ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ،ﻥﺎﻤﻛﺮﺗ ﻚﻴﺑﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﺍ .1

(6)

118 :ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻰﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺭﺎﻛ .ﻰﺗﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻯﺎﻫﺮﻔﺳ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻰﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﻨﻗ ـ

¹.«ﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﻰﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺐﻴﺟ ﻪﺗ ﻝﻮﭘ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﺼﺘﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻊﻧﺎﻗ ﻯﺭﺪﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ»

.ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻰﺸﻴﻛ ﻢﻫ ـ ﺕﻭﺮﺛ ﺯﺍ ﻰﺸﺨﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻓﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﺋﺰﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ

².ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻚﻴﭼﺎﺧ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻢﺤﻠﻟﺍ ﺖﻴﺑ ﻯﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻰﺴﻛ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﺠﻴﻟﻭ ﺮﺴﭘ ،ﺱﺮﻄﭘ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻯﺮﻬﺷ ﺔﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻘﻧ ﻙﻮﻜﺴﻣ ﻝﻮﭘ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻞﻬﭼ ﻎﻠﺒﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﺷﺬﮔﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

³.ﺖﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻰﻗﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﺖﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺙﺎﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺮﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻼﻃ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺍﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻰﻗﻼﻴﻳ ،ﺱﺮﻄﭘ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﺓﻮﻧ .ﺩﻮﺑ ،ﺱﺮﻄﭘ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺴﭘ ،ﺱﻮﻐﺑ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻰﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﺮﺟﺎﺗ ﻰﻧﺎﭙﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻰﻓﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺕﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﺳﺍ ﺱﺮﻄﭘ ﺖﻴﺻﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻯﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﭘﻭﺭ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺪﺼﺘﻔﻫ ﺶﮔﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭﺍ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻯﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻰﻗﺮﺷ ﺪﻨﻫ ﻢﺤﻠﻟﺍ ﺖﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺪﺟ ﻯﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻳﻼﻃ ﻪﺒﻌﺟ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺶﺒﻠﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ .ﺪﺷ ﻰﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﮔﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭﺍ ﺔﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻓﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﺣﺎﻴﺳ ﺪﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺭ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ .ﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺮﮕﺷﺩﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺭ ﻖﻧﻭﺭ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻔﻠﺟ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺪﻳﺩ ﺎﻫﺎﺴﻴﻠﻛ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻯﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻯﺩﺎﻣ ﻰﺸﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻰﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻯﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻯﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻯﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ

.ﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ

.100ﺹ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻯﺭﺭﺎﻛ .1 .442 ﺹ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻪﻟﺍﻭﻻﺩ .2 .407 ﺹ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻪﻴﻧﺭﻭﺎﺗ .3