ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ

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(2)

ﻱﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﻂﺳﺍﻭﺍ ،ﻞﺻﻮﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ،ﻕﺎﻳﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ٨٥ : ١٣٧٢ ،ﭖﻮﭘ :ﺬﺧﺎﻣ ،ﻦﻳﻭ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ

(3)

۴۳

ﻩﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ -ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ

ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ

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ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ

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ﻲﺛﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺶﻨﻴﭼ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ «ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ» ﻱﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪــﺷ ﺮﻌﺷ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻄﻌﻨﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ،ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ،ﻞﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ .ﺪﻧﺪﻴﻨﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺁ ٰ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ـ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻥﺎﮔﮊﺍﻭ .ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ،ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﻮﻐﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺖﻧﻭﺎﻌﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ Email: [email protected] ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ،ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺓﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ

٩١/٢/٢ : ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ٩١/٨/٢٠ : ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﺵﻮﺨﺘﺳﺩ ،ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ،ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﮓﻧﺭ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﺥﺭ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺓﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺍﻮﻗﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻳﺮﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻳﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻤﺸﭼﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﺗﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻄﻋ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺓﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺔﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺷ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍﺯﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺔﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ،ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ؟ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺮﮔﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷﺩﺎﻳ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻥﺎﻫﻭﮋﭘﺮﻨﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ،ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺭﺩ ،^١ﺖﺴﮔ ﻡﺎﻬﻧﻭﺩ ﺲﻳﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺩﻼﻴﻣ ۱۹۴۶ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺩﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﻩﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﻫﺩ ﺓﺪﺳ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﺮﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ .(Guest, 1946: 26) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ .ﺕ .ﻝ ﻭ ،ﺱﻭﺭ ﻩﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﻨﻫ ،^٢ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ .ﺕ .ﺍ ،ﺖﺴﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ،ﻱﺩﻼﻴﻣ ۱۹۸۵ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺴﻨﻣﺭﺍ ﻩﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﻨﻫ ،^٣ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ،ﻕ۷۳۳ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺍ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺦﺴﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .(۷۸ :۱۳۸۲ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﻕﺩﺎﺻ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ۱۹۸۸ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﻭﺪﻬﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺍ .ﻡ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ

ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﻭﺪﻬﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻲﻳﻼﻃ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻲﺷﺍﻮﺣ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ .(Amin Mahdavi, 1988: 155) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﻭﺪﻬﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻱﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﮎﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺟﻭ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ـ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﻐﻠﺳ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻻﻮﻐﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻨﻄﻠﺳ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﮑﺑﺎﺗﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻫﺎﺸﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻃﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻱﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻌﺳ ﻦﺑﺮﮑﺑﻮﺑﺍ ،ﻕ۶۲۳ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻄﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﺮﮑﺑﻮﺑﺍ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺧﺭﺩ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻤﻈﻋ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺩﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﻻﻮﻐﻣ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ

1 . Guest 2 . Adamova 3 . Giuzalian ،ﻞﺻﻮﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ،ﻕﺎﻳﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ -۱ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ

٨٥ : ١٣٧٢ ،ﭖﻮﭘ :ﺬﺧﺎﻣ ،ﻦﻳﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﻂﺳﺍﻭﺍ

ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ

(5)

۴۵

ﺩﻮﺧ ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃﻭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻥﺁﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﺘﮐﻭﺍ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺍﺭ ،ﻦﺘﻤﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ :۱۳۷۲ ،ﺮﻟﻮﭙﺷﺍ) ﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺠﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﻭ ﻥﻻﻮﻐﻣ ﺯﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺗ ﺕﻼﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﻮﺼﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ .(۱۴۶ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺁ ٰ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﻭ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻝﻮﻐﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺍﺮﻳﻭ :۱۳۸۲ ^٢،ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻭ ^١ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ) ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻭ .( ۷۵ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺎﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻝﻮﻐﻣ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﺨﺴﺗ ﻢﻈﻧ ،ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺑﺍﺮﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭﺎﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻲﭘﺎﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻴﺸﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻭ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻪﮐ ،ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﻏ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻡﻼﺳﺍ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺖﻨﻄﻠﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﻱﺭﻻﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﺎﻨﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺪﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻦﮐﺎﺳ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻝﻮﻐﻣ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺎﺸﮐ ،ﺮﻟﻮﭙﺷﺍ) ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻲﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻭ .(۱۵۰ :۱۳۷۲ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ،ﻕ۷۰۳ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﻏ ﺕﻮﻓ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ،ﻭﺍ ﺮﻴﺑﺪﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻻﻮﻐﻣ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﷲﺍ ﻞﻀﻓ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺪﻴﺷﺭ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺪﻴﺷﺭ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻘﺑﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻓﺭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻫﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻓﻮﮑﺷ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻞﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﻭ ،ﻱﺮﮔ) ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﻏ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺪﻬﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ.(۲۴ :۱۳۶۹ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﺸﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ .ﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻪﻏﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﻏ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ

ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺪﻴﺷﺭ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻢﻳﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺪﻬﻋ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ .(۲۸ :۱۳۷۸ ،ﻱﺎﺑ ﻦﮐ) ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻔﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻢﻫ ﻥﻻﻮﻐﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﻭﺮﻧﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﺔﻄﻴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ،ﻥﺎﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩﺮﻴﻏ ﻥﺎﻴﻣﺎﺣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﭼ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻨﺳ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ :ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﮐ ﺖﻨﺳ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﭘﺮﻨﻫ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﻨﻄﻠﺳ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﮐ ـ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻲﺘﻌﺳﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺔﺻﺮﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻴﭘﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺶﺷﻮﮐ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﺸﭼ .ﺪﺷ ﻑﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻨﺳ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻴﻣﺎﺣ ﻱﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺯﺍﻭﺮﭘﺪﻨﻠﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﺗ .ﺩﺮﮐ ﻱﺭﺎﻳ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﻮﻧ ﻲﮑﺒﺳ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﻳﻼﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﻔﻈﻣ .(۶۰ :۱۳۷۹ ،ﺯﺎﺒﮐﺎﭘ) ﺪﻴﻣﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ،ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﮏﺒﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺷﻮﮐ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺁ ٰ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻳﺩ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﮐﺄﺗ ﻲﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﮔﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﻭ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺍ ﻭ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻑﻼﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ

ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ،ﻱﺭ ،ﻥﺎﻳﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﻴﻣ ﻝﺎﻔﺳ -2 ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ٣٦ :١٣٧٩ ،ﺯﺎﺒﻛﺎﭘ : ﺬﺧﺎﻣ ، ﻕ . ـﻫ ﻢﺸﺷ ﺓﺪﺳ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺮﻘﻧ ﺲﻳﺩ ،ﻢﮑﻳ ﻭﺮﺴﺧ ﻡﺎﺟ -۳ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ

٢٠٦ : ١٣٧٠ ،ﻦﻤﺷﺮﻴﮔ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ، ﮊﺎﺘﻴﻣﺭﺁ ﺓﺯﻮﻣ ،ﻱﺩﻼﻴﻣ

(6)

،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﮏﺒﺳ ﺓﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ،(ﺕﻮﻣﺩ) ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺥﺮﺳ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺔﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺲﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺨﻣﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺮﮑﻴﭘ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻘﻤﻋ ﺎﻳ ﻢﺠﺣ ﭻﻴﻫ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺒﺴﭼ ﺩﺭﺯ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﻔﻈﻣ ﻱﻼﻴﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .(۴۱ :۱۳۷۸ ،ﻱﺎﺑ ﻦﮐ) ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ﻕ۷۵۳ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺎﺗ ،ﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺑ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻥﺎﻫﻭﮋﭘﺮﻨﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﺷﺎﻘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ،ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﮎﺮﺗ ﻪﭼ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﭼ ﺏﺮﻋ ﻪﭼ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺎﻴﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻡﺎﻧ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺁ ٰ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻏﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻧﺎﻣ ﻱﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧﺮﮑﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺮﻬﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﻢﻴﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﭼ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﮎﺯﺎﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺴﻴﮔ ،ﮎﺮﺗ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺏﺮﻋ ﻱﺮﮔﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻔﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ِﻥﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺏﺮﻋ ﻱﺮﮔﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻲﻤﺳﺭﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺣ ﺎﻳ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ًﻼﺜﻣ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﮏﻳ ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻂﺳﺍﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ،ﻕﺎﻳﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺰﺑ ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺔﻨﺤﺻ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﻮﺳﺮﺘﺷ ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﺘﻠﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺷ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻴﻨﻴﺑ ؛۱۵ :۱۳۷۲ ،ﭖﻮﭘ) ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ .(۱ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ؛۶۰ :۱۳۶۷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻩﺯﻮﻣ ،ﻕ. ـﻫ ٥٩١ ،ﻱﺭ ،ﮏﻴﺑ ﻝﺮﻐﻃ ﻲﭽﮔ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ -۴ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ

pope, 1981: 517 :ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﺎﻴﻧﺍﻮﻠﻴﺴﻨﭘ

،ﻕ. ـﻫ 733،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﻩﺎﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﮋﻴﺑ ﻢﺘﺳﺭ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ -5 ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ 7 *17 /17 ،ﺩﺍﺮﮕﻨﻴﻨﻟ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ 139 :1383

،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣﺯﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺳ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺍﺯ ﻍﺮﻤﻴﺳ -6ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ 14*16.5 ،ﺩﺍﺮﮕﻨﻴﻨﻟ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،ﻕ. ـﻫ 733 105 :1383 ،ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻭ

(7)

۴۷

ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻔﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻕﺎﻳﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﻴﻨﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺭﺩﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻢﻳﺭﻮﺧ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻲﺑﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ،ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻱﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ،ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻣ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺭﺎﻌﺷﺍ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﻔﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ .(۲ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺭ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺏﺎﻌﻟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻑﺮﻇ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺰﮐﺮﻣ ،ﻩﺎﺷ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺭﺩﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺰﺗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﻼﻣ ﺮﮔﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺣ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻲﻧﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ،ﻢﻴﻨﮐ ﻁﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺔﺸﻳﺭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﮏﺷ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ .(۳ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻳﻭﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺵﻮﻘﻧ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺳﺎﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﺩﻼﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻘﺟﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ،ﺖﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﺎــﺠﺣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻨﺳ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻫﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﻮﻐﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﻨﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺖﺌﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺮﮔﺍ ،ﻲﻠﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻴﻨﻴﺑ) ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ِﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺵﺍ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ .(۶۱ :۱۳۶۷ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻗﻮﻠﺠﺳ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﮏﺒﺳ :۱۳۷۹ ،ﺯﺎﺒﮐﺎﭘ) ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻬﻨﻟﺍﺀﺍﺭﻭﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻕﺮﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﭽﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .(۵۵ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻨﺳ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ .ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐ ،ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﭽﮔ ﺔﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺨﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺮﻐﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻳﺰﺗ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﮐ ﻲﺷﺎﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ،ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺨﺗ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ .ﺩﺮﮐ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻭ .(۴ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ

ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ .ﻢﻳﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ

ﻲﭘﺎﻘﭘ ﻮﺗ ﻩﺯﻮﻣ ،ﻕ. ـﻫ 731 ،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﻢﺘﺳﺭ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺸﮐ -۷ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ shahnamaprojectmanuscript.com : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﻝﻮﺒﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺍﺮﺳ ،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﺝﻮﺟﺄﻣ ﻭ ﺝﻮﺟﺄﻳ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺪﻨﮑﺳﺍ -8 ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ

ﻥﺎﻤﻫ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ . ﻝﻮﺒﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻕ ، ـﻫ 731

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ﻝﺎﺳ ﺖﺴﻳﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺑ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺘﻓﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،ﻲﻳﻮﮔ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﮑﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺳ ﮏﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﻟﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺪﺒﻣ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﻭ .ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺔﻴﻬﺗ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ،ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺝﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺪﻫﺎﺷ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻝﺯﺎﻧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ .(۳۸ :۱۳۷۸ ،ﻱﺎﺑ ﻦﮐ) ﻥﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﺜﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﻉﻮﺸﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ،ﻡﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﻱﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻕﻼﺧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻬﮐ ﻱﺍﺮﺳﻮﭘﺎﻘﭘﻮﺗ ﺓﺯﻮﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻕ۷۳۱ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻝﻮﺒﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻕ۷۳۳ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺮﮕﻨﻴﻨﻟ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ .ﺖﺳﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﻮﻗ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺨﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﺷﻼﺘﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻕ۷۴۱ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ .(۲۸ :۱۳۸۲ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ) ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﮐ

ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻕ۷۳۳ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺳﺭ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ» ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ،ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺯﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ «ﻩﺎﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﮋﻴﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻢﺴﺠﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .(۵ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﭼ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺍﺯ ﻍﺮﻤﻴﺳ» ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻩﻮﮐ ﻱﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،«ﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣﺯﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺳ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻍﺮﻤﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺯ ﻥﺎﮑﺳﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺔﺘﮑﻧ .(۶ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﻭﺭ ﻭ ﭗﭼ ﺖﻤﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ،ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻑﻼﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻕ۷۳۱ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﺳﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﺳ ﺶﺷ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ﻪﮐ ،ﻕ۷۴۱ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،ﻕ۷۳۱ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﺗ ﮏﻳﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺳﺭ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺸﮐ» ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺯﺍ .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺱﻮﮑﻌﻣ ﺔﻨﻳﺮﻗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ «ﻩﺎﭼ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺝﻮﺟﺄﻳ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺪﻨﮑﺳﺍ» ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(۷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ «ﺝﻮﺟﺄﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .(۸ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ (۹ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﻕ۷۳۳ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﺳ ﺶﺷ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺗﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ

،ﻕ733،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﻭﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺪﻨﮑﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ -۹ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ ،ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ 19 * 215 ،ﺩﺍﺮﮕﻨﻴﻨﻟ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﻧﺎﺧ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ 183 :1383 ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻮﮔﻭ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻩﺎﭼ ﮏﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ -۱۰ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ

ﺖﺳﻮﭼﺎﺳﺎﻣ ،ﺮﻠﻛﺎﺳ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ،ﻕ 741 ،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ،ﻦﺴﺣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﻮﻗ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ Hillenbrand , 2000 : 226 :ﺬﺧﺎﻣ

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۴۹

ﻭ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻕ۷۴۱ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ «ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ» ﺔﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﺘﮐﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻢﻳﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻪﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻭ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺐﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣﺎﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﮏﻳ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻣ .(۱۰ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﭼ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻮﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺐﺘﮐ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﺨﻠﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺶﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻕ۶۹۹ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ،ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺩﺎﻳ «ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ» ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﻏ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻕ۶۹۹ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ .(۳۷ :۱۳۸۰ ،ﺭﻭﺁﺩﻮﺳ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﻭﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺑ ﺭﺩ ﮏﺒﺳ ﺔﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮐﺎﺣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ًﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﻲﻌﻄﻗ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﮐ ،ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ .(۱۱ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﺔﺘﮑﻧ .ﺖﺳﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻠﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ِﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ

۱۲ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺳﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﭘ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﻲﺌﺒﻤﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺎﮐ ﻲﺒﺘﺠﻣ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺌﺒﻤﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ۱۳۵۱ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻨﻴﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﮏﺒﺳ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺔﻠﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺤﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻑﺮﺻ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﻐﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﮏﺷ .(۴۱ :۱۳۵۲ ،ﻱﻭﺮﻏ) ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺘﺨﻴﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ،ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻒﻄﻌﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻲﻳﻮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻱﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺱﻮﻤﻠﻣ .(۱۳ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺎﻣﺎﮐ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺔﻴﻬﺗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﺳ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺩﺭ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺮﮔﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺔﻤﺸﭼﺮﺳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ

ﺓﺪﺳ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ،ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﺮﻳﺎﻃ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ ﻡﺯﺭ -۱۱ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ 97 :1387 ،ﺪﻧﮊﺁ :ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ،ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻣﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ ﮓﻨﺟ -۱۲ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ

38 :1380 ،ﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺳ :ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ

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ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺔﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﺶﻧﺎﻫﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ -۱۴ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﻱﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺓﺪﺳ ،ﺐﺟﺭ

ﺭﺩ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺎﺑ ،ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻡﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ ﺔﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺐﺟﺭ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺗ ﻪُﻧ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ،ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺪﻧﺯﺮﻓ ﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻬﻌﻴﻟﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺰﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﺮﮑﻴﭘ ،ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺖﻌﺳﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﺥﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺓﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﭙﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ،ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ .(۱۴ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺐﺟﺭ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺔﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ؛ﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺐﻘﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺓﺪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﺮﺗ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ،ﻲﻟﻭ ﺖﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻨﺑ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻥﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻳﻮﮔ .(۱۵ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﺸﻤﺟ

ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺏﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﺓﺪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺸﻳﺪﻨﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﺔﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﭘ ِﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ

،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﻞﻴﻓﺍﺮﺳﺍ ﻥﺪﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺪﻨﮑﺳﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ -١٣ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﻲﺌﺒﻤﺑ ،ﺎﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ،ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺓﺪﺳ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ www.shahnamaprojectmanuscript.com

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺐﺘﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻱﺮﺗ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻗﻮﺠﻠﺳ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺮﮕﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺓﻮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻲﺗﺎﻔﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ .ﺪﻣﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺍﺪﻴﭘﺎﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ

ﺓﺪﺳ ،ﺪﻴﺸﻤﺟ ﺖﺨﺗ ،ﻲﮕﻨﺳ ﺔﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﺎﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁ -۱۵ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ،ﺩﻼﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ

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۵۱ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ،ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻈﻧ ﺍﺪﻴﭘﺎﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺝﺍﻭﺭ ،ﺖﻓﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻌﺷﺍ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﺳ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﺟﻭ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻲﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﮏﺒﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻣﺎﮐ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺸﻨﻣﺎﺨﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺮﮔﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻖﻄﻨﻣ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﻦﻴﺒﻣ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﮑﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺪﻴﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ .ﺪﺸﺨﺒﺑ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻲﻠﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺬﺧﺂﻣ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ .ﺮﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ . ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻱﺮﮔﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺐﺘﮑﻣ .۱۳۷۸ .ﺏﻮﻘﻌﻳ ،ﺪﻧﮊﺁ ﻭ ﮓﻨ ﻫﺮ ﻓ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .ﻲ ﻀ ﻴ ﻓ ﻩﺮﻫﺯ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ . ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻨ ﻫﺎ ﺷ ﻱﺎ ﻫ ﻩﺭﺎ ﮕ ﻧ .۱۳۸۲.ﺕ .ﻝ .ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺍﺯﻮﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺕ .ﺍ ،ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺩﺁ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲ ﻣﻼ ﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻮ ﻬ ﻤ ﺟ ﺮﻨ ﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﭖﺎ ﭼ ﻥﺎ ﻣﺯﺎ ﺳ ﻭ ﻲ ﻣﻼ ﺳﺍ ﺩﺎ ﺷﺭﺍ .ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .ﺏﺎﺘﻓﺁﺮﻴﻣ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ . ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﻐﻣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ .۱۳۷۲.ﺪﻟﻮﺗﺮﺑ ،ﺮﻟﻮﭙﺷﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ . ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻴﺳ .(۱۳۶۷) .ﻞﻳﺯﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺮﮔ ﻭ .ﺱ .ﻭ .ﺝ ،ﻥﻮﺴﻨﻴﮑﻠﻳﻭ ،ﺲﻧﺭﻮﻟ ،ﻥﻮﻴﻨﻴﺑ .ﺮﻴﺒﮐﺮﻴﻣﺍ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .ﺶﻤﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ .ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻧ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ . ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺯﺎﺑﺮﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ .۱۳۷۹.ﻦﻴﻳﻭﺭ ،ﺯﺎﺒﮐﺎﭘ .ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .ﺮﻴﻧ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ . ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺗﺎﻴﻨﻴﻣ .۱۳۷۲.ﻡﺎﻬﭘﻭﺍ ﺭﻮﺗﺭﺁ ،ﭖﻮﭘ .ﮓﻧﺭﺎﮐ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .،ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻴﻤﺷ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ . ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺮﻨﻫ .۱۳۸۰.ﺀﻼﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ،ﺭﻭﺁﺩﻮﺳ .ﺮﻨﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ . ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ .۱۳۷۸ .ﺭ .ﻼﻴﺷ ،ﻱﺎﺑ ﻦﮐ .ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺮﺼﻋ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .ﻩﻭﺮﺷ ﻲﻠﻌﺑﺮﻋ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ . ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ .۱۳۶۹ .ﻞﻳﺯﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺮﮔ .ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ :ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ . ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﭘ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺮﻨﻫ .۱۳۷۰.ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ،ﻦﻤﺷﺮﻴﮔ ﺍﺭﺎﺴﻠﺑ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻲﺠﻧﻮﺘﺸﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ».۱۳۵۲.ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ،ﻱﻭﺮﻏ .۴۴-۴۱ :۱۳۵ ،۱۲ ، ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻨﻫ ،«ﻱﺮﺠﻫ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ،ﻲﺌﺒﻤﺑ ﺎﻣﺎﮐ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ Amin Mahdavi, M. (2001). “Evidence for Grid Layout in Persian Manuscripts”, in:

R. Hillenbrand (ed). The Visual Language of the Persian Book of Kings . Burlington:

Ashgate Publishing Centry.

Guest, Grace Dunham. (1946). Shiraz Painting in the Sixteenth Century . Washing- ton, D.C: Smithsonian Institution.

Hillenbrand. Robert (2000). Persian Painting. London: Tauris Publishers.

Pope, Arthur. U. (1981). A Survey of Persian Art , vol IX. London: Oxford Univer-

sity Press.

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Survey on the Origin and condition in Composition of Text & Image at Shiraz Paintings on Al-Injuid Period

Mohsen marasy,PH.D, Associate Professor،Faculty Of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

Reseaved: 2012/4/21 Accept: 2012/11/10

One of the most superficial aspects of Persian painting is the composition of text and images that has named “Layout”. In this research, the relation between the arrangement of setting text & image &

also the relation between the form of image & subject & the composition at works of Shiraz school in Ilkanid period has examined. During to extensive researches and studies on Persian painting, scholars such as, Amin Mahdavi ,Adamova and Giuzalyan got noticed to this term.The result of this research shows that the relationship between text element & composition of paintings follows careful & certain principles in miniature paintings of Shiraz school in Al-Injuid period that is consistent with the piling page for writing poetry. The painter also has considered flexible picture frame according to subject matter and shaped that based on columns form. So in many cases, instead of a rectangular shape, the frame is stepped. The painters of Shiraz school in eight century comprehended the necessity of harmony of text & image in book –lay out & combined image with context by using pilling frames.

The method of the research is descriptive - analytical by using library resources & observation.

Key words: Persian Painting, Shiraz, Ilkanid, Composition, Injuid.

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Autumn 2012 No23

Abstract