ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺯﻭﺭﻮﻧ :
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮﻳ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
۳۷
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﮔ ﻴ ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﺩ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۴۴
‐ ۳۷ (
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
)
Avena ludoviciana
،
(ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲ
)
Sinapis arvensis
،
(ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ
)Hordeum spontaneum ﻤﻠﺷ ﻭ
(ﻲ
)Rapistrum rugosum
(ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﺑ
ﺯﻭﺭﻮﻧ ﺩﺍﺯﺮﻬﺷ
۱ﻱ
،*
ﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻴ
۲ﻩﺩﺍﺰ ﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻴ ﺣﺭ ﺪ ﻴ ﻤ ﻴ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻥﺎ ﻱ
۱
، ۲ ، ۳ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ، ﻱ ﺮﺘﮐﺩ ﻱ ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ، ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺲﻳﺩﺮﭘ ،ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۶ / ۵ / ۸۷
‐ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۵ / ۱۰ / ۸۷ (
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻲ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻳ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
)
Avena ludoviciana
( ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ، ﻲ
)
Sinapis arvensis
( ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ، )
Hordeum spontaneum
( ﻤﻠﺷ ﻭ ﻲ )
Rapistrum rugosum
( ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﺑ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺍ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺶ ﻱ
ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ١٣٨٦
ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻮﺟ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
)
Hordeum vulgare
( ﺭﺩ
ﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ .
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺶ ﻳ
ﺎﻫ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞ ﻱ
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ ٤
ﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﮑ .
ﺗﻴ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺭﺎﺗ ﺶﺷ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺳ ،ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﻣﻴ ﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ . ﺮﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻲ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺑ ،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻴ
ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺶ ﺍ ﻱ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﻳ ﻦ
ﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻴ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ .
ﻧ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻴ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺰ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻳ ﺑ ﻪﮑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﻦ ﻳ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺐ ﻲ
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻭ ﻲ
ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ﻳ
ﻄ ﻲ ﺮﻫ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻳ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻲ
ﻭ
ﻪﮑﻟ ﺍ ﻱ ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻠ ﻴ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ،ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦ
ﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱ
ﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖ ﻱ
ﺍ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻣ ﺎﻔ ﻲ ﺪﻨﮐ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ،ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ،ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ،ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﺬﺑ : ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﻔﻠﺗ ﺖ ﻴ ﻘ ﻲ .
ﻣ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘ
ﺎﻘﺑ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻱ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﺗﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻦ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦ
ﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﻴﻴ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺍﺮ ﻴ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﮏ ﻭ
ﺑﻴ ﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺮﮕﻧﺎ ﻲ
ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺁ ﺖ ﺳﻮﮐﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻲ
(Davis et al., 2004; Jordan et al., 1995) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻴ
ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻠ
ﺗﺍﺮﺸﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺟ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ
ﻥﻮﭼ
ﮏﺳﻮﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑﺍﺭﺎﮐ ﻴ ﻪﭼﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺳﻮﮐﺍ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻲ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ
(Cardina et al., 1996; Menelled et al.,
2000)
ﻣ ﻭ ﻲ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
(Hulm, 1998a; Pullaro et al., 2006)
.
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦ ﻟﻮﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺷ ،ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻴ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺪ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳ
ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻴ
ﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻪﻠ ﻴ
ﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺪ ﻲ
ﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲ
ﺪﻫﺎﮐ
(Andersen, 1989; Hulme, 1998a)
. ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ
،ﺭﺬﺑ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺴﺑ ﻴ ﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﺎ ﻴ
ﮊﻮﻟﻮ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻲ
ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ
(Hartzler
et al., 2006)
. ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻣ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺒﻃ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻴ
ﻌ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺭ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺖ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ
(Brust, 1994;
Kromp, 1999) Westerman et al. (2003a) .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ *
: ﻱﺯﻭﺭﻮﻧ ﺩﺍﺯﺮﻬﺷ
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ۲۲۴۶۰۷۴
‐ ۰۲۶۱
E-mail: [email protected]
۳۸ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻳ ﺘﻧ ﻦ ﻴ ﺳﺭ ﻪﺠ ﻴ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺪﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻴ
ﻠﻋ ﺖ ﻒ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺯﺮﻫ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻳ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺶ .
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ ﻲ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺽﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ﻴ
ﻟﺎﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﺪﻧﺮ ﻴ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻪﻧﺎ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ۳۲
% ﺎﺗ ۷۰ % ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺩ ﻩﺎﮔﺪ ﻳ ﻣﺎﻨ ﻴ ﻌﻤﺟ ﮏ ﻴ ﻣ ،ﺖ ﻴ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ ﺮ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻴ
ﮑ ﻲ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ
(Westerman et al., 2003b)ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻴ
ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮ ﻲ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﻂ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻄ
(Westerman et al., 2003b) ﻲ ﻞﺼﻓ ،
(Davis &
Liebman, 2003; Heggenstaller et al., 2006; Jacob et al., 2006)
ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ، ﺭﺬﺑ ﻩ
(Hulme, 1998b; Povey et al.,
1993; Pullaro et al., 2006)
،
(Hensen, 2002; ﺎﻣﺩ
Munoz& Cavieres, 2006)
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ، ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ
(Gallandt et
al., 2005; Jacob, et al., 2006; Tooley, et al., 1999)
ﻭ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ
(Hammond, 1995; Marino et al.,
2005; Willson & Whelan, 1990)
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ . ﺐﻠﻏﺍ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﺍ
ﻱ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻳ ﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻴ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ .
ﭘ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻴ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﻲ
ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻣ ﻲ ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻴ
ﻪﭼﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻠ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻳ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺁ ﺶ
(Gorb & Gorb, 2000; Hughes
& Westoby, 1990)
. ﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺯﺮﻫ ﻲ
،ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺭﻭ ﻱ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦ .
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ، ﻲ
ﻮﺟ ، ﻩﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻤﻠﺷ ﻲ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ، ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻭ ﻡ
ﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻞ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ
(Westerman et al., 2003b)
،
ﻳ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ ﻦﺘﻓﺎ ﻱ
ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﮑﻫﺍﺭ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،ﺪ ﻲﻳ
ﻪﮐ
ﮑﺗ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪ ﻱ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺶﮐ ﺪﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﮔ ﻦ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺮﺗ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻨﮐ ﺎﺗ ﻴ
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻮﺟ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻲ
ﻤﻠﺷ ﻭ ﻲ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻘ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻴ
ﻘ ﻲ ﺭﺩ
ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻧ ﺕﻼﻏ
ﻴ ﺯ ﺰ ﻳ ﺩﺎ
ﻩﺮﺗ ﻪﻤﻠﺳ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻮﺟ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ١
(Marino et al., 2005)
ﮏﻣﺪﻨﮔ ، ،٢
ﻪﻤﻠﺳ
٣ﻩﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻳ ﻑﻻﻮ
1. Chenopodium album
2. Stellaria media 3. Chenopodium album
ﺸﺣﻭ
٤ﻲ ﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻉ ﻴ
(Tooley, et al., 1999) ﮏ ،
ﻪﻤﻠﺳ ،ﻩﺮﺗ ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﻪﺘﻟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ٥
ﻡﺪﻨﮔ
ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ
(Holmes & Froud-Williams, 2005)
، ﻝﺩﺮﺧ
ﺸﺣﻭ
٦ﻲ
، ﮏﻣﺪﻨﮔ ، ﻪﻤﻠﺳ ﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺮﺗ ﻮﺟ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ٧
ﻋﺍﺭﺯ
(Mauchline et al., 2005) ﻲ ﻭ
ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
،
ﮏﻣﺪﻨﮔ ﻭ
ﻪﻤﻠﺳ ﻩﺮﺗ ﺎﮔﺭﺍ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻧﻴ
ﮏ
(Westerman et al., 2003a)
ﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ،ﻖ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ، ﻲ
ﻤﻠﺷ ، ﻲ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻭ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲ
ﺍﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻳ
ﺮﻫ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ .
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺶ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ۱۳۸۶
ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﮏ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻮﺟ
ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻲ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ )
َ ۱۶
°ﻭ ۳۶ ﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻲ
َ ﻭ ۳۸
° ﻭ ۵۹
ﻗﺮﺷ ﻲ ( ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ .
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶ ﻱ
ﻐﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻪﺑ ،ﺕﺍﺮ
ﺵﻭﺭ
Marino et al.
(2005)
ﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ .
ﺭﺎﺗ ﻳ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺦ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺶ ﻳ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺵﺰ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﺪﺷ . ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺶ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﺶ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻳ
ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺶ ﻲ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻳ
ﺶ
ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎ ﻱ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻳ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺶ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺶ ﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﻭ ﻞ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ ۴ ﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ .
ﺗ ﻴ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﻤ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ )
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻲ ، ﻳ ﻪﮑﻟ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﮑ ﺍ
ﻱ ( ﺭﺎﺗ ، ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ) ،ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ،ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ،ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ
ﻢﺸﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻭ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ (
ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭ )
ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
،
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲ
، ﻩﺭﺩ ﻮﺟ ﻤﻠﺷ ﻭ ﻲ ( ﺩﻮﺑ . ۵۰ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻳ
ﮏ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﺘﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱ
ﺩ ﻳ ﺶ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺎﺑ
ﺮﻄﻗ ۱۰ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﮎﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﮏﻟﺍ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ،ﺩﻮﺑ .
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻮﺟ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻪﺒﻟ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺢﻄﺴﻤﻫ ﮎﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺪ . ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ
ﺕﺮﮐ ﺮﻫ ۸
ﺮﺘﻣ
* ۳۰ ﺯﺍ ،ﺕﺮﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ۱۰
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ
ﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺬﺑ .
ﻌﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻴﻴ
ﺎﺳ ﻦ ﻳ ﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮ ﻲ ﻏ ﻴ ﺮ
ﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ
ﻲ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ،ﺕﺮﮐ ﻱ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻠﺒﻗ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ، ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
،ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﺮﺘﭘ ﮏ ﻱ ﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻱ
ﺭﻮﺗ ﺲﻔﻗ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻱ
ﺎﺑ
ﺶﻣ ﻳ ﻣ ﮏ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﺘﻣ .
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶ ﻴ
ﺮ
4. Avena fatua
5. Cirsium arvense 6. Sinapis arvensis 7. Polygonum aviculare
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺯﻭﺭﻮﻧ :
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮﻳ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
۳۹
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻩﺎﻣ ۶
ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻳ
ﺖﻓﺎ . ﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ،ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺎﻫ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ ﺮﺘﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺟ ﺪ ﻳ ﺎﺟ ﺪ ﻳ ﺰﮕ ﻳ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻦ
ﺛﺎﺗ ﻴ ﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮ ﻴ
ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ
ﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ
ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻴ ﺩﺮ .
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﭼ ﺐ ﻴ ﺮﺘﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺪ ﻱ ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺭﺎﻤ
ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﭘ ، ﻱ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﺕﺮﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻳ
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﮏﺗ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻂ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺒﺷ ﻴ ﻪ ﺎﺳ ﺯ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺭﺎﻤ ﺍ ﻱ ﺮﺘﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ، ﻱ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ ﻳ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺕﺮﮐ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﮏ .
ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ
ﻳ ،ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﮑ ۱۰
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻒ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﺩﺭ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﻒ ۵ ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﺮﻫ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻱ
ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺮﻘﺗ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻒ ﻳ
ﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺒ ﻴ ﺮﺘﭘ ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺩﺭ ﻳ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻒ .
ﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺩ ﺕ ﻳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ،ﺮﮕ ﺍﺮﺑ W
ﻱ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ .
ﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﻴ ﺎﻫ ﺰ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ
ﭘ ﻴ ﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺶ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺰ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ ﻣ ، ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻗﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻱ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﺕﺮﮐ ﺮﻫ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻴﻴ
ﺪﺷ ﻦ . ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻥﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
ﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﻏ ﻴ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮ .
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻗﺎﺑ ﻲ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻱ ﻗﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻱ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻳ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺴ .
ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﻞ
Arcsin X
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺰ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ ﻡﺮﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﻭ SAS
ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻣ ﻪﺴ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ LSD
ﺢﻄ ۰۵ /
P=۰
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﺎﺘﻧ
ﻳ ﺞ
ﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲ
۶ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻳ
ﺩﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻡﺍﺭﺁ ﺶ
ﺪﺷ ﻳ ﺪ ﻳ ﮔﺪﻧﺭﺎﺑ ﺎ ﻲ ﭙﻧ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﺗ ،ﺖﺳﻮ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧ ﻲ
ﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻴ
ﺭﺬﺑ ﭻ ﻱ ﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﻢﮐ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ . ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦ ﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻳ
ﺦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱ
ﻧ ﻴ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺰ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ .(
ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻞ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
،ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻟﺎﻧﺁ
ﻴ ﺎﻫﺰ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
.
ﻣ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﮐ ﻥﺍﺰ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ .
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲ
ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺷ ﻦ ﺭﺎﮑ ۳۹ / ۵۶ % ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻭ ﻦ
ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻴ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦ ۷۲ / ۲۷
% ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ، ﻳ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ) ﻞﮑﺷ ۱ .(
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ۴ ،ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻳ
ﻨﻌﻣ ،ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
) ۰۰۱ /
P=۰ ) ( ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲ .(
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱
‐ ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﺭﺍﻭ ﻪ ﻳ ﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ،ﺲﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤ
ﺎﻬﻔﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ، ﻲ
ﻭ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ،
ﻤﻠﺷ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
F ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ۹۵***
/ ۸۷
۰/۱۱۶ ۳ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ
۷۷***
/
۱۰۶۸ ۱/۳۹۳ ۳ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ
۰۳***
/ ۹۱۱
۱/۱۸۸ ۲ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ
۱۳***
/ ۲۶۰
۰/۳۳۹ ۵ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ۵۱***
/ ۳
۰/۰۰۵ ۱۵ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ × ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ۱۰***
/ ۱۰
۰/۰۱۳ ۶ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ × ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ
۵۶***
/ ۱۲
۰/۰۱۶ ۱۰ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ × ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ۵۲***
/ ۰
۰/۰۰۱ ۳۰ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ×ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ×ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ :***
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ۰۰۱
/ P=۰
c d b
a
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
ﻲﺸﺣو لدﺮﺧ ﻲﺸﺣو فﻻﻮﻳ ﻲﻤﻠﺷ هردﻮﺟ
( %) رﺎﻜــﺷﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﮐ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ‐۱ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻬﻔﻠﻋ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺶﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﺶ . ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻣ ﻪﺴ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ LSD ۰۵
/ P=۰ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲
‐ ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﺭﺍﻭ ﻪ ﻳ ﻣ ﺲﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻑﻻﻮ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻲ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ، ﻲ
ﻤﻠﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ، ﻲ
ﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤ
ﻧﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻬ
ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﺷ
ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ
ﻑﻻﻮﻳ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ۳۱۷***
/
۰ ۰/۰۳۳***۰/۰۳۰***۰/۰۳۲*** ۳ ﮎﻮﻠﺑ ۲۷۸***
/
۰ ۰/۲۱۹***۰/۴۵۴***۰/۲۷۴*** ۲ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ۰۶۸***
/
۰ ۰/۰۵۲***۰/۱۱۷***۰/۱۱۴*** ۵ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ۰۰۳***
/
۰ ۰/۰۰۳***۰/۰۰۸***۰/۰۰۳*** ۱۰ -ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ
× ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ
:***
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ۰۰۱
/ P=۰
ﺮﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ
ﻲ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ۴ ﺑ ،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ
ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﻤ
ﻪﮑﻟ ﺍ ﻱ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ )
۳۳ / ۶۹
% ، ۶۷ / ۵۶
% ، ۸۳ / ۴۱ % ﻭ
۳۳ / ۳۷ % ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻴ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺐ ﻱ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲ
، ﻳ ﻑﻻﻮ
۴۰ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻲ ﻤﻠﺷ ، ﻲ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻭ (
ﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻲ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺹ
) ۱۷ / ۴۳
% ، ۳۳ / ۳۶
% ، ۲۲ % ﻭ ۶۷ / ۲۰ % ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻴ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺐ ﻱ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲ
، ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﻤﻠﺷ ، ﻲ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻭ ) ( ﻞﮑﺷ ۲ .(
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲ .(
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺰﺠﺑ ،ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻢﺸﺷ ﻭ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻌﻣ ﻲﻨ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ
. ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻻﻮﻳ
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺰﺠﺑ ،ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻢﺸﺷ ﻭ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ . ﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻠﺷ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺘﻔ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ )
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۳ .(
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
،ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻫﺩ ﺵﺮﺑ
ﻲ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ۳ .(
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻳ
ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺶ
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﻴ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ )
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ۰۰۱ /
P=۰ ﻞﮑﺷ ، ۳ .(
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ )
ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ (
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
.
ﻪﮑﻟ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻱﺍ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ۶۷
/ ۳۴ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ ۶۷
/ ۱۸ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۴
.(
ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻠﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻱﺍ
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ۳۳
/ ۶۹ % ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﺷ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ۲۲
% ﻭ
۶۷ / ۲۰ % ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ۲ .(
ﻞﮑﺷ ۲
‐ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ، ﻲ
ﻤﻠﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ، ﻲ
ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻲ
،
ﻳ ﻪﮑﻟ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﮑ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ . ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻣ ﺕﺎﺴ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻦ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ LSD
۰۵ / P=۰ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻲﺸﺣو فﻻﻮﻳ
a c b
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﯼا ﻪﮑﻟ
ﻲﻤﻠﺷ
c
b
a
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﯼا ﻪﮑﻟ
هردﻮﺟ
a c b
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﯼا ﻪﮑﻟ
ﻲﺸﺣو لدﺮﺧ
a b
c
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﯼا ﻪﮑﻟ
رﺎﻜﺷﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ(%)
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺯﻭﺭﻮﻧ :
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮﻳ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
۴۱
ﻞﮑﺷ ۳
‐ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
،
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲ
ﻤﻠﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ، ﻲ
ﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ
●) : ﻪﮑﻟ ﺍ ﻱ
■ ، : ﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﮑ
▲ : ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻲ
***.(
: ﻨﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ
ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻣ ﻴ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻥﺎ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺦ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ۰۰۱ / P=۰ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣
‐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ
ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮﻳ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ
ﻲﻤﻠﺷ
ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ e
٣٣ / ٤١ e ٣٣ / ٣٢ d ٦٦ / ١٨ e ۳۳ / ۲۰
ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ d
٠٠ / ٥٠ d ٦٧ / ٣٦ c ٠٠ / ٢٤ d ٣٣ / ٢٨
ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ c
٦٧ / ٥٥ c ٣٣ / ٤٣ b ٣٣ / ٢٧ c ٦٧ / ٣١
ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ b
٣٣ / ٦١ b ٠٠ / ٤٩ b ٣٣ / ٢٩ b ٦٧ / ٣٤
ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ab
٦٧ / ٦٣ a ٠٠ / ٥٤ a ٦٧ / ٣٢ b ٦٦ / ٣٦
ﻢﺸﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ a
٣٣ / ٦٦ a ٠٠ / a ٥٦ ٣٣ / ٣٤ a ٣٣ / ٣٩
ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ : ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﮎﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ LSD
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ۰۵ / P=۰ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۴
‐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﻫ
) ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗﺭﺩ
ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ
ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ
ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮﻳ
ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﻲﻤﻠﺷ
ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ c
۵۸ / ۲۱ b ۱۷ / ۱۸ b ۳۳ / ۱۰ b ۰۰ / ۱۱
ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﮑﻳ b
۳۳ / ۲۸ b ۳۳ / ۲۱ b ۵۸ / ۱۲ b ۸۳ / ۱۵
ﻱﺍ ﻪﮑﻟ a
۶۷ / ۳۴ a ۳۳ / ۲۸ a ۶۷ / ۱۸ a ۹۲ / ۲۰
ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ : ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﮎﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ LSD ۰۵
/ P=۰ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ .
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻳ
ﺪﮑ ﻳ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﮕ
) ﻞﮑﺷ ۱ .(
ﮐﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺎﻤﺗ ﻳ ﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻞ ﻥ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
(Hartzler et al., 2006)
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻲ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘ ﻳ
ﻣﺯ ﻦ ﻴ ﺑ ﻪﻨ ﻴ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻧﺎ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻳ
ﺪﮑ ﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮕ
ﺑ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻴ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺎﻤﺗ ﻳ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﺰ ﻣ ﻲ
(Ghersa & Martinez-Ghersa, ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
2000; Hartzler, et al., 2006; Menalled et al., 2007;
Pullaro et al., 2006) Jacob et al. .
(2006)
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻴ
ﻥﺍﺰ ﻢﭽﭼ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺑ ١
ﻴ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﻪﮑﺗ ،ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻪﭽﺑﺮﺗ ﻑﻼﻏ
ﺸﺣﻭ
٢ﻲ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻖ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ،ﻢﭽﭼ ﺮﺗ
ﻳ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ
1. Lolium rigidum
2. Raphanus raphanistrum
ﻲﻤﻠﺷ
***
*** *** *** *** ***
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2 3 4 5 6
ﻲﺸﺣو فﻻﻮﻳ
***
***
*** ***
*** ***
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2 3 4 5 6
هردﻮﺟ
*** ***
*** ***
***
***
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2 3 4 5 6
ﻲﺸﺣو لدﺮﺧ
***
***
*** *** *** ***
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2 3 4 5 6
رﺎﻜﺷﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ(%)
نﺎﻣز
۴۲ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻳ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ،ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺶ ﻳ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ
ﻪﮑﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻪﭽﺑﺮﺗ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻲ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻨﭼ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻴ ﻦ
ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻢﭽﭼ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺎ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺑ ﻞ ﻴ ﻪﭼﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ ﻳ
ﺮ
ﺯ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻳ
ﻪﭼﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺮ ﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﺴ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪ ﻳ
ﺮ
ﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻴ
ﺮﺘﺸ ﻱ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
(Jacob et al., 2006)
.
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺑ ،ﺎﻣ ﺶ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻭ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻳ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻦ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ۱ .(
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻝﺩﺮﺧ ﻲ
، ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺶ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺷﻮﭘ ﺸ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﺴﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺭﺎ ﮎﺯﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻲ ﺎﺳ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ . ﻭ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﺘﺣﺍﺭ ﻲ ﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﺛﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻴ
ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮ
ﻣ ﻴ ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ
ﹰﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﻠ ﻪﭼﺭﻮﻣ
ﺎﻫ
(Willott et al., 2000) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﮕﻨﺳ ،ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻴ
ﻦ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻳ
ﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺶ ﺪ . ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﺎﺌﻟﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻟ ،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ
ﺒﺴﭼ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﻩﺪ ﺪﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﺘﺳﺩ ﻴ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺬﻐﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺍ ﻱ ﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻥﺁ ﻲ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ .
ﺟﺭﻮﺧ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﻴ
ﮏﻨ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻤﻠﺷ ﻲ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻳ ﺸﺣﻭ ﻑﻻﻮ ﻲ
ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻣ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻴ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻳ
ﻑﻻﻮ
ﺸﺣﻭ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﻤﻠﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺍﻳ ﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺘﺨﺳ ﻲ ﺟﺭﻮﺧ ﻴ ﮏﻨ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻤﻠﺷ ﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ .
ﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ،ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦ
ﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻴ
ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﻞ
ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮ ﻴ
ﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﺕﺎ ﻱ
ﺍﺬﻏ ﻲﻳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
(Munoz & Cavieres, 2006)
. ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﺵﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦ
ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﺸﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻳ
ﺩ ﺕﺎﺸ ﻳ ﺮﮕ ﻱ ﻪﮐ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻉﺭﺍﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻴ
،ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰ
ﺒﻣ ﻴ ﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻪﭼﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺮﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﮏﺳﻮﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑﺍﺭﺎﮐ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﮑﺷ ،ﻩﺪ .
ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﻪﮑﻟ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻊﺒﻃ ،ﻥﺁ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻧﻴ
ﺰ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ
(Forcella et al., 1992)
.
ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻱ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻳ
ﮑ ﻲ ﻌﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻴﻴ
ﻦ
ﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ .
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ
ﻮﻧ ﻳ ﻨﭼ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ ﻴ
ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻦ ﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻲ ﺍﻮﺗ ﺪﻧ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻳ ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺶ ﻴ
ﻪﭼﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻠ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ
(Gorb &
Gorb, 2000; Hughes & Westoby, 1990) Hammond.
(1995)
ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻴ
ﺑ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ
ﺮﺘﺸ ﺯﺍ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺞ ﻴ ﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖ ﻴ
ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺰ
ﻣ ﻴ ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ
ﻪﮑﻟ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺭﺎﻤ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺑ ، ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ
ﺬﺑ ﺭﻭ ﻱ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻳ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﮑ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ ﻱ ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻳ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ۲ .(
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺞ ﻴ ﻖ
ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻴ
Marino et al.ﻪﻠ
(2005)
ﺎﺗ ﻴﻳ ﺪ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻳ ﺍ ﺞ ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻖ . ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻳ ﺶ
ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻩﺮﺗ ﻪﻤﻠﺳ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻣ ،
ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻳ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺶ ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎ .
ﻣ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﻨﭼ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻴ ﺘﻧ ﻦ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺲﻧﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻱ
ﻪﮑﻟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ -
ﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻴ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻱ
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ . ﻪﺑ
ﻣ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻴ ﺭ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻳ
ﺑ ،ﺰ ﻴ ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺜﺟ . ﺑ ﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎ ﻴ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺮﻫ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻞﮐ ﻦ ﻳ
ﮏ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﺶ ) ۷۲ / ۲۷
% ﺎﺗ ۳۹ / ۵۶ (%
،
ﻣ ﻲ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﮑ ﻲ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ
ﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﻔﻠﺗ ﺖ ﻴ ﻘ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺩﺮﺑ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﺪ
ﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺖ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﮏ
ﺨﻧ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮ . ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ
ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ) ﻩﺭﺩﻮﺟ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ (
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺶﻘﻧ ، ﻳ
ﮑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﮓﻧﺭﺮﭘ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ، .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﻦ
ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﻱ
ﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﮑﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﮐ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻴ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﻪ ﻳ
ﮑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﺪ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ، ﻳ
ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺎﺳ ﺪ ﻳ ﺮ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻲ ﻧ ﻴ ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ﺰ ﻴ
ﺪﻧﺮ .
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۴۴ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
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