Archive of SID
ﺪﻠﺟ،ﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ،40
ﻩﺎﻣﻥﺎﺑﺁ،5 ﻪﺤﻔﺻﺯﺍ،1385
ﺎﺗ701 712 701
ﻩﺯﺮﻟ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﻦﺘﺑ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ یﺍ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ
ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ
ﯽﺒﯿﺒﺣﺎﺿﺮﯿﻠﻋ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳیﺮﺘﮐﺩیﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ وﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ-
ﺱﺭﺪﻣﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ-
ﯽﻣﺮﺤﻣﺪﯿﻤﺣ
*
ﻥﺍﺮﻤﻋ ﺶﺨﺑﺭﺎﯾﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣوﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ-
ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ-
ﯽﻤﯿﻨﺴﺗﯽﻠﻌﺳﺎﺒﻋ
ﺶﺨﺑﺭﺎﯿﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻤﻋ
ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ وﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ- ﺱﺭﺪﻣﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ-
ﺖﻓﺎﯾﺭﺩﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ) 12
/ 9 / ﻩﺪﺷﺡﻼﺻﺍﺖﯾﺍوﺭﺖﻓﺎﯾﺭﺩﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ،84 7
/ 5 / ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗﺦﯾﺭﺎﺗ،85 8
/ 7 / 85 (
ﻩﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍیوﺭﺯﺍیﺪﻌﺑﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯﻞﻤﺤﺗیﺍﺮﺑ،ﻩﺩﺮﮐﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﺍﺭیﺍﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯﻪﮐیﺍﻩﺯﺎﺳﯽﯾﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ .
یﺍﺮﺑیﺩﺎﯾ
ﻩﺪﺷﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣﻂﺳﻮﺗﻩﺩﺭﺍوﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﻥﺍﺰﯿﻣﻥﺩﺮﮐﯽﻤﮐ ﻪﺧﺮﭼﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ وﻩﺯﺎﺳﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾﺩﺦﺳﺎﭘﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋﻪﮐﺪﻧﺍ
یﺎﻀﻋﺍیﺍ
ﯽﻣﻥﺎﯿﺑﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﺵوﺭﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗوﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾﺩﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗﺵوﺭﺭﺩﺩﺎﯾﺯﺖﻗوﻑﺮﺻﻪﺑﺯﺎﯿﻧوﺎﻬﯿﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘﻞﯿﻟﺩﻪﺑ .
،
ﻣﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩ ﯽﺘﺨﺳﻝﺍوﺯ،ﯽﺘﺨﺳﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍیﺮﯿﮔﺭﺎﮑﺑوﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﺘﺳﺍﺵوﺭﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﺑﻪﻟﺎﻘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣیﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳﺭﺩ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ
ﯽﻣ وﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﯽﻔﯿﮐﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗﺎﺑ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺯﺍFEMA
،یﺍ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﮏﯾ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻦﯾﺍﻪﺑ . ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁیﺍ
ﺷﺍﺩﺎﺑﻪﮐﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﺘﺑﯽﺸﻤﺧ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍﯽﯾﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﺭﺎﮐﺩﻮﺧﺭﻮﻄﺑ،ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺕﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧوﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻪﺑﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍﻦﺘ
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺢﻠﺴﻣ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣیﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳ وﺎﺑﺁﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﻖﺒﻃﻩﺪﺷﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃﺢﻠﺴﻣﻦﺘﺑﯽﺸﻤﺧﺏﺎﻗﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺖﺸﻫ.
ﯽﺸﻤﺧﺏﺎﻗﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﮏﯾوﻥﺍﺮﯾﺍ2800
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﻖﺒﻃﻩﺪﺷﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃﺢﻠﺴﻣﻦﺘﺑ FEMA
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳﺭﺎﻬﭼﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻬﻧﺁیوﺭﺮﺑﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑوﺚﺤﺑوﻩﺪﺷﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ,
ﺖﺳﺍﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍﺯﺍﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ.
ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﮐﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ یﺍﺮﺑﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺢﻠﺴﻣﻦﺘﺑیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗیﺍﻩﺯﺮﻟﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ .
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩﻩﺪﺷﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﯽﺒﺴﻧﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣﻪﮐﺪﺳﺭﯽﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ،ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ
وFEMA ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺎﻫﻩﺯﺎﺳﯽﺑﺍﺮﺧوﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺯﺍﯽﻠﻣﺎﮐو ﺢﯿﺤﺻﺺﺧﺎﺷﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻤﻧﯽﯾﺎﻬﻨﺘﺑATC
.
یﺪﯿﻠﮐیﺎﻫﻩژﺍو ﻋ :
یﺍﻩﺯﺮﻟﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ-
ﻦﺘﺑﯽﺸﻤﺧیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ- ﺢﻠﺴﻣ
ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﺘﺳﺍﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ-
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﯿﻧﺩ ﺮﯿﺧﺍ یﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻦﯿﺋﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺋ
ﯽ ﺵوﺭ ﻪﮐ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺑﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ,
وﺪﺤﻣ ﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍو ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﻨﻫﺩﯽﻤﻧﻥﺎﺸﻧﺩﻮﺧﺯﺍیﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﺡﻮﻄﺳ وﺮﻨﯾﺍﺯﺍ.
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ یﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺷوﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺮﯾﺬﭘﻞﮑﺷ و ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﺵﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ و)
ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ و ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ (
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ یﺎﻬﻫﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ یﺎﻬﺷوﺭ .
ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﯿﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳﺩ یﺎﻬﺷوﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ] N2
1
،ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﯾﺍﺮﺿ ،[ ﻒﯿﻃ
ﺩﺮﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ یژﺮﻧﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ یﺎﻬﺷوﺭ و ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ یﺎﻬﺷوﺭ .
یﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﯾﺍﺮﺿ و ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻒﯿﻃ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
FEMA-273
] 2
،[
FEMA-356
] 3 و [
ATC-40
] 4 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ [ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .
ﺭﺩ ﺝﺭﺪﻨﻣ ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
FEMA-273
یﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳیﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷﻪﻧﺎﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ
ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
1OP
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻔﻗو ﯽﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
2IO
ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺟ ﯽﻨﻤﯾﺍ
3LS
و ﺢﻄﺳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ یﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ
ﺵﺰﯾﺭوﺮﻓ
4CP
ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺢﻄﺳﻪﺻﻼﺧﺭﻮﻄﺑ.
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ,OP
ﭻﯿﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﻪﻣﺪﺻ ﯽﻤﻧ یﺍ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ ؛ﺪﻨﯿﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
،IO
ﯽﺋﺰﺟ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻀﻋ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ی ﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﺍو یﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ,LS
ﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺍﺭ یﺩﺎﯾﺯﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺖﺳﺍﻦﮑﻤﻣﻥﺎ ﻩﺯﺎﺳیﺍﺰﺟﺍﺭﺩ
یﺍ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺮﯿﻏو ﺢﻄﺳوﺪﻨﮐﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗیﺍ
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
CP ﺥﺭﯽﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ
Archive of SID
702
ﺪﻠﺟ،ﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ،40
ﻩﺎﻣﻥﺎﺑﺁ،5 1385
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺁ
ﺎﯾ ﯽﻠﮐ یﺭﺍﺪﯾﺎﭘﺎﻧ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻩﺪﯿﺳﺭﯽﻌﺿﻮﻣ .
ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍو ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﯽّﻤﮐ ﻉﻮﻗو ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﯽﺑﺍﺬﺟ و ﻢﻬﻣﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺯﺍﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﮑﯾ . ﯽ ﺯﺍ ﺷوﺭ یﺎﻬ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﯽّﻤﮐ
ﯽﻌﺑﺎﺗﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻪﺟﺭﺩﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗﻩﺯﺎﺳﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﺍوﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ کﺭﺎﭘ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
(Park)
ﮓﻧﺍ و
(Ang)
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 1985
] 5
،[ ﻮﮐ ﺯ ﺍﺰﻧ
(Cosenza)
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 1993
] 6
،[ ﺰﮕﯾﺭﺩوﺭ
(Rodrigues)
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 1994 ] 7
،[ ﯽﻣﺎﺳﻮﯾ
(Usami)
و
ﺭﺎﻣﻮﮐ
(Kumar)
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 1998
] 8 ﻮﺒﻣﻮﻟﻮﮐ و [
(Colombo)
وﺮﮕﻧ و
(Negro)
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 2005 ] 9 ﻩﺪﯾﺩ [
ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻄﺧ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﮏﯾ ﮓﻧﺍ و کﺭﺎﭘ .
ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ و ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ یﺍ
ﻦﺘﺑ یﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ ]
5 .[
ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ
IDARC
ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻦﺘﺑ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ
ﺪﻨﮐ ] 10 ﻮﮐ .[
ﺯ و ﺍﺰﻧ
ویﺮﯾﺬﭘﻞﮑﺷﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣﺮﺑﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳﯽﺑﺍﺮﺧ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗیﺍﺮﺑﺍﺭ ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ یژﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ]
6 ﺰﮕﯾﺭﺩوﺭ .[
ﺍﺯﺍ ﯽﻌﺑﺎﺗﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﮏﯾ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺎﺳﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺬﺟیژﺮﻧ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ و ﯽﻋﺎﺠﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﯿﻏ یﺎﻬﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻩﺯﺮﻟﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘیﺍ
] 7 وﯽﻣﺎﺳﻮﯾ .[
ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺎﻣﻮﮐ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑ و ﻢﮐ یﺎﻬﻠﮑﯿﺳ ﺭﺩﯽﮕﺘﺴﺧ ،گﺭﺰﺑ یﺎﻬﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ یﺩﻻﻮﻓ یﺎﻬﻠﭘ یﺍﺮﺑ یﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ]
8 و ﻮﺒﻣﻮﻟﻮﮐ و [
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﺍوﺯ یﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﮏﯾ وﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ]
9 [ ﺭﺩ . ﺷوﺭ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ یﺎﻬ
ﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾﺩ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ,
یﺎﻫﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ
ﺍﺭ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑﯽﺗﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻢﺠﺣﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾﺩ ﺲﯾﺯﺮﺘﺴﯿﻫ ﯽﻣ ﮏﯾیﺍﺮﺑﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺺﺧﺎﺷﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ،ﺪﺒﻠﻃ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺍ
ﯽﻣﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ی ﺖﯿﻌﺿو یﺍﺮﺑﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﻥﺎﯿﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺖﺴﯿﻧﻩﺯﺎﺳﻞﮐ .
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﯽّﻤﮐ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ﺵوﺭ یﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ یﺎﻬﺴﯾﺪﻧﺍ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ یﺎﻬﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩﻪﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳﻮﺗﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗﻪﺑﻥﺍﻮﺗ
(Toussi)
ﺰﻨﻔﺘﺳﺍ،
(Stephens)
وﺍﺎﯾو
(Yao)
ﻟﺎﺳﺭﺩ یﺎﻬ و1982 1987 ] و11 12 ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ [
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﮏﯾﺎﻬﻧﺁ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ وﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻔﯿﮐیﺪﻨﺑ
ﯽﺒﺴﻧﯽﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑﻩﺯﺎﺳﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧیﺍﺮﺑﺍﺭﺢﻄﺳﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ یﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ .
ATC-40
،
FEMA-273
ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺵوﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ
ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻧﺍ
] و2 3 .[
ﺍ ﺐﯿﺳﺁ ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺍﺮﯿﺧ یﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗﻂﺳﻮﺗ یﺮﮕﯾﺩیﺮﯾﺬﭘ
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺪﻨﮐ
ﯽﻧﺎﺗوﺍ .
(Otani)
ﻥﺯﻮﺳ و
(Sozen)
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺪﻨﭼ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﻦﺘﺑۀﺯﺎﺳﮏﯾ ﺮﮔﺍﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗﻪﮐ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ
ﺩﺭﺍویﻮﻗﮥﻟﺰﻟﺯﮏﯾ ﯽﻣﻢﯿﻠﺴﺗﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﺎﺑﻡوﺩﺭﺎﺑیﺍﺮﺑ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﮥﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﮏﯾ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﯽﻟو ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﻡوﺩ و ﻝوﺍ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﮥﯿﻟوﺍ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻡوﺩ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻉوﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ] 13 ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣﻪﮐﺖﻓﺮﮔﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧﻥﺯﻮﺳﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻦﯾﺍﺯﺍ .[
ﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻌﺑﺎﺗ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﯿﻟوﺍ ﺕ
ﻪﺑ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻡوﺩ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻉوﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻄﺑﺭ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻨﺘﺑ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻞﯿﻟﺩ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺤﯿﺤﺻ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﮥﯿﻟوﺍ ۀﺪﯾﺍ .
ﻂﺳﻮﺗﻪﮐﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﻗ
ﺍﺭﺎﺒ
(Ghobarah)
ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺩﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫو
ﺪﯾﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ 1999 ]
14
،[ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺑ وﻩﺩﻮ ﯽﻣﻪﻟﻮﻣﺮﻓﺮﯾﺯﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
(
kfinal k .initial)
DI =1− /
) 1 (
،ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
،ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ DI initial
k
ﺵﺮﺑﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻪﯿﻟوﺍﺐﯿﺷ ﭘ
ﻪﯾﺎ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺯﺍﻞﺒﻗﻡﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ-
و ﻩﺯﺮﻟ ﻦﯿﻣﺯ
final
ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺐﯿﺷ k
ﯽﻣ ﻩﺯﺮﻟ ﻦﯿﻣﺯ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ . ﺮﯿﻐﺘـﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺗ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ DI
وﺮﻓﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﮏﯾ و ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﺮﻔﺻﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﭘ
ﯽﺷﺎ
ﯽﻣﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . یﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ
ﺮﺑ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ
ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍی ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧﯽﻠﺒﻗﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗﺭﺩ،
ﺭﺩ یﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻡﺪﻋ ،ﯽﻨﺘﺑ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ]
15 [ ﺭﺩ . ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ یﺎﻬﻟﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻥﺍﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻨﻌﺑﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥﺁ یﺎﺟﻪﺑ وﺩﺭﺍﺩﻞﻣﺎﺗ یﺎﺟ،ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗﻥﺍﻮ
ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺵوﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﮐ
ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﺑ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و یﺍ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ
Archive of SID
یﺍﻩﺯﺮﻟﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ...
703
،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ
ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ ﻪﺑ .
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ یﺮﯿﮔﺭﺎﮑﺑ یﺍﺮﺑ
ﻠﻤﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺩﺮﮑ
ﺎﺑ
کﺮﺗ ﻦﺘﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﯿﻏ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ
ﺮ
ﯽﻋﺎﺠﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ، یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗیﺍﺮﺑیﺍ
ﺭﺎﯿﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﺘﺑ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯﻪﺑﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﻄﺧﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑﺮﻄﺧﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗﺯﺍﻪﮐ ﺳﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣو
ﻩﺯﺎ
، ﺭﺩﺎﻗ
ﯽﻣیﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳﺮﻫﺭﺩﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ) 1 ﯽﻣ ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺍﺭﺎﺒﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ (
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ یﺍﺮﺑﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐﻞﺑﺎﻗﻪﮐیﺭﻮﻃ ﻢﯾﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺑﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣیﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎ
ﺖﯿﻌﻗﺍوﻦﯾﺍﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ .
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ یﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺳﻪﮐ
،
ﯽﻘﻠﺗ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ یﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ و ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﯽﻋﺎﺠﺗﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥوﺪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻦﯾﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻥوﺰﻓﺍﺭﺎﺑﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗﺭﺩﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑوﺱﺎﺳﺍﻦﯾﺍﺮﺑ؛ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺪﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﻉوﺮﺷﺭﺩﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻨﻘﯿﺘﻣﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣیﺭ
ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﯾﺍﺎﺑ .
ﻦﯾﺍﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﮕﯾﺩ ِﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥوﺪﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻥﺎﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯾﺯ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ و ﺪﯾﺁ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ : ( )DI j =1−
(
kj/kOP)
; j=OP,IO,LS,CP) 2 (
،ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ( )DI j
و ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ
kj
ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ
ﻪﯾﺎﭘﺵﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣﻡﺎﺑﻥﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ-
و j kOP
ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺵﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ ﻡﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ-
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﻣ OP
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻕﻮﻓﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ .
، ﺭﺩﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﺮﻔﺻ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ یﺍﺮﺑ)
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﮏﯾو ( ﺵﺰﯾﺭوﺮﻓﺢﻄﺳیﺍﺮﺑ) ﺩﻮﺑﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ (
.
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥﺍﺰﯿﻣ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﺑیﺍ
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ) 2 ﻄﻣ یﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ( ﻖﺑﺎ
FEMA-273
و
ATC-40
ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .
یﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ
،ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﮏﯾ
ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻒﯾﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳﺯﺍﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﮐﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ
ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻪﮑﯿﺗﺭﻮﺻﺭﺩ
ﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ یﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺒ
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺳﺭ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ . ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐﺩﻮﺷ ﺵوﺭﻦﯾﺍ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ یﺍﺮﺑﺁﺭﺎﮐ وﻩﺩﺎﺳﺵوﺭ ﮏﯾ
ﻩﺯﺮﻟ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﮥﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ
ﺶﯿﭘ یﺎﻬﺴﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﯽﺗﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ یﺎﻬﯿﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ،ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ
ﻥﺁﺭﺩوﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺍﺭ ﻩﺯﺎﺳﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾﺩﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ
،
ﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ یﺯﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾﺩ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻡﺎ
ﺭﺩ .
ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﺯﺮﻟ
یﺍ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﺵوﺭ ﮏﯾ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥوﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺪﺷﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﻥﺁیﺍﺮﺑﻖﯿﻗﺩﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧوﺮﺛﻮﻣ .
ﻥوﺰﻓﺍﺭﺎﺑﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥوﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ
ﮏﯾ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ یﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ
یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑیﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺪﺑﺎﯾﯽﻣﺶﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍﻡﺎﮔﻪﺑﻡﺎﮔﺭﻮﻄﺑﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻢﯿﻠﺴﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺩﺭﺍو ﺞﯾﺭﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ یﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ یﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺎﺗ .
وﺮﯿﻧ ﯽﺸﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ -
ﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﯾﺯﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣ :
R F U
KT∆ =∆ +∆
) 3 (
،ﻥﺁﺭﺩﻪﮐ
KT
،ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﺳﺎﻤﻣ ﯽﺘﺨﺳﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ
∆U
،ﻩﺯﺎﺳیﺎﻬﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
∆F
وﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟیﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
∆R
ﺖﺳﺍیﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﮔﺮﻫﺭﺩﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣﺎﻧیﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ .
ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﯽﻠﺧﺍﺩ یﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ ،ﻡﺎﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﻨﯾﺁ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻦﺗﻮﯿﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﺵوﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .
ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﻬﺑﺍﻮﺟﯽﯾﺍﺮﮕﻤﻫﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐیﺍﺮﺑﻥﻮﺴﻓﺍﺭ .
ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻨﺘﺑ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧکﺮﺗ و ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ کﺮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﺘﺑ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ کﺮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ .
ﻮﻀﻋ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ،ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧ
ﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻨﺘﺑ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻩﺩﺭﺍو یﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﺻﺭﺩ100
ﺮﻧوﺩﻮﻤﻧﺽﺮﻓﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺖﺳﺍﺖﺑﺎﺛﻮﻀﻋﻝﻮﻃﺭﺩﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﻣ
.
کﺮﺗ ﯽﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻮﻀﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ،ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ کﺮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻤﻧوﻩﺩﺍﺩﺖﺳﺩﺯﺍﺍﺭﺩﻮﺧﯽﯾﺁﺭﺎﮐﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﺭﻮﻄﺑﺍﺭﻥﺁﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺽﺮﻓ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﻋﺍ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 100 ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾﺶﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧکﺮﺗﯽﺣﺍﻮﻧﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﻣﺮﻧﺖﻟﺎﺣﻦﯾﺍ
ﺨﻣ ﯽﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﯽﻣﺮﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ و ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻒﻠﺘ
ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑﺭﺩﯽﺸﻤﺧیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗیﺎﻀﻋﺍﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ .
Archive of SID
704
ﺪﻠﺟ،ﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ،40
ﻩﺎﻣﻥﺎﺑﺁ،5 1385
ﺽﺮﻓ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ
وﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﺮﮕﻨﻟ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﻂﺳوﺭﺩﯽﺸﻤﺧﺮﮕﻨﻟﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫﻮﻀﻋیﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﯽﻣﻮﻀﻋ ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧﻦﯾﺍﺯﺍیﺮﯿﮔﻩﺮﻬﺑﺎﺑﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ و ﯽﻣﺮﻧ ﺭ
ﻞﮑﺷﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑﯽﺸﻤﺧ )
1 ﯽﻣﺽﺮﻓ(
،ﻥﺁﺭﺩﻪﮐﺩﺩﺮﮔ
1/EI0
ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﯽﻣﺮﻧ کﺮﺗ
،ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧ
EIA
/
ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﯽﻣﺮﻧ 1
،ﻮﻀﻋ یﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
EIB
/
،ﻮﻀﻋ یﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﯽﻣﺮﻧ 1
ﻝﻮﻃ aL
کﺮﺗ و ﻮﻀﻋ یﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ کﺮﺗ ﻝﻮﻃ bL
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ
ﯽﻣﻮﻀﻋیﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏﺖﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩﯽﻨﺘﺑﻮﻀﻋﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﻣﺮﻧﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ : .
ﺮﮕﻨﻟﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ
،ﺢﻠﺴﻣﻦﺘﺑیﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺳﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍﺮﻫیﺎﻨﺤﻧﺍ-
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﺑﯽﻨﯿﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ
،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩ .
ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ،ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻗﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻄﺧ ﻪﺳ )
2 ﺮﮕﻨﻟ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ یﺍﺮﺑ ( ﺎﻨﺤﻧﺍ-
ﯽﻣﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
،ﻥﺁﺭﺩﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ
Mcr
کﺮﺗﺮﮕﻨﻟ
،ﯽﮔﺩﺭﻮﺧ
My
،ﻢﯿﻠﺴﺗ ﺮﮕﻨﻟ
Mu
،ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺮﮕﻨﻟ
Φy
،ﻢﯿﻠﺴﺗ یﺎﻨﺤﻧﺍ
Φu
و ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ یﺎﻨﺤﻧﺍ
EI0
کﺮﺗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ۀﺩﺭﻮﺨﻧ
ﻦﺘﺑﻮﻀﻋ ﯽﻣﺢﻠﺴﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻞﮑﺷ 2 ﺮﮕﻨﻟﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ : ﯽﻄﺧﻪﺳیﺎﻨﺤﻧﺍ-
.
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣﻞﺣیﺍﺮﺑ )
3 ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍﻪﮐﺖﺳﺍﻡﺯﻻ (
ﺩﺩﺮﮔﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍﯽﺳﺎﻤﻣﯽﺘﺨﺳ .
ﯽـﺸﻤﺧﯽﺘﺨـﺳﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎـﻣ
ـﺘﺑﺍیﺎﻬـﺸﺧﺮﭼوﺎﻫﺮﮕﻨﻟﻂﺑﺍﺭﻪﮐﯽﻨﺘﺑﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ یﺎـﻬﺘﻧﺍوﺍﺪ
ﯽﻣﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻪـﺑﺖﺒـﺴﻧﺮـﯿﺗیﺎـﻬﺘﻧﺍوﺩﻪﮐﺽﺮﻓﻦﯾﺍﺎﺑ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﯾﺯﮥﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ؛ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧﯽﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟﺭﺎﺘﻧﺎﯿﻣﻂﺧ
ﺖﺳﺍ :
=
=
B A
bb ab
ab aa B
A S
k k
k k M or M K
M θ
θ θ
) 4 (
،ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ MA
و MB
،ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ و ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺮﮕﻨﻟ θA
و θB
و ﻮﻀﻋ یﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ و ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ kaa
، kab
و kbb
ﻪﯾﺍﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﺘﺨﺳﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣیﺎﻫ ﻪﯾﺍﺭﺩ .
یﺎﻫ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺕﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﺘﺨﺳﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ یﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ و ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﺘﻓﺭ یﺍﺮﺑ
ﯽﻨﺘﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﯽﻄﺧﺮﯿﻏ ﺭ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ )
1
،( ﯽﻣ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯾﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺕﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ یﺍﺮﺑ ]
16 ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ [
ﺩﻮﺷ .
bb aa aa ab bb ab aa ab
e bb B A aa
f f k k f f k k
D Lf EI EI EI k
/
; /
/
=
=
=12 0
) 5 ( ﮥﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﯾﺩﺎﻘﻣ،5
faa
،
fab
،
fbb
و
De
ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ
( A) B
A EI EI EI
S = 0−
و ( B) A
B EI EI EI
S = 0−
ﻂﺑﺍوﺭ ﺯﺍ ، 6
ﯽﻣﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
.
2 2
3 2 3
3 2 3
2
3 3
2
4 6 4
2 2
2
4 6 4
L f f f D
b b b S a S EI EI f
b b S a a S EI EI f
b S a a a S EI EI f
ab bb aa e
B A B A bb
B A
B A ab
B A
B A aa
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
−
=
+
− +
+
=
−
−
−
−
−
=
+ +
− +
=
) 6 ( ﺎﺑﺮﮕﻨﻟوﺵﺮﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﺭﻪﮐﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍﻞﮐﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﺘﺨﺳﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻖﺒﻃ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ یﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ و ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ و ﻢﺋﺎﻗﯽﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ ﮥﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ 7
ﺩﻮﺷ ] 16 ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ [
KB
ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍﻞﮐﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﺘﺨﺳ .
T E S E
B R K R
K = ) 7 ( ﻪﮑﯿﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ :
−
= −
1 1 1
1 1 1
L L
L RTE L
/ /
/
/
) 8 ( ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺍﺭ یﺭﻮﺤﻣ یوﺮﯿﻧﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﯽﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ و یﺭﻮﺤﻣ یوﺮﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﮐ یﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﯽﻣ ﻮﻀﻋیﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ وﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ یﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﮥﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣﺯﺍﻪﮐ ﯽﻣﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ9
ﺩﻮﺷ .
L KA EA
−
= − 1 1
1
1 ) 9 ( ﻢﻬﯾوﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﮐﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺬﮔ ﮏﯾ ﺭﺩیﺭﻮﺤﻣ وﯽﺸﻤﺧﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ یﺭﺍ
Archive of SID
یﺍﻩﺯﺮﻟﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ...
705
ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ
× 6 ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ 6 ﺎﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ و ﺪﯾﺁ
ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ یﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻢﻬﯾوﺭ ﯽﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ،ﻥوﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ یﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻬﻟﺪﻣ .
ﻠﺤﺗ
،ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﺯﺍﺮﺗﺭﺩﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟیوﺮﯿﻧﻊﯾﺯﻮﺗیﺍﺮﺑﻥوﺰﻓﺍﺭﺎﺑﻞﯿ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﯾﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻟﺪﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻟﺪﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﯾ .
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ
FEMA273
ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ و ﺪﻨﮐ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ یﺩوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﺷﺎﻌﺗﺭﺍ یﺎﻫﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ .
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﮐﻊﯾﺯﻮﺗﻝﺪﻣﻦﯾﺍﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻥﺎﯿﺑ10
ﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ
،ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ و ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩ
Wi
ﺮﻫ ﻥﺯو
،ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
Hi
،ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﭘ ﺯﺍﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃﺮﻫ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ns
ﻥﺍﻮﺗو ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻩﺭوﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍیﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ µ
ﺯﺍﻥﺁﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ،ﻩﺯﺎﺳﯽﻠﺻﺍﺏوﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﺗ1
ﺳﺍﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ2 ﺖ .
∑
== ns
i i i
i i i
H W
H F W
1 µ
µ
) 10 ( ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑوﯽﺳﺎﻤﻣ ﯽﺘﺨﺳﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﺯﺍﺲﭘ ﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﯿﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ،ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﺕﺎﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﺟﺭﺎﺧ
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ و ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ 1
ﺩﻮﻤﻧﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗﺍﺭ ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﺷﺍﺩﺎﺑﻝﺎﺣ .
ﻦﺘ
ﺖﻓﺎﯾﺖﺳﺩﻩﺯﺎﺳﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳﻪﺑﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣﺮﻄﺧﺡﻮﻄﺳ .
ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﺯﺍ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩ
FEMA273
] 2 ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩو [
یﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ ] 17 ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺡﻮﻄﺳﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗیﺍﺮﺑ [ .
وﺩ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺵوﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ وﺩ ﺭﺩ .
ﻄﺧﺢﻄﺳوﺩ،ﺮﮐﺬﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﯾوﺭﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑﯽﻠﺻﺍﺮ
10 ﺭﺩ % 50
وﻝﺎﺳ 2 ﺭﺩ % ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺩﻮﺟوﻝﺎﺳ50 ﺮﮕﯾﺩﺮﻄﺧﺡﻮﻄﺳیﺍﺮﺑ .
ﺩﺮﯿﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺵوﺭ ﺯﺍ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺡﻮﻄﺳﯽﻔﯿﻃﺏﺎﺘﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ یﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﺗﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﺗﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺵوﺭ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻤﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ یﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ و یﺰﯿﺧ ﻩﺯﺮﻟ ،یﺍﻩﺯﺮﻟ ی
ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ،ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺏﺎﺘﺷ و ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﺷ)
ﺡﺮﻃﻒﯿﻃ ،ﯽﻔﯿﻃ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑﺮﻄﺧﺡﻮﻄﺳﺯﺍ ﮏﯾﺮﻫیﺍﺮﺑ (
ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ،ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﺭوﺩ ﺎﯾ ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﻉﻮﻗو ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ .
ﻥﺍوﻮﻧﺩﯽﮔﺪﻨﻫﺎﮐﻝﺪﻣﺯﺍ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍیﺍﺮﺑ)
ﻊﺟﺮﻣﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣﻦﯾﺍﺩﺭﻮﻣﺭﺩﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ]
18 ﺟﺍﺮﻣ [ ﺩﻮﺷﻪﻌ ﻪﮐ (
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ یﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﯾﺍ ﻂﯾﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ]
19 ﻊﺟﺮﻣﻪﺑﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣﺮﻄﺧﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑﺕﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟیﺍﺮﺑ .[
] 16 ﺩﻮﻤﻧﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ [ .
ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ یﺍ
یﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ
،ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ یﺍ
ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﮥﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻣ
و ﯽﺳﺎﻤ
،ﻩﺯﺎﺳ یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ
یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﺸﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍ یﺎﻬﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻥوﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧﺁ و ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ،
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺍ ﻪﺑ . ﯾ ﺮﮕﻨﻟ یﺎﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ یﺎﻨﺤﻧﺍ -
ﻮﺧﺭﻮﻄﺑﻊﻄﻘﻣﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩﺎﺑﺎﻬﻨﺗ،ﻩﺯﺎﺳیﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺭﺎﮐﺩ
ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﺮﻫﺭﺩوﺪﻧﻮﺷﯽﻣﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻂﺳﻮﺗ یﺭﻮﺤﻣیوﺮﯿﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ,
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ .
ﺮﮕﻨﻟ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻨﺤﻧﺍ-
]
، 5 20 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ [ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ .
ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
، ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﺭﺩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣﺰﯿﻧ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﯽﯾﺎﺟ ﺎﺗ یﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ .
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ
ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓیﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﺑﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ یﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﯾﺁ
، ﻦﯾﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩوﻼﻋ
، ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
وﺮﯿﻧ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ-
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟو ﺰﯿﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ .
،
ﻞﺻﺎﻔﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ و ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ یﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ
،ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺭﺩ ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ ،ﯽﮔﺩﺭﻮﺧ کﺮﺗ یﺎﻬﻟﻮﻃ
یﺎﻬﺸﺧﺮﭼ ،ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﯽﻠﺧﺍﺩ یﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ ،ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻫﺭﺩ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩﻩﺪﺷﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍوﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ،ﺐﯾﺍﺮﺿ ﺵوﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ یﺪﻌﺑ ﺶﺨﺑوﺩ ﺭﺩ . ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺁﺭﺎﮐﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ یﺍﺮﺑ ,
ﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ یﺍ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ یﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺕ
،ﺢﻠﺴﻣﻦﺘﺑﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﺩﺩﺮﮔﯽﻣﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ
.
ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺎﺑﺁﻪﻣﺎﻧﻦﯿﺋﺁو2800
ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ یﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ
، ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺘﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﺘﺑ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ یﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ و ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ ,
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺸﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ .
ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ یﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﺑ یﺪﻌﺑ وﺩ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﺘﺑ ﺏﺎﻗ
Archive of SID
706
ﺪﻠﺟ،ﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ،40
ﻩﺎﻣﻥﺎﺑﺁ،5 1385
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗﺯﺍﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗﻩﺩوﺪﺤﻣﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺵوﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ 2800
] 21 ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ [ و ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺕﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ .
ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻖﯿﻗﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ]
22 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ [ .
ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﻼﯾﺫﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﻦﯾﺍﯽﻠﮐﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺩﺭﻮﻣیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
،5
،8 و12 15
ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﮕﻨﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ .
ﻨﻣ ﻉﻮﻧوﺩیﺍﺮﺑوﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺎﯾﺯﯽﻠﯿﺧیﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﻄﺧ ﺎﺑﻪﻘﻄ
ﻩﮋﯾو ﯽﻨﺘﺑ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﺏﺎﻗ) ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ یﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﻄﺧ و (
ﺏﺎﻗ)
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣﯽﻨﺘﺑﯽﺸﻤﺧ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ (
ویﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ2800
ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺎﺑﺁ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻦﯿﺋﺁ ﻖﺒﻃ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ .
4
ﻝﻮﻃﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ و ﺮﺘﻣ 4
2 / ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ 3 .
ﺮﺑﺭﺎﺑﺽﺮﻋ یﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﻪﯿﻠﮐ وﺮﺘﻣ4
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﺑیﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺎﺑو760
ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ200
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﻖﺒﻃ ﯽﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣﻉﻮﻧﺯﺍﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﺖﯿﻤﻫﺍ . 2800
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﯾﺁﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ .
,
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﺘﺑ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ 30
ﻝوﺪﻣ ,
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﺘﺑﻪﺘﯿﺴﯿﺘﺳﻻﺍ 27386
ﻝﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ ﺮﮐ ,
ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺶﻧ
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﺘﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ 002
/
،0 ﻦﺘﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺶﻧﺮﮐ
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ 003 /
،0 ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﻻﻮﻓ ﻥﺪﺷ یﺭﺎﺟ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ 300
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﻻﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﯿﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻝوﺪﻣ و ﻝﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ 200000
ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻝﺎﮑﺳﺎﭘﺎﮕﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ .
ﻝوﺪﺟﺭﺩﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ )
1 ﻞﮑﺷوﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﻪﺻﻼﺧ( )
3 یﺎﻤﻧ(
ﺍﺭﺎﻬﻧﺁﯽﻠﮐ ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧ
.
ﺩﺪﻋ ﮏﯾ و ﻑﺮﺣ وﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺮﻫ یﺭﺍﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻧﻦﯿﺒﻣ ﻝوﺍ ﻑﺮﺣﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
H) یﺍﺮﺑ
و ﻻﺎﺑ یﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﺑ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﺑ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ یﺍﺮﺑ M
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣیﺮﯾﺬﭘ
،( ﻡوﺩﻑﺮﺣ
،
،R
ﯽﮕﻨﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑﻑﺮﻌﻣ
،ﺩﺪﻋو
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣﺏﺎﻗﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ وﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣیﺍﺮﺑ .
ﻫﺭﻮﺗﺎﻣﺭﺁ ﻊﺟﺮﻣﻪﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺳیﺎﻬﻧﻮﺘﺳوﺎﻫﺮﯿﺗیﺎ ]
22 ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ [
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ ،ﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ . ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 50
ﺩﺍﺪﯾوﺭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ)
ﺎﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ،1
ﻊﺟﺮﻣﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻪﻔﻗوﯽﺑﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳ 16
،(
ﺩﺍﺪﯾوﺭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ10 ﺢﻄﺳ)
ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳﺎﺑﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ،2
یﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ 1 و (
ﺩﺍﺪﯾوﺭﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ2
ﺢﻄﺳ) ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ،3 ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ 2
یﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ ﻖﺒﻃﺮﻄﺧﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗﺎﻬﻧﺁیﺍﺮﺑوﻩﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧﺭﺩ (
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻥوﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ،ﺪﺷ ﺮﮐﺫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ . ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﺪﺷ
، وﺪﻧﺪﺷﻝﺪﻣیﺍﻪﻧﺎﯾﺍﺭﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻂﯿﺤﻣﺭﺩﺎﻫﻩﺯﺎﺳﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧﺁ
ﺶﺨﺑ
،ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ یوﺭ ﺮﺑ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ )
4 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ( ﺭﺩ .
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﻦﯾﺍ یﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻑﺪﻫ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﮑﻣﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ) (
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ یﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺐﯾﺍﺮﺿﺵوﺭ ﺯﺍ 3
- 14
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩﻦﯾﺍ ]
17 ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧو [
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ و ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ یﺎﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨﻣ یوﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﮑﺷیﺎﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨﻣﺯﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗﺕﺎﮑﻧ . )
4 ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣﺍﺭ(
ﺩﻮﻤﻧﻪﺻﻼﺧﺮﯾﺯﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣﺭﺩ :
1 ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ - ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇیﺎﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨ
ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ,
ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻧﺁﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﻪﻤﻫ .
2 ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑﻻﺎﺑیﺮﯾﺬﭘﻞﮑﺷﺎﺑیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﻪﻤﻫﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ-
ﻩﻮﺤﻧ و ﺖﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ یﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﺑ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧوﺩﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﺯﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺩﯽﺒﺴﻧ یﺎﻬﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﻊﯾﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍﺕوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻢﻫﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﻗ ﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣﺍﺭ ﺕوﺎﻔﺗﻦﯾﺍﺖﻠﻋ .
ﺭﺩﻥ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻻﺎﺑیﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﺑیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺶﯾﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻊﯾﺯﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺕوﺎﻔﺗ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ یﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﺑ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﻧﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ،ﺏﺎﻗﻉﻮﻧوﺩﻦﯾﺍﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﺭﺩﯽﺘﺨﺳ .
3 ﻻﺎﺑیﺮﯾﺬﭘﻞﮑﺷﺎﺑیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧیﺎﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨﻣ -
ﺏﺎﻗ ﺭﺩﺰﺠﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣو ﻪﻘﺒﻃ 5
ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻘﺒﻄﻨﻣﻢﻫﺮﺑﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ,
ﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨﻣ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﮑﯿﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ یﺎ
ﻪﮑﻨﯾﺍ ﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑﻪﮐﺖﺷﺍﺩﻥﺎﯿﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣﻦﯾﺍﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ یﺮﯾﺬﭘﻞﮑﺷﺢﻄﺳوﺩﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩﺎﺑﺁﻂﺳﻮﺗﻩﺪﺷﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﺕﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻦﯾﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺕوﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﺗﺮﯾﺬﭘﻞﮑﺷﻪﮑﻧﺁیﺎﺠﺑ ﺎﺑﺁﺭﺩﻻﺎﺑیﺮﯾﺬﭘﻞﮑﺷﺎﺑیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﺩیﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍ
.
4 ﻞﮑﺷ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ یﺎﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ یﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ -
) 4 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ( ﯽﺒﺴﻧﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺭﺩﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻤﻫ ,
ﺩوﺪﺣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻩﺩوﺪﺤﻣ ﺩﺭﺍوﺪﺻﺭﺩ 1
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﺍﺭ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻩﺩوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ .
ﻩﺩوﺪﺤﻣﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗیﺍﺮﺑ ,
و5 ﻞﮑﺷﺎﺑﻪﻘﺒﻃ8
وﻻﺎﺑیﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺯﺍﺶﯿﺑﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗیﺍﺮﺑوﺪﺻﺭﺩ97 12
و ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ و ﻻﺎﺑ یﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ 15 95
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
5 ﻞﮑﺷﺭﺩﺖﻗﺩﺎﺑ - )
4 ﺭﺩﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ (
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ یﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ و FEMA
یﺍﺮﺑ ATC
ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺢﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﺘﺑ ﯽﺸﻤﺧ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻔﻗو ﯽﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
، و ﯽﻧﺎﺟ ﯽﻨﻤﯾﺍ ﺵﺰﯾﺭوﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ یﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ
Archive of SID
یﺍﻩﺯﺮﻟﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﯽﺑﺎﯾﺯﺭﺍ ...
707
ﻠﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ) یﺎﻬ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ
،1 و 2 ﺎﯾ 4 P V / ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 33 ( ,
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﮐ ﺭﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺕﺍﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻩﺩوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﯿﻣ .
ﻝوﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ )
2 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ( ﻥﺍﺰﯿﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﮐ .
ﻦﯾﺍیﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣﺭﺩﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺕﺍﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺍﺭﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗﻦﯾﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻤ
ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧوﻩﺪﺷﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣﯽﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧﺩﺭﺍوﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐﯽﻣﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﺍﺭﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳیﺍﺮﺑﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﻩﺩوﺪﺤﻣﻦﯾﺍ .
یﺍﺮﺑ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ ﺵﺰﯾﺭوﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ یﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﯽﻣﺰﯿﻧﯽﻧﺎﺟﯽﻨﻤﯾﺍﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳ ﻗو ﯽﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳیﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﻟو ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻔ
ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻦﯿﻨﮐﺎﺳ ﺎﯾ ﻥﺎﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ,
ﻝﺍوﺯﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﺍﺮﯾﺯﺖﺴﯿﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗﻪﺟوﭻﯿﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃﺍ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 95
ﺪﻫﺩﯽﻣﺶﻫﺎﮐﺕﺪﺷﻪﺑﺍﺭﺎﻫﻩﺯﺎﺳﻦﯾﺍ .
6 ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ - ﯽّﻤﮐ یﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺱﺎﺳ
FEMA273
و
ATC40
ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ)
ﯽﺒﺴﻧ 1
،% 2 و % (. . . ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﺕوﺎﻀﻗ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻤﻫ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ،2800 و1
2 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍﺭﺩﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗﻖﺒﻃ) (
ﺩوﻪﻔﻗوﯽﺑﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋیﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳﺭ
3
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ) ﯽﻧﺎﺟ ﯽﻨﻤﯾﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ (
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ .
7 ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ -
ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ 1
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ) 50 ﺮﻄﺧﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ،(%
ﺩﺎﯾﺯﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ2 ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ)
50 ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ و %
% 95 ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ و ( ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ3
ﺩﺎﯾﺯ ﺯﺍﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ) 95 ﻞﻣﺎﮐﯽﺑﺍﺮﺧﺯﺍﻞﺒﻗﯽﻟو % ﯽﻣﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﺍﺭ (
ﺮﻄﺧﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ ،ﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣﻦﯾﺍﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﺮﮕﯾﺩﺕﺭﺎﺒﻌﺑ؛ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻔﻗوﯽﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋیﺍﺭﺍﺩ 1
ﺮﻄﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ و ﯽﻧﺎﺟ ﯽﻨﻤﯾﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ 2 یﺍﺭﺍﺩ 3
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺵﺰﯾﺭوﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ یﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺩﺭوﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ی ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .
ﺩوﺪﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧﺍ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ یﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻤﮑﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﻝﺍوﺯ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺭﺩﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺡﻮﻄﺳﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺮﻈﻧﺭﺩﺎﺑ)
ﯽﻨﺘﺑ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺯﺍ یﺮﺘﻌﯿﺳوﻩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺩﻮﻤﻧﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ (
.
ﺩوﺪﺣ ﻦﯾﺍﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ یﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﯿﻧ
ﺪﺠﻨﮔﯽﻤﻧﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦﯾﺍﺭﺎﮐﺐﻟﺎﻗﺭﺩﻪﮐﺩﺭﺍﺩ .
ﻞﮑﺷ 3 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺩﺭﻮﻣیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﯽﻠﮐیﺎﻤﻧ : .
ﻝوﺪﺟ 1 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺩﺭﻮﻣیﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗﯽﻠﮐﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ : .
ﺏﺎﻗﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ R
H5 R H8 R R H12 H15 R M5 R M8 R M12 R
M15
ﻞﮐﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ)
( 16
6 / 25 4 / 38 48 16
6 / 25 4 / 38 48
ﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃﻪﯾﺎﭘﺵﺮﺑ ﻦﺗﻮﯿﻧﻮﻠﯿﮐ)
( 179
4 / 226 3 / 277 310
8 / 159 1 / 202 6 / 247 8
/ 276
ﻬﻧﻮﺘﺳﭗﯿﺗﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎ
6 7
8 9
3 7
8 12
ﺎﻫﺮﯿﺗﭗﯿﺗﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 12
12 25
35 8
6 22
25
Archive of SID
708
ﺪﻠﺟ،ﯽﻨﻓﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ،40
ﻩﺎﻣﻥﺎﺑﺁ،5 1385
ﻞﮑﺷ 4 ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧیﺎﻬﯿﻨﺤﻨﻣ : ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣﯽﺒﺴﻧﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗیﺍﺯﺍﻪﺑﯽﺒﺴﻧﻞﮑﺷﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ,
ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇوﺪﺻﺭﺩ4 ﭗﭼﻪﺑﺖﺳﺍﺭﺯﺍﺐﯿﺗﺮﺘﺑ)
یﺍﺮﺑ (
یﺎﻬﺑﺎﻗ
،5
،8 و12 ﻪﻘﺒﻃ15 ﭘﻪﺑﻻﺎﺑﺯﺍﺐﯿﺗﺮﺘﺑ) ﻦﯿﺋﺎ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑﻩﺪﺷﯽﺣﺍﺮﻃ ( ﺎﺑﺁﻪﻣﺎﻧﻦﯿﺋﺁو2800
.
ﻝوﺪﺟ 2 ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍیﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘیﺎﻫﺭﺎﯿﻌﻣﺭﺩﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﺕﺍﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ : وFEMA
.ATC
یﺮﯾﺰﭘﻞﮑﺷﻉﻮﻧ ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 5
8 12 15
5 8
12 15
ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ)
( 1 / 98 1 / 97 4 / 95 6 / 96 4 / 97 6 / 97 7 / 95 4 / 95
ﺴﺧﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﺕﺭﺎ
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ) ( 6 / 99 8 / 99 7 / 99 8 / 99 99 8 / 99 8 / 99 7 / 99
