Comparison of resilience between the elite and normal people

 

202

Comparison of resilience between the elite and normal people

Hanieh Balouchi¹, Masoud Mohamadi²,

Ghasem Naziri²

1 MSc, Department of Psychology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

(Received September 21, 2013; Accepted March 4, 2014)

Abstract

Background and purpose: Resilience is the emerging fields of psychology and has occupied a special stance in psychology within the past two decades. The importance of these psychological constructs and lack of studies in the society of elites which play an essential role in a country's science and technology lead to perform this research aiming to review the differences between the elites and normal people.

Materials and methods: Corpus of the present study was 169 elites of Fars province, Iran and 169 normal people. To this end, we utilized Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaires: T-test was used to analyze the data.

Results: Results of the present study showed that resilience within elites with t = 4.16 and significant level

  0.001 significantly was higher than normal people.

Conclusion: A high level of resilience in the elite can be associated with power of creativity, problem solving, self-efficacy, planning and their higher cognitive intelligence.

Keywords: Resilience, elite people, normal people

J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2014; 23(Suppl 2): 203-5 (Persian).

   

لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ :

: ﻲﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﻫ -

زاﺮﻴﺷ : ﺗ

،ارﺎﭼﺎ نﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ

،ﺖﻤﻜﺣ ﺖﻤﻜﺣ 7 ، كﻼﭘ 87 E-mail: haniyehbalouchi@yahoo.com .

1 . سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ

،ﺪﺷرا هوﺮﮔ

،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ

،ﻲﻣﻼﺳا ﺪﺣاو مﻮﻠﻋ و

،تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

،زاﺮﻴﺷ ناﺮﻳا

2 .

،رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ

،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ

،ﻲﻣﻼﺳا ﺪﺣاو مﻮﻠﻋ و

،تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

،زاﺮﻴﺷ ناﺮﻳا

رد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ : 30 / 6 / 1392 تﺎﺣﻼﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ عﺎﺟرا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

29 / 11 / 1392 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 13 / 12 / 1392

نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ مﻮﺳ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود

هﮋﻳو ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ 2 ، ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1392

203

نارﺪـــﻧزﺎــﻣ ﻲــــﻜــﺷﺰــﭘ مﻮـــﻠــﻋ هﺎﮕـــﺸـﻧاد ﻪــــﻠــﺠﻣ هرود مﻮﺳ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هﮋﻳو ﻪﻣﺎﻧ 2 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا لﺎﺳ 1392 ) 205 - 203 (

هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ

بﺎﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ يدﺎﻋ و ﻪﺒﺨﻧ داﺮﻓا رد يروآ

ﻲﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﻫ 1

يﺪﻤﺤﻣ دﻮﻌﺴﻣ 2

يﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ 2

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

و ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ فﺪﻫ : بﺎﺗ هزﻮﺣ زا يروآ ناور رﻮﻬﻇﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻫد ود رد و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

هﮋﻳو هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﻴﺧا هداد صﺎـﺼﺘﺧا دﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ ار يا

ﺖﺳا . ناور هزﺎﺳ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ رد نآ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ مﺪﻋ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

يژﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ و ﻢـﻠﻋ رد ار ﻲﺳﺎﺳا ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻛ نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳا رﻮﺸﻛ ﻚﻳ بﺎﺗ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ هوﺮﮔ ود رد يروآ ﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ يدﺎﻋ داﺮﻓا و

ﺖ .

شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

: ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ يا

169 و سرﺎﻓ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ زا ﺮﻔﻧ 169

داﺮـﻓا زا ﺮﻔﻧ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ و بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا يدﺎـﻋ

بﺎﺗ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ يروآ

Connor

و

Davidson

ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا درﻮﻣ .

هداد ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺖـﻬﺟ

مﺮـﻧ زا ﺎـﻫ راﺰـﻓا

ﻪﺨـﺴﻧ

SPSS

16 و

يرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

t

.

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : بﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ رد يروآ 16

/ 4 = ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد

t

يراد

001 /

< 0 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

P

يدﺎﻋ داﺮﻓا زا يراد

دﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ .

جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا : بﺎﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ندﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ار نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ رد يروآ

ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،يﺪـﻣارﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ،ﻪﻟﺄـﺴﻣ ﻞـﺣ ،ﺖـﻴﻗﻼﺧ ترﺪـﻗ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮﺗ شﻮـﻫ و يﺰـﻳر

ﺖﺴﻧاد ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ نﺎﻧآ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ .

يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو :

بﺎﺗ يدﺎﻋ داﺮﻓا ،ﻪﺒﺨﻧ داﺮﻓا ،يروآ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

لﺎﺳ رد ناور دﺮﻜﻳور ﺮﻴﺧا يﺎﻫ ﻌـﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ رﺎ

ﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ

يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ و ناﺮﮕـﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ درﻮـﻣ نﺎـﺴﻧا يﺎـﻫ

هزﻮﺣ ناور ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ

. ،نﺎـﻴﻣ ﻦـﻳا رد

بﺎﺗ يروآ )

Resilience

(

هﮋـﻳو هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ رد صﻮـﺼﺧ ﻪـﺑ ار يا

ناور هزﻮــﺣ ناور ،ﻲﻟﻮــﺤﺗ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﺖــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و هداﻮﻧﺎــﺧ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﺖﺳا هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧاور

) 1

.

(

Garmezy Masten

و

بﺎﺗ ﻲﻳﺎـﻧاﻮﺗ ،ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ار يروآ

ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺎﻳ ،هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻣآ

هدﻮﻤﻧ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺪﻧا

) 2

.

(

بﺎـﺗ ﻊﻗاو رد رد ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ يرﺎﮔزﺎـﺳ ،يروآ

ﺖـﺳا راﻮﮔﺎﻧ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﻛاو

) 3

.

(

بﺎـﺗ رد دﺮـﻓ ﺖـﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ يروآ

ﻲﺘــﺴﻳز لدﺎــﻌﺗ يراﺮــﻗﺮﺑ -

ﻲــﻧاور - ــﺷ ﻞــﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ،يﻮــﻨﻌﻣ ﻂﻳاﺮ

هﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

) 4

يﺎﻫﺪـﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ دﻮـﺧ ﻢﻴﻣﺮـﺗ ﻲﻋﻮـﻧ ؛

(

ﺖـﺳا هاﺮـﻤﻫ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ

) 8 - 5

.

(

ﻦـﻳا زا ور

ﻲﻤﻧ يدﻮﺒﻬﺑ لدﺎﻌﻣ ار نآ ناﻮﺗ

Self-mastery

)

( اﺮـﭼ ؛ﺖـﺴﻧاد

ﻲﻧﺎــﺠﻴﻫ تﻼﻜــﺸﻣ و ﻲــﻔﻨﻣ يﺎﻫﺪــﻣﺎﻴﭘ دﺮــﻓ ،يدﻮــﺒﻬﺑ رد ﻪــﻛ -

ﻲــﻣ ﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗ ار ﻲﻔﻃﺎــﻋ ﺪــﻨﻛ

) 9

.

(

بﺎــﺗ ــﻜﻳ يروآ ياﺰــﺟا زا ﻲ

ﻲﻣ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز و يدﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ دﻮﺷ

. داﺮـﻓا

بﺎﺗ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ روآ ﻲﻣ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺗ

شﻼﺗ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ هﮋـﻳو ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﻫد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا راﻮﺷد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ

) 10

.

(

هوﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

بﺎﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ نآ رد يروآ

ﻲـﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ يروﺮﺿ ﺎﻫ نﺎـﮕﺒﺨﻧ ،ﺪـﺳر

ﻲﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ اﺮﭼ ؛ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ،ﺶﻳﻮﺧ ﺖﻳارد و ﻞﻘﻋ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

نآ زا ﺢﻴﺤﺻ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ

رد ار يﺮـﺗ

ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳا رﻮﺸﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺪﺷر و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

.

شﻮـﺧ رد نﺎـﮕﺒﺨﻧ ،يﺪـﻤﺤﻣ و ﻲﭼﻮـﻠﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد و ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ

ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد راﺮﻗ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ رد يدﺎﻋ داﺮﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺖﻴﻗﻼﺧ

بﺎﺗ ﻪﺒﺨﻧ داﺮﻓا رد يروآ

204 ﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠ

مﻮﺳ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود هﮋﻳو ،

ﻪﻣﺎﻧ 2 ، ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1392

) 11

.

(

وﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻞـﻤﺤﺗ ﻪـﻔﻟﺆﻣ رد نﺎـﮕﺒﺨﻧ ،ﺶﻫ

ﻲﻧاور رﺎﺸﻓ -

بﺎﺗ رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣ يروآ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ - ﻪـﺑ ﺰـﻴﻧ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يراد

ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ .

،ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪـﻔﻟﺆﻣ رد نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ ﻞـﺣ يﺎـﻫ

ﻞــﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻲــﮕﻤﻫ ﻪــﻛ يدﺮــﻓ ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻂــﺑاور و ﻲﻣﺎﻛدﺎــﺷ ،ﻪﻟﺄــﺴﻣ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ بﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يروآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا يﺮﺗ

يﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ .

نآ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧدﺮﻛ ناﻮـﻨﻋ دﻮـﺧ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺎـﻫ

ﺶﻧاد

هﺮـﻤﻧ و ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎـﺳ ترﺪـﻗ شﻮـﻫﺰﻴﺗ نازﻮـﻣآ يﺎـﻫ

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ

ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد سﺮﺘـﺳا لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ رد يﺮﺗ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ يﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻧراد . ،ﺎﺘـﺳار ﻦﻴﻤﻫ رد و

Lee

Olszewski-Kubilius )

12

و

(

و

Kent )Rolf 13

ﻲــﮔﮋﻳو ﻲــﺧﺮﺑ

(

بﺎــﺗ يﺎــﻫ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ار يروآ

ترﺎﻬﻣ و ﻲﻳارﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ،دﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ،ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻀﻓ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﺴﻧاد يﺰﻳر .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﻣﺎـﻋ شﻮـﻫ ﻪـﻛ دراد نآ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺣ ﺎﻫ

بﺎﺗ رد هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ ار ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻦـﻳا فﻼـﺧ ﻲـﺧﺮﺑ و ﺖـﺳا يروآ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

) 17 - 14

.

( Friborg

ﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

نار شﻮـﻫ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧدﺮﻛ نﺎﻴﺑ

بﺎــﺗ يﺎﻫﺪــﻣﺎﻴﭘ ياﺮــﺑ مزﻻ طﺮــﺷ ﻻﺎــﺑ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﻪــﺑ و ﺖــﺴﻴﻧ يروآ

ﻲـﻣ

هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺖــﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﻲﻳﺎــﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪـﺳر ﻪــﺑ ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ يا

ﻦﻳا صﻮﺼﺧ

ﺖـﺳا طﺎـﺒﺗرا رد ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ و ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ

) 18

.

(

ﺎـﺑ

نآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ رد ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲـﺧﺮﺑ رد نﺎـﮕﺒﺨﻧ ،ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﭼ

بﺎــﺗ ﺮﺗﻻﺎــﺑ ﻲﺤﻄــﺳ رد يروآ ﻲﺤﻄــﺳ رد ﻞــﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲــﺧﺮﺑ رد و

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺮﺗ

ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ زا ﻲـﺧﺮﺑ و ﺪـﻧراد راﺮﻗ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ ﺎـﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻳارا ار ﻲﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻫد

. ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ رد ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ

ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ مﺎــﺠﻧا مﺪــﻋ و ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ تﺎــﻴﺑدا ﻲــﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﻛ ﻲﻳﺎــﻫ

بﺎﺗ فﺪـﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ رد يروآ

بﺎﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ وآ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يدﺎﻋ داﺮﻓا و نﺎﮕﺒﺨﻧ رد ير .

شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ 169

نﺎـﮕﺒﺨﻧ ﻲﻠﻣ دﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻮﻀﻋ داﺮﻓا زا ﺮﻔﻧ

و سرﺎﻓ نﺎﺘﺳا 169

ﻲـﮕﻤﻫ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧداد ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ يدﺎـﻋ داﺮﻓا زا ﺮﻔﻧ

سﺮﺘـﺳد رد ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ و ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا .

ﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ داﺮﻓا ﻲﻨﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ هﺪ

26 دﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ .

بﺎـﺗ سﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ راﺰﺑا يروآ

Connor Davidson

و

Connor-Davidson resilience scale

)

CD-RIS

ﺎﻳ

( دﻮﺑ

ﻪــﻛ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ 25 ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ و ﺖــﺳا لاﺆــﺳ

Connor

Davidson

و

هزاﺪﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ

ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﺪـﻳﺪﻬﺗ و رﺎـﺸﻓ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ترﺪﻗ يﺮﻴﮔ

) 4 .(

ﻲﻳاور ) و و اﺮـﮕﻤﻫ ﻲﻳاور و ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ شور ﻪﺑ اﺮـﮔا

( ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺎﭘ و

) ﺐﻳﺮﺿ و ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآزﺎﺑ شور ﻪﺑ

Cronbachs alpha

( سﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا

هوﺮﮔ رد نﻮﻣزآ نﺎﮔﺪﻧزﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

) ﺮﻄﺧ رد و يدﺎﻋ (

ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ .

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﻳا يﺪﻤﺤﻣ

ﺪـﺷ ﻲﺑﺎﻳرﺎﺠﻨﻫ ناﺮﻳا رد .

شور زا سﺎــﻴﻘﻣ ﻲﻳﺎــﻳﺎﭘ

Cronbachs alpha

ﺎــﺑ ﺮــﺑاﺮﺑ 93 / 0 ﻪــﺑ

ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد

) 19

.

(

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد هداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ

نﻮـﻣزآ زا ﺎﻫ

Independent t

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

.

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺚﺤﺑ و

بﺎﺗ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪـﺒﺨﻧ هوﺮـﮔ رد يروآ

41 /

± 12 98 / 69 يدﺎـﻋ هوﺮﮔ رد و 40

/

± 17 00 / 66 ﺖـﺳد ﻪـﺑ

ﺪﻣآ . ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺒﺨﻧ هوﺮـﮔ ياﺮﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ و ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ 32

و

100 يدﺎﻋ هوﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ و 40

و 99 دﻮـﺑ . نﻮـﻣزآ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ

t

بﺎﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ توﺎـﻔﺗ زا نﺎـﺸﻧ يدﺎـﻋ و ﻪﺒﺨﻧ داﺮﻓا رد يروآ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 98 / 3 يدازآ ﻪﺟرد و 168

ﺖﺷاد . راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ

t

16 / 4

ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ 001

/

< 0 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ

P

ﻲﻣ راد ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

بﺎﺗ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﺨﻧ داﺮﻓا رد يروآ

ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا يراد يﺎـﻫ

دﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يدﺎﻋ .

ﻦـــﻳا ﻪـــﺘﻓﺎﻳ تﺎـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎـــﻫ

Egeland

نارﺎـــﻜﻤﻫ و

) 15

،

(

Radke-Yarrow Sherman

و

) 16

و

( Kumpfer )

17

ار

(

دﺮﻛ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ .

ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ زا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ يﺎـﻫ

Friborg

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

ﻲـﻤﻧ ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ ار ﺪـﻨﻛ

) 18

.

(

ﺖـﺳد ﻪـﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ

ﻲﻣ ار هﺪﻣآ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ

نﺎـﮕﺒﺨﻧ ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

،ﻪﻟﺄــﺴﻣ ﻞــﺣ ،ﺖــﻴﻗﻼﺧ ترﺪــﻗ زا يدﺎــﻋ ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و يﺪﻣارﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻫ و ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺰﻳر

توﺎـﻀﻗ و ﻪﻧﺎﻓﻮـﺴﻠﻴﻓ و ﻲﻋاﺰﺘﻧا ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ،ﺪـﻧراد ﻲﻟﺎـﻋ رﺎﻴـﺴﺑ يﺎـﻫ

دﺮﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ .

بﺎـﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ وآ

ﻲـﻣ ار نﺎـﮕﺒﺨﻧ يﻻﺎـﺑ ير ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﺗ

ﺖﺴﻧاد ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ نﺎﻧآ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ شﻮﻫ .

ﻲﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﻫ

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

 

نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ مﻮﺳ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود

هﮋﻳو ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ 2 ، ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1392

205

هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ

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