ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
رد ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﺮﺑ
يزﺎﺳ درﻮﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ﺮﻬﭙﺳ ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ
،1
مﺎﻓﺪﻤﺤﻣ جﺮﻳا
،2
يدﺰﻳ ﻲﺑﺎﺘﻛ نﻮﻣاد ،3
ﺮﻬﭙﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺴﻧ
4
1 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
هوﺮﮔ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ
، هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ناﺪﻤﻫ
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ سﺎﻤﺗ : 09111009006
Email: [email protected]
2 . هوﺮﮔ رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ
، هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ناﺪﻤﻫ
3 . ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يا
و ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ
دﺰﻳ
4 . ﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻴﺤ
ﻂ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ
دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻢﻫدﺰﻴﺳ لﺎﺳ
هرﺎﻤﺷ : مﻮﺳ
رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ و دادﺮﻣ 1393
ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ :
45
لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
20 / 1 / 1391
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
27 / 3 / 1391 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ: ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ لﺎﺳ لوا هﺎﻣ ﺶﺷ رد ار رﺎﻛ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ثداﻮﺣ داﺪﻌﺗ رﻮﺸﻛ
1388 ، 9 و راﺰﻫ 856
درﻮﻣ ﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هدز ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳردﺎﻧ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ رد ثداﻮﺣ ﻦﻳا زا يا هﺪﻤﻋ ﺶ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ .
اﺬﻟ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ
يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
ﺮﻬﺷ رد يزﺎﺳ درﻮﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ رد ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ د ناﺪﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ لﺎﺳ ر 1389
و 1390 ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ رد:
-
،ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ شور ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ يور ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ
يزﺎﺳ درﻮﻧ ﺮﻬﺷ رد
ناﺪﻤﻫ ) 120 ﺮﻔﻧ (
،ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ
ﺎﻓ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ زا ﻲﺳر
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا (Health and Safety Executive)
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاHSE ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ: ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ درﻮﻣ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ
زا ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 204
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﺎﺑ 42
/ 43 ) ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ( ﻪﺑ
11 /
±31 318 ) ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ( تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا
. ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻫد يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
) 001 / P<0 .(
يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ:
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻖﻠﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻴﻟوا ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا ﺪ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
شزﻮﻣآ ،
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺎﻇو حﺮﺷ و ﺲﻴﺳﺎﺗ شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﺣاو و ﺮﺴﻴﻣ رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ رد تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ نآ .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ،رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و ﻦﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ:
HSE
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻊﻳﺮﺳ و نوﺰﻓا زور ﺪﺷر و يﺮﺸﺑ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ نﺪﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﻧور
ﺪﻳﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ شور ﻪﺋارا و عاﺪﺑا و نﺎﻬﺟ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ
ﻳدﺮﮔ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ رد ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ و ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد يزوﺮﻣا نﺎﺴﻧا هﺪ
هدﺮﻛ دﺎﺠﻳا و ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ دﻮﺧ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺰﻴﭼ نآ هﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ
دﺮﻴﮕﺑ راﺮﻗ ،ﺖﺳا )
1 .(
و تﻻآ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ يﺎﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد
،نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا هﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ
ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
روآ نﺎﻳز رﺎﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
راﺮﻗ
ﻲﻳاﺪﺟ ﺰﺟ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ،دﺮﻴﮕﺑ
ﭘﺎﻧ و ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺮﻳﺬ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
ﻳآ ﻲﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻨ
و ﺪ ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ هراﻮﻤﻫ رﺎﻛ يوﺮﻴﻧ
ار ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻨﻛ
ﻨ ﺪ
، ﻪﻛ يرﺎﻛ يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻲﻳاراد ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ
و ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ
بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻠﺻا و ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ
يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد نآ ﺶﻘﻧ
و ﺮﻫ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﺳﺎﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ي هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ
ﺖﺳا . ا ﺖﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﻲﻄﻳاﺮﺷ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ رد ﻦﻳا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد رﺎﻛ يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ ز
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺶﻴﭘ زا ﺶﻴﺑ تاﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ زا هوﺮﮔ )
2 .(
زوﺮﻣا ه
يﺎﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ رﻮﻀﺣ،ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﺑ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ رد ثداﻮﺣ عﻮﻗو لﺎﻤﺘﺣا اﺬﻟ و هﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ ﮓﻧرﺮﭘ يرﺎﻛ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ .
ثداﻮﺣ ﺑ ﻪ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻜﻳ زا ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ
ﻚﺴﻳر يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ هزﻮﺣ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ دﺎﻌﺑا ياراد ، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا
و ﻲﺘﺣ ﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﺳ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ )
2
، 1 .(
لﺎﺳ رد رﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
2009 ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ مﻼﻋا يدﻼﻴﻣ 270
رد ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻪﺛدﺎﺣ نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ
زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺒﻴﻏ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺘﻓا ﻲﻣ قﺎﻔﺗا نﺎﻬﺟ 3
يرﺎﻛ زور
نﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ
210 ﺛدﺎﺣ راﺰﻫ ﻪ
گﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ
ﺰﻴﻧ خر ﺎﻴﻧد ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ يرﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد ﺖﺳا هداد
) 3 .(
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ هرود ﻚﻳ ﻲﻃ رد رﻮﺸﻛ
6 لﺎﺳ ياﺪﺘﺑا زا ﻪﻟﺎﺳ 1378
لﺎﺳ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﺗ 1383
ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ثداﻮﺣ ياﺮﺑ ار ﺪﺷر ﻪﺑ ور يﺪﻧور
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﻴﺑ رﻮﺸﻛ رد رﺎﻛ زا .
داﺪﻌﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ر رﺎﻛ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ثداﻮﺣ لﺎﺳ لوا هﺎﻣ ﺶﺷ رد ا
1388
، 9 و راﺰﻫ 856
درﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا هدز ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ .
ﻦﻳا داﻮﺣ ث نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ
نﺎﻣﻮﺗ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ و نﺎﻳﺎﻣﺮﻓرﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ )
4 .(
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ گرﺰﺑ ثداﻮﺣ زوﺮﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
يا هﺪﻤﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا نآ ﺪﻳﻮﻣ ،هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻫ نآ عﻮﻗو ﻞﻠﻋ
زا
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا هداد خر ﻲﻨﻤﻳاﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد ثداﻮﺣ ﻪﺒﺷ و ثداﻮﺣ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳردﺎﻧ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ رد
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
) 5 .(
ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧرﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﻨﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻟارﻮﺘﺳد زا ﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻲﻄﺨﺗ ﺮﮕﻳد ترﺎﺒﻋ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ رد ﻲﻨﻤﻳا يﺎﻫ ﻞﻤﻌ
ﺖﺳا رﺎﻛ مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺮﮔرﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ،ﻦﻤﻳا رﺎﺘﻓر
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا يﺎﻫ ﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘﺳد و لﻮﺻا )
6 .(
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﻠﺻا ﻲ زوﺮﺑ ﺐﻠﻏا
ثداﻮﺣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧ
نﺎﺴﻧا
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ
يﺎﻗآ ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻄﺑ
Hopkins ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
خﺮﻧ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ يا يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر
ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧ
ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺖﺳا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا لﺎﺣ رد ثداﻮﺣ زوﺮﺑ .
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺶﻘﻧ يو يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر
ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧ ار ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ثداﻮﺣ عﻮﻗو رد
90 % ﺮﻛذ
ﺪﻧا هدﺮﻛ )
7 .(
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ شور زا ﻲﻜﻳ رد ﻲﻌﻄﻗ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ
زوﺮﺑ
،ثداﻮﺣ رﺎﻛ نﺎﻴﻣ رد ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر خﺮﻧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ
ﮔ ناﺮ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ
ﺢﻄﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا
يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﺴﻴﻣ
) 8 .(
لﺎﻤﻋا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
،ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد مزﻻ يﺎﻫ شزرا ﻪﻴﻠﻛ
و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ يﺎﻫ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻳا رد و
،ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ
ﺘﻛرﺎﺸﻣ و ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ شور و ﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲ
ﺎﺠﻳا ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻂﻴﺤﻣ د
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻤﻳا و ﻢﻟﺎﺳ يرﺎﻛ )
9 .(
رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يا هﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
داﺮﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا و ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣز ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
،ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ نآ ﻪﻄﺳاو ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ يراﺰﺑا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ و دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ كرد ار دﻮﺧ عﻮﺒﻄﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ا
ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﺢﻄﺳ زا ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺪﻫاﻮﺨﺑ يﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﮔ
دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
لﺎﻤﻋا ار يا هﺪﻧزﺎﺳ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ نآ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ار ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ) 10 .(
اﺬﻟ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ
يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
ﺪﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ رد ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧا
لﺎﺳ رد ناﺪﻤﻫ ﺮﻬﺷ رد يزﺎﺳ درﻮﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ
يﺎﻫ 1389 و 1390 ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا شور ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ عﻮﻧ زا يا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ
(Before & After) ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ار ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ
رﻮﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ يزﺎﺳ د
رد ﺮﻬﺷ ناﺪﻤﻫ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ 120
ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺖﺳا هداد ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
،ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳرﺎﻓ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ زا
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا HSE
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا ه ) 11 .(
ﻲﻳاور ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ و ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا و
يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ و مﺎﺠﻧا ﺰﻴﻧ قﻮﻓ
.
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ Guillemin زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ HSE
ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺑﺎﻌﺗ و ﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ ود ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻦﺘﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ زا ﻪﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
هداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ،دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ
دﻮﺷ ) 12 .(
ﺠﻣ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ دﺪ
Jones Kay ، و Downs
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ )
14
، 13 .(
ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﺻا ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ياﺮﺑ نآ تروﺮﺿ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺲﺣ .
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ تﻻاﻮﺳ حﻮﺿو ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ Item Clarity)
( زا
نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ )
Pre-Testing (
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
رﺎﻴﺘﺧا رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ ترﻮﺻ 30
ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ زا ﺮﻔﻧ دﻻﻮﻓ
نﺎﻳو
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ تﻻاﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ار نآ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ناﺪﻤﻫ
ﻞﻜﺸﻣ نآ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺎﻳ كرد ،ﺮﻴﺒﻌﺗ رد ﻪﻛ ار ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ و ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔ ﻧ نﺎﻴﺑ ،ﺪﻧراد ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤ
. ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ بﺎﺗزﺎﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
مﺎﺠﻧا تﻻاﻮﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ حﻮﺿو ﺖﻬﺟ يروﺮﺿ و ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﻲﺗاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﺪﺷ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ . خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ راﺪﻘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ 89
/ 0 دﻮﺑ .
يرﻮﺻ ﻲﻳاور ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ )
Face Validity (
داﺪﻌﺗ 5 زا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ
رﺎﻴﺘﺧا رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 5
ﻪﺘﺷر رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ نﺎﺸﻳا زا و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور و يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﺮﻈﻧ رﺎﻬﻇا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ درﻮﻣ رد ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ فﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ . ﺖﻬﺟ يا ﻪﻠﻴﺳو ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ راﺰﺑا يرﻮﺻ ﻲﻳاور اﺬﻟ
ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ
.
ﻣ ﻲﻳاور ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻳاﻮﺘﺤ
) Content Validity ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ (
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا تادﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا مزﻻ .
رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻧورد ) Internal Validity (
ناﺰﻴﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ
ﻛ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ راﺰﺑا ياﺮﺑ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻞ
دوﺪﺣ دﺪﻋ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ 9
/ 0 نﺎﺸﻧ ار
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ و داد ياراد ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ راﺰﺑا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ بﻮﺧ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﺪﺣ رد ﻲﻧورد رﺎﺒﺘﻋا .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد رد
2 تﻻاﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد ﺮﻴﻈﻧ
،ﻦﺳ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ
،رﺎﻛ ﻐﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ
،ﻞ و تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ
ﻞﻫﺎﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو و
تﻻاﻮﺳ ياراد دﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﺻا 10
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮﻳز :
1 -
ﺖﻴﺣﻼﺻ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
2 - و ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﺤﺟرا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا 3 - تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو 4
- ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
5 - ثداﻮﺣ ﻪﺒﺷو ثداﻮﺣ .
6 - ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ
7 - ﻣ و نﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻂﺧ ناﺮﻳﺪ
8 - و ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
رﺎﻛ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻨﻤﻳا تارﺮﻘﻣ
9 - ﺖﻴﻌﺿو و ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺪﻳدﺎﻧ
رﺎﻛ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻨﻤﻳا تارﺮﻘﻣ و
10 -
ﻲﻠﻛ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
ﺖﻬﺟ ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ و ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ رﺎﻴﺘﺧا رد .
رد ﻦﻳا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﻲﻨﻤﻳا
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ زا 5
ﻪﺟرد يا تﺮﻜﻴﻟ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ. ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﻛ
تاﺮﻈﻧ داﺮﻓا دﻮﺧ
ار ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ
"يﺎﻫ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ
،ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ
،ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ يﺮﻈﻧ ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ،مراﺪﻧ و
ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ
"
رد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻚﻳ
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ تﻻاﻮﺳ زا ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ . ﺮﮔا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ هﺪﺷ زا
261
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ،ﺪﻳآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ و ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دﺪﻋ ﻦﻳا زا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ لوا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ زا ﺲﭘ.
) تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ (
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ هداد ،
ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﺑ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻫد يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ هﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ ،
ﻪﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﻦﻳا و هﺪﺷ داﺪﻤﻠﻗ يروﺮﺿ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ رد لﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ تﺪﻣ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ .
ﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﻨﻓ يا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا زا ﻲ -
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻳز دراﻮﻣ :
1 (
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﭘ شﺮﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد يراﺬﮔ ظﺎﻔﺣ
ﻪﺴﻴﻠﭘ و ﻪﻗﺮﺟ بﺎﺗﺮﭘ مﺪﻋ 2
( ﺶﺷﺎﭘ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ
ﻲﻧز ﮓﻨﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﺴﻴﻠﭘ و ﻪﻗﺮﺟ )
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 (
3 ( ﻂﺧ رد ﺲﻜﺑﺮﻴﮔ خﺮﭼ ﺮﻴﺠﻧز ظﺎﻔﺣ ﺐﺼﻧ 1
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ 4 ( ﻧ ﺐﺼ
ﻂﺧ رد ﻚﻨﻴﻠﭘﻮﻛ ظﺎﻔﺣ
2 ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ 5 ( رد مرﻻآ و ﻚﻧﺎﻄﻴﺷ ﺐﺼﻧ
و ﻞﻴﻘﺛﺮﺟ 6
( داﺮﻓا ﻞﻐﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ يدﺮﻓ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻞﻳﺎﺳو ﻪﻴﻬﺗ .
ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ هزﻮﺣ ود رد ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا :
ﻒﻟا (
شزﻮﻣآ هزﻮﺣ :
ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺳ زﺎﻴﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳا رد
ﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ زﺎﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ زا ﺲﭘ و هﺪ
ﺪﻣآ رد اﺮﺟا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ .
يﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ رد ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ : 1 ( نآ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻳاﻮﻨﺷ ﺖﻓا و ﻲﺗﻮﺻ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷآ
2 ( رﺎﻛ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ثداﻮﺣ 3
( تﻻآ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ يراﺬﮔ ظﺎﻔﺣ 4
( ﻞﻳﺎﺳو
يدﺮﻓ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ 5
( و ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا 6
( ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻧﻮﮔرا .
ب ( را هزﻮﺣ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ و طﺎﺒﺗ :
زا ﻪﺘﺳد ﻦﻳا تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا
ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا هزﻮﺣ رد ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻳز دراﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :
1 ( ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ
ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ زا ﻲﻌﻤﺟ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺎﺑ رﺎﻛ )
ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ دﺎﺠﻳا
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ( 2 ( رﻮﺻ ﺐﺼﻧ
تﺎﻧﻼﻋا يﺎﻫﻮﻠﺑﺎﺗ يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ تﺎﺴﻠﺠﺗ
ﺪﻳﺪﺟ تﺎﺑﻮﺼﻣ زا ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ عﻼﻃا ﺖﻬﺟ )
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا دﺎﺠﻳا (
و
3 ( و ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ رد تادﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ قوﺪﻨﺻ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺐﺼﻧ و رﺎﻛ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ) .
ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ دﺎﺠﻳا
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .(
ادﺪﺠﻣ ،تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا يرﺎﻛ لﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺲﭘ
ﺮﭘ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ نﺎﻴﻣ رد ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳ )
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﭻﻴﻫ
ﺰﻴﻧ يﺪﻳﺪﺟ دﺮﻓ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭙﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ رد يﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
دﻮﺑ هﺪﻳدﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ (
و ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ هد يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ و
ﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ رد ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا ﺢﻄﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا درﻮﻣ ،ﻪ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 ﻲﻧز ﮓﻨﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﺴﻴﻠﭘ و ﻪﻗﺮﺟ ﺶﺷﺎﭘ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ :
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ و هدﻮﺑ دﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ
رد نﺎﻧآ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻞﻛ ،ﻦﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ
ﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ درﻮ
يزﺎﺳ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 38 /
±7 47 / 31
، 30 /
±7 6 / 9 و 30 /
±1 90 / 3 ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .
ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ
تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ
لدﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ 163
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﺎﺑ 42
/ 43 ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ
،ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻨﻣ ددﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻲﻔ ﻦﻳا ﺎﻣا
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ 11
/
± 31 63 / 315 ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا
ددﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ لوﺪﺟ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
) 1 (
ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻫد يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ
ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا )
001 / P<0 .(
طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻦﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
) 003 / P<0 (
رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻞﻛ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و )
03 / 0 P<
( رد ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا
ﻫﺎﺘﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا ﺢﻄﺳ رد دﺮﺠﻣ و ﻞ
دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يراد )
007 / 0 P<
( . ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
رد و نﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ رد ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ )
01 / 0 P<
(.
لوﺪﺟ 1 : ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻫد يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ
بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و
P
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺪﻌﺑ
P
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ
ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻫد يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
229 /
0 21/49 0/000 6 21 ﺖﻴﺣﻼﺻ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
000 /
0 18/03 0/000 6 15 ﻲﻨﻤﻳا و ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﺤﺟرا
000 /
0 20/89 0/01 10 18 تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
000 /
0 18/06 0/02 10 15 ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
000 /
0 29/23 0/01 13 24 ثداﻮﺣ ﻪﺒﺷ و ثداﻮﺣ
000 /
0 49/49 0/008 27 42 ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ
000 /
0 21/88 0/000 12 18 ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻂﺧ ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ و نﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
000 /
0 51/15 0/000 25 47 رﺎﻛ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻨﻤﻳا تارﺮﻘﻣ و ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
000 /
0 11/37 0/000 4 9 رﺎﻛ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻨﻤﻳا تارﺮﻘﻣ و ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺪﻳدﺎﻧﺖﻴﻌﺿو
000 /
0 74/04 0/000 51 57 ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻛ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ لوﺪﺟ
) 1 (
،
ﻪﻧﺎﮕﻫد يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ زا ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﺪﻧا هدﻮﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ .
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻠﻋ ،ﺖﻴﺣﻼﺻ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺪﻌﺑ رد
ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺪﺣاو دﻮﺒﻧ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ار ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ندﻮﺑ
و ﻲﺠﻨﺳزﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺴﻧاد زﺎﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ هرود يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ
. ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ
حﺮﺷ و ﺲﻴﺳﺎﺗ شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﺣاو و ﺮﺴﻴﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ نآ ﻒﻳﺎﻇو .
شراﺰﮔ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
INSAG HSE و
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻖﻠﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻴﻟوا ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ،
) 16
، 15 ( ياﺮﺑ ار داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ و
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺐﻴﻏﺮﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣ و ﺶﻧاد شزﻮﻣآ
) 13،17،18 .(
ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ دﺮﻴﮕﺑ ترﻮﺻ مواﺪﻣ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ شزﻮﻣآ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳد راﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ )
21 - 19 .(
ﻨﺻ رد ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻊﻳﺎ
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ياﺮﺟا ،ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺲﻴﻠﮕﻧا زﺎﮔ و ﺖﻔﻧ
ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ شﺮﮕﻧ و ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ نوﺪﻣ هﺪﺷ
دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻦﻳا و
ءﺎﻘﺗرا و ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ شﺮﮕﻧ
ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ رد ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ردو هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ
ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و ثداﻮﺣ خﺮﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا ه
) 21 ( ﻪﻛ
ﺪﻧا هﺪﻴﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا .
و ﻦﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
Oi-ling Siu a و
Wendy Adie و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
Si-Hao Lin
دراد ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
) 24 - 22 .(
Beatriz Fernández-Muñiz
، ﺶﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و 3
ﺪﻴﻠﻛ
ءﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﻲﺳﺎﺳا يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ رد ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
هدﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ و ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ تاﺪﻬﻌﺗ ار
ﺪﻧا .
،ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗرﻮﺻرد ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ نﺎﻧآ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺣ تﺎﻣاﺰﻟا و تاﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻲﺘﻳﺎﻤ
يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ ناﺮﮔرﺎﻛ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﻧآ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا
و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ،نﺎﻧآ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ و هدﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﻴﭘ ﻦﻤﻳا رﺎﻛ ءﺎﻘﺗرا رد يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا ﺢﻄﺳ
ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ
ﺖﺷاﺬﮔ ) 25 .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا Fung Ivan
) 26 ( و دراد ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
رد ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧ رﺎﺘﻓر خﺮﻧ صﻮﺼﺧ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و مﺎﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ جﺮﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
و ﻞﻫﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار هداد نﺎﺸﻧ يزﺎﺳوردﻮﺧ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻚﻳ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻤﻳاﺎﻧ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺪﺻرد ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو )
27 ( رد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻴﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ءﺎﻘﺗرا ﺖﺳا ﺮﻛذ ﻪﺑ مزﻻ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ لﺎﺣرد ﺎﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ رد ﺮﻴﺧا يﺎﻫ لﺎﺳ رد زا يرﺎﻛ نﺎﻣز و ثداﻮﺣ خﺮﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد .
ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ رد دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻊﻗاو رد
ﻪﺳوﺮﭘ و ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ
نآ رﺎﻨﻛ رد و ﻲﺗﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
و ﺎﻓﻮﻜﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﻣزﻻ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﺖﺳا راﺪﻳﺎﭘ يا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ .
ﺮﻜﺸﺗ و ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ
ﻦﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ناﺪﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و هﺪﻴﺳر
ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
ﻪﻠﻴﺳو ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﻴﻤﺻ و
درﺪﻗ ﻲﻧا ﻲﻣ .دﻮﺷ زا ﻢﻴـﻧاد ﻲﻣ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻔﻴﻇو ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﻪـﻛ يزﺎـﺳ درﻮـﻧ ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ ﺎـﻣ
ار رد مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻦـﻳا
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يرﺎﻳ يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ؛ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ .ددﺮﮔ
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Effect of Engineering and Management Interventions on Promoting Safety Culture Indicators among Workers of Iranian Pipe Rolling Factory
Sepehr P(M.Sc)1,Mohammad Fam I (Ph.D)2,Ketabi D(M.Sc)3,Sepehr N(BS)4
1.Corresponding author: M.Sc of Occupational Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan, Iran 2.Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan, Iran 3.M.Sc Student in Occupational Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4.BS, Enviromental Health Amol city
Abstract
Introduction:Iran's social security has been estimated by the number of work accidents in as much as 9856 cases in the first 6 months of 2009, and the majority of these accidents have happened in a safety management system with low indicators of safety culture.
Methods: This descriptive – analytic study (Before & After) was carried out among 120 workers of Hamadan pipe-rolling factory. For evaluation of engineering and management interventions on promoting safety culture indicators, the Persian version of standard HSE(Health and Safety Executive) questionnaire was used.
Results: The results of this study showed that the mean of safety-culture final indicator among workers under study which was 204±43.42 (negative safety culture) before intervention increased to 318±31.11 (positive safety culture) after engineering and management interventions. Also the results showed that after these interventions, all of ten-fold safety culture indicators increased as well.
Conclusion:The results of various studies indicated that the initial priority to create a positive safety culture is education. For this reason, the department of education with specified tasks was established in Hamadan pipe-rolling factory. Also the results of this study demonstrated that with increase of age and work background, the safety culture final indicator also increased thus having full compliance with the results of Oi-ling Siu, Wendy AdieandSi-Hao Lin's studies.
Keywords: Safety Culture; Engineering and Management Interventions; HSEQuestionnaire
