شور ﺎﺑ دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ هدﺮﻛ خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
يدﺰﻳا هﺪﻨﺧﺮﻓ داﮋﻧ ﻲﻗدﺎﺻ داﻮﺟ ،1
يﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﺟﺎﺣ ردﺎﻬﺑ ،2
ﺷ ،3
ﺮﻴﻬﻇ رﻮﭘ ﻲﻘﺗ هﻮﻜ ،4
ﺣ هداز حﻼﻓ ﻦﻴﺴ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺷ ﻲﻘﺗ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،5
ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺟﺮﻴﻣ سﺪﻗا ،6
7
1 . ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻞﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﺲﻳدﺮﭘ ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ
2 . رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻪﻳﺎﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ
3 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ا ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳ
، هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ تاﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ
سﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 8209155 - 0353 [email protected]
Email:
4 . دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳآ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﺶﻳﻻآ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ فﺮﺼﻣ هزوﺮﻣا ﺖﺳا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ور يﺮﺸﺑ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﺮﺜﻛا رد ﻲﻣاد يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ.
ﻮﺟدﻮﺳ داﺮﻓا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هدﺮﻛ خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ،ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا شزرا دراد دﻮﺟو .
رد زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ سﺎﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا هدﺮﻛ خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور :
داﺪﻌﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد 20
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺷوﺮﻓ زا يرﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ هدﺮﻛ خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﺷ يراﺪﻳﺮﺧ دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ .
ﺲﭙﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ 3 شﺮﺑ يوﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﻚﻳ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺮﻫ زا و هﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا
ﺪﺷ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻣﺮﻓ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﺎﻫ 10
% هدﺎﻣآ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ يزﺎﺳ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻓارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ .
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻓارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ 6
ﺪﺷ هداد شﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﻧ
ﺎﺑ و
ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا -
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺑ يﺰﻴﻣآ ﮓﻧر ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد : ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ، نآﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ و هدﻮﺑ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﺨﺑ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ ﻲﻧﻼﻀ
ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﻚﻳ ﭻﻴﻫ رد ﺎﻣا ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ فﺎﺻ ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ، يﺪﻨﺒﻤﻫ ﺪﺸﻧ هداد .
دﻮﺟو ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد و ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻲﺘﺳﻮﭘ تﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ رد ﺎﻬﻨﺗ
رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺖﺷاد هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﻨﻣﺎﮕﻴﻟ زا ﻲﻌﻃﺎﻘﻣ و دﻮﺑ دﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺎﺸﺣا و ءﺎﻌﻣا تﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﻲﻤﻴﻧ دوﺪﺣ
ﺪﺷ . يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :
هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ هدروآﺮﻓ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺜﻛا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
، زا
هدﻮﺒﻧ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ر رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ و ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﻪﺘﻓ ، ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ شور
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ هدروآﺮﻓ رد تﺎﺒﻠﻘﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ياﺮﺑ .
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو :
ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺐﻠﻘﺗ ،زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،هدﺮﻛ خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻞﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﺲﻳدﺮﭘ رد ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﻣﺎﻧ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ
ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود
دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ لﺎﺳ
هرﺎﻤﺷ : ﻢﺸﺷ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو 1394
ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ :
54
لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
26 / 7 / 1393
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
16 / 9 / 1393
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
هدروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ، ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮﻓ
ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﻪـﻛ ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ زا ﻲـﻤﻴﻧ
نآ ﺎــﻫ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ هداد ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﺖــﺷﻮﮔ ار )
1 ( . ﺖــﺷﻮﮔ خﺮــﭼ هدﺮــﻛ
هدﺎــﺳ ﻦﻳﺮــﺗ ﻲﻜﻴﻧﺎــﻜﻣ ندﺮــﻛ دﺮــﺧ زا ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳا ﻲﺘــﺷﻮﮔ هدرواﺮــﻓ
هﺎﮕﺘــﺳد ﺎــﺑ ﺖــﺷﻮﮔ خﺮــﭼ
ﺖــﺷﻮﮔ ﻞــﺻﺎﺣ ﻲــﻣ دﻮــﺷ . هﺎﮔﺪــﻳد زا
ﺮﻳا ﻲﻠﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،نا
ﻢﻳﺎﻤﺿ تﺎـﻧاﻮﻴﺣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ﻲﺸﻳﻻآ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يرﺎﺘﺸﻛ :
يﺎـﻫ ﻪـﻧورﺪﻧا ﻪﻨﻴـﺳ
يا ماد ﻲﻤﻜـﺷ و )
،ﺪـﺒﻛ ،ﺐـﻠﻗ
نادﺮﻴــﺷ و ﻲﺑاﺮﻴــﺳ ،لﺎــﺤﻃ ،ﻪــﻳر ،ﻪــﻴﻠﻛ (
رﻮــﻴﻃ و ) و ﺪــﺒﻛ ،ﺐــﻠﻗ
ناﺪﮕﻨﺳ ( ، ماﺪﻧا يﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ و يراردا )
نﺎﺘـﺴﭘ و ﻪـﻧﺎﺜﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ (
،نﺎـﺑز ،
،ﺰﻐﻣ ،عﺎﺨﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫ هﺪﻏ يا ) ﺰﺑ دﺪﻏ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻗا
( ، هﺮﮔ يﺎـﻫ ،يوﺎـﻔﻨﻟ
فﺎﻔﺷ فوﺮﻀﻏ )
يﺎﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ( ، ﻲﺑﺮﭼ يﺎﻫ و ﻪـﺒﻧد و ﺖـﺳﻮﭘ ،ﻲﻗﺎﻔـﺻ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ
يﺎﺟ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮـﻓ
يﺎـﻫ ﻲﺘـﺷﻮﮔ
بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺐﻠﻘﺗ هﺪﻳد تراﺮﺣ ﻲﻣ
دﻮﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ و ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ فﺮﺼﻣ ندﻮـﺑ
نآ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ ) 2 ( . ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻧاﻮﻴﺣ يوﺎﺣ ﻦﻴﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎـﻫ
شزراﺎﺑ ﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﻪ يا ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ و رد ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎـﺑ تﻼـﻀﻋ ياراد
رﺎـﺑ
ﻲﺑﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و هدﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﺣ رد لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ و
ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴﺷﺮﺷا ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) 3 (.
ﻪﻜﻳﺎﺠﻧآ زا ﺶﻳﻻآ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ فﺮﺼﻣ
ﻊـﻣاﻮﺟ ﺮـﺜﻛا رد ﻲﻣاد يﺎﻫ
يﺮﺸﺑ نوﺰﻓازور ﺖﺳا
) 4 ( ـﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻟﺎﻳر شزرا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ، نﺎـﻜﻣا ،ﺖ
تﺎــﺒﻠﻘﺗ عاﻮــﻧا مﺎــﺠﻧا ﻪــﻠﻤﺟزا
زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎــﻫ زﺎــﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ
نازرا ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ رد خﺮـﭼ
هدﺮـﻛ نﺎـﻜﻣا ﺮﻳﺬـﭘ ﺖـﺳا . تﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺰﻴﻧ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ
رد ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ هدروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ ار ﺪﻴﺋﺎﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ) 9 - 5 (.
ﻪﻜﻨﻳادﻮﺟوﺎﺑ
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ خﺮﭼ هدﺮﻛ ﺑ ﺶﺨ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ هﺮﻴﺟ زا
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ار مدﺮﻣ ﻲـﻣ
ﺪـﻫد ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻄﺑار رد ﻲـﻘﻴﻗد ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ نﻮﻨﻛﺎـﺗ ﺎـﻣا ،
ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺘـﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮـﻓ عﻮـﻧ ﻦـﻳا زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻪـﺑﺎﺗ
لﺎـﺣ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ترﻮﺻ .
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا فﺪﻫﺎﺑ
رﻮﻀﺣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎـﻫ
رد زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
خﺮﭼ هدﺮﻛ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ هﺪﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ رد
شور ﺑ ﺖــﻓﺎ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦــﻳا ﻲــﻨﻤﻳا و ﻲــﻔﻴﻛ ﺢﻄــﺳ يﺎــﻘﺗرا ياﺮــﺑ
هدروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼـﺳ ﺢﻄـﺳ يﺎﻘﺗرا
ﺪﺷ . ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
داﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا رد 20
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮـﻛ يرﺎـﺠﺗ ﺪـﻤﺠﻨﻣ
ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﻪــﻛ 9
ﻪــﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ هﺪــﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
لﻮــﺼﺤﻣ ﻦــﻳا دﺰــﻳ ﺮﻬــﺷ رد
ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺑ يﺪﻨ ﺎﺑ و ود ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ فﻼﺘﺧا هﺎ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
يرادﺮﺑ .ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ مﺎـﮕﻨﻫ رد
ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎــﻫ ﺦﻳرﺎــﺗ و ﻞــﺤﻣ ،ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ عﻮــﻧ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻞــﻣﺎﻛ تﺎــﺼﺨﺸﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يرادﺮﺑ و ﺖﺒﺛ خﺮـﭼ هﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يراﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ
ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷ لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا هداد
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . و ﻢﻴـﺴﻘﺗ يوﺎـﺴﻣ شﺮـﺑ ﻪـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻫ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻪـﺑ
ترﻮـﺻ ﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗ
هرﺎﻤﺷ يراﺬﮔ زا و هﺪﺷ ماﺪﻛﺮﻫ زا شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ 1 ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ
ﻲﺒﻌﻜﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا هﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻟﺎـﻣﺮﻓ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﺲﭙﺳ و 10
ﻪـﺑ ﺮﻓﺎـﺑ ﺪـﺻرد
تﻮـﺒﺛ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻪـﺘﻔﻫ ﻚﻳ تﺪﻣ ﻪـﻃﻮﻏ
رو ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ . ﺲـﭘ نآزا ﻞـﺣاﺮﻣ
و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ژﺎﺳﺎﭘ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ
يﺎﻫ و ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻓارﺎﭘ
ﻪﺳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺮﻫ زا ﻊﻄﻘﻣ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ 6
هﺎﮕﺘـﺳد ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺪـــﺷ دﺎـــﺠﻳا مﻮــﺗوﺮﻜﻴﻣ .
ﮓـــﻧر يﺰــﻴﻣآ ﻊﻃﺎـــﻘﻣ ور ﻪـــﺑ ﻲﺘﻓﺎـــﺑ ش
ﻦﻴﻠﻴــﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
ﺖــﻓﺮﮔ مﺎــﺠﻧا ﻦﻳزﻮــﺋا .
ًﺎــﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ
"
ﺮــﻳز رد ﺎــﻫ مﻻ
يرﻮﻧ پﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
ـﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺖ ) 10 ( . شﺮﺘـﺴﮔ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﺘﻓﺎــﺑ ظﺎــﺤﻟزا اﻮــﻧا دﻮــﺟو ع
ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ يﺎــﻫ ﻚــﻤﻛ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ
يرﻮﻧ پﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣ )
N-180M لﺪﻣ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ،
NOVEL ﻦﻴـﭼ ،
(
ﻦﻴــﺑرود ﻪــﺑ ﺰــﻬﺠﻣ )
MD130 ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ، OME-TOP system
،
ناﻮﻳﺎﺗ ( ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا درﻮﻣ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ
ﻚـﻤﻛ ﻪـﺑ و ﺬـﺧا مزﻻ ﺮﻳوﺎـﺼﺗ و
مﺮـﻧ راﺰـﻓا پﺎـﺷﻮﺘﻓ )CS
Adobe system, San Joze, CA,
(USA ﺪﻧﺪﺷ شزادﺮﭘ و
ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎـﺑ نآ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎـﻫ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ
خﺮﭼ هدﺮﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ .
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳا ﻖﺑﺎــﻄﻣ هدروآﺮــﻓ
يﺎــﻫ زا ﺪــﻳﺎﺑ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﺘــﺷﻮﮔ
و ﻢﺨﻟ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ حﻼﺻا
هﺪﺷ ﺪﺻرد هد و ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد هد زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺧ يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ يﺪﻨﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺑ ﺖﻓﺎ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ درﻮﻣ رد خﺮﭼ
هدﺮـﻛ رد يرﺎـﺠﺗ ﺪـﻤﺠﻨﻣ
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺺﻟﺎـﺧ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ زا
ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ رد عﻮـﻤﺠﻣرد
ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳادرﻮﻣ ياﺮـﺑ
زا و هدﻮـﺒﻧ رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮـﺧ ناﺪـﻨﭼ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ زا هدروآﺮـﻓ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻴﻬﺗ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ 9 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮـﻛ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ، 2 ا ﺪـﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮـﺧ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ز
دﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
رد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ ﻲﺘﻠﻜﺳا ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،نﻮﻣزآ درﻮﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ترﻮـﺻ
ـﺑ ﻲﺗرﻮـﺻ ﮓـﻧر ﻪﺑ ﻲﺿﺮﻋ و ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ رد هﺪﻨﻛاﺮﭘ ﺎ
ﻪﺘـﺴﻫ يﺎـﻫ
ﺶﻔﻨﺑ ﮓﻧر ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
a ﻞﻜﺷ - 1 .(
زا 20 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
خﺮﭼ هدﺮﻛ يرﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ
رد ﭻﻴﻫ ﻚﻳ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ رد ﺎﻣا ﺪﺸﻧ هداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﺎﺸﺣا و ءﺎﻌﻣا تﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ
رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ و ﻲﻧﻮﺧ قوﺮﻋ ،فﺎﺻ ﻲﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫ ﻲﺒﺼﻋ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ) bﻞﻜـﺷ - 1 .(
ﻲﻧﻼـﻀﻋ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﻟﻮﻠـﺳ هدوﺪـﺤﻣ
فﺎﺻ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ يوﺎـﺣ و هدﻮـﺑ ﺢـﺿاوﺎﻧ ﻪﺘـﺴﻫ
يﺎـﻫ ﻪـﻠﻴﻣ يا ﻞﻜـﺷ
ﻦﺷور ﺖﺳا ) c ﻞﻜﺷ - 1 .(
ﺘﺳﻮﭘ تﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ رد ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻲ
) aﻞﻜﺷ - 2 ( و
ﺪـﺷ هداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﺘﺳا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ رد )
bﻞﻜـﺷ - 2 .(
نوﺪﻧﺎﺗ زا ﻲﻌﻃﺎﻘﻣ نآ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ )
cﻞﻜﺷ - 2 ( ﺖﻨﻣﺎﮕﻴﻟ و )
dﻞﻜـﺷ -
2 ( رد ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
رد نﺪﺷ ﻞﺣ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
ﻲﻟﻮﻠـﺳ تﺎﺠﺘـﺳد ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻠﻳﺰﮔ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﮓﻧرﺪﻴﻔـﺳ
ﺶـﺷ ﻲـﻬﺟو
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺗ ﺺﻴﺨﺸ دﻮﺑ ) aﻞﻜﺷ - 3 .(
ناواﺮﻓ يﺪﻨﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ )
bﻞﻜﺷ - 3 ( ،
ﻲﻧﻮﺧ قوﺮﻋ )
cﻞﻜﺷ - 3 ( ﻲﺒﺼﻋ تﺎﺠﺘﺳد و )
dﻞﻜـﺷ - 3 ( رد ﺰـﻴﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
مﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ و ﺖﺨـﺳ و ﺖﺴﺳ ﺪﻨﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ .
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 : ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮﻛ a) . ( ﻂﻄﺨﻣ ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ )
ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
ا ،ﻦﻳزﻮﺋ
100 ( ، b) ( فﺎﺻ ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ
) ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
،ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا
100 ( ، c) ( ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷر يﺎﻫ فﺎﺻ ﻲﻧﻼﻀﻋ )
ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
،ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا
400 .(
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 : ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮﻛ a) . ( ﺖﺳﻮﭘ زا ﻲﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﮓﻧر ﻪﻧاد ﺎﻫ ، b) ( ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ا ي ا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا ناﻮﺨﺘﺳ
نﺎﻜﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺠﻨﻔﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ) ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
،ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا
100 ( ، c) ( ،نوﺪﻧﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ d)
( ﺖﻨﻣﺎﮕﻴﻟ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ )
ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
،ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا
400 .(
ﻞﻜﺷ 3 : ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮﻛ a) . ( ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ هدﻮﺗ ا ي زا لﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﻬﺟوﺪﻨﭼ ﻲ هرﺎﺘﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ هﺪﺷ
،ﺖﺳا b) ( هدﻮﺗ ا ي نﺎﻜﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
هﺪﺷ ،ﺖﺳا c) ( ﻲﻧﻮﺧ گر ﻪﺳ )
ﭘ نﺎﻜﻴ ﺎﻫ ( ،ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ رد d)
( ﻲﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﺘﺳد يداﺪﻌﺗ
) نﺎﻜﻴﭘ ( ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ رد )
ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
،ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا
100 .(
و ﺚﺤﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ خﺮﭼ هدﺮﻛ زا ﻲﻜﻳ هدروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ فﺮﺼﻣﺮﭘ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﺳا
.
ﺎﺑ ﻪـﻜﻨﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا شور
يﺎـﻫ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻲﻟﻮـﻤﻌﻣ
هدروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا نﺎﻜﻣا ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳادرﻮﻣ
لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ رد نﺎﻜﻣا
ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ اﺬـﻟ ، شور
يﺎـﻫ
ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲــﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗ شور
يﺎــﻫ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲــﻣ ناﻮــﺗ ءاﺰــﺟا رﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ هﺪﻨﻫد
ﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ار ﻲﺘـﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮﻓ ار نآ و هدﻮـﻤﻧ ه
ظﺎـﺤﻟزا
ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا درﻮﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ دادراﺮـﻗ
نآ ﺮـﺑ هوﻼـﻋ ﻞـﻴﻤﻜﺗ رد نآ دﺮﺑرﺎـﻛ
ﻦﻴﻧاﻮـﻗ ياﺮﺟا و ﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا هدروآﺮـﻓ
يﺎـﻫ و ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ رﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ﻲﺘـﺷﻮﮔ
ﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳ ﺖﺳا . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ درﻮﻣ رد خﺮﭼ
هدﺮـﻛ رد يرﺎـﺠﺗ ﺪـﻤﺠﻨﻣ
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ زا ﺺﻟﺎـﺧ
ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ رد عﻮـﻤﺠﻣرد
ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳادرﻮﻣ ياﺮـﺑ
ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ زا هدروآﺮـﻓ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ناﺪـﻨﭼ
و هدﻮـﺒﻧ رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮـﺧ زا
عﻮﻤﺠﻣ 9 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮـﻛ ، ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ 2 ﺪـﻧﺮﺑ زا ﻲﺑﻮـﺧ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ
دﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
مﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻨ ﺖﺨﺳ و ﺖﺴﺳ ﺪ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ و
زا ﺶﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ زا ﻲﻤﻴﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ود ﻦﻳا رﻮﻀﺣ
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ هدروآﺮﻓ
يﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ زا ﺶﻴﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ هﺪـﺷ رد
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ
. دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻛ نﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
هدروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ و ﻢﺨﻟ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ زا ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ حﻼﺻا
هﺪﺷ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘــﺷاﺪﻧ يﺪــﻨﺒﻤﻫ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ ﺪــﺻرد هد و ﻲــﺑﺮﭼ ﺪــﺻرد هد رد ﺪﻨــﺷ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺧ يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ .
زا ﻲﻤﻴﻧ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ يﺎـﻫ
ﺣا فﺎــﺻ ﻲﻧﻼــﻀﻋ و ﺪــﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﻲﻳﺎــﺸ
ﻲــﻜﻳرد ﺎﻫﺪــﻧﺮﺑ زا
ﻲﺘﺳﻮﭘ تﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ دﻮﺑ . زا يداﺪﻌﺗ رد هوﻼﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎـﻫ ﺰـﻴﻧ
نوﺪــﻧﺎﺗ و ﺖــﻨﻣﺎﮕﻴﻟ ﻲﺘﻓﺎــﺑ ﻊﻃﺎــﻘﻣ ﻞــﺑﺎﻗ
هﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ دﻮــﺑ . عﻮــﻤﺠﻣرد
ﻪــﺘﻓﺎﻳ يﺎــﻫ ــﺸﻧ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦــﻳا ﻧﺎ
ﺮﮕ و ﻲﺘــﺷﻮﮔ تﺎﻌﻳﺎــﺿ ندﺮــﺑ رﺎــﻛ ﻪــﺑ
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑ هدروآﺮﻓ ﻦﻳا رد ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ
.
ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎـﻫ ﺮـﻴﻏ ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ ﺎـﺑ ﻲـﻣ
ناﻮـﺗ سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ
ﻪــﺼﺨﺸﻣ يﺎــﻫ ﻪــﺑ ﻲﺘﻓﺎــﺑ دﻮــﺟو
زا ﻲــﺧﺮﺑ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎــﻫ رد زﺎــﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ
شﺮﺘﺴﮔ يﺎﻫ هدروآﺮـﻓ رد ار زﺎـﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ عﻮـﻧ و دﺮـﺑ ﻲـﭘ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ
دﺮﻛ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ .
دﻮﺟو ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ رد زﺎـﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ هدروآﺮـﻓ
يﺎـﻫ
نﺎـﺸﻧ ﻲـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ هداد
هﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳا . و ﻲـﻨﻛر
لﺎﺳ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ 1376
رد 60 ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ هﺪـﻳد تراﺮـﺣ سﺎـﺒﻟﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺖﻨﻣﺎﮕﻴﻟ و ﻲﻗاﺰﺑ هﺪﻏ ﺲﭘ
يﺮﺳ ار ﻦـﻳا دﻮـﺟو ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد نﺎـﺸﻧ هﺪـﻨﻫد ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻪـﻴﺣﺎﻧ
ﺮـﺳ ﺖـﺳا
) 11 ( . ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ رد يﺮﮕﻳد
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻨﻛر ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ لﺎﺳ رد
1383
داﺪـﻌﺗ زا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا 10
،ﻪـﻤﻘﻟ بﺎـﺒﻛ و ﻲﻟﻮـﻤﻌﻣ ﺮـﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ
نﺎﺘﺴﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ار
رد 3 شراﺰﮔ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ
) 12 .(
ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ يﺮﮕﻳد ﻪ لﺎﺳ رد
1391 ﺎـﺑ شور ود
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ و يﺎﻫﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
ﺻ ﻲﺘﻌﻨ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ هﺪﺷ ار ناﺮﻬﺗ رد
نﻮﻣزآ درﻮﻣ ﺪﻧدادراﺮﻗ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ،يوﺎـﻔﻨﻟ هﺪـﻏ ،غﺮـﻣ ناﺪﮕﻨـﺳ
هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ار فﺎﻔـﺷ فوﺮـﻀﻏ و غﺮﻣ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ،نﺎﺘﺴﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ) 13 .(
نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻗدﺎﺻ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺎـﺑ
مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﺘـﺴﻴﻫ نﻮـﻣزآ
يﺎﻫﺪﺻرد عاﻮﻧا زا ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ
ﻗ ﻪﻠـﻀﻋ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ،ﻲـﺒﻠ
شراﺰـﮔ هﺮـﻴﻏ و يوﺎـﻔﻨﻟ هﺮـﮔ ،يﺮـﻣ ،لﺎـﺤﻃ ،ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا ،فوﺮﻀﻏ ﺪــــﻧدﺮﻛ ) 14 .(
لﺎــــﺳ رد نارﺎــــﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲــــﺋاﺮﻳا يﺮﻬﭙــــﺳ 1387
،
هدروآﺮــﻓ يﺎــﻫ مﺎــﺧ ﻲﺘــﺷﻮﮔ ﻊــﻳزﻮﺗ
هﺪــﺷ ناﺮــﻬﺗ رد شور ﻪــﺑ ار
ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﻫ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
ﺪﻧدادراﺮﻗ و
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎـﻫ قوﺮـﻋ زﺎـﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ
و ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ،فوﺮﻀﻏ ،بﺎﺼﻋا ،ﻲﻧﻮﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ار ﺑ ﺶﻴ ﺪـﺣزا
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ زﺎﺠﻣ )
15 .(
ﻦﻴـــــﻨﭽﻤﻫ Carey
Archer و لﺎـــــﺳ رد 2004
شور ﺎـــــﺑ
دﻮﺟو ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﻫ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎـﻫ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و فﺎـﺻ ﻲﻧﻼـﻀﻋ
رد ار ﺎﻳﻮﺳ هدروآﺮﻓ
يﺎﻫ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣ ﻪـﻛ
ﺪـﺷ هداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ يژﻮﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﻫ شور ﺎﺑ فﺎﺻ ﻲﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ) 16 .(
Julini ارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و لﺎﺳ رد ن 2002
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ،هدور و هﺪﻌﻣ زﺎﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ
،ﺐــﻠﻗ ﻪﻠــﻀﻋ هﺪــﻘﻋ
يﺎــﻫ دﺪــﻏ ،يراردا هﺎﮕﺘــﺳد ،لﺎــﺤﻃ ،يوﺎــﻔﻨﻟ
شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎــﺑ ار ﻲــﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ و ﻦﻳﺮﻛوﺪــﻧآ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ
ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺪﻧداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ )
17 .(
ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ود رد Prayson
لﺎــﺳ رد نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ و 2008
ﺎــﻜﻳﺮﻣا رد 8
ﺪــﻧﺮﺑ تﺎــﻫ گاد و 8 ﺮــﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﺪــﻧﺮﺑ ــﻣ ار
نﻮــﻣزآ درﻮ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ
ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ -
ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا ﺪﻧدادراﺮﻗ ﻲﺘﻠﻜـﺳا ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ زا ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﺻرد و
و ﺪﻧداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ار ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫ ،نژﻼﻛ ،ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا گر
يﺎـﻫ ،ﻲﻧﻮـﺧ
هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ار ﺖﺳﻮﭘ و فوﺮﻀﻏ ،ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ،ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺐﺼﻋ ،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ داﻮﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ) 19
، 18 .(
ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪـﻳﺆﻣ
زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ
يﺎـﻫ نازرا ﻴﻗ ﺖـﻤ و
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ خﺮﭼ
هدﺮﻛ يرﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ
هﺪـﺷ رد
دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﺳا .
ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦـﻳا سﺎـﺳا ﺮﺑ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ
ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ خﺮـﭼ هدﺮـﻛ
ﺮﻈﻧزا ﻪﺘﻓر رﺎﻜﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺎـﺑ
ﻲـﺳرزﺎﺑ و ﻖـﻴﻗد ترﺎـﻈﻧ لﺎـﻤﻋا
زا ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ
ﺖـﻴﻤﻫا ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ.
ﺖــﺷﻮﮔ ﻲــﻔﻴﻛ و ﻲﺘــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪــﺑ
ﻪــﺘﻓررﺎﻛ ر شو ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ياﺮــﺑ
رد تﺎﺒﻠﻘﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ هدروآﺮﻓ
يﺎﻫ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ
دﻮـﺷ . ﻪـﭼﺮﮔا
ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ تﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
زﺎـﺠﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ عﻮﻧ ﺎﻣا ﻪـﻛ ﺪﺸﻧ هداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ
يﺪـﻌﺑ تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻲـﻣ
ناﻮـﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ
ﮓﻧر يﺰﻴﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪـﺑ نﻮـﺳﺎﻣ موﺮـﻛ يﺮـﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا
رد ﺖﻓﺎﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﮓﻧرﺎﺑ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﻦﻳزﻮﺋا ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ يﺰﻴﻣآ .
ﺮﻜﺸﺗ و ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ
رﺎﻛ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا نﺎﻳﺎﭘ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ
دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد زا ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﺲﻳدﺮـﭘ–
ﻞﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﺖـﻧوﺎﻌﻣ هزﻮـﺣ زا ار ﻲﻧادرﺪـﻗ لﺎـﻤﻛ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ و
ﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نآ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﻧراد ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻣ
.
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Detection of Unauthorized Tissues in Trade Frozen Minced Meat Marketed in Yazd with Histological Method
Izadi F(MSc)1, Sadeghinezhad J(PhD)2, Hajimohammadi B(PhD)3, Taghipour-zahir SH(PhD)4, Fallahzadeh H(PhD)5, Sheibani MT(PhD)6, Mirjalili A(BS)7
1. MSc Student in Food Hygiene and safety, International campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3. Corresponding Author: Assistant professor, Research Center for Molecular Identification of Food Hazards, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
4. Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
5. Professor, Research center of Prevention and Epidemiology of non-communicable disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
6. Associate Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 7. BS in Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays the consumption of meat and animal carcasses in most countries is increasing. Regarding to economic values of meat, usage of unauthorized tissues in minced meat by jobbers is probable. Therefore; the present study was performed in order to detect unauthorized tissues in minced meat.
Methods: In this study, a total of 20 samples of trade frozen minced meat was purchased from various stores in Yazd city.Then each sample was divided into three parts and then one piece was taken from each part. The tissues were fixed in 10 % neutral-buffered formalin and were routinely processed for light microscopy and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin-embedded blocks were cut into 6 µm sections and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological study.
Results: The skeletal muscle tissues were visible clearly in all samples. Although, connective tissue, adipose tissue and smooth muscle were seen but unauthorized tissues were not detected in any sample.
Just in one sample, the residuals of the skin tissue was showed and in another sample , possessed bone tissue and in half of the samples the residuals of visceral organs were seen. In addition, some sections of the ligament were found.
Conclusion: The present study showed that the meat which has been used in preparation of this product had not premium quality. Due to importance of health and quality of meat, detection of unauthorized tissues in this product with histological technique is suggested.
Keywords: Minced meat, Histology, Unauthorized tissue, Food fraud
