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LUAT PHAP & CHINH SACKBao ve moi trirdng va phat trien du Ijch ben vCirng
TS. NGUYEN THE DONG
Phd Tongcifc trUdng. TongcucMdi trUdng
hat triln du lich ben vdng (DLBV) li
^ phat triln cie hogt ddng du lich nham dip dng nhu cau ve hien tai eua du khach va ngUdi dan ban dja, song hanh vdi cic hoat dpng bio tdn cinh quan, eic ngudn tai nguyen du Uch, BVMT cho phit trien du lich trong tuong lai.
De phat trien du lich theo hudng ben viing, van dl bio ve tii nguyen mdi tnidng li yeu cau cap thiet. Dip dng ylu eau nay, eac van bin quy phgm phap lugt da dUdc ban hinh lim cd sd phip ly cho viec quin ly, sd dyng vi bio v | tii nguyen mdi tnidng. trong dd cd mdi trUdng du Ijch.
I. Q U A N L t N H A NI/CIC VE BVMT TRONG HOAT D O N G DU LICH
Du Ijch dugc khang djnh la mpt trong nhdng nganh kinh te quan trgng, gdp phan thdc day sy phat trien eua cic nganh kinh te lien quan. BVMT trong hogt ddng du Ijeh dang ddpc Dang va Nha nUdc die bilt quan tam. HI thdng cac van ban phap lugt quy djnh BVMT trong hogt dgng du lich da bddc dau ddpc hinh thanh. tgo hanh lang phip ly phit triln DLBV.
Lugt Du Ijch 2005 quy djnh: Nguyen tie phit triln du Uch li phit triln DLBV (Dilu 5).
Lugt BVMT 2014 quy djnh hogt ddng BVMT ddpc khuyen khich li bio ve cinh quan thiin nhiin (Dilu 6); cic td chdc, ca nhan quin ly, khai thac khu di tich, diem di tich. khu du lich, diem du Ijch. cd sd iUu tru phai thue hien cic bien phap BVMT (Dilu 77).
Ngiy 12/4/2012, Thu tddng Chuih phu da ban hanh Quyet djnh sd 432/QD-TTg vl viec phi duyet Chien IdOc Phit triln ben vflng Viet Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020, trong dd nhan mgnh quan dilm "Phit trien ben vflng la yeu cau xuyen sudt trong qui trinh phit trien dat nude" Ngay 18/2/2013, Thu tddng Chinh phu ban hinh Quyet djnh sd 321/QD-TTg vl phi duyet ChUdng trinh hinh dgng qudc gia ve du Ijch giai dogn 2013 - 2020 vdi myc tieu chinh la xiy dyng he thdng sin pham du lich
dya tren loi the vl tii nguyin, dim bao nguyen tic phat trien DLBV. Ngiy 4/9/2013, Thu tudng Chinh phu da ban hinh Chi thi sd 18/CT-TTg ve ting cUdng cdng tac quin ly mdi trudng du lich vi dim bio an ninh, an toan cho khach du lich. Ngiy 11/11/2013, Thu tudng Chinh phu ban hanh Quyet djnh sd 2151/QD-TTg ve phi duyet ChUdng trinh xuc tiln du hch qudc gia giai dogn 2013-2020, trong dd de cap din ^ gid vi BVMT du Uch, van hda dng xd vdi khich du lich vi thdc day phit trien du Ijch ndi dia.
Ngay 30/12/2013, Bd Van hda, Thi thao vi Du Ijeh vi Bd Tai nguyen vi Mdi tnidng da phdi hop ban hinh Thdng td hen tjch sd 19/2013/TTLT- BVHTTDL-BTNMT vl viee Hudng din BVMT trong hogt ddng du lich, td chdc le hdi, bio ve vi phat huy gii trj di tich. Thdng td da quy djnh rat cu thi vi chi tilt trich nhiem BVMT eua don vi td chdc le hdi; cic td chdc, ea nhan quan ly vi boat ddng sin xuat kinh doanh tgi ed sd, kinh doanh van chuyen khach.
Ngay 12/4/2012. Bd Wn hda, Thi thao va Du lich di ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 1355/
QD-BVHTTDL ban hanh Bd tieu chi Nhan DLBV Bdng sen xanh lim cdng cy de dinh gia, quan ly cdng tie BVMT ddi vdi he thdng co sd Iflu tru du hch d Viet Nam.
Nhu vgy, trong thdi gian qua, cic van bin quy dinh ve BVMT trong hogt ddng du lich dUdc ban hanh la mgt trong nhdng nd lUc rat Idn cua Viet Nam nham huy dpng
nguon luc tdng hgp lion ket eac nganh, cic dja phUdng cho du Ijch phat triln theo quan diem, muc lieu va djnh hudng ve phat triln ben xTJing. Tuy nhien. cac quy dinh ve BVMT trong boat ddng du lich con thieu nhdng cd che, cdng c^
phip ly cu the de BVMT, chUa lim to trach nhilm cda cac to chdc, Cd nhan liln quan trong viec BVMT va nhdng bien phip khuyen khich can thiet de dim bao thiic thi cac quy djnh ve BVMT. Day la nhflng ndi dung can dddc Idu y khi hoin thicn hi thdng phap luat ve BVMT linh vUc du lich.
Ben canh dd, diphdt trien DLBV, can phat trien nhCdig chinh ,sach, quy dinh ve chi tra djch vy mdi trudng, Chi tra djch vu mdi tnidng he sinh thii la cdng cu kinh tl giiip nhflng ngudi dddc hudng Id td cic dich vii hi .sinh thai chi tri cho nhdng ngUdi tham gia duy tri, bao ve va phat triln cac chdc nang cua he sinh thai do.
Trin thdc tl, Vi|t Nam cung da thyc hien chinh sach chi tra dich \ai mdi trUdng rung tuy nhiin ddi tuong chi tra la nha miy thuy dien, nha may san xuat nUdc-., ma chiia cd doi tddng la khach du Ijch. Hen nda, Viet Nam cung chda co sij phan cdng thdng nhat dau mdi quan ly cac khu bao ton, vudn qudc gia... cung nhd quy djnh khung phap ly day du ve ehi tri dich vy mdi tnidng doi vdi cac he sinh thai.
Ngoii ra, DLBV cdn lien quan den nhieu van dl nhil van hoa ban dia, sd dyng lao dpng did phuong vi ning eao ddi sdng cho ngUdi din bin dia, giao dye mdi trydng,
8lM61tnIdDCS6 7/20l5
LUAT P H A P & CHINH SACH
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A BVMT Id yeu cdu cap thiet hUdng den phdt trim du lich ben vClng
dong gdp cho cdng tic bao tdn... Tuy nhiin, hinh lang phap ly cho DLBV hien nay chUa de cip day du den nhdng van dl nay, ddng thdi thieu eac ed ehl hd trd khuyen khich cac ci nhan td chdc tham gia vio cie md hinh DLBV.
2. M 6 T S O G I A I P H A P BVMT G A N VOl P H A T T R I E N DLBV
Sy phit trien nhanh ehdng eua nganh du Ijch thdi gian qua da va dang gdp phan tich cyc vao phit triln kinh t l - xa hpi cua dat nUdc ndi chung vi nhieu dia phuong ndi rieng, song ddng thdi eung giy ap luc khdng nhd len mdi trudng song, eanh quan thien nhien... De dim bao phit trien DLBV, mdt sd giii phip can dugc quan tim nham tang cddng BVMT trong phit trien du Ijeh.
Tiep (yc hodn thiin hi thong phdp ludt ve BVMT trong dd quy djnh nhflng ngi dung mdi nhd du Ijeh cd trach nhiem, chi tri dich vy mdi trddng he sinh thii (ddi tdpng li khach du Ijch), tang cddng che tii xd phgt vi phgm...;
Chii trgng cong tdc quy hoach phdt trien cdc khu du lich dim bao tinh khoa hpc. trin ed sd tinh toan ky Iddng, toin dien eac xu thi phit trien, td dd cd chinh sich phu hpp; tranh tinh trgng quy hogch thilu ddng bp, chdng cheo giy khd khin cho edng tic quin ly ndi chung, quan ly mdi trddng ndi rilng;
Tang cUdng nang lyic qudn ly mdi trUdngXrong cae khu du lich, khu bio tdn, phan cdng thdng nhat dau mdi quan ly eac khu bio tdn, vddn qudc gia...
Can cd cd chi phdi hdp ddng bd gida cie ddn vj quan Iy eic khu bio tdn vi vudn quoc gia.
cae cd quan hanh chinh va an ninh dja phddng, co quan quan ly trung ddng, cac cdng ty du Ijch, dgi dien eic cpng ddng nhan dan dja phUdng;
Ddy manh cdng tdc thanh tra, kiem tra, gidm sdt ve mdi trUdng (thudng xuyin, dinh ky, dot xuat); phdi hgp chgt che gida cic cd quan chuyin mdn nhim phit hi|n, ngan chgn vi xd ly kip thdi, triet de nhdng hanh vi gay d nhiem mdi trydng trong kinh doanh dich vy du lich. Ddng thdi, nang cao ning luc chuyin mdn, i^hiep vy eho ddi ngu can bd chuyen trich cdng tie mdi tnidng;
Trang bi cac phuong tien ky thugt hien dgi de phyc vy cd hieu qua hogt dgng cda cac lUc
lupng niy; Nang cao hieu qui cdng tie tuyen truyen, giao dye vl mdi trudng trong toin xi hgi nham tgo sy chuyen bien vi ning cao nhan thdc. y thdc chap hinh phap lugt BVMT, trich nhiem xi hoi cda ngddi din, doanh nghiep trong vile gin gid va BVMT, phat triln DLBV;
Phdt trien sinh ke cho ngUdi ddn gdp phan bao ve va sd dyng ben vdng tai nguyin thiin nhiin vi mdi tnidng.
Chu trpng phat trien dich vu du Ijeh tai dja phuong, ho trp phat trien eie logi hinh du ijch dUa vao cdng ddng.
Tdng cUdng hdp tdc qudc tS, da dgng hda phdong thdc hgp tic trong phat trien DLBV.
Cac nha dau hi, tai trd, td ehde phi chinh phu, cie td chdc dan sd xa hdi trong va ngoii nUdc cd thi tham gia va ddng vai trd quan trgng trong viec thuc day phit triln DLBV khi ed cO che khuyin khich. klu gpi tham gia hpp lyB
So 7/2015 Mot trddng 19
