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NGHIEN c a u - TRAO DOI

N H O N G W^ CHi'TRONG Vifc THI/C Hl|N Q U Y I N BAO CHOA

COA NGUdi Bj TlliM GlO, B\ CAN VA B| CAO

T heo quy djnh tai Dieu 12 Bd luat td tyng hinh sy (BLTTHS) nam 2003 thi ngudi bj tam giir, bj can, bj cao cd quyen ty bao chiia hoac nhd ngudi kbac bao ehira. Theo quy nay thi ehii the cd quyen bao chtia chi thudc ve ngudi bj tam giii, bi can va bi eao.

Nhirng chu the nay ed the ty minh bao chiia, neu hg khdng ty bao ehira thi ed the nhd ngudi khae bao chiia. Ngudi khae cd the la luat su, bao ehira vien nhan dan hoac ngudi dai dien hgp phap ciia ngudi bj tam giir, bj can, bj eao. Nhu vay, kbac vdi chii the cd quyen bao chiia, chu the thyc hien quyen bao ehira khdng chi thudc ve ngudi bi tam giir, bj can, bj eao ma edn thuge ve luat su, bao ehira vien nhan dan va ngudi dai dien hgp phap cua ngudi bj tam giir, bj can, bj cao trong trudng hgp hg la ngudi chua thanh nien hoac ngudi cd nhugc diem ve the chat hay tam than.

Dilu 12 BLTTHS cdn quy djnh: Co quan dieu tra, vien kiem sat, toa an cd nhiem vy bao dam eho ngudi bj tam giii, bj can, bj cao thyc hien quyen bao chiia eiia hg theo quy djnh ciia phap luat. Tuy nhien, trong thyc tien giai quyet cac vy an hinh sy, mgt thdi gian dai do khdng cd hudmg dan cy the va ciing khdng cd each hieu thdng nhat ve van de nay nen anh hudng khdng nhd den viec bao ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap ciia

TS. HOANG THI MINH SON *

cac chil the cd quyen bao ehira, dac biet la ngudi bi tam giii va bi can. Nhieu ngudi cho ring viec quy dinh nay trong BLTTHS chi mang tinh hinh thiic chii trong thyc te ehua bao gid duge thyc hien. Nhiing ban ehe trong viec thyc hien quyen bao ehira thudng xuat phat tir phia ngudi bao chiia va phia ca quan tien hanh td tyng.

1. Han che tir phia nguoi bao ehira

Trong khudn khd eua bai viet nay ehiing tdi chi tap trung nghien cim nhiing ban che ttr phia luat su la chinh, vi trong thyc te bao chiia vien nhan dan va ngudi dai dien hgp phap cua ngudi bi tam giii, bi can, bi cao rat it khi tham gia td tyng vdi tu each la ngudi bao ehira. Nhin chung, dai da sd luat su da tich eye sir dyng nhiing bien phap dugc phap luat quy dinh de bao ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cho bj can, bj cao nhung ciing khdng it nhumg luat da thyc hien nhiem vu ciia minh mdt each hinh thire, qua loa, dac biet la dii vdi nhiing trudng hgp bao ehira chi djnh.

Viee khdng coi trgng bao ehira chi djnh va thieu trach nhiem eiia luat su trong nhimg trudng hgp nay khdng mang lai hieu qua va thudmg duge bieu hien nhu sau:

- Cd luat su nhan bao ehira nhilu vu,

Giang vien chinh Khoa luat hinh sy Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi

40 TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 10/2008

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cudi ciing tai phien toa ehi bao ehira qua loa, bao chiia khdng dya vao nhiing tinh tilt go tgi eho bi cao mdi thu dugc d phien toa ma theo chuong trinh bao chiia cd san.

- Cd trudng hgp luat su bao chiia bang each ehi mugn cao trang ciia vien kiem sat dgc qua rdi ciing nhat tri vdi quan diem eiia vien kiem sat, mien sao phien toa cd mat luat su la khdng vi pham nghiem trgng thu tyc td tyng.

- Luat su tham gia bao chiia theo yeu cau ciia co quan tien hanh td tyng (luat su ehi djnh) bao ehira theo kieu nghTa vy, tham chi cd trudng hgp "cai" nham tir vy nay sang vy khae.

Qua nhirng trudng hgp bao chiia theo kieu nhu da neu tren ddi vdi viee bao ehira chi djnh theo yeu cau cua co quan tien hanh td tung, ed the ndi mgt sd luat su da dat quyen lgi ca nhan tren quyen lgi cua bj can, bj cao va bien minh thanh ngudi ddng kjcb de hgp phap boa phien toa. Chinh vi the ma da khdng it sy ed xay ra tai phien toa xet xir bj cao Nguyen Dire Thang (ed nhugc diem vl tinh thin) bj truy td ve tdi giet ngudi.

Luat su den mudn da thao thao bat tuyet bao chiia cho bj cao Thang pham tdi cudp tai san dang cdn d tudi ngudi chua thanh nien. Khi bj chii toa phien toa nhae nhd, luat su mdi biet minh nham vdi vy an kbac ma bj cao cung ten la Thang (hd so van cdn de trong cap).

- Dilu 190 BLTTHS quy djnh rit rd la trong trudng hgp bit bude phai ed ngudi bao ehira theo quy dinh tai khoan 2 Dieu 57 BLTTHS ma ngudi bao ehira ving mat thi hdi ddng xet xir phai hoan phien toa. Tuy

nhien trong thyc te van cdn ed trudng hgp ngudi bao ehira chi djnh khdng den dy phien toa ma khdng bao trudc cho toa an biet dan den tinh trang toa an phai hoan phien toa vi vang mat ngudi bao ehira gay khd khan cho hoat ddng xet xir va tdn kem eho Nha nude.

- Trong boat ddng bao chiia ciia minh edn cd luat su thieu tinh than trach nhiem vdi bj can, bj cao. Tai phien toa cd luat su cdn phat bieu chung chung, khdng di sau vao viec phan tich, danh gia cac tinh tiet, chimg Cli cua vy an cd lgi cho bi cao mdt each cy the; chuyen mdn, nghiep vy ciia luat su yeu, kT nang hanh nghe edn ban che. Mdt sd ngudi bao ehiia lai bude tdi bj cao, trai vdi nhiem vy cua ngudi bao ehira ma phap luat quy dinh hoac lap luan bj cao khdng cd tdi nhung lai de nghj hdi ddng xet xir cho hudng an treo. Sy tham gia cua ngudi bao ehira tai phien toa cd vai trd quan trgng. Tai phien toa ngudi bao ehira gdp phan eung cap them chimg cir cd lgi cho bj cao ddng thdi giiip cho hgi ddng xet xir cd dugc nhan djnh khach quan ban ve vy an de ra ban an thau tinh dat li. Trong phien toa xet xir cac vy an hinh sy, khi da cd dii chimg cir de chimg minh hanh vi pham tdi cua bj cao hay ndi each kbac la hanh vi pham tgi ciia bj cao da rd rang thi ngudi bao ehira thudng tim ra nhirng tinh tiet giam nhe trach nhiem hinh sy va de nghj hdi ddng xet xir xem xet de quyet djnh hinh phat nhe ddi vdi bj cao.

Dang tiec trong thyc te khdng phai tit ea mgi ngudi bao ehira deu ed the lam va bilu dugc viee dd. Khdng it vy an da ed dii chimg cir budc tdi va ban than bj cao cung thira nhan hanh vi pham tgi cua minh nhumg ngudi bao

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ehira van ed eai bi eao khdng cd tdi. Do sy non kem ve nghiep vu nen da cd nhiing bai bao chiia khdng nhiing thieu tinh thuyet phyc ma ddi khi cdn gay bat lgi cho bi cao.

- Luat su bang mgi each, ke ca nhung li le rat xa rdi phap luat eiing nhu thyc te de cd dua mgt bi cao cd chimg eir day du dugc co quan tien hanh td tyng chimg minh la cd tdi trd thanh vd tdi. Dieu nay la khdng tudng, bdi hgi ddng xet xir quyet djnh bi eao cd pham tgi hay khdng pham tdi phai can cii vao cac chiing cii dugc tham tra tai phien toa theo quy dinh eua phap luat chii khdng the dya vao li luan sudng. " ". ;;

- Cd nhiing vy an can cd ngudi bao ehira theo yeu cau ciia co quan tien hanh td tyng thi luat su nhan nhiem vu nay lai qua thd o vdi viec nghien eiiu hd so, den khi dua vy an ra xet xir, luat su bd quen ea nhiing tinh tiet giam nhe eua bi cao ma nhiing tinh tiet dd neu dugc luat su quan tam diing miic, neu ra de hgi ddng xet xir xem xet thi chac chan bj cao se dugc hudng sy khoan hdng, nhan dao cua phap luat. ' /

Nguyen nhan ciia viec ngudi bao chiia qua bet ldng vdi vy an nay nhung lai thd a vdi vy an khae cd le it nhieu phy thuge vao thil lao bao chiia. Hau bet cac tham phan deu eho rang cd luat su tham gia bao chiia eho bi cao tai phien toa bao gid ciing giiip cho tham phan cd nhieu gdc nhin hon ve vy an dang xet xir. Tuy nhien, cd nhieu vu an ma chiing cir da rd rang nhung luat su lai khdng dua ra nhiing lap luan xae dang de chiing minh sy vd tdi ciia bj cao- ma lai dimg nhiing li le

"eiin" de gat phang nhiing chumg cii khang dinh bi cao cd tdi. Chinh vi the ma nhieu khi

trong ban an khdng dan ra nhung Idi bao chiia khdng cd can cii phap li ciia cac luat su ma chi neu chung chung rang quan diem ciia luat su la bi cao khdng cd tgi nhung xet thay khdng cd co sd chiing minh. Cac luat su mudn hgi ddng xet xir xem xet y kien, trudc bet cin phai dua ra dugc nhung lap luan cd CO sd phap li, neu khdng se vd tinh lam anh hudng den bj cao.

Cd nhiing bai bao chiia cdn ta canh, ta ngudi, nguyen nhan, dieu kien pham tgi cua bj cao ma khdng lien quan gi den nhirng tinh tiet go tgi cho bi cao, huge chu toa phien toa phai nhae nhd. Lai cd trudng hgp ngudi bao ehira nghien ciiu hd so khdng kT va khdng ehuan bi tdt bai bao chiia nen ldi bao chiia dai ddng, tan man, hdi hgt, y kien trinh bay khdng rd, bd sdt hoac khdng lam ndi bat duge nhiing tinh tiet, chimg cii quan trgng co lgi cho bj eao lam cho bi cao khdng tin tudng vao ngudi bao ehira.

Mgt sd luat su chua hieu rd vai trd, nhiem vy dae tnmg cua ngudi bao chiia la khdng chi bao ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua bi can, bi cao tren co sd cua phap luat ma cdn bao ve phap luat. Hai nhiem vy nay ludn gan lien va khdng duge tach rdi nhau. Do vay, hg da "cd tinh bdo ve quyen vd lgi ich khdng hgp phdp ciia bi can, bi cdo khdng phii hgp vdi tinh tiet khdch quan ciia vu dn, trdi vdi quy dinh ciia phdp ludt, gdy mdt long tin eita hdi ddng xet xir vd khdng dugc nhitng ngudi tham du phien tod iing hd".'^^^ U 'V.-s u

Ben canh nhiing luat su cbju khd lam ro tinh chat cua vy an, tim ra nhiing tinh tilt, nhiing chimg cii cd lgi cho bi can, bi cao ma minh bao ve theo quy djnh ciia phap luat

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(bang nhiing bien phap hgp phap), lai cd nhiing luat su mudn giam nhe trach nhiem hinh sy cho bj can, bj cao bang nhirng bien phap trai vdi quy djnh ciia phap luat. Thay vi ddng vien bj can, bj eao thanh khan khai bao de CO quan tien hanh td tyng nhanh chdng lam rd sy that ciia vy an va bj can, bj cao dugc giam nhe trach nhiem hinh sy thi ngudi bao chiia lai ndi chuyen vdi hg bang each lip lip md md ma bj can, bj cao thudmg rat nhay ben trong van de nay nen hg biet lam gi de tranh tdi. Dieu tra vien ddi khi ciing gap khd khan trong viec bj can va ngudi bao chiia trao ddi nhau rdi phan eung. Cd trudng hgp bj can nhan tdi, sau khi tiep xiie vdi luat su lai phan cung va keu la bi biic cung.

t 2. Han che tir phia cc quan tien hanh to tung i •...:'

Nhirng ban ehe trong viee thyc hien quyen bao chiia cua ngudi bj tam giti va bj can, bj eao khdng chi xuat phat ttr phia ngudi bao ehira ma nd edn xuat phat tir phia co quan tien hanh td tyng. Thyc tien thyc hien quyen bao chiia cua ngudi bi tam giii va bj can, bj cao trong nhiing nam qua cho thay ndi chung cac co quan tien hanh td tyng da tao dieu kien tdt de ngudi bao chiia thyc hien nhiem vy bao chiia ddi vdi than chu ciia minh; da dam bao sy tham gia td tyng ciia ngudi bao ehiia ddi vdi nhirng trudng hgp bj can, bj cao bj truy cim trach nhiem hinh sy ve tdi theo khung hinh phat ed mire cao nhat la tir hinh dugc quy djnh tai Bd luat hinh sy;

ngudi bi tam giii, bj can, bj cao la ngudi ehua thanh nien, ngudi ed nhugc diem ve the chit hoac tam thin. Tuy nhien trong thyc te cdn cd nhumg trudng hgp vai trd eiia ngudi

bao chiia chua dugc tdn trgng diing mirc. Ca biet cd trudng hgp can bd dieu tra, kiem sat vien, tham phan coi thudmg, phii nhan vai trd cua luat su, gay khd khan cho luat su khi thyc hien nhiem vy ciia minh. Viec nay thudng dugc bieu hien cu the nhu sau:

- Theo quy ciia BLTTHS thi luat su tham gia td tyng tir khi khdi td bj can. Trong trudng hgp ngudi cd hanh vi pham tdi bi bat khan cap hoac bat trong trudng hgp pham tdi qua tang thi luat su tham gia td tyng tir khi ed quyet djnh tam giii trir trudng hgp can giir gin bi mat dieu tra ddi vdi tgi xam pham an ninh qudc gia. Ddi vdi nhiing trudng hgp nay, vien trudng vien kiem sat quyet djnh de luat su tham gia td tyng tir khi ket thuc dieu tra. Nhung thyc te viec tham gia td tyng cua luat su sau khi cd quyet djnh khdi td bj can cdn gap nhieu khd khan, nhieu trudng hgp sau khi ra quyet dinh khdi td bj can, co quan dieu tra khdng giao quyet djnh nay va eiing khdng giai thich eho bj can biet rd quyen va nghTa vy ciia hg. Do vay, mdt sd bj can khdng biet la minh ed quyen nhd luat su ngay tir khi hg bj khdi td ma hg tudng khi ra toa mdi dugc mdi luat su. Va ciing cd thyc te la trong nhieu trudng hgp luat su chua dugc tao dieu kien thyc hien quyen tham gia td tyng tir khi khdi td bj can.*^^ Bdi le, luat su mudn tham gia td tyng tir thdi diem nay thi phai dugc co quan dieu tra cap giay chimg nhan ngudi bao chiia. Cd trudng hgp co quan dieu tra dya vao cac quy djnh khdng rd rang cua phap luat de bat be luat su. Dd la trudng hgp bj can, bj cao dang bi tam giam nen than nhan ciia bi can da mdi luat su bao chua cho bj can. Khi luat su cam giay gidi

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thieu den, can bd ciia co quan dieu tra ndi:

Cai nay la gia dinh bi can mdi chii bi can dau cd mdi ma luat su ddi gap bi can.

- Thil tyc cap giay ehiing nhan ngudi bao chiia theo quy dinh tai khoan 4 Dieu 56 BLTTHS ciing nhu viec luat su duge ed mat khi lay ldi khai cua ngudi bi tam giir, khi hdi cung bj can theo quy djnh tai khoan 2 Dieu 58 BLTTHS cdn nhieu bat cap, da sd nhiing trudng hgp luat su xin cap giay chiing nhan ngudi bao chiia tir khi khdi td bj can bj co quan dieu tra tir chdi. Hinh thiic ma co quan dieu tra hay ap dung de tir chdi thudng la mdi khi luat su lien he thi tra ldi rang dieu tra vien thy II vy an dd di vang. Cd luat su hanh nghe gan 20 nam rdi ma chua bao gid duge tham gia td tung tir khi khdi td bi can, bat ke hanh vi pham tdi cua than chii thudc loai tdi pham nghiem trgng hay tgi pham it nghiem trgng... Thudng thi luat su ehi duge gap than chii ciia minh khi co quan dieu tra da lam ban ket luan dieu tra hoac vao budi ket cung tire la budi hdi cung sau ciing de cho bj can xae nhan nhumg ldi khai trudc dd.^^^ Mae du BLTTHS da quy dinh rit cu the nhung tren thyc te thi hau nhu ddi vdi cac trudng hgp quy dinh tai diem a, b khoan 2 Dieu 57 BLTTHS deu khdng dugc co quan dieu tra yeu cau doan luat su cir ngudi bao chiia cho hg tir khi khdi td bj can va nhu vay luat su khdng cd co hgi de thyc hien duge cac quyen eua minh nhu quyen cd mat khi hdi cung bj can va cd mat trong cac boat dgng dieu tra khae.

Dau nam 2007 Bd cdng an da cd cdng van sd 45/C16 (P6) ngay 26/1/2007 neu rd:

Viee mdi luat su can lay y kien cua ngudi bj

tam giam... theo don de nghj bao chiia eua' than nhan hg dl xin cap giay chiing nhan ngudi bao ehira, d mdi dia phuong thyc hien khae nhau... Mat khae da va dang xay ra tinh trang dilu tra vien vien cd de tri hoan cip giay chiing nhan hoac gay khd khan cho ngudi bao chiia thuc thi nhiem vy. De khae phyc tinh trang nay Bg cdng an ciing da chi dao: Trudng hgp ngudi bi tam giam, giir ddng y yeu eau ngudi bao chiia nhu dom ciia than nhan hg thi co quan dieu tra phai khan truong xem xet de cap giay ehirng nhan ngudi bao chiia eho luat su de hg tien hanh bao chiia theo diing thdi gian luat dinh (24 gid ddi vdi ngudi bi tam giii, 3 ngay ddi vdi ngudi bi tam giam). Co quan dieu tra phai tao dieu kien va thdi gian de ngudi bao ehira thyc thi nhiem vu, tranh cac viec lam nhu vien cd dieu tra vien dang dm, dieu tra vien dang ban viee khae, thdng bao qua gap thdi gian tien hanh viee hdi cung... Ddi vdi cac trudng hgp bat budc phai ed ngudi bao chiia thi CO quan dieu tra phai chu dgng thyc hien, day la van de bat budc. Neu khdng thyc hien thi bien ban hdi eung se khdng cd gia tri phap luat. Mac dii da cd van ban tren nhung trong thyc te luat su van ccdn gap nhiing trd ngai nhat dinh.

- Mgt sd ngudi tien hanh td tyng chi quan tam den nhiing chiing cii bude tgi ma it chii y den chiing cir go tgi cho bi can, bi eao hay ndi each khae la "cd budc tgi". Mac dii Dilu 10 BLTTHS da quy dinh rd: "CQDT

Vien kiem sdt. Tod dn phdi dp dung mgi bien phdp hgp phdp de xdc dinh su that cua vu dn

mot cdch khdch quan, loan dien vd ddy du, ldm rd nhitng chiing cic xdc dinh cd tdi vd

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nhitng ehirng cii xdc dinh vd tdi, nhirng tinh tiet tdng ndng vd nhitng tinh tiet gidm nhe trdeh nhiem cia bi cun, M cdo.

Trach nhiem ehirng minh tdi phgm thudc ve cdc CO quan tien hdnh td tung. bi cun, bi edo cd quyen nhung khdng budc phdi chiing minh Id minh vd tdi".

Vi du: Vy an xay ra d tinh Lam Ddng, anh Dd Duy Minh la ngudi mien Bac vao lam viec tai Diic Trgng - Lam Ddng. Anh Dd Duy Minh bj bat vi bi nham vdi Nguyen Xuan Minh, ngudi cd hanh vi trdm cap nhieu lan. Mdt can bd ciia Vien kiem sat nhan dan tinh Lam Ddng da ndi rang: "Minh bj bat va xir til vi khdng dua ra dugc nhiing bang chiing vd tdi. Hg dau cd hieu rang viec ket tdi Dd Duy Minh trong trudng hgp nay da vi pham nguyen tac xae djnh sy that ciia vy an, trong dd quy djnh rd trach nhiem chiing minh tdi pham thudc ve co quan dieu tra, vien kiem sat, toa an chir dau ed thuge ve bi can, bj cao. Hoac trong mdt vy an khae d huyen Cam Ld, tinh Quang Trj khi bj can keu oan thi dieu tra vien da ndi vdi bj can:

Chang ai tin may dau! May khdng the la ngudi vd tdi duge.

Sau khi cd ket luan dieu tra va de nghj truy td, hd so vu an dugc chuyen sang vien kiem sat thi ngudi bao chiia lai tiep tyc gap nhiing khd de nhit dinh. Ngudi bao ehira mudn nghien cim hd so trong giai doan nay thi khdng dugc kiem sat vien tao dieu kien ma tir chdi vdi li do minh cdn phai nghien ciiu hoac ehua ed van ban nao quy dinh giao ho so cho ngudi bao ehira ma chi dgc va ghi chep(?). Vay ngudi bao ehiia khdng cd hd so thi lam sao cd thi dgc, ghi chep... duge? Cd

trudng hgp ngudi bao chiia muon gap bi can thi bj kiem sat vien tir chdi vdi li do kiim sat vien phai lam viee vdi bj can trudc khi cho phep luat su gap. Do BLTTHS hien hanh quy dinh: "Ngudi bao chiia dugc dgc, ghi chep va sao chyp nhiing tai lieu trong hd so vy an lien quan den viee bao chtia sau khi ket thiie dieu tra theo quy djnh eiia phap luat". Day la quy djnh mdi cua BLTTHS nam 2003 trong viee eho phep ngudi bao chiia sao chyp hd so. Thyc te cd nhieu vu an phiie tap ngudi bao chiia neu chi dgc qua thi khdng the phat hien dugc nhtrng tinh tiet mau chdt quan trgng ma phai nghien ngam nhieu lan mdi cd the tim ra dugc. Cd khi ve nha va trong nhumg gid phut nhap tam mdi cd the mdi cd the danh gia sy viee xay ra mdt each ehinh xae. Dieu nay khdng chi rieng ngudi bao chtia ma nhieu tham phan eiing cho rang can sdm "cai tien" de khdng lam ban che sy ddng gdp cua ngudi bao ehira trong viec xae djnh va tim ra sy that khach quan eiia vy an. Neu de ngudi bao chiia duge photo tai lieu thi hg ed dieu kien thuan lgi hom de nghien cim hd so, tim ra nhirng tinh tiet, nhirng chimg cir xae djnh sy that cua vy an va cd lgi cho than chu ciia minh.

Tuy nhien, viec sao chyp hd so trong thyc te ciing cdn gap nhieu khd khan tir phia co quan tien hanh td tung.

- Vai trd ciia ngudi bao chtia tai phien toa xet xir cdn nhieu ban che nhat djnh vi nhieu li do khae nhau. Hdi ddng xet xir thudmg chil y den cac cac chiing eir do vien kiem sat dua ra ban la chimg eir do ngudi bao ehira dua ra. Cd trudng hgp tham phan xem ngudi bao ehiia nhu "mdt sy trang tri"

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tai phien toa, sy tham gia cua hg chi la de

"eho dil le bd, thu tuc" chii khdng phai de bao ve quyen lgi hgp phap cho bj cao. Tham phan Nguyen Trgng L. tda an nhan dan tinh Khanh Hoa trong mgt phien toa da dudi ngudi bao ehiia ra ngoai ehi vi ngudi bao chiia de nghj hgi ddng xet xir eho phep minh duge tiep tyc tranh luan.''*^

- Tai phien toa, mdt sd tham phan chu toa phien toa ciing ehua quan tam nhieu tdi viee tranh luan, vi mudn xir cho ggn, cho nhanh chir khdng mudn tranh eai nhieu va lat lai ehiing cii. Ddi khi vai trd, vj tri ciia ngudi bao ehira tai phien toa chi la cai "banh xe thii nam", khdng cd thi hinh nhu thieu ma cd thi thira. Ngudi bao ehira ngdi tai phien toa nhieu khi ehi de trang diem cho toa, luat su eir bao ehira, tham chi cdn tranh luan vdi kiem sat vien rat himg hdn va toa cii tuyen, vi vy an da duge duyet rdi.

Thyc tien xet xir cac vy an hinh sy d nudc ta trong nhiing nam qua cho thay cac tham phan chii toa dieu khien phien toa thudmg danh phan ldm thdi gian cho viee xet hdi ma khdng quan tam den viee tranh luan tai phien toa. Tham ehi cd nhiing phien toa ngudi tham gia td tyng cdn bj tudc quyen tranh luan.

3. Ket luan

So vdi nhting nam trudc day, quyen bao ehira cua ngudi bj tam giii, bj can, bj cao ngay cang duge thyc hien ed hieu qua horn.

Cac CO quan tien hanh td tyng da tdn trgng va tao dieu kien de ngudi bao ehira va ngudi bj tam giii, bj can, bj cao thyc hien quyen va nghTa vu khi tham gia td tung. Khdng it luat su cd phong each bao chtia day ea tinh,

nhiing lap luan, can cii bao ehira chat che va sac sao, dua ra nhirng cbiing cir bao ve ngudi bj tam giii, bi can, bi cao cd tinh thuyet phyc, giup hgi ddng xet xir danh gia va ket luan chinh xae hon ve vy an, dam bao cdng bang va dan chu tai phien toa. Tuy nhien, ddi vdi nhumg trudng hgp ngudi bi tam giii, bj can, hi cao ty bao chiia thi chat lugng edn thap hom nhieu so vdi cac vy an cd sy tham gia ciia luat su. Khi ty bao chiia, ngudi bi tam giir, bi can, bi cao mdi chi dimg lai d viee an nan, hdi cai, thanh khan khai bao, nhan rd sai lam ciia minh va yeu cau nhan dugc su khoan hdng cua phap luat.

Mac dil da dat dugc nhiing ket qua nhat djnh trong viee thyc hien quyen bao ehira ciia ngudi bi tam giii, bi can, bi cao nhung nhin chung sd lugng va chat lugng bao chiia van cdn nhieu ban che. Nhiing chimg cii do ngudi bao ehira dua ra ddi khi khdng dugc CO quan tien hanh td tyng ghi nhan; ngudi bao ehira chua dugc thyc sy tham gia tir giai doan dieu tra; thdi gian danh cho viee tranh luan tai phien toa chua dam bao, anh hudng khdng nhd den viee xae dinh sy that khach quan va quyen bao ehira cua ngudi bi tam giii, bj can, bj cao./.

(l).Xem: TS. Nguyen Van Tuan, "Ludt su vd vdn di dgo dice nghe nghiep ", Tap chi dan chu va phap luat, sd 8/2000, tr. 8.

(2).Xem: Dire Hanh, "Ludt su cdn duac tham gia Id tiing tif giai dogn diiu tra". Tap chi phap luat chuyen disd 1, thang 9/2001, tr.3.

(3),Xem: Ludt vd thuc te con nhiiu khodng cdch, ngudn: http://sggp,org.vn/phapluat.

(4). Luat su cho rang thSm phan da ngat Idi luat su khi dang tranh luan khdng cd co scr: