TAP CHi GONG THlfdNG
NGHIEN ClfU CAC TIEU CHI DANH GIA VA N H C N G NHAN TO TAC DONG DEN PHAT TRIEN DU LICH
BEN V C N G T A I VIET NAM
• NGUYIN THI TUYET NGA - NGUYIN THU HIEN
T 6 M TAT:
Du lich (DL) ben vffng da trd thanh nhu clu t^t y^'u dd'i vdi ta't ca nhffng quoc gia muo'n duy tri sff phat tri^n mOt ckch hieu'qua vk lau dki.
Bai vie't nghien cff^ ly luan va thffe ti6n, tff do di xua't bp ti6u chi danh gia va nghien cffu 4 nhan t6'tac dong de'n phat trien DL ben vffng tai Viet Nam nhff: Nang lffc va hi6u qud quan ly nha nffdc ve DL; Y thffe trach nhiem cua khach DL, cd sd kinh doanh DL vk c6ng d6ng dSn cff dia phffdng; Trinh d6 phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, chinh sach dd'i vdi phdt trien DL va mffc dp on dinh ciia moi trffdng phdp ly, chinh tri - xa hoi, an ninh - qu6'c phong; Sff lien k^t, hdp tdc DL giffa cac dia phffdng trong nffdc va qu^c t6', giffa DL va cac ngkah, ITnh vffc lien quan.
Tuf khoa: Ti^u chi ddnh gid, nhan to tdc ddng, du lich bin vffng, phat tri^n du lich.
I. D^t vSTn d l
Ngay nay, DL da trd thanh mpt nhu cau can thid't trong ddi song, xa hpi. Trong xu hffdng phdt tri^n, DL ngay cang dffde coi trong trong can can kinh te'cua cac qud'c gia tren the gidi, hong do co Vi0t Nam. Tuy nhien, viec khai thdc mpt each hdp ly vd dam bao tinh lau dai cua tai nguyen DL lai la dieu Ihffc sff can phai xem xet.
Tren thffe te, phdt trien DL diTa vao hai yeu to' tai nguyen tff nhien va tai nguyen nhdn \an. Neu mpt trong hai tru cdt nay bi mat di thi DL phai dd'i m3t vdi nguy cd suy thoai tram trpng. Do va\. de phdi trien DL. mpt trong nhffng giai phdp hffu hieu nha't ma ra't nhieu qud'c gia tren the gidi da Iffa chon dd la "Phat trien DL ben vffng".
DL ben vffng da va dang trd thanh mdt xu hifdng mdi khdng chi cua rieng mot qud'c gia ma cdn la cua loan the gidi. Trong qua tnnh phdt trien kinh tg' toan cau, mdi tnfdng dang ngay cang bi suy thoai nghiem trpng. Sff phat trien ben vffng ciia mpt quoc gia ndi chung phai dffde dam bao mot each thd'ng nha't va ddng thdi tren ca ba mat: Kinh te. Van hda xa hdi va Mdi tn/dng. Tffc la, phai phdt trien hai hda giffa cac muc tieu kinh te. cae muc tieu xa hpi va bao ve mdi trffdng.
Y thffe dffde di^u nay, d Viet Nam. quan diem phat trien DL bin vffng cung da va dang dffde dp dung rong rai d nhilu die^m va khu DL. Viet Nam cd tiem nang DL ra't Idn vdi nhffng ldi the'vl canh sac thien nhien, nhilu di^m den DL 'Vp dSn du
QUAN IR!-QUANLY
khach ca h-ong va ngoai nffdc. Tuy nhidn, trong xu the phat trien DL hien nay, Viet Nam cung khdng the trdnh khdi nhffng va'n de bS't edp chung cua nganh DL.
Hidn nay, Viet Nam dang phai ganh chiu nhffng hau qua cua viec quy hoach phdt trien DL mot cdch tff phat cbl vi nhffng muc dich thffPng mai trffdc mat ma khdng cd tam nhln xa ve tffdng lai. Dieu nay gay ra nhffng anh hffdng xa'u cho mdi trffdng va sff thie'u ddng bg trong quy hoach.
Vsfn de dat ra la lam the nao de phat tri^n DL Vidt phai di ddi vdi viec bao tdn cac di tich, cac gid tri truyin thd'ng vd'n co, cung nhff bao ve canh quan mdi trffdng.
VI vdy, viec nghien cffu cdc tidu chi ddnh gid va cac nhdn to' tdc ddng de'n phat trien DL bin vffng tai Vidt Nam hien nay la ra't can thie't va cap bach.
Tff dd, giup DL ben vffng phat trien va trd thanh hffdng di mdi, tao ldi the canh tranh cho DL Viet trong giai doan hien nay.
2. N$i dung nghidn cffu
2.1. Cdc tiiu chi ddnh gid phdt trien DL ben vSng
Nhieu cdng trinh nghien cffu da dffa ra cde bd chi sd bin vffng trong phat trien DL, mpt trong sd' dd phdi ke de'n Bp tieu chuan DL ben vffng toan cau do Hpi dong DL toan clu (GSTC) xdy dffng, bao gdm 4 nhdm chi so' thi hien nhff Bang sau:
(Xem Bang)
Bang. Bon nhom chi so
Bp tieu chi danh gia tdng the ve phat trien DL ben vOng (Hdi du heh loan cau GSCT)
Quan iy ben vOng, hieu qua
Gia tang idi ich l<inh te xa hdi cho cong ddng dja phi/dng va giam thieu cac tac ddng tieu eye
Gia tang ldi ich ddi vdi cac di san vSn hda va giam thieu nhi3ng tac ddng tieu ciic
Tdi da hda idi ich ddi vdi mdi trudng va giam thieu nhQng anh hffdng tidu cue
Trong dd:
- Quan ty ben vdng, hieu qud, gdm: (I) Thffe hien mpt hd thd'ng quan ly ben vflng, lau dai, phu hdp vdi quy md va thffe lffc, quan tam giai quyet cac van de ve mdi trffdng, kinh te - xa hdi, van hda, chat Iffdng, sffc khde va an toan; (2) Tuan thu phdp luat va cac quy dinh qud'e gia, quoc te;
(3) Nhan vien dffde dao tao dinh ky ve vai trd trong quan ly dp dung ve mdi trffdng, kinh td- xa hdi, van hda, sffc khde va an toan; (4) Ddnh gia sff hai long eiia khdch hdng de cd sff dieu chinh phu hdp; (5) Quang cao san pham DL dung suf that, cam ke't ben vffng va khdng hffa hen nhffng dieu khdng ed; (6) Thie't ke, xay dffng, cai tao va van hanh ed sd ha tang dam bao tuan thii phdp luat, quy hoach, tdn trpng di san, sff dung vat lieu dia phUdng; (7) Sd hffu hdp phdp dd't dai va tai san theo cdc quy dinh phap luat cua dia phffdng;
(8) Cung ca'p thdng tin, dien giai vl thidn nhidn, disan, van hda ciang nhffhi/dng ddn cdch ffng xff phu hdp cho du khdch khi tham quan tai diim de'n DL.
- Gia tdng loi ich kinh ti' - xa hoi cho cong dong dia phuang vd gidm thieu cdc tdc dong tiiu cue, gdm: (1) Tich cffc ung hd cac sang kie'n phdt trien cd sd ha tang xa hdi va hd trd phdt trien cdng ddng; (2) Cdng ddng dia phffdng dffde ffu tien luyen dung va ddo lao; ffu tidn sff dung hang hda va dich vu san xua't tai dia phffdng, trff khi san pham khdng phu hdp; (3) Tao dieu kien cho eac CO sd san xua't nhd eua dia phffdng phdt trien va ban cac san pham ben vffng dffa tren nhffng dac thii v l thien nhien, lich sff van hda cua khu vffe; (4) Cd quy tac xff sff phu hdp vdi cde boat ddng eiia cdng ddng ban dia; (5) Chd'ng ba't ky hanh vi khai thac va dp bffc nao vi thffdng mai va tinh due, dac bidt dd'i vdi tre em, phu nff va ngffdi thieu sd'; (6) Dd'i xff cdng bang trong tuyin dung cdc lao ddng phu nff va ngffdi dan tdc thieu sd', khdng dffde sff dung lao ddng tre em; (7) Tuan thu cdc quy dinh cua phdp luat qud'c gia va qudc le' ve quyen ciia ngffdi lao dpng; (8) Cac hoat dpng DL khdng dffde gay nguy hiem cho ngudn dff trff ed ban hay he thd'ng ve sinh ciia cdng ddng; (9) Cae hoat dpng DL khdng gay anh hffdng de'n sinh kc eua ngffdi dan dia phffdng.
So 16-Thang 7/2020 H I
TAP CHl CONG THirifNG
- Gia tdng loi ich doi vdi cdc di sdn vdn hda vd gidm thieu nhdng tdc dong tieu cue, gdm: (1) Tuan thu cdc hffdng dan va quy tdc ffng xff khi tham quan cde diem van hda hay lich sff nhay earn; (2) Cdc do tao tdc lieh sff hoac gia cd khdng dffde phep mua bdn, kinh doanh hay trffng bay, trff khi dffde phep; (3) Ddng gdp eho cdng tac bao idn di tich, tai san gia tri lieh sff, van hda, khao ed, cd y nghia tinh than, tuyet dd'i khdng can trd vide lie'p can ciia cff ddn dia phffdng; (4) Tdn trpng quyen sd hffu tri tue cua cdng ddng dia phffdng khi sff dung cdc ye'u td' ve nghe thudt, kidn true hoac di san van hda dia phffdng trong hoat ddng kinh doanh, thie't kd', trang tri, am thffe.
- Tdi da hoa loi ich doi vdi moi trudng vd gidm thieu nhdng dnh hudng tieu cue, gdm: {I) Bao ton cdc ngudn ldi nguyen; (2) Giam d nhiem; (3) Bao tdn da dang sinh hpc, he sinh thdi va canh quan tff nhidn.
Bp tieu chuan ndi trdn da dua ra eac ehi sd' khd chi tie't v l DL bin vffng. Song chffa de cap nhieu dd'n ede ehi sd' ddnh gid ben vffng vi kinh td'; nhilu lidu chi khdng the dinh Iffdng ndn viec dp dung cdn gap khd khan.
Trong nffdc, nhilu cdng trinh nghien cffu da dffa ra mdt sd' lidu chi ve phat irien DL ben vffng d ede mffe dp cu the' khdc nhau. Tuy nhien, cho de'n nay, van chffa cd mpt bd tieu chi thd'ng nha't cung nhff chffa cd bd tidu chi nao de ra day du cde gia tri eu the can dat dffde trong mdi nhdm tieu ehi.
Tff nghien cffu va phan tich, nhdm tdc gia de xua't mdt bd tieu ehi ddnh gia phdt trien DL ben vffng cd the dp dung va kha thi hdn trong dieu kien thffe te' cua ede dia phffdng Viet Nam.
Quan diem .vdy dUng bo tiiu chi:
- Xac dinh cde gid tri, gidi han can dat dffde.
- Cac tieu ehi phai phu hdp vdi ndi dung cffa phat trie'n DL ben vffng, ddng thdi cd kha nang tinh todn hoac dieu tra dffde d mffc dp cao nha't ed the' trong dieu kien ciia cac dia phffdng.
- Cde gidi han can dat ciia tidu chi dffde de xuat phu hdp vdi yeu cau. nguyen tac phdt trien DL ben vffng: ddng thdi phai kha thi trong dieu kien thffe te' ciia cdc dia phffdng cap tinh d Viet Nam hien nay
Ndi dung bg tieu chi:
-¥ Tieu ehi ddnh gia tang tiudng kinh te ben vflng
(1) Td'c dd tang trffdng doanh thu, tang trffdng gid tn tang thdm cua DL: Nghi quyet Dai hpi Dang loan qud'c lan thff XII da d l ra chi tidu tdng trffdng kinh te' binh quan 5 nam cua Viet Nam la 6,5 - 7%/nam. Do dd, nhdm tdc gid de xua't gidi ban cua tieu chi nay la khdng dffdi 7%/nam. Gidi han nay can dat dffde dn dinh, lidn tuc khdng dffdi 5 nam.
(2) Ddng gdp ciia gid tri tang them ngdnh DL vao GRDP ciia dia phffdng: Ddng gdp cua gid tri tang them ngdnh DL vao GRDP dia phffdng ngay cang tang.
(3) Sff phij hdp vdi Idi thd'dia phffdng, tinh da dang, ben vffng cua san pham DL: Mffe dp phQ hdp de danh gia sff phdt triin bin vffng cua sdn phim DL la phai phiJ hdp vdi chien Iffdc phdt trien san phd'm DL cua dia phffdng dd, bdi chie'n Iffdc c^a mdi dia phffdng thffdng dffde xdy dffng tren cd sd da edn nhac, linh todn khoa hpc cdc yd'u to lien quan, hffdng tdi khai thdc, phdt huy td't nha^t d|c thii film nang, ldi the' tai nguyen DL.
(4) Lffdng vd'n va cd ca'u ngudn vd'n dau tff eho DL: Dffde huy ddng va cd cdu phii hdp vdi phan ky Iheo quy hoach tdng thi phdt trien DL cua dia phffdng.
(5) Sd' Iffdng, eha't Iffdng ngudn lao ddng DL:
Cae ehi so vl phdt trien ngudn nhan lffc DL, bao gdm ca sd' Iffdng va chat Iffdng, da dMc tinh todn phu hdp va can dd'i vdi cac muc tidu phdt trien ben vflng khdc.
(6) Mffc dd ffng dung edng nghd thdn thidn mdi trffdng va cdng nghe thdng tm: Mffc dp phai tang dan lidn luc, ddng thdi giai doan 2020 - 2025 cd binh quan tren 60% cd sd kinh doanh DL sff dung Internet phuc vu boat ddng quang bd, gidi thieu hinh anh va cd sff ehii ddng ap dung cdng nghd than thien vdi mdi trffdng trong cdc hoat dpng lien quan dd'n dau tff, kinh doanh DL. Ty le nay phdi tang len 10% cho mdi giai doan 5 nam tie'p theo.
(7) Tang trffdng li/dng khdch DL: Gidi han edn dat ciia ehi sd nay dffde xdc dinh tifdng ffng vdi gidi ban cua chi sd vl tang trffdng gia ui tang them (chi so dau eua bp tieu chi). eu the la khdng dffdi 7%/nam. dn dinh khdng dudi 5 nam.
QUANlR!-QU/iNLy
(8) Chi tidu binh quan ciia khdch DL: Tang din lidn tuc khdng dffdi 5 nam; khdng tha'p hdn trung binh chi sd' nay eiia DL ea nffdc.
(9) Mffc dp hai long ciia du khach: Khdng dffdi 80%, on dinh.
- Tidu chi ddnh gid tang ttifdng kinh te bin vffng Ihue day tid'n bp, edng bang xa hpi va gdn lien vdi bdo tdn, phdt huy cac gid tri van hda bdn dia
(10) Ty le ngffdi dan dffde lay y kie'n ve quy hoach, ehii trffdng dIu tff dff dn DL trffdc khi trien khai: 100% chii hd trong vCtng dff an.
(11) Mffc dp tao viec lam cho cdng ddng dja phffdng tff DL; Cao hdn ly Id tao viec lam mdi binh thffdng trffdc khi cd dff dn DL tren dia ban, khdng dffdi 80% ngffdi dan trong cdng ddng ghi nhan.
(12) Ddng gdp cho xda ddi gidm ngheo va tao cd hdi nang cao thu nhap, hffdng ldi eho cdng ddng ban dia tff DL: Tang din, khdng dffdi 80% ngffdi dan trong cpng ddng ghi nhan.
(13) Ddng gdp eua DL cho bao vd tai nguyen DL nhdn van: Chii ddng, tich effe, khdng dffdi 80%
ngffdi dan trong edng ddng ghi nhan.
(14) Mffc dp hdi long cua cdng ddng dia phffdng ddi vdi hoat ddng DL: Khdng dffdi 80% ngffdi dan trong cdng ddng ghi nhan, on dinh.
- Tieu chi danh gia lang irffdng kinh td' ben vffng gdn vdi bao vd tdi nguydn DL Iff nhidn vd mdi trffdng sinh thai
(15) Ty le cac khu, die'm tai nguydn DL dffde quy hoach: 100%.
(16) Ty Id khu, diim tdi nguyen DL dang khai thdc dffde dau tff Idn tao va bao vd ddp ffng yeu cau chd'ng suy giam tai nguyen, bdo vd mdi trUdng:
Tdng dan lidn tue khdng dffdi 5 nam; giai doan 2021 - 2025 dat tren 60%, mdi 5 nam tie'p theo, ty Id nay tang thdm khdng dffdi 10%.
(17) Cha'l Iffdng mdi trffdng (nffdc, khdng khi, rac thai, am thanh, dnh sang...) tai cac khu, die'm DL: Khdng vffdt ngffdng Iheo cac quy chuan, tidu chi vd chi tidu cu the v l mdi trffdng do cd quan chffc nang quy dinh cho tffng thdi ky.
(18) Y thffe trdch nhidm cua du khach vdi lai nguydn DL vd mdi trffdng: Tuan thii ndi quy, quy che'bao vd tai nguyen, mdi trffdng tai ndi DL; ty Id bj xff ly vi pham dffdi 1% so vdi tong so'du khdch;
khdng cd vi pham dan tdi hau qua nghidm trpng.
(19) Y thffe trdch nhidm etia edng ddng dan eff ban dia vdi tdi nguydn DL va mdi trffdng: Tudn thii quy dinh v l bao vd tai nguydn, mdi trffdng eiia dia phu'dng va tudn thu cam ke't bao vd tai nguyen, mdi Irffdng. Ty Id vi pham bi xff ly hdng nam dffdi 1%
so vdi tdng so'ngffdi dan cua edng ddng; khdng ed vi pham ddn ldi hau qua nghiem trpng.
(20) Trach nhiem cua cd sd kinh doanh DL vdi tai nguydn DL va mdi trffdng: Tudn thu ndi quy, quy chd' bao ve tai nguyen, mdi irffdng tai ndi DL;
ty le bi xff ly vi pham hang nam dffdi 1% so vdi tong sd' cd sd; khdng cd vi pham dem lai hdu qua nghiem trpng.
2.2. Nhdng yeu to cO bdn tdc d^ng din phdt trien DL ben vdng
Sff phdt triin cua DL chiu tac ddng cua nhilu ye'u to nhff nang lffc va hieu qua quan ly nha nffdc ve DL, y thffe trdch nhidm cua cac chu the tham gia quan he DL, tai nguyen DL, mdi trffdng chinh iri, kinh td' - xa hdi ciia mdi qud'c gia, khu vffc, dja phu'dng, cae yd'u td' toan eau hda, hdi nhap qud'c te' va bid'n ddi khi hdu loan eau.
- Ndng luc vd hieu qua qudn ly nhd nUdc ve DL Theo Dilu 10 Ludt DL ciia Viet Nam, qudn ly nhd nffdc ve DL ndi ehung bao gdm cdc ndi dung: (1) Xay di/ng vd id chffc thffe hien chid'n Iffdc, quy hoach, kd' hoach vd ehinh sach phdt triin DL; (2) Xay dffng, ban hanh vd Id' ehffe thffe hidn van ban quy pham phap luat, lieu chuan dinh mffe kinh te' - ky thuat trong boat dpng DL;
(3) Tuydn truyin, phd bie'n, gido due phap luat vd thdng tin v l DL; (4) To chffc, quan ly hoat dpng ddo tao, bdi dffdng ngudn nhdn lffc; nghidn cffu, ffng dung khoa hpc vd edng nghd; (5) To chffc dilu tra, danh gia tai nguydn DL de xay dffng quy hoach phdt irie'n DL, xdc dinh khu DL, die'm DL, tuye'n DL, dd thi DL. (6) To' chffc thffe hidn hdp tdc qud'e te' ve DL; hoat ddng xuc tid'n DL d trong nffdc vd nffdc ngoai; (7) Xay dffng bp may quan ly nhd nffdc vd DL phij hdp, ddp ffng yeu cau qudn ly phdt trien DL; (8) Cd'p, thu hdi gia'y phep, gia'y ehffng nhdn v l hoat ddng DL;
(9) Kie'm tra, thanh tra. giai quye't khid'u nai, td*
cdo va xff ly vi pham phdp ludt v l DL.
- Y thdc trdch nhiem cda khdch DL, ca sd kinh doanh DL vd cong dong ddn cudia phuang
So 16-Thang 7/2020 113
TAP CHi GONG THlfdNG
Khdch DL:
Khach DL chinh la ngffdi tao nen thu nhap DL va irffc tie'p tdc ddng de'n tai nguyen DL. Ye'u to' trdch nhiem ciia du khdch ed tdc ddng, anh hffdng quan trpng de'n phdt trien DL bin vffng. Chilu hffdng lac ddng tiiy thudc vao mffc dd trdch nhidm, thdi dp va hanh vi ffng xff cda du khdch vdi tai nguyen DL, vdi cdng ddng ddn ban dia khi tidu diing san pham DL.
Co sd kinh doanh DL:
Hoat ddng ciia cd sd kinh doanh DL tac ddng trffc tie'p de'n tai nguyen DL, mdi trffdng ttf nhien, xa hpi vd cdng ddng dan eu" ndi ed boat ddng DL.
Cd sd kinh doanh cd trdch nhiem se cd y thffe sff dung hidu qua, hdp ly tai nguydn vd cde ngudn lffc DL khac dd' gdp phan thiie d^y iSng irffdng kinh te' DL ben vffng, chia sd ldi ich vdi edng ddng, bao vd tai nguydn, mdi trffdng. Ngffdc lai, se gdy dnh hffdng Idn dd'n phdt trie'n DL ben vffng.
Cgng dong dia phuang:
Cdng ddng dia phffdng cung la nhffng ngffdi trffc tid'p, thffdng xuyen tid'p xuc vdi tai nguyen DL. Do dd, y thffe irdch nhiem cua cdng ddng dia phffdng cd tdc ddng, anh hffdng khdng nho de'n phdt trien DL ben vihig, vdi chilu hffdng va mffc dp tdc ddng luy thudc mffe dp trdch nhiem eiia edng ddng khi tham gia cac hoat ddng DL.
- Trinh do phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi, chinh sdch do'i vdi phdt trien DL vd mdc do on dinh cua moi trudng phdp ly. chinh tri - xd hoi. an ninh - qud'c phong
Nhan td nay ed tdc ddng ra't Idn dd'n kha nang va xu hffdng phdt trie'n ben vffng nganh DL cua da't nffdc, dia phu'dng dd. Kinh id' - xa hoi ciia qud'c gia, dia phffdng phdt triin d Uinh dp nao thi nganh DL se cd dffde ed sd, tiln de, nen lang (bao gdm ca nin tang vl ha tang, cd sd vat cha't, ngudn lffc tai
chinh, nen tang vl van hda, tnnh dp id chffc xa hdi, trinh dd dan iri) va mdi tnfdng, dieu kien cho sff phdt trie'n ciia minh d mffc dp do. Quan diem cung nhff chinh sdch cua dia phUdng vd qud'c gia doi vdi nganh DL cd anh hffdng trffc tid'p dd'n phdt triin DL bin vffng.
- Su lien ki't, hcfp tdc DL gida cdc dia phuang trong nude vd quoc ti', gida DL vd cdc ngdnh, lmh vUc liin quan
Mffe dd lidn kd't, phd'i hdp gifla eac nganh lidn quan vdi DL la yd'u to' hd't sffc quan trpng, ed tdc ddng trffc tiep de'n phdt trien DL ben vffng. Ne'u phdi hdp td't se tac ddng tich cffc, gidm ehi phi phdt triin, giam nguy cd xung dot quan didm phdt trien, sff lidn ket theo chudi cdn tdc ddng hxfc tie'p den hieu qud tang trffdng eua tffng ngdnh, de mdi nganh deu cd sff phat trien ben vffng hdn, hffdng de'n muc tieu phat trid'n bin vflng ehung eiia ca nen kinh te'.
3. Cac ke't qua nghien cihi dff kie'n va ban chd' Ldi ich ma DL ben vffng mang lai la rd't Idn, khdng ehi ddp ffng nhu cau hidn tai cua khdch DL va ngifdi dan bdn dia ma edn bdo tdn cdc ngudn tai nguyen cho vide phdt trien DL trong tffdng lai.
Nghien cffu da de xua't bd lieu chi dffa tren quan diem vl vide xdc dinh cdc gid trj, gidi han, tieu cM phu hdp vdi ndi dung, ydu cau, nguyen tac ciia phat trien DL bin vflng, ddng thdi phai kha thi trong dieu kien thffe te eua cac dia phffdng d Viel Nam hidn nay. Ngoai ra, nghidn cffu cung da xdc dinh du'dc ede nhan to' tac ddng dd^n phdt trien DL ben vffng. Tff dd, gdp phan tich effe vdo vide qudn ly va phdt Irien DL ben vffng tai Viet Nam.
Tuy de tai da iim ra cdc nhdm nhdn Id' anh hffdng dd'n phdt triin DL bin vflng, nhffng vdn cdn nhidu nhan td' khac anh hffdng ma trong nghidn cffu chffa de cap. Day cung la mdt trong nhffng hirdng phdt irien ciia de lai trong thdi gian tdi •
TAI LIEl' THAM KHAO:
1, CJO it^lng v a n h6a Nghe ihuat va Du lich Sai Gon 12()I5). Bai hpc Charles De Gaulle - Lile 3 "Toan cau hoa du lich v i dia phUdng h6a du iich". K> >eu hpi thdo khoa hoc qudc te, TP. Ho Chi Minh.
2. Quo'c hoi nifdc Cpng hoa \a hui chu nghTa Viel Nam 12005). Lual Du lich, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia - Sif that H i Noi
QUAN TR!-QUAN i r
3. Thu ttfdng Chinh phii (2002), Quyft djnh so' 97/2002/QD-TTg phe duyet Chie'n luoc phat tri^n DL Viet Nam 2001-2010, Ha N6i.
4. Ihii tudng Chinh phij (2004), Quye't djnh sS 153/2004/QB-TTg vi viec ban hanh Dinh hmSng chie'n liroc phiit triin bin vi!ng & Viet Nam (Chifdng trinh nghi sir 21 ciia Viet Nam), HS Noi.
5. Thu ttfdng Chinh phu (2013), Quye't dinh so 201/QD-TTg phe duyet Quy hoach tong the phiit trien Du l|ch Viet Nam den nam 2020, t^m nhin de'n nam 2030, Ha Noi.
6. Tdng cue Du lich Viet Nam va Quy phat trien bSn vSng Tay Ban Nha (2003), Dtf 4n xay dtrng nang Itfc cho phat triin Du lich 6 Viet Nam, Hi Noi.
Ngiy nh^n bai: 1/6/2020
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va sSa chffa: 11/6/2020 Ngay chS'p nh^n dang bai: 21/6/2020 Thong lin tdc gid:
1. ThS. NGUYfeN THI TUYET NGA 2. ThS. N G U Y I N T H U KEEN
TrffoTng Dai iu>c Tai nguy6n va M6i triioTng Thanh ph6' Ho Chi IMinh
A STUDY ON CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM
• Master. NGUYEN THI TUYET NGA
• Master. NGUYEN THU HIEN Ho Chi Minh C i t / University of Natural Resources a n d Environment ABSTRACT:
Sustainable tourism has become an indispensable need for ail countries that want to maintain their development in an effective and long-term approach. This study examines in theoretical and practical terms of sustainable tourism, thereby proposing criteria to evaluate four impact factors which affect Vietnam's sustainable tourism development. These four impact factors are Capacity and effectiveness of state management of tourism; Awareness of responsibilities of tourists, tourism businesses, and local cotnmunities; Socio-econoomic development level, tourism development policies and the stabihty of the legal, political- social, security-defense environment: and Tourism linkages and cooperations between domestic and international destinations, among the toursim industry and related indusnies.
Keywords: Evaluation criteria, impact factors, sustainable tourism, tourism development.
