TAP CHJ CONG THIfdNG
THlJC TRANG, TIEM NANG VA DINH HlJOfNG PHAT TRIEN NGANH
DU LICH THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
• TRAN HOANG NAM - PHUNG TUAN THANH - NGUYEN QUANG HUY - TRAN MINH CANG
TOM TAT:
Bai viel tap trung phan tich thffc trang, tiem nang, va dinh hffdng phat trien nganh Du lich thanh phd Ho Chi Minh (TP. Ho Chi Minh) trong giai doan 2010-2020. Thffc trang phdt trien nganh Du Hch thanh phd' dffdc tdm tat bang each so sanh chudi dff Heu theo thdi gian ve tdng sd' Iffdt khach du lich ndi dia va qud'c te, long sd' C0 sd va budng Iifu irii, long doanh thu tff khach du lich giffa TP. Ho Chi Minh v^ ca nffdc. Tiem nang phal trien nganh Du lich Thanh phd dffpc phan tich mdt each tdng the bao gdm vi tri dia ly, lai nguyen du lich iff nhien va nhan van. cd sd ha tang, cd sd vat cha't ky thuat va ngudn nhan Iffc du Hch. Cud'i cung, dinh hffdng phat tnen nganh Du lich Thanh phd'dffPc khai quat mdt each he thd'ng tff Chie'n Iffpc va Quy hoach tdng the phat trie'n du Hch qud'c gia, qua Quy hoach long the phat trien du Hch viing, de'n Chie'n IffPc phat trie'n du lich Thanh phd'.
TiJf khda: Du lich, thffc trang, tidm nang, chid'n Iffdc, quy hoach, Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh, giai doan 2010-2020.
1. Thffc tr^ng phat trid'n nganh Du lich thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
1.1. Tdng sdlffat khdch du lich noi dia Tong so' Iffdt khach du lich ndi dia cua Viet Nam lang hen tuc trong giai doan 2010-2017;
tang tff 28,000,000 Iffdt vao nam 2010 len 73,200,000 Iffdt vao nam 2017; linh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, long sd Iffdt khach du lich ndi dia ciia Viet Nam da tang hdn 2.6 lan. Ngffde lai, long IffPi du lich ndi dia de'n thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh tang giam khdng Hen tuc trong giai doan 2010-2017: dau lien, tang gap 2 lan Iff 3,592,000
Iffdt vao nam 2010 len 7,237,000 Iffdt vao nam 2011, tie'p theo, giam Hen tuc trong 2 nam xudng 5,748,000 Iffpt vao nam 2013; cud'i ciing, tang Hen tuc trong 4 nam len 12,577,000 Iffdt vao nam 2017, Tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, tdng so Iffpt khach du lich ndi dia de'n thanh phd Ho Chi Minh da tang 3.5 lan. Td'c do lang trffdng khach du Hch npi dia ciia Viet Nam tang khdng deu trong giai doan 2010-2017; trong do, tang trffdng manh nhat vao nam 2015 vdi td'c dp 48.05%, tang trffdng ye'u nha't vao nam 2011 vdi td'c dp 7.14%;
nhin chung, td'c dd tang trffdng khach du lichn6i
240 So 19-Thdng 10/2019
KINH DOANH
dja Ciia Viet Nam tuy cd sff thay ddi qua cac nam nhffng ludn tang trffdng dffdng. Ngffde lai, td'c dp tang trffdng khach du lich npi dia den thanh pho' Ho Chi Minh khdng nhffng tang giam khdng lien tuc, ma cdn cd nam bi am; trong do, tang trffdng manh nha't vao nam 2011 vdi td'c dd 101.48%, nhffng tang trffdng am vao nam 2013 vdi td'c dp -
13.17% (Bieu dd 1).
1.2. Tong sdlffat khdch du lich quo'c te Tong so' Iffdt khach du Hch qud'c le' dd'n Viet Nam tang Hen tuc trong giai doan 2010-2017;
tang tff 5,049,855 Iffdt vao nam 2010 len
12,922,151 Iffdtvaonam20l7; tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, long so' Iffdt khach du lich qud'c le'de'n Viet Nam da tang gan 2,6 lan, tffdng dffPng vdi mffc tang ciia id'ng Iffdt khach du lich ndi dia ciia Viet Nam, Ngffde lai, tdng Iffdt du lich qud'c te' de'n thanh phd' Ho Chi Mmh tang giam khdng lien tuc trong giai doan 2010-2017; dau tien, tang tff 2,406,000 Iffdt vao nam 2010 len 2,621,000 Iffdt vao nam 2011; tie'p theo, giam xud'ng 2,271,000 Iffdl vao nam 2012; sau do, tang len 2,683,000 Iffdt vao nam 2013; ke tie'p, giam xud'ng 2,652,000 IffPt vao nam 2014; cud'i ciing.
Bieu do 1: Tong so lUdf va toe dp tang trUdng khacti du ticti noi dia den TP. Ho Chi Minh va Viet Nam giai dogn 2010-2017
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
• TP HCM ^ » M Viet Nam —•—Tang tru'dng ciJa TP.HCM Tang tru'dng cua Viet Nam
Nam
TP.HCM Tang trudng cua TP HCM Viet Nam Tang trucing cua Viet Nam
2010
3,592,000
28,000,000 2011
7,237,000
101,48%
30,000,000
7.14%
2012
6,620,000
-8.53%
32,500,000
8.33%
2013
5,748,000
-13 17%
36,000,000
7 69%
2014
7,227,000
25.73%
38,500,000
10.00%
2015
10,435,000
44.39%
57,000,000
48.05%
2016
11,142,000
6.78%
62,000,000
8 77%
2017
12,577,000
12.88%
73,200,000
18.06%
Nguon: Tdc gid tdng hap id sd'lieu cua Tdng cue Thdng ke vd Cue Thdng ke TP. Ho Chi Mmh. 2019
TAP GHi GONG THlTtfNe
tang Hen tuc trong 3 n a m len 3,451,000 Iffdt vao nam 2017; linh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, long so Iffdt khach du lich qud'c le' de'n thanh p h d Hd Chi Minh chi tang hPn 1.4 lan, tha'p hPn nhieu mffc tang 3.5 Ian ciia tdng IffPt khach du lich ndi dia de'n thanh p h d Ho Chi Minh. Td'c dp tang irffdng khach du lich qud'c te de'n Viet Nam tang khdng deu trong giai doan 2010-2017; trong do, tang irffdng manh nha't vao nam 2017 vdi td'c dd 29 06%, lang trffdng ye'u nha't vao n a m 2015 vdi td'c dp 0.88%; dieu nay rat dang Iffu y vi day lai la n a m Viet Nam co td'c dp tang trffdng khach du
lich ndi dia manh nha't vdi td'c dp 48.05%; ndi each khac, chinh khach du Hch ndi dia da gdp phan giam bdt khd khan cho nganh Du lich Viet Nam trong n a m 2015; nhin chung, td'c dp tang Irffdng khach du Hch qud'c le' de'n Vidt Nam tuy cd sff thay ddi qua e a c n a m nhffng ludn dffdng.
Ngffde lai, td'c dd tang trffdng khach du Hch qud'c le' de'n thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh khong nhffng tang giam khdng Hen tuc ma edn ed nam bi am; trong dd, tang trffdng manh nha't vao nam 2013 vdi td'c dd 18.14%, nhffng lang trffdng a m vao nam 2012 vdi td'c dp -13.35% (Bieu do 2).
Bieu dd 2: long so lUdf va foe do tdng trtfdng khach du Ijch quoc te den TP. Hd Chi tVfinh va Viet Nam giai dogn 2010-2017
14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0
•^^
6,dw,032 5,049,855 ^ t ^
2,406,B)
B •
20102,621,H) 2
• • 2011
12,922,151 35.00%
30.00%
7/^2^.52 ^.874,312 7,943,651 6,847,678 / ^ \ H JB.''
2012 2013 2014 2015 3016 2017
• TP HCM i^MViet Nam > Tang trudng cua TP.HCM Tang tru'dng cue Viet Nam
Nam TPHCU Tang trudng cuaTPHCM Viet Nam Tang tru6ng cua Viet Nam
2010 2,406,000
5,049,855 2011 2.621,000
8 94%
6.014,032
19.09%
2012 2,271,000
-13 35%
6,847,678
13 86%
2013 2,683,000
18.14%
7,572,352
10.58%
2014 2,652.000
-1.16%
7,874,312
3 99%
2015 2,876.000
8.45%
7,943,651
0 88%
2016 3,082,000
7.16%
10,012,735
26.05%
2017 3,451,000
11.97%
12,922,151
29 06%
Nguon: Tdc gid long hap lif sd'lieu ciia Tdng cue Thdng ke vd Cue Thdng ke TP Ho Chi Minh. 2019
242 So 19-Thdng 10/2019
KiniH DDANH
1.3. Sd'lffdng cdsd Iffu tni
Sd' Iffdng cd sd Iffu tru tai Viet Nam lang lien luc irong giai doan 2010-2017; lang tff 12,352 cP sd Iffu tru vao nam 2010 len 25,600 cd sd Iffu tru vao nam 2017; tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, sd Iffdng cd sd liTu trii tai Viet Nam da tang bdn 2 lan. Ngtfdc lai, so Iffdng cd sd Iffu trii lai thanh phd'Ho Chi Minh tang giam khdng lien tuc trong giai doan 2010-2017; dau tien, tang tff 2,682 cd sd Iffu tru vao nam 2010 len 2,967 cd sd Iffu tru vao nam 2012; lie'p theo, giam lien tue trong 2 nam xud'ng 2,694 cd sd Iffu tru vao nam 2014; cud'i ciing, tang lidn tuc trong 3 nam len 4,489 cd sd Iffu tru vao nam 2017; tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, sd Iffdng cd sd Iffu trii tai thanh phd Ho Chi Mmh da tang gan 1.7 lan. Td'c do tang Irffdng cd sd Iffu tru tai Viet Nam tang khdng deu Irong giai doan 2010-2017; trong dd, tang trffdng manh nha't vao nam 2017 vdi td'c dp 21.90%, tang trffdng ye'u nhS'l vao nam 2013 vdi td'c dp 1.75%;
nhin chung, td'c dp tang trffdng eP sd Iffu tru tai Viet Nam tuy cd sff thay ddi qua cac nam nhffng ludn dffdng. Ngffde lai, td'c dp tang trffdng eP sd Iffu trii tai thanh phd'Ho Chi Minh khdng nhffng (ang giam khdng Hen tuc ma cdn cd nam bi am;
trong dd, tang Irffdng manh nha't vao nam 2015 vdi td'c dp 33.33%, nhffng tang trffdng am vao nam 2013 vdi td'c dd -4.72%. [ I , 4 |
1.4. So Iffdng budng
So' IffPng budng tai Viet Nam lang Hen luc trong giai doan 2010-2017; tang tff 237,111 budng vao nam 2010 len 508,000 budng vao nam 2017;
tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, so Iffdng cd sd Iffu trii lai Viet Nam da tang hPn 2.1 lan. Ngffde lai, so' Iffdng budng tai thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh lang giam khdng Hen tue trong giai doan 2010- 2017; dau tien, tang tff 43,014 budng vao nam 2010 len 54,107 budng vao nam 201 1; tid'p theo, giam xud'ng 52,922 budng vao nam 2012;,sau dd, tang len 55,61 1 budng vao nam 2013; ke'tie'p, giam xud'ng 53,364 budng vao nam 2014; ke'den, tang lien tuc Irong 2 nam len 85,194 budng vao nam 2016; cud'i ciing, giam xudng 83,032 budng vao nam 2017; tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, sd'lffdng budng tai thanh phd Ho Chi Minh da lang
hdn 1.9 lan. Td'c dp tang trffdng budng tai Viet Nam lang khdng deu trong giai doan 2010-2017;
trong dd, tang trffdng manh nha't vao nam 2017 vdi td'c dp 20.95%, tang trffdng ye'u nha't vao nam 2013 vdi td'c dp 1.75%; nhin chung, td'c dp lang trffdng budng tai Vidt Nam tuy cd sff thay ddi qua eac nam nhffng ludn dffdng, Ngffde lai, td'c dd tang trffdng budng tai thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh khdng nhffng lang giam khdng Hen tuc ma cdn cd nam bi am; trong do, tang trffdng manh nha't vao nam 2015 vdi lo'c dd 32.98%, nhffng tang Irffdng am vao nam 2014 vdi td'c dp -4,04%. [1, 4]
1.5. Tong doanh thu tff khdch du lich Tong doanh thu tff khach du lich de'n Viet Nam tang lien tuc trong giai doan 2010-2017; tang tff 96,000 nghin ti ddng vao nam 2010 len 510,900 nghin ti ddng vao nam 2017; tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, tdng doanh thu Iff khach du lich de'n Viet Nam da tang hPn 5,3 lan. Tffdng Iff, tdng doanh thu Iff khach du Hch de'n thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh cung tang Hen tuc trong giai doan 2010- 2017; tang tff 9,514 nghin ti ddng vao nam 2010 len 20,162 nghin ti ddng vao nam 2017; tinh trong ca giai doan 2010-2017, tdng doanh thu tff khach du Hch de'n thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh da tang hdn 2.1 lan. Td'c dp tang trffdng doanh thu tff khach du Hch de'n Viet Nam tang khdng deu trong giai doan 2010-2017; trong dd, tang trffdng manh nha't vao nam 2015 vdi td'c dd 46 88%, lang trffdng yd'u nha't vao nam 2014 vdi td'c dp 15%; nhin chung, td'c dp tang trffdng doanh thff tff khach du Hch de'n Viet Nam kha a'n tffdng vi ludn dat mffc tang trffdng hai con so'. Ngffde lai, td'c dd lang trffdng cP sd Iffu tru tai thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh khdng nhffng tang giam khdng lien tuc ma cdn cd nam bi am; trong dd, lang trffdng manh nha't vao nam 2017 vdi tdc dp 22.68%, tham chi tang trffdng am vao nam 2015 vdi td'c do-13.43%. [1,4]
2. Ti^m nang phat trien nganh Du lich thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh
2.1. Vitridialy
Thanh phd'Hd Chi Minh la dau mdi giao thdng ciia ca nffdc bao gdm dffdng bd, dffdng sal, dffdng thiiy va dffdng hang khdng, Tff thanh phd di cac tinh mien Trung, mien Bac qua qud'c Id lA,
TAP CHi GONG THtTfllNG
dffdng sa't Thd'ng Nha't, san bay Tan Sdn Nha't, Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh cd vi tri thuan ldi irong viec giao IiTu vdi cac dia phffdng trong vung, ca nffdc va qud'c te' vdi khoang each 1,600 km (90 phulbay), tff thanh phd'ra't de dang nd'i tuye'n vdi thii do ciia cac qud'c gia ASEAN.
2.2. Tdi nguyen du lich
Vdi ngudn tai nguyen du Hch iff nhien va tai nguyen du lich nhan van phong phii va da dang, thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh cd the khai thac dffpc nhieu loai hinh du lich nhff du lich MICE, du lich van hda le hdi, du lich tim hieu Hch sff truyen thd'ng, du Hch sinh thai,.,,
2.2 1. Tdi nguyen du hch tu nhien - Dia hinh: Thanh phd'Hd Chi Minh nam each thii do Ha Ndi 1,783 km ve phia Nam, cd chung dia gidi hanh chinh vdi cac tinh Long An, Tay Ninh, Binh Dffdng, Dong Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Ta u va bien Ddng. Dia hinh thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh phan Idn bang phang, cd it ddi nui d phia Bac va Ddng Bac, vdi dd cao giam dan theo hffdng Ddng Nam.
- Khi hqii: Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh nam d viing cd khi hau nhiet ddi gid mua can xich dao.
Khi hSu hai mua rd ret, mua mffa tff thang 5 dd'n thang 11, Iffdng mffa irung binh 1,979 mm/nam, miia khd tff thang 12 de'n thang 4 nam sau. Nhidt do trung binh nam 27,550C. Hoat dong du lich thuan ldi sud't 12 thang.
- Thiiy vdn: Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh cd hang tram sdng ngdi, kenh rach nhffng sdng ldn khdng nhieu. Sdng Sai Gdn la song ldn nhat, cd 106 km chay qua dia ban thanh phd', la nPi cd the' lie'p nhan cac tau bien cd trpng tai trdn 74,000 tan va eac tau du lich ldn. He thd'ng sdng tff thanh phd' len mien Ddng va xud'ng cac tinh mien Tay, sang Cambodia deu thuan ldi. Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh cd difdng bd bien vdi chieu dai 15 km cd kha nang to chffc loai hinh du lich sinh thai va du lich the thao bien.
- Dong, thuc vat: Chiing loai va sd' Iffdng ddng, Ihffc vat tai thanh phd'rat ban che'. Viing cffa sdng Can Gid cd tren 137 loai ca thudc 39 ho va 13 bd, ciing hang tram loai thiiy sinh khdng xffdng sd'ng, dac biet la cac loai tdm va cac loai nhuyen
the' hai manh vd. Vam Sal la khu du lich sinh thai vdi san chim tff nhien rdng 100 hecta va nhi^u loai chim nffdc quy hiem. Ngoai ra, thanh pho' cdn cd khu Dam Ddi, ndi tap trung hdn 100 con ddi qua va khu bao ton ddng vSt hoang da.
2.2.2. Tdi nguyen du lich nhdn vdn - Di tich lich sff - vdn hoa: Dja dao Cii Chi - Den Be'n Dffdc, Hdi trffdng Thong Nha't, Tda nha Uy ban Nhan dan Thanh phd', Bffu dien thanh phd', Khu Iffu niem Chii tich Ho Chi Minh.
- Di tich khdo co: Ld gdm Hffng Ldi, Di tich md Chum Gidng ca vd, Gidng Phet d Can Gid.
- He thd'ng bdo tdng: Vdi he thd'ng 13 bao tang cdng lap, thanh phd' Ho Chi Mmh la ndi cd sd'bao lang nhieu nha't so vdi ca nffdc. Ngoai cac bao lang nay, thanh phd' cdn cd nhieu bao tang khac do tff nhan lap ra, thu but sff quan tSm ciia ca khach du lich qud'c te' va ndi dia.
- Cdc ngoi chUa co: Chua Giac Lam, Chua Giac Vien, Chua VTnh Nghiem, Chila Nam Thien Nhat Tru, Chua Xa Ldi, Chiia Ba Thien Hau, Chua Ngoc Hoang, ChiJa Linh Sdn,,..
- Cdc nhd thd cd: Nha thd Dffc Ba, Nha thd Huyen Sy, Nha thd Chd Quan, Nha thd Cha Tam,,,.
- Cac khu du lich, vui chPi giai tri: Dam Sen, Sudi Tien, Binh Qudi, Van Thanh,...
- Le hoi tin ngudng: Le hdi Nghinh 6ng Can Gid, Le hdi Ky Yen dinh Phu Nhuan, Ld Ky yen dinh Binh Ddng, Ld hpi mie'u 6 n g Dia, Le Vu Lan,...
- LS lidi ddn tdc it ngudi: Ld hpi truyen thd'ng eiia ngffdi Hoa, Ld hdi truyen thd'ng ciia ngifdi Cham, Ld hdi truyen thd'ng ciia ngffdi Khmer,
Le hoi lien quan den nglie nghiep: Ld gid To nghe Kim hoan, Ld gio To cai IffPng, hat bdi, Ll gid To thP may,...
2.3. Cdsd hq tdng 2.3.1. Giao thdng van tdi
- Difdng bo: Khdng chi la trung tam kinh te- thffpngmai cua ca nffdc, thanh phd Ho Chi Minh cdn la dau md'i giao thdng quan trpng ciia d nffdc, ndi ddng bang sdng Cu'u Long vdi cac tinh mien Trung, mien Bae bang qud'c Id lA, dffdng
244 So 19-Thdng 10/2019
KINH DOANH
cao td'c thanh phd Hd Chi Minh - Long Thanh - Dau Giay, dffdng cao td'c thanh phd Ho Chi Minh - Trung LffPng; qud'c Id 52 di tinh Dong Nai; qud'c Id 51 di tinh Ba Ria-Viing Tau; qudc Id 13 nd'i di tinh Binh Dffdng; qud'c Id 22 di tinh T3y Ninh va Cambodia; qud'c Id 14 di cac tinh Tay Nguyen.
- Dudng sdt: Tuye'n dffdng sat Bac Nam ngay cang dffPc hoan thien phuc vu cho viec phat trien kinh te - xa hdi. Vi la dau md'i giao thdng ciia ca nffdc cho nen Iffu Iffdng hang hda va hanh khach ngay cang ldn, Hien nay, nganh Dffdng sal da cd day du eac tram, ga d eac thih trong Id trinh tff thanh phd' Hd Chi Minh de'n bien gidi Trung Qud'c.
- Dudng thiiy: Du khach cd the tham quan thanh phd' bang thuyen di dpc Iheo sdng Sai Gdn.
Tai be'n Bach Dhngcd tuye'n dffdng sdng iff thanh phd'Hd Chi Minh di Vung Tau, Can Gid bang tau cao td'c. Ngoai ra, tuye'n xe bus dffdng sdng ciing da dffdc trien khai dpc theo sdng Sai Gdn de phuc vu nhu eau di lai ciia ngffdi dan va khach du Hch.
- Dudng hdng khong: Khach du lich qud'c te' de'n vdi thanh phd'Hd Chi Minh chii ye'u la bang dffdng hang khdng. San bay qud'c te' Tan Sdn Nha't la ndi cd tan sua't bay cao nha't ca nffdc.
Hien tai, dff an xay dffng San bay qud'c le' Long Thanh dang dffdc ga'p rut trien khai, dii khdng loa lac tai thanh phd' nhffng viec xay dffng va dffa vao hoat ddng san bay nay dffPc ky vpng se lam gia tang Iffdt khach du Hch qud'c te' de'n thanh phd'
2.3.2. Thong tin lien lac
Bffu chinh vien thdng ngay cang dffdc hoan thien de dap ffng nhu cau cua du khach. Thanh phd'Hd Chi Minh dang tap trung xay dffng va phal tnen cdng nghe thdng tin thanh mpl nganh kinh te' chii Iffc, dat td'c do lang trffdng binh quan 35%/nam - 40%/nam. Hien nay, thanh phdcd cac mang dien thoai nhff Vinaphone, Mobiphone, Viellel,... Ben canh do, cac dich vu bffu chinh khdng ngffng dffdc md rdng nhff dien hoa, chuye'n lien nhanh, chuyen phat nhanh bffu kien, bffu pham trong nffdc va qudc te'.
2.3 3. Cung cap nang luang
Ngudn dien ciia thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh dffde cung cap Iff Nha may Dien Thii Dffc, Chd Quan,
dffdng day sieu eao ap 500 kV Bac - Nam,... Vdi Iffdi dien thanh phd' nhff hien nay, nhieu cdng trinh chd'ng qua tai tai cae tram bie'n ap trung gian Hda Xa, Xa Id, Sai Gdn, Thii Dffc Bac va Hoc Mdn.
2.3.4. Cung cap nudc sach
Thanh phd cd he thd'ng sdng Sai Gdn, Dong Nai, Vam Cd Ddng va cac he thd'ng kenh rach nhff Thi Nghe, Tan Hda, Ld Gd'm, Chd Dem, Kenh Ddi, Kenh Rudt Ngffa,.., vdi tdng chieu dai gan 800 km. Ngudn nffdc ciia thanh phd'do 2 Nha may nffdc la Thu Dffc va Cii Chi cung ca'p tff nffdc ctia sdng Sai Gdn va sdng Dong Nai.
2.4. Cd sd vdt chd't ky thuqt
Ve so' Iffdng, tinh de'n ngay 30/6/2017, tren dia ban Thanh phd'Hd Chi Minh cd 2,128 cP sd Iffu tru du lich vdi 50,261 budng. Trong dd, cd 1,941 cd sd Iffu tru vdi 48,729 budng dffdc phan loai, xe'p hang tff 1-5 sao va 185 nha nghi du lich vdi 1,166 budng.
Cd the danh gia sd net dac Irffng eiia tffng nhdm cd sd Iffu tru du Hch nhff sau:
- Khdi khach san 3-5 sao, khach san 1-2 sao quy md phdng tren 25 phdng va cac loai c0 sd Iffu tru du lich hang cao ca'p khac tap trung d khu vffe cac quan trung tam nhff quan 1, quan 3, quan 5, quan 10, quan Tan Binh, quan Phu Nhuan.
- Khd'i khach san 1-2 sao va cac loai cd sd Iffu tru du lich dat chuan khac cd quy md nhd nam d cae qu3n, huyen ngoai thanh nhff quan 2, quan 8, quan 9, quan 12, quan Binh Tan, quan Tan Phii, quan Thii Dffc, huyen Hde Mdn, huyen Binh Chanh, huyen Cu Chi, huyen Can Gid.
Ve cha't Iffdng, so vdi tieu chuan TCVN (Bd Tieu chuS'n xe'p hang cd sd Iffu trii du Hch Viet Nam) dd'i vdi tffng cap hang, nhin chung he thd'ng cd sd Itfu tru du lich tai Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh dap tfng d mffc kha, cd sd vat cha't dffdc dau tff tffdng xifng, dffpc cac hang Iff hanh va khach du lich trong va ngoai nffdc danh gia kha cao, Ihudc loai hang dau so vdi cac tinh, Ihanh trong ca nffdc, cd kha nang canh tranh vdi cac thanh phd' khac Irong khu vffe Trong nhffng nam qua, hau he't cac khach san cao cS'p, dac biet la cae khach san 4-5 sao deu quan tam dau tff cac dich vu phuc vu du
TAPCHICQNeTHirifNfi
Hch MICE, gdp phan hinh thanh va phat trien phan khuc ihi irffdng du lich cao ca'p nay cho thanh phd Ho Chi Minh cung nhff cho ca nffdc. [2]
2.5. Ngudn nhdn life du lich
Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh la trung lam dao lao ngudn nhan Iffc du lich ldn nha't ca nffdc, ngudn nhan Iffc du Hch ciia Thanh phd' hien chie'm 17%
ngudn nhan Iffc du lich cua ca nffdc. Trong dd, Iffc IffPng lao ddng cd lay nghe, dffPe dao tao Iff bac hpc trung ca'p trd ldn chie'm ti le hPn 50% trong long so'lao ddng du lich trffc tie'p. [3]
2.5.1. Ddi ngd cdn bd, cong chffc. vien chffc thudc cdquan qudn ly nhd nudc (SdDu lich)
Nhin chung, Iffc Iffdng can bd, cdng chffc da phan td't nghiep d nhffng chuyen nganh khoa hpc xa hdi hoac khoa hoc Iff nhien, bach khoa va mot sd' cdng chffc dffdc chuyen tff cac Sd, Nganh hoac tff quan, huyen, tuy cd kinh nghiem nhffng lai chffa dffde dao tao, bdi difdng nhieu ve chuyen mdn, nghiep vu; ngffde lai, mdt so'it dffdc dao tao diing theo ehuyen mdn nganh Du lich nhffng cdn thie'u kinh nghiem, Ngoai ra, ddi ngu quanly nha nffdc ve du lich cung edn thie'u nhffng chuyen vien td't nghiep ve chuyen nganh quy hoach du lich, phan tich thi irffdng, phal trien san pham,...
2.5.2. Luc luang lao dong Idm viec trong cdng ty lien doanh, doanh nghiep nhd nUdc va cdng ty trdch nhiem hffu han
Liic IffPng nay dffdc dao tao, hua'n luyen chinh quy va tffPng dd'i bai ban. Tuy nhien, phan ldn Iffc Iffdng lao ddng trong nganh, dac biet dd'i vdi cac doanh nghiep tff nhan, doanh nghiep vffa va nhd v5n chffa dffdc dao tao chinh quy, ca ve nghiep vu chuyen mdn lan nghiep vu quan ly, dieu hanh.
Nhin chung, ngudn nhan Iffc du Hch tren dia ban thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh chffa dat ve so Iffdng va chat Iffdng. Ve sd' Iffdng, cac cd sd dao tao du Hch chi mdi dap ffng 60% - 70% nhu cau, ve cha't IffPng, ngudn nhan life dffdc dao tao hien nay ye'u ve ngoai ngff va nhffng kie'n thffc ve xa hdi, van hda, Hch sff ndn anh hifdng de'n cha't Iffdng phuc vu khach du lich,
2.5.3. Cdc ca sd ddo tgo du lich
Chat iffdng va hieu qua dao tao ciia he thd'ng
cac trffdng dffdc danh gia thdng qua so' sinh vien td't nghiep dffdc sff dung vao lam trong cac doanh nghiep du lich. Trong nhffng nam qua, cac trffdng da cung ca'p mpl Iffdng lao dong cd tay nghe chuyen mdn cho nganh Du lich; tuy nhien, so vdi sd' Iffdng sinh vien ra trffdng ihi ty le dffdc tuyen dung vao lam trong cac doanh nghiep du Hch con khiem td'n. Mdt trong nhffng nguyen nhan la do khdng dap ffng dffdc yeu cau ve chuyen mdn YI ngoai ngff eua cac doanh nghiep. Day cQng la Ihiich thffc dd'i vdi cac trffdng trong vi6c nghi6n cffu cai tie'n va cap nhal cac kie'n thffc mdi trong chffdng trinh ndi dung giang day de phan nao dap ffng cac yeu cau tren.
3. Dinh hifdng phat trien du lich Viet Nam, Ddng Nam Bp va thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh
3.1. Chie'n Iffdc vd Quy hoach tong the phdt trien du lich Viet Nam
Quyg't dinh sd 2473/QD-TTg ngay 30/12/2011 ciia Thii tffdng Chinh phu ve Phe duyet Chie'n kfpe phat Irien du lich Viet Nam de'n nam 2020, tam nhin de'n nam 2030. Chie'n Iffdc nay chia lanh thd du lich Viet Nam thanh 7 vung, bao gdm: (1) Vung trung du, mien nui BSc Bd; (2) Viing ddng bang sdng Hong va Duyen hai Ddng Bac; (3) Viing Ba'c Trung Bd; (4) Vung Duyen hai Nam Trung Bd; (5) Viing Tay Nguyen; (6) Vung Dong Nam Bd; (7) Viing ddng bang sdng Cffu Long. [5]
Quye't dinh sd 20l/QD-TTg ngay 22/12013 ciia Thii tffdng Chinh phii ve Phe duyet Quy hoach long the' phat tnen du lich Viet Nam den nam 2020, tam nhin de'n nam 2030. Quy hoach nay dffde thffc hien nham cu the hda cac quan diem, muc lieu, giai phap va chffdng trinh hanh ddng da dffpc de cap trong Chie'n Iffdc phat trien du lich Viet Nam de'n nam 2020, tam nhin den nam 2030, Trong dd, lien quan de'n viec td chffc khdng gian du Ijch, Quy hoach nay da ke' thifa each phan viing ciia Chie'n IffPc trffdc dd va xay dffng dinh hffdng cu the' cho viec phal tnen 7 viing du Hch, bao gdm: (I) Viing Trung du, mien niii Bac Bd vdi cac san pham dac trffng nhff(i) Du Hch ve ngudn, tham quan tim hid'u bSn sac van hda dan tdc, he sinh thai nui cao, hang ddng, trung du, (ii) Du lich nghi dffdng niii, nghi cuoi
246 So 19-Thang 10/2019
KINH DOANH
tuan. (iii) Du lich the thao, kham pha, (iv) Du Ijch bien gidi gan vdi thffdng mai effa kha'u; (2) Viing ddng bang sdng Hong va duyen hai Ddng Bac vdi cac san pham dac trffng nhff (i) Du Hch van hda gan vdi van minh lua nffdc sdng Hong, (ii) Du lich bien dao, (Hi) Du lich MICE, (iv) Du Hch sinh thai ndng nghiep ndng thdn, (v) Du Hch le hdi, tam linh, (vi) Du Hch cud'i tuan, vui chdi giai tri cao ca'p; (3) Vung Bac Trung Bd vdi cac san pham dac trffng nhff (i) Du lich tham quan di san, di tich hch sff van hda, (ii) Du Hch bien, ddo, (Hi) Du Hch tham quan, nghien cffu he sinh thai, (iv) Du lich bien gidi ga'n vdi cac cffa khau; (4) Vung Duyen hai Nam Trung Bd vdi cae san ph^m dae trffng nhff (i) Du Hch bie'n, dao, (H) Du Hch tham quan di tich (he thd'ng di san) ke't hdp du lich nghien cffu ban sac van hda (van hda Cham, cac dan tdc thieu sdd Ddng Trffdng Sdn), (iii) Du Hch MICE;
(5) Vung Tay Nguyen vdi cac san pham dac trffng nhff (i) Du lich van hda Tay Nguyen, tham quan tim hie'u ban sa'c van hda cac dan tdc Tay Nguyen, (ii) Du Hch nghi dffdng niii, tham quan nghien cffu he sinh thai cao nguyen gan vdi cac san vat hoa, ca phe, voi, (Hi) Du lich bien gidi gSn vdi cffa kh^u va tam giac phat trien; (6) Viing Ddng Nam Bd vdi cac san pham dac trffng nhff (i) Du lich MICE, (ii) Du lich van hda. Id hdi, giai tri, (Hi) Du lich nghi dffdng bien, du Hch giai tri cud'i tu^n, du lich the' thao, du lich mua sam, (iv) Du Ijch bien gidi gSn vdi cffa khS'u; (7) Vung Ddng bang sdng Cffu Long vdi cac san ph^m dac trffng nhff (i) Du lich sinh thai (miet vffdn, da't ngap nffdc), (ii) Du lich bien, dao, (Hi) Du lich van hda, le hdi. |6|
3.2. Quy hoach tong the phdt trien du lich vUng Bong Nam Bo
Quye'tdinhsd2351/QD-TTg ngay 24/12/2014 ciia Thii tffdng Chinh phii ve Phe duyet Quy hoach td'ng the phat trien du lich vung Ddng Nam Bd de'n nam 2020, tam nhin de'n nam 2030. Quy hoach nay dffdc lap nhflin chi tie! hda va cu the hda cac ndi dung da dffPc phe duyet trffdc dd trong Chie'n Iffpc phat trien du Hch Viet Nam de'n nam 2020, tam nhin de'n nam 2030 (Quye't dinh sd 2473/QD-TTg nam 2011) va Quy hoach tdng the
phat trien du lich Viet Nam de'n nam 2020, tam nhin de'n nam 2030 (Quyel dinh sd 201/QD-TTg nam 2013),
Theo Quy hoach nay, viing du lich Ddng Nam Bd bao gdm thanh phd Ho Chi Minb, tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau, tinh Dong Nai, tinh Binh Dffdng, tinh Binh Phffdc va tinh TSy Ninh; cd dien tich Iff nhien 23,597.9 km-. Vung cd vi tri dia Iy nhff sau Phia Bac va Tay Bac giap vdi Vffdng qud'c Campuchia, Phia Ddng va Ddng Bac giap vdi tinh phia Nam viing Duyen hai Nam Trung Bd va bid'n Ddng; Phia Tay va Tay Nam giap vdi cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cffu Long,
Viec to' chffc khdng gian phat Irien du lich ciia vung dffdc dinh hffdng nhff sau: (1) Trung tam du lich vung la Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh vdi hffdng khai thac san pham du lich dac irffng gdm (i) Du lich MICE, (ii) Du Hch sinh thai bien, (iii) Du lich vui chdi giai tri, the thao, (iv) Du Hch nghi dffdng cud'i tuan, (v) Du Hch tau bie'n; (2) Khdng gian phat Irien du Ijch hiin dao la tinh Bit Ria - Viing Tau, trong dd chu trong d|a ban dd thi du lich Vung Tau, Xuyen Mdc va khu du lich qud'c gia Cdn Dao vdi hffdng khai thac san pham du lich dac trffng gdm (i) Du lich nghi dffdng va lam bien; (ii) Du Hch chffa benh, (iii) Du lich tham quan di tich lich sff, van hda, danh lam thang canh, (iv) Du lich MICE, (v) Du lich lau bien; (3) Khdng gian du Hch dd thj - sinh thai la tmh Dong Nai va dnh Binh Dffdng vdi hffdng khai thac san pha'm du Hch dac trffng gdm (i) Du Hch sinh thai (hd, miet vffdn), (ii) Du lich tham quan di lich lich sff - van hda, lang nghe, (iii) Du Hch Id hdi, tam linh; (4) Khdng gian phat trien du lich di tich lich sff van hda va du Ijch sinh thai la tinh Binh Phffdc va tinh Tay Ninh vdi hffdng khai thac san pha'm du lich dac trffng gdm (i) Du lich le hdi, tam linh; tham quan di tich Hch sff, danh lam thang canh, (H) Du Hch sinh thai va nghi dffdng tai niii, vffdn qud'c gia, hd, (iii) Du Hch tham quan lang nghe. [7]
3.3. Chien Iffdc phdt trien du lich thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh
Quye't dinh sd 3364/QD-UBND ngay 13/8/2018 ciia Uy ban Nhan dan Thiinh phd Ho
TAP CHi CONG THlftfNG
Chi Minh ve Phe duyet De cffdng, nhiem vu Chie'n IffPc phat tnen du lich Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh de'n nam 2030. Theo Quye't dinh nay, nhffng ndi dung quan trpng ciia Chie'n Iffpc can phai dffdc xac dinh rd rang va cu the, bao gdm: (1) Chie'n Iffde dinh hffdng va phat trie'n ihi trffdng;
(2) Chien lifdc phat trien san pham du Hch then chd't va quan tri chat Iffdng die'm de'n; (3) Chie'n Iffdc phat trie'n cP sd ha tang, cd sd vat cha't ky
thuat phuc vu du Hch va cac yeu lo ngudn li/c khac; (4) Chie'n Iffdc phat trie'n nguon nhan lu'c du lich; (5) Chien Iffdc tie'p thi, truyen thdng vS phat trien thffdng hieu die'm de'n du Hch; (6) Chie'n Iffdc dau iff va chinh sdch phat trien du Hch; (7) Chie'n IffPc ffng dung khoa hpc cong nghe, cdng nghe thdng lin vao phat trie'n du hch gdn vdi De an Phat trien Dd thi thdng minh ciia thanh phd Ho Chi Minh [8] •
TAI H E U THAM KHAO:
/ Cue Thdng ke TP. Ho Chi Mmh (2011-2018). Nien gidm thdng ke Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh ndm 2010-2017, TP.
Ho Chi Mmh
2. SdDulich TP. Ho Chi Minh (2017a). Bdo cdo Tinh hinh hogt ddng vd dubdo tiem ndng, dinh hUdng phdt trien cua he thdng ca sd litii tni du hch igi Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh den nam 2020, TP. Ho Chi Minh.
3. Sd Du lich TP. Ho Chi Minh (2017b). Bdo cdo Cdng tdc ddo lao, boi dUdng vd sd dung nguon nhdn luc du Hch tren dia bdn Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh, TP Ho Chi Minh.
4 Tdng Cue Thdng ke (2011-2018). Nien gidm thdng ke Viet Nam ndm 2010-2017, Hd Noi.
5. Thu tudng Chinh phu (2011). Quyet dmh sd 2473/QD-TTg ngdy 30 thdng 12 ndm 201! ve Phe duyet Chien luac phdt trien du lich Viet Nam den ndm 2020, tdm nhin den ndm 2030. Hd Ndi.
6 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2013). Quyet dinh sd 201/QD-TTg ngdy 22 ihdng 01 ndm 2013 ve Phe duyet Quy hogch tong the phdt trien du lich Viet Nam den nam 2020, lam nhin den ndm 2030, Hd Not.
7. Thu tudng Chinh phu 12014). Quyet dinh sd235l/QD-TTg ngdy 24 thdng 12 nam 2014 ve Phe duyet Quy hogch tdng the phdt tnin du lich vung Ddng Nam Bg den nam 2020, tdm nhin den ndm 2030, Hd Ndi.
8. Uy ban Nhdn ddn Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh (2018). Quyet dinh sd 3364/QD-UBND ngdy 13 thdng 08 ndm 2018 ve Phe duyet De cUang, nhiem vu Chien luac phdt Irien du lich Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh den nam 2030, TP. Ho Clii Mmh.
Ngay nhan bai: 20/9/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chffa: 30/9/2019 Ngay chap nhSn dang bai: 10/10/2019
Thdng tin tdc gid:
1. ThS. TRAN HOANG NAM Trffdng Dai hpc Viet Ditc 2. ThS. PHUNG TUAN THANH
Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te - Luat Thanh phd'Hd ChiMinU 3. CN. N G U Y I N Q U A N G HUY
Cue Cdng tac phia Nam - Bd Cdng Thffrfng 4. CN. TRAN MINH CANG
Chi cue Phdng cho'ng te nan xa hdi Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh
248 So 19-Thdng 10/2019
KINH DDANH
CURRENT SITUATION, POTENTUL AND ORIENTATION FOR HO CHI MINH CITY'S TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
• Master, TRAN HOANG NAM Vietnamese-German University
• Master, PHUNG TUAN THANH University of Economics and Law - Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City
• NGUYEN QUANG HUY
Agency for Southern Affairs of Ministry of Industry and Trade
• TRAN MINH CANG
Department of Social Evils Prevention - Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
This article focuses on analyzing the cun-ent situation, potential, and development orientation of Ho Chi Minh City's tourism industry in the period of 2010-2020. The current situation of the city's tourism development is summarized by comparing a series of time series data on the total number of domestic and intemational tourist arrivals, the total number of accommodation facHities, and the total revenue from visitors of the city with that of the whole country. The potential for the development of the city's tourism industry is entirely analyzed in terms of geographical location, natural and humanistic tourism resources, infrastructure, technical facilities and human resources for tourism. Finally, the development orientation of the city's tourism industry is systematicaHy generaHzed from the National Tourism Development Strategy and Master Plan, the Regional Tourism Development Master Plan, lo the Toursim Development Strategy of Ho Chi Minh City,
Keywords: Tourism, cun-ent situation, potential, strategy, planning. Ho Chi Minh City, period 2010-2020.
