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Thong tin khoa hgc c6ng nghfe mo
DE X a ^ MOT SO BIEN PHfiP KINH i t CO CHE TKB UKMQ GAN TRACH NHIEM CUA NGU&I LAO DONG Vdl AN TOAN LAO DONG
TRONG VINACOMIN
At the countries with the developed mining Industry, the labor safety in the production has been always paid much attention to and some measures for ensuring the labor safety have been applied with high efficiency Basing on the analysis of these above mentioned measures, the paper has proposed some economic measures and payment mechanism for binding labors' responsibility to labor safety within enterprises of Vinacomin.
KS.vOTUANSCr KS.TfiNTHUHt/aNG KS. VO HOANG ANH Viin Khoa hoc Cdng nghi Md-Vlnacomln
Trong diiu hanh sdn xuit. Tap dodn CMngnghidpThan- Khodng san Viit Nam (Vinacomin) luon dgt vin de an todn trong san xuit ldn hdng diu cOng vdi quan diim an toan Id trdch nhigm cOa mpi ngydi, con ngu'di Id y i u t i quan trpng nhit trong sy thanh eong ciia chyong trinh an todn vd sO« khoe.
Mgc do ban hanh nhiiu van bdn, d i ra nhilu bien phdp dam bdo an todn, t i chirc kilm dilm rut kinh nghiim nhieu i i n , mgc do chi phi eho cing tdc an toan hdng ndm cao md h i i u qua mang Igi chya dgt d y p c k i t qua nhy mong muin Id do cdc c h l tai XU' ly vi phgm an toan hiin nay c i n ngng v i gido due, tuydn truyln, nhyng h i i u qua cdn hgn ehi. Vide thye hign, chip hdnh nghiem chfnh ede n i l dung quy trinh, quy phgm ehu yeu tring ehd vdo y thirc eua ngydi lao dpng Id ehinh.
Cdc c h i tdi xu' ly ve kinh te chya dype dp dgng, trong khi ^ thO'c chip hdnh eua ngydi lao ding chya cao. Hiiu qua cing tdc kilm tra c i n t h i p do can b i chl huy thiiu cypng quyet, gidm sdt an todn lao d i n g (ATLD) c i n n l nang, nggi va chgm, XU' IJ vi pham chya nghidm.
Hiin nay, Vinacomin va cdc don vj thdnh v i i n da t h i y r i nhyng t i n tgi trong edng tdc ATLD, cde nguyen nhdn tryc t i i p cOa ChOng eOng nhy dd d i ra vd thye h i i n r i t nhiiu giai phdp, song v i n chya thye s y cai thiin dypc tinh hinh tai ngn lao ding. D l tdng eydng cing tac an toan, gidm tai ngn lao d i n g , c i n phai e i cae bign phdp quyet Hit, g i n tn/c t i l p vao quyin Ipi kinh t i cua ngydi lao d i n g , do vdy, c i n nghlin cyu xdy dyng cde ep e h i tra lyong vd biin phap kinh t i d i g i n trdch nhlim cua ngydi lao d i n g vdi an todn lao d i n g nhim Idm gidm nguy cp gdy m i t an toan tO' ngydi lao d i n g .
I. Thtrc trgng car c h i trd luvng vd cong tdc an todn lao dpng
Tgi Nhgt Bdn, Chinh phu da ban hdnh Lugt An todn md.
Nhd Ludt An todn mo ra ddi cung vdi edc b i i n phdp d i n g b i khdc kem theo cdc e h i tdi nghiim nggt hon doi vdi cdc doanh nghiip d l xay ra tai ngn, ban than cdc doanh nghiip eOng thay d i i nhdn thirc, eoi an todn Id s i 1, sdn x u i t Id s i 2, t r i n CO s d d i , hp dgt ra muc
tieu "tai ngn b i n g khing", thay d i i todn b i cdc quy djnh, quy c h l cho phu hpp, d i u t y trang thiit bj dam bao an todn vd gidm sdt an todn, bdo h i lao d i n g d i y du, thay d i i cdeh thu'c d i i u hdnh va t i chire sdn x u i t tO' gidm d i e d i n ngydi cong nhdn theo nguyin t i c phai dam bao an todn cho san x u i t , chf san x u i t khi da dam bao an todn.
Tgi m i t so tap dodn, cing ty than Trung Quic, chf tieu an toan d y p c g i n vdo t i i n lyong theo 2 phypng thirc. Phuvng thiK (1): chi tidu an todn dype dya vdo de ddnh gid dilm vd phdn logi A, B, C, D, E vd i n djnh theo s i d i l m Id 50 diem.
s i diem ndy se bj trir theo kit qua thye hign c i n g tdc an todn neu x i u hon so vdi ede tieu ehi ddt ra. Phuong thiic (2): dgt cpc rui ro an todn, theo d i , t i t ca mpi ngydi d i u phdi n i p ddt coc ndy bang t i l n cOa minh.
Mire ddt cpc tOy thuic vao chire vu, vi tri, c i n g v i i c vd mire d i rui ro. Mu'c d i nguy hiem edng eao thi lypng edng eao vd do vgy mO'c dgt cpc eOng cao typng irng.
Tgi C i n g ty C i p h i n mo
KHCNM Sfi 3/2013 • KINH X t MO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Thg id thuc hi$n cam kit an toan trudc gia lam vide HBP Xlovakia: Thu-ang mgc
tieu an toan 6[r(yc ap (jgng cho vi^c thu'c hien t6t nhi$m vy an loan, thu-cmg du'p'c dang ky tru'd'c. De thye hi$n nhiem vu d6, ngu'O'i lao (Jgng buOc phai d6c siJc tren mu'c Iu'O'ng Cfng vo'i trach nhi^m cong vi$c thong thu'png cua minh. De tra tien thu-ang an toan, miJc trich l$p quy thu'png t6i da 1,5% quy Iu'O'ng. Ngoai ra, con duy tri mpt qu$ Iu'cng dung d l tra cho cac nhSn vien dpi cap CCPU mo va phu cap tryc s i n sang tai nha va tai nhO'ng dia dilm da djnh.
Tgi Tap doan Cong nghi$p Than - Khoang san Vi^t Nam, vJQc tra Iu'cng mei chi du'ng a viec g^n vci nang suat, kh6i lypng va trach nhiem san xu^t cua ngu'Ci lao dpng. Chi c6 mpt vai den vi ty xay dyng cc che tra Iyeng co g^n vci tr^ch nhi'$m cua ngu'Ci lao dpng vi du'p'c cu t h i hoa trong Thoa u'cc lao dOng tgp the nhy Cong ty C6 phan than Vang Danh, Cong ty than Khe Cham, tuy nhien, van c6n nhilu vu-cng mac trong cong tac thye hi$n
giii'a doanh nghiep, ngu-ci lao dpng cung nhu* ec c h l chinh sach. Vi vay, viee nghien eu'u x^y dyng giai phap tra lu-cng nhim gan trach nhlem eua ngu'Ci lao dpng vci an toan lao dpng la r^t ckn thilt trong Vina- comin.
II. D l xuat mpt sd bien phap kinh t l , co* c h l tra Iu'O'ng g^n trach nhiem cua ngu'O'i lao dpng v a i an toan lao dpng
De nang cao trach nhipm trong cong tac an toan, co the xay dyng mpt so bipn phap kinh te nhu-:
1. Thuvng cho cong tac an toan nhlim muc tieu cae ca nhSn v^ tap t h i tham gia tryc t i l p trong vipc dam bao san xuat an toan. Tuy v§y, giai phap nciy h^u nhu' khong hoac rat it c6 tac dgng vi thye te quy tiln thycng tir trong Iu'cng chilm ty lp rat nho, do vay nguon thu-cng cho cong tae an toan trong quy thycng lai cang it (khong qua 2,4% quy Iu'cng).
Tiln thu'cng cho cong tac nay
la khong dang k l , hen nija, nhilu khi lai thu'cng theo kilu
"ca lang ciing vui" nen khong mang lai hipu qua thilt thye va khong co tac dung khuyin khich ngu'Ci lao dpng phin d l u san xuat an toan de nhan thu'cng.
2. Giai phap dat coc rui ro an toan: nham tao eong eu n^ng cao trach nhiem eua ngu'Ci lao dgng tir cong nhan tryc tiep san xuat, can bp quan ly an toan d i n ngu'O'i lanh dao.
Ngu'Ci lao dgng dat cpc mpt khoan tiln nhat djnh bing tiln tui cua minh cho doanh nghiep voi mCpc dat epe tiiy thupc vao chLKC vg, vj tri, cong vipc va mu'c dp riii ro: miJc do nguy hiem cang ldn thi lueng cang cao va do v$y mu'c dat coc eung cang cao. Giai phap nay khi thye hipn n l u khong chat che d l vi pham luat, de dan d i n khilu kipn, mat doan kit, hipn nay ph^p luat lao dpng Vipt Nam hipn hAnh khong c6 quy djnh nao cho phep ngu'di SU" dgng lao dpng du'pc quyln thu t i l n dpt cpc doi vci ngu'Ci lao dgng lam vipc c trong nu'cc, gay kho khan cho ngu-ci lao dpng do khong co tiln d l dpt cgc. Chinh vi vay, giai phap nay trong dilu kipn thye te hien nay la h l u nhu' khong kha thi vi n l u trien khai se vu'cng cc che chinh s^ch, vi pham luat lao dpng,
3. Giai phap rang buoc luxmg ATLD: Ngi dung ehinh eua giai ph^p n^y la nh&ng cong vipc du-pc giao nhu-ng khong thye hipn hope thye hipn khong d l y du cae bycc cong vipc thi khong du'pc tra Iu'cng hoac khong dypc tra mpt phin tien Iu'cng tu'cng yng. Cg t h i :
KHCNM 5 6 3/2013 * KINH i t MO
Thong tin khoa hQc cong nghe mo
Tong tiin lyong phai tra cho ngydi lao d i n g g i m phin t i l n lypng theo thye hign cdng viic vd phin t i i n lypng thye hign cong tdc an todn. Tong tien lyong chinh Id tien lypng trong quy lyong giao khodn cho ngydi lao dgng.
Theo kinh nghiim cua nhiiu nydc, ty trpng phan tien lypng thye hign c i n g tdc an toan bing khoang 30% t i n g lypng giao khodn. Tuy nhiin tuy theo d i i u kign Idm vigc, mire d i nguy hilm (chay n i , bgc nydc...), mire d i d i e hgi (khf die, nydc nhiem khuan...) vd yeu c i u eg t h i v i an toan lao dgng ma phin lypng ndy ed the eao hogc thap hon so vdi mu'c trung binh 30%.
B l xdc i^nh phdn tien lypng an todn cua eae chirc danh, ngdnh nghi, cong vigc, ngydi ta thydng su' dgng phyong phdp cham diem vd phyong phdp chuyen gia. Trong phyong phap ehim dilm, t i l n hanh chim diem cae y i u t i co lien quan thuan tiiy d i n cong vigc va cae y l u t i v l an toan lao ding d i xdc flnh bang dilm ehuln cho cac chire danh
nghi, sau d i xdc dinh d i l m an toan cho tu'ng n g h l , nhdm n g h l theo dp phO'c tgp, nguy hilm. Cdn cu' vdo ty trpng s i diem an todn so vdi tong s i d i l m d i xdy dyng t i i n lyong an todn trong t i n g so t i l n lypng theo nguyen t i c ty trgng cao thi p h i n t i l n lyong an todn Idn vd ngype Igi.
Tuy theo mO'c d i thye hiin cdc byde cing viee ma ngydi lao d i n g dypc hydng p h i n lypng an todn tyong irng sau khi ed cde bien ban nghiim thu v i i c thye hign edng tdc an todn trong thdng.
Thye hign giai phdp rdng bupc phan lyong an todn lao d i n g tgo tdm ly phan d i u cho ngydi lao dong trong vigc thye hiin d i y du edc byde, ede thao tac cong vigc nham ddm bdo an toan, vi phin lyong an toan Id p h i n lypng tinh thdm dya trdn nguyen t i e khong Idm khong hydng, dilu d i se tranh dypc cam giae la bj giy lyong hoac cdt xen luong ndn ngydi lao d i n g khing bj tdm ly ire c h i , khing bi cam gidc "bo t i i n tui" cho doanh nghigp.
Dim bio an tain gin lidn vdt nhCrng thao tic cdng nghi
III. K i t luan va k i i n nghj - Be thye h i i n t i t c i n g tde an toan thdng qua c i n g eu trd lypng e i n thay d i i va b i sung cdc quy trinh, quy phgm, quy c h i , t i ChO'C quan ly vd gidm sat an todn, n i l dung k i hogch cOng nhy cdeh thirc d l i u hdnh, t i chire san x u i t cho phO hpp, trong do co ca v i i c xir ly hit sire nghiim minh b i t ki'hhyng ai vi phgm quy djnh an todn lao d i n g vdi muc dich Idm sao cho t i t ca mpi ngydi luon luon tdm niim "Tuygt doi khing vi phgm quy djnh an toan lao ding".
C i n sdm t r i l n khai bign phdp rdng b u i c lyong gn todn lao d i n g de ndng cao y thO'c cua ngydi lao d i n g qua do giam thilu rui ro vd hgu qua mit an todn lao d i n g trong san xuat.
- B y a ra cdc quy c h i cu thi, chi t i i t vd cae mire phgt vgt chit cao hon hiin nay d l tang eydng y thu'c cua ngydi lao d i n g . C i n quy djnh eg t h i khung t r i n cho vigc diiu tri khi ngydi lao dong bj tai ngn lao d i n g . Xdc dinh I6i cg the cOa ngydi lao d i n g hay la cOa ngydi su' dung lao d i n g eo trach nhlim ehi tra cac khodn chi phi di cap eO'u, d i i u trj khi ngydi lao d i n g bi tai ngn lao d i n g . Tdng mu'c thydng an todn cao hon, vi hign nay thye sy mire thydng nay e i n thip, mang tinh binh qudn, nen ngydi lao d i n g chya thgt sy quan tam.
- B i dgt dype higu qua cao trong cdng tdc an toan, c i n k i t hpp d i n g b i cdc giai phdp tO' t u y i n truyin, giao due nang eao nhdn thu'c, tay n g h i vdi viic xdy dyng cdc bign phap tra lypng, thypng g i n vdi an todn lao ding./.
KHCNM S 6 3/2013 * KINH TE MO
