TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO S/2016 NGHISN cuv - TRAOBJ
THJ(M QUYEN DANG Ki HO TICH THEO LUAT HQ TjCH VA Vi(N S£ m^C H^
NGUYiN NGOC BfCH' Tom tat: Bai viet phdn tich cdc quy dmfi ve thdm quyen ddng ki hd tich theo Lugt HQ tjch RAR 2014; so sdnh vdi cdc von bdn quy pham phdp ludl cd lien quan trifdc day, qua do ldm ro nhSng d!^
thudn lgi. kho khdn trong viic thuc hi^n cdc quy dinii ndy hi4n nay.
Tukhgd: Dang ki hg tich: ho tich; lugt hp lich; thdm quyin.
Nhdn bai: 21/4/2016 Hodn thanh bien tgp: 25/8/2016 Duy4l ddng: 13/9/2016
C O M P E T E N C E T O R E G I S T E R CIVIL S T A T U S U N D E R T H E L A W O N CIVIL STATUS A N D T H E I M P L E M E N T A T I O N I S S U E
Abstract: Through the analysis of the legal provisions on competence to register civil status under the 2014 Law on civil status, in compahsion with the previous related legal normative documents, thi paper clarifies advantages and disadvantages of implementing these legal provisions at present.
Keywords: Civil status registration; civil status; law on civil status; competence.
Received: Apr 21". 2016; Editing completed: Aug 25*. 2016; Accepted for publication: Sep 13*, 2016
M
ac dii d a n g ki va quan li hp lich cd vai tro quan trpng trong qudn Ii ddn cu, giup Nha n u o c c o c o s o dg hoach dinh cac chinh sdch phdt Uien kinh le-xa hpi, bdo d a m an ninh, quoc ph6ng n h u n g p h a p luat ve h p tich 6 Viet N a m tir sau Cach m a n g thang T a m dgn nay deu Id cac v5n ban q u y p h a m phdp luat d o c a quan hanh chinh nha n u o c ban hanh, chu yeu la cdc nghi dinh cua Chinh phli va cdc thong t u cua bp, lign bp.Sau Ban digu le dSng k i h p tich ddu tign d u p c ban hanh khm theo Nghi dinh ciia Thii lucmg Chfnh phu so 7 6 4 > T r g ngdy 08/5/1956. lin luot cac van ban sau dd d u g c ban hanh IS Nghi djnh ciia Chinh p h u s6 04/CP ngay 16/01/1961 ban hanh Digu Ie
• Giang vien, Trirtmg Dai hpc Luat Ha N$i E-maii; [email protected]
d a n g k i h p tich, N g h i dinh ciia Chinh phii si 8 3 / I 9 9 8 / N D - C P n g a y 10/10/1998 vg ddngM h p tich, N g h i djnh ciia Chfnh phu sS 1 5 8 / 2 0 0 5 / N D - C P n g a y 2 7 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5 ve dSng ki vd q u a n li h p tich (sau d a y gpi tat Id Nghj dinh 1 5 8 / N D - C P ) . N h a n thiic d u p c vai tr6 dieu chinh c o n g tac h p tich b a n g ludt, phii h p p vol ygu cdu x d y d u n g nh^ n u d c philp quyen xa hpi chii n g h i a . Q u 6 c hpi khod Xffl tai ki h p p thir 8 n g a y 2 0 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 4 da thong qua Luat h p tich.*'* L u a t h p tich Id ket qua c u a qud trinh luat hod cdc q u y dinh ve hg tich tren c a s o t o n g kgt t h u c tien. Npi dung ciia Ludl huorng dgn m y e lieu minh b?ch, d a n gidn h o a thii tyc h a n h chfnh gdn vdi vi|
u n g d u n g c o n g n g h e t h o n g tin trong v a q u a n l f h p lich.
(!). Luai hO tjch c6 hi?u iirc lir nghy 0
CHI LUAT HOC SO 8/2016
'3AP_
| [ | Thdm quygn ddng ki hp tich Id mgt trong nhung npi dung quan Upng cua phdp luat vg hp tjch. Cac quy dinh vg thdm quygn hgp li
^GOc.™^ b^o dam thuan lpi cho nhan dan khi ddng kf cdc sy kien hp tich vira gop phin fliij.nang cao hieu qua quan If nha nudc ve hp fo*tich. Trong Luat hp tich cdc quy dinh ve
thdm quygn Id mpt trong nhimg npi dung dupc quan tdm hodn thien vd la dilm mdi co Jif I'-i bdn so vdi cdc quy dinh trudc do.
1. Thim quyen dang ki h§ tich theo Luat h? tich
Ve mat ki thuat lap phdp, Luat hp tich dd
^* coi thdm quygn ddng kf hp tich Id npi dung
« xuygn su6t, vdi each thirc quy dinh cu thg nhu sau:
Thif nhdi. Ludt danh mot digu cy the (Digu 7) de xde dinh ro cac co quan co thdm
^ quygn ddng kf hp tich va pham v'i tham 1^^;^ quyen ciia timg co quan trong viec dang ki
hp tich. Luat khong xac lap co quan chuygn
• trdch de thuc hien viec ddng ki vd quan If ho , tich ma tham quygn nay van dupc quy djnh cho CQ quan quan li nha nudc theo dia ban E'.
, VOI cac viec hp tich trong nuoc va co quan
•' dai dien vdi cac viec hp tich co lien quan dgn cong dan Viet Nam d nudc ngoai. Cu ihg, thdm quyen dang ki ho tich dupc xde dinh
"^ cho uy ban nhan dan (UBND) xa, phudng, 1^ thi tran (gpi chung ia UBND cap xa), UBND quan, huyen, thi xa, thanh pho thupc tinh
•' (gpi chung la UBND cap huyen) va co quan
^ dai dien ngoai giao, co quan dai dien Ianh sy
" ciia Viel Nam d nudc ngodi (gpi chung la co '' quan dai dien).
Thir hai, npi dung chfnh ciia Ludl hp tich dugc bo cyc theo tham quygn ciia timg ca
NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO B6I quan dang ki hp tjch. Tai cac chuang II, in vd IV, Luat ldn lupt quy dinh ddng kf hp tich tai UBND cdp xa, UBND cdp huyen vd tai CO quan dai dien va trong timg chucmg thi timg Ioai viec hp tich cu thg dupc quy dinh theo cac muc.
So vdi each thuc quy dinh thdm quygn theo timg loai viec hp tich trong Nghi djnh 158/ND-CP, quy dinh ciia Luat giiip cho viec xac dinh tham quygn ro rang, phu hgp vdi cong tac hp tich dang dupc trign khai thuc hien tai cdc ca quan nha nudc, lir dd giiip mdi co quan de dang xde dinh ro va loan dien tham quygn ciia minh trong ddng kf hp fich,
Vg mai npi dung, xde djnh ro nhu cdu ddng ki don gidn, nhanh chdng dg c6 thg theo kip nhimg bien dpng ve hp tich ciia cd nhan, ciing nhu nhan thdy ndng luc quan li cua cdc ca quan dja phuong d3 dupc nang lgn dang kg.'^* Luat hp tich la da bo hodn loan tham quyen ciia cdc co quan cap linh uong ddng kf ho tich. Trudc day, sd tu phdp thupc tinh, thdnh phd tryc thupc trung uang cd thdm quygn dang ki khai sinh, khai tii, gidm hp cd ygu td nudc ngodi vh ghi chii vdo sd hp tich cdc viec hp tich ciia cong dan Viet Nam dd ddng kf trudc ca quan cd thdm quygn ciia nudc ngodi; cdp lai ban chinh gidy khai sinh cho ngudi nudc ngoai vd ngudi Viet Nam dinh cu d nudc ngoai trudc day da ddng kf khai sinh tai Viel Nam. UBND cap linh cd thdm quygn dang ki cac loai viec hp (2).Xem: Bao cdo cua BQ iir ph^p s6 104/BC-BTP ngay 12/6/2012 -Tdng kit cong tac dang ki. quan li hQ Hch va vipc thuc hi?n cdc van ban quy pham phdp lugi vi hQ tich".
TAP CHI LU AT HOC SO S/:016 NGHIEN CUV • TRAO tich CO yeu to nuoc ngoai la: dang ki vice ket
hon. nhan cha, me, con, nuoi con nuoi giiia cong dan Viet Nam voi nguoi nutjc ngoai, giira nguoi nucrc ngoai thucmg tni tai Viet Nam vm nhau. Hien nay, cac vice hp tich nay ve co ban dugc chuyjn cho UBND cip huyen thuc hien, UBND cip tinh chi con tap tmng thuc hien quan Ii nha nucrc ve hg tich, khang thuc hien dang ki hp tich. Dieu nky the hien quan diem phan cip manh me viec thuc hien cac cong viec hp tich cho cip chi'nh quyen dia phuong gan dan nhJm giam bgt phien ha cho nhan dan khi thuc hien cac cong viec hp tich.
Sau khi "tiep nhan" thim quygn dang ki ho tich tir UBND cip tinh "chuySn xu6ng", tham quyin ctia UBND cip huyen trong viec dang kl ho tich da thay d6i dang ki. Luat hp t!ch xac dinh ba nhom viec hp tich thupc tham quyin ciia UBND cap huyen la:
- Dang ki cac sir kien hp tich- khai sinh;
ket hon; giam hp; nhan cha, me, con; thay doi, cai chinh hp tjch, xac dinh lai dan tgc, bo sung thcng tin hg tich; khai tir cd yiu t6 nucrc ngoiu, trtr cac trudng hop dang Vi hp t!ch thupc thim quyin ciia UBND cip xa khu vuc bien gioi;
- DSng ki thay dii, cai chinh ho tich cho cong dan Viet Nam tir dii 14 tudi trg len cu tni o Uong nuoc; xic dinh lai dan tpc;
- Ghi vao so hp tich su kien khai sinh;
Mt hon; li hon; huy viec kit hon; giam ho;' nhan cha, me, con; xac djnh cha, me con' nuai con nuoi; thay dii hp lich; khai tu ciia cong din Viet Nam da dupc giai quyit tai CO quan co tham quyen cua nuoc ngoai.
Co thi thiy Luat hg tich da ki thira quy
dinh tham quyen dSng kf thay dii, cai dtfijl hp tich cho cong dan Viet Nam tir dii 14 (^
tro len cu tni cr trong nuoc; xac dinh Ijudfe tpc. Viec ghi vao so hp tich cac sir kifin u tich ciia cong dan Viet Nam da dupc gij quyet tai co quan co thim quyen ciia ni*
ngoai van dupc quy dinh cho UBiVD ci.
huyen va ngoai cdc su kien khai sinh. Si hon, nhan cha, me, con, nuoi con nuoi, IM hp tjch bo sung tham quyen ghi vao si „„
tich cua UBND cip huyen ca viec huy kj han, giam hp va thay dai hg tjch, khai lil.
Day la nhtmg su kien hp tjch quan trong, lien quan true tiip din quyin, lgi fch vi dc nghia vu ciia moi ca nhan ma truoc d6 phip luat chua quy dinh.
Pham vi cac viec hp tjch co yiu ti nm ngoii dupc thuc hien tai UBND cip huyjn dugc quy djnh cu thi nhu sau: Vice khai sinh cho tre em sinh ra tai Viet Nam c6 cha hoac me la cang dan Viet Nam c6n ngirdi kia la ngucri nutic ngoji hoSc nguW khong quoc tich; cd cha ho5c me la cong dan Vifl Nam cu tni cr trong nuoc c6n nguoi kia li cong dan Viet Nam dinh cu o nuoc ngoM; ciS cha va me 14 cong dan Viet Nam dinh ciro nucrc ngoai; co cha va me la nguiri nu*
ngoai hoac ngu6ri khang quic tjch. Viec khai smh cho tre em sinh ra o nuoc ngoii chua dugc dang ki khai sinh vi cu mi tai Viet Nam CO cha vi me la cong dan Viet Nam; c6 cha hoac me la cong dan Viet Nara; viec kel h6n giira cong dan Viet Nam voi ngucri nuoc ngoai; giOa cang dan Viet Nam cu mi i>
trong nuoc vtji cong dan Viet Nam djnh ciro nuoc ngoii; giira c6ng dan Viet Nam djnh cit o nugc ngoii vdi nhau; gi&a cong dan Vi?I
m
20
^k. TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN cuv • TRAO &0I '^Nam dong thdi cd qudc lich nudc ngoai vdi
, ^ cdng dan Viet Nam hoac vdi ngudi nudc , ™'ngoai; giira ngudi nudc ngoai cu tru lai Viet
•^'siiiNam vdi nhau; viec giam ho giiia cong dan
^ k Viet Nam va ngudi nudc ngodi ciing cu tni 'ysttfuai Viet Nam; viec nhan cha, me, con giua
"''JE\'c6ng dan Viet Nam vdi ngudi nudc ngodi;
™!i3 giiJa cdng dan Viet Nam cu tni d trong nudc
•^fii: vdi cdng dan Viet Nam djnh cu d nudc
^i ngoai; giua cong dan Viet Nam dinh cu d
"it:t nudc ngodi vdi nhau; giua cong dan Viet
^tti,i; Nam dong thai cd quoc tjch nudc ngoai vdi
!i^i: cong ddn Viet Nam hodc vdi ngudi nudc Idiiji ngodi; giua ngudi nudc ngoai vdi nhau ma U:\ mpt hodc cd hai bgn thudng tru tai Viet
Nam; viec khai tir cho ngudi nudc ngoai )ji hoac cong dan Viet Nam dinh cu d nudc
^, ngoai chet tai Viet Nam.
\ Thdm quygn ddng ki hp tjch cua UBND Ilil cap xa trong Luat hp tich ve ca bdn dupc giu [if nguygn so vdi cac quy dinh irudc kia, chi cd [ji mpt so thay ddi nhd nhu Id xac dinh thdm .,| quyen dang ki khai sinh thupc UBND cdp xa ji^^ noi cu tru ciia ngudi cha hoac ngudi me ma
j^., khdng uu tien noi cu tni cua ngudi me nhu
^ trudc day. Tuang tu nhu vdy, Ludt quy dinh
UBND thuc hien ddng ki gidm hd, nhdn con nudi cd thg la nai ngudi giam hp hoac ngudi dupc gidm ho cu tni, ngudi nhan con nuoi hoac ngudi dupc nhan nudi cu tni...
Quy dinh nay vira the hien ro quan diem ddng ki hp tich la dang kf viec dan su, cd nhan co lien quan cd quygn tu do lua chpn, quygt dinh, vua bdo ddm thuan lpi tdi da cho cdng ddn khi di dang kf cung nhu khi thuc hien cdc quygn, nghTa vu cd lien quan dgn hd tich sau nay.
Vg thdm quygn ddng ki hp tich cua cdc CO quan dai dien cua Viet Nam d nudc ngodi dupc quy dinh true tiep trong Ludt, Eheo dd, CO quan dai dien thuc hien hai nhdm viec hp tich: 1) Dang ki cac sir kien hp tich ciia cdng dan Viet Nam phat sinh d nudc ngoai trong thdi gian cdng ddn Viet Nam cu tni tai nudc ngoai: 2) Dang kf hd tich giira cong dan Viet Nam vdi ngudi nudc ngoai neu viec ddng ki do khdng trdi vdi quy dinh ciia phdp ludt nudc tiep nhan.
Bang .so sanh dudi day cd thg giiip thiy rd hon cdc quy dinh vg iham quyen ddng ki hd tjch trong Luat hp tich so vdi quy dinh ciia Nghi djnh 158/ND-CP:
So sdnh tham quyen dang ki hp tjch theo Nghi djnh 158/N0-CP va Luat hp tjch Nghi djnh 158/ND-CP Luat ho tjch nam 2014 UBND cap -Dang kl khai sinh, ket hon, khai tii,
nuoi con nuoi, giam hp; nh§n cha, me, con cho cong dan Viet Nam cu tni d trong nudc, dang ki khai sinh, khai ttr qua han, dSng ki lai viec smh. tu, k^t hon, nhan nuoi con nuoi;
- D3ng kl vi?c thay d6i, cai chinh hp tjch cho ngirdi dudi 14 tuoi va thyc hien
-Dang kl khai sinh, ket hon, giam hp, nhan cha, me, con, khai tii cho c6ng dan Viet Nam cu tni d trong nudc;
-Dang ki thay ddi, cai chinh ho tich cho ngudi chua du 14 tu6i; bd sung thdng tin ho tich cho cdng dan Viet Nam cu tnj d trong nudc;
-Ghi vao sd hp lich viec thay dfii hd
TAP CHI LUAT HQC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO B6I viec bo sung ho tich cho mpi tnidng
hpp, khong phan biet dp tuoi;
- Can ciJ vao quyet dinh ciia ca quan nhd nudc CO tham quyen, ghi vao so dang kl hp tjch cac viec ve xac djnh cha, me, con (trudng hop do toa an xac dinh);
thay ddi qu6c tjch, li hon, huy viec kfit hon Uai phap luat; cham dirt nuoi con nuoi;
- UBND cap xa d khu vuc bign gidi thuc hien dang kf viec k6t hon, nhan cha, m?, con, nuoi con nudi giiia cdng dan Vi^I Nam thudng tru d khu vyc bien gidi vdi cdng dan ciia nudc lang gi^ng thudng InJ d khu vuc bien gidi vdi Viet Nam (Nghi djnh 68/ND-CP).
-Thay d6i, cai chfnh ho tich cho ngirdi lirdu 14 tu6i trd len;
-Xac dinh lai dan toe, xde djnh Jai gidi u'nh doi vdi ngudi da dang ki khai sinh trong pham vi dja hat huy?n do;
• B6 sung hd tjch, dieu chinh hp tich doi vdi mpi Uudng hap, khong phan bi?t dp tuoi;
Cap l^i ban chinh gidy khai sinh;
tich ciia ca nhan theo ban dn, q u ^ djnh Clia co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen, gdm: Thay ddi qudc tich; xfc dinh cha, me, con; xac dinh lai gioi tfnh; nudi con nudi, cham dirt vi^
nuoi con nudi; Ii hon, huy viec ket hdn trai phdp luat, cdng nhan vi|c ket hon; cdng nhan gidm hp; tuygn bd hodc huy tuyen bd mpt ngudi mat U'ch. da chet, bi mdt hodc han che ndng Iuc hdnh vi dan sir.
Ddng kf khai sinh cho tre em sinh ra lai Viet Nam co cha hodc me Id c6ng ddn Viet Nam thudng tni tai khu vuc bien gidi, cdn ngudi kia la cdng dan ciia nudc Idng gieng thudng tru tai khu vuc bign gidi vdi Vi$t Nam; kgt hon, nhan cha, me, con ciia cdng dSn Viet Nam thudng tni d khu vuc bign gioi vdi cong dan ciia nudc ldng gieng thudng tni d khu vuc bign gidi vdi Vi^t Nam; khai tu cho ngudi nudc ngoai cu tni dn dinh ldu ddi i^i khu vuc bign gioi ciia Viel Nam.
Xac nhan va ghi vdo s6 hp tjch cdc vi?c hp tich khac theo quy dinh ciia phap lugt.
-Dang kl khai sinh, ket hon, giam hpm nhan cha, me, con; thay ddi, cai chfnh hp tjch, xac dinh Iai dan tpc, bo sung thdng tin hp tjch; khai tir cd y£u to niroc ngodi, (tni trudng hpp thupc tham quyen ciia UBND xa khu v^c bien gidi).
- Dang ki thay ddi, cai chfnh hp tjch cho cong ddn Viet Nam tir du 14 tuoi trd lgn cu mi d Uong nudc; xde djnh lai dan tpc;
•Ghi vao sd hp tjch sy ki?n khai sinh; kk hdn; li hdn; huy viec kgt hon; gidm hp; nhdn cha, me, con; xde dinh cha, me, con; nuoi con nudi; thay ddi hp
5* TAP CHi LUAT HQC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN Cifu - TRAO Bdi
UBND cdp tinh
Ccf quan dai di^n cua Vi?t Nam d nudc ngodi
- Sd tu phap thupc tinh, thanh ph6 true thupc trung uong cd tham quygn dang kl khai sinh, khai tu, gidm hp cd yeu tfl nudc ngodi va ghi chd vao sd hp tich cac vi?c hp tjch ciia cdng ddn Viet Nam da dang ki trudc ca quan cd thdm quyen cda nudc ngodi; cdp lai bdn chinh giay khai sinh cho ngudi nudc ngodi va ngudi Viet Nam djnh cu d nudc ngodi trudc day da dang b' khai sinhtai Viet Nam.
-UBND cap linh cd thdm quygn dang kf 3 loai viec hp tich c6 ygu to nudc ngodi la: dang ki viec ket hdn, nhan cha, me, con, nudi con nuoi giiira cong dan Viet Nam vdi ngudi nudc ngodi, giiia ngudi nudc ngodi thudng tni tai Viet Nam vdi nhau.
Ca quan ngoai giao, Ianh su Viet Nara thyc hi?n dang ki vi?c k6t hdn, nhan cha, m?, con, nuoi con nuoi giua cong dan Vi?t Nam cu tni d nudc ngoai vdi ngudi nudc ngodi neu viec ddng kf do khong trdi vdi phdp luat ciia nudc tiep nhan.
(Nghi dinh 68//ND-CP).
tich; khai tu ciia cong dan Vipt Nam da dupc giai quyet tai ca quan c6 tham quyen cua nudc ngoai.
Ca quan d^i di?n thirc hi?n vi^c ddng ki cdc sir kien hp tich cua cong din Vift Nam phdt sinh d nudc ngoai uong thdi gian cdng dan Vi^t Nam cu tru tai nudc ngodi, gom: Ddng ki khai sinh, ket hon, giam hp, nhan cha, m?, con, khai tii;
D^i vdi yeu cdu ddng b' hp tjch giua cflng ddn Viet Nam vdi ngudi nudc ngodi, ca quan dai di?n chi ddng b' khi vi?c dang b' dd khdng uai vdi quy dinh Clia phap luat nudc dgp nhan.
2. Van de thuc hi^n tham quyen ddng kl hp tich theo quy dinh ciia Luat hp tich
Viec thuc hien tham quyen ddng Id hp tich theo quy dinh ciia Ludt hp tich cd nhimg diem thuan lpi vd khd khdn sau:
2.1. Thudn led
Cac quy dinh mdi vg thdm quygn thuc
hien cac viec hd tich trgn co sd tdng kgt vd khac phuc nhiJng han che vg thdm quygn cua cac vdn ban phap luat trudc do, vi vay nhirng quy dinh nay vira hudng dgn phuc vu tot nhal nhu cau ciia nhdn dan vira bdo dam phu hpp vdi to chuc va hoat dpng ciia cdc co quan nha nudc.
23
TAP CHl LUAT HOC SO S •2016 NGHIE.\' CUV - TRAO B^
Duy tri thdm quygn dang ki ho tich ciia UBND cdp xa va chuygn thdm quygn dang ki cac viec hp tich cd yeu td nudc ngoai xuong cho UBND cap huyen thuc hien ma khdng cdn tap trung d cdp tinh la co sd dg cd the nit ngdn thdi gian giai quyet, gidm chi phi di Iai va tranh phien ha cho nhan dan. Dieu nay se dpng vien nhan dan cd y thirc tu gidc.
kip chdi thirc hien viec dang ki cac su kien hp tich vdi ca quan nha nudc cd thdm quyen.
Vdi cac co quan nha nudc, viec Ludt Hfi lich CO ban giu nguyen tham quyen dang kf hp tich d cap xa se khdng gdy ra nhiing xao trpn Idn trong trien khai thuc hien Luat. Mdt khac. \iec xac dinh ca quan dang kf hp tjch dupc quy dinh theo hudng tdn trpng su lua chpn cua ca nhan khi ddng kf ho lich ciing giiip cac CO quan nha nudc khdng cdn vudng mdc khi xac dinh cd thdm quygn hoac khong khi ticp nhan yeu cau dang kf ho tjch
Thdm quyen ddng ki ho tich cd ygu to nuoc ngodi duoc quy dmh cho UBND cdp huyen dd "giai phdng" cac co quan cdp tinh khdi viec ddng b' hp tich Thuc tg cho thdy trong xu the hpi nhap, cdc viec hp tich cd yeu to nudc ngodi ngay cang trd nen phfi bicn d tat ca cdc dia phuang. Ngu cdc co quan cdp tinh thirc hien tdt ca cac vice nay trong pham vi ca mdt tinh rdt de ddn dgn qua tdi. Vi \ay. Jang ki hp lich co ygu td nudc ngoai thuc hien tai UBND cdp huyen cdn UBND cip tinh chi tap trung vdo cong tac qudn Ii nhd nudc vira thudn Ipi cho ddng b ' hp tiL-h vira gop phan ndng cao hieu qua quan
\i nha nuoc vc ho tich ciia cdc co quan nhd mrdc cap iinh.
2.2. Kho khdn
Ben canh nhirng diem thuan Ipi, trifti khai thyc hien Luat cd the se gap phai nhitag khd khdn sau:
Thif nhdt, Ludt hp tich van tiep luc giao viec thuc hien ddng ki hd tich d cdp xa cho cdng chuc tu phap - hp tich ma chua quy dinh chirc danh hp tich vien chuygn trddi {mac dii Ludt hp tich ciing dg mo khi quy dinh viec bd tri cong chirc tu phap - hp tjch dam nhiem cong tdc hp tjch chuyen trach) se dgp tuc lam cho viec ddng ki hp tich d cap xd bi qua tdi. Thuc tign thi hanh phdp ludl ve hfi lich trong thdi gian gan day (khi chua c6 Luat Hd tich) da chi ro su qud tai cac viec ho tich d cdp xd va nhu cdu can cd chirc danh hd tich vien chuyen trach de thuc hien cdc cdng viec hd lich Them vdo do. vdi phuong cham md rpng tham quyen cho cdc co quan nha nudc d co sd dg tao thuan loi cho nhSn ddn khi giai quygt cong viec vdi ca quan nhi nudc thi rat nhigu loai viec gdn ddy dupc quy dinh thupc trdch nhiem ciia cdng chirc Iti phap - hp tich nhu chirng thirc,'^' lap hfi sa dg nghi dp dung bien phdp xir Ii hanh chiW^' nen cdng chiic tu phap - hd tjch khdng th^
chuyen tdm thuc hien dang b ' hp tjch mS phdi san se cho thuc hien cdc nhigm vu khdc.
Mat khdc, theo yeu cdu cua cdi cdch hdnh chfnh, thdi han giai quyet cac cdng viec n6i chung, viec hp tich noi rieng dupc nit ngdn (3). Chung thuc theo Nghj djnh cua Chinh phii s6 23/2015/ND-CP ng^y 16/2/2015 v^ d p ban sao lir so goc, chirng thvrc ban sao lu bdn chfnh, chirng ihyc chO kf vh chiing thyc hpp dfing. giao dich.
(4). Lap ho so de nghi dp dyng cdc bi?n phap xu If hanh chfnh theo quy dinh cua Lu^l xii If vi ph?ni h^nh chfnh
H-
AP CHl LUAT HOC SO 8/20! 6 NGHIEN cull - TRAO DOI idng kg, ciing nhigu Ioai gidy td trong thu^^ lf,tuc hanh chinh bi bai bd da thuc su gdy dp 'Pptiluc ldn ddi vdi cdng chuc tu phdp - hp tich
va UBND cap xa trong viec hodn thanh lieptinhiem vu theo quy dinh ciia phdp luat va co ocjpithg la nguyen nhan dan den sai sdt trong giai raatbquygt cdng viec, trong do cd ddng ki hd tich.
'kf. Thic hai, tham quygn dang b ' cac viec hp tflijbtich cd ygu td nudc ngoai duac quy dinh cho )liap-iUBND cap huyen tire la thay vi dang dupc jyEii-igidi quygt tai sd tu phdp va UBND cua 63 111 ^'tinh, thdnh phd true thudc trung uong se ifljp dupc chia ra cho khoang 704 don vi hdnh (![-chfnh cap huyen. Tuy nhien, cac viec hp tich iidtr CO yeu tfi nudc ngoai cd miic dp phiic tap :((|r cao, lign quan dgn cdc van ban giay td bdng
|],.^i tieng nudc ngoai hodc phdi giao liep vdi i^ljj. ngudi nudc ngoai se la mpl trd ngai ldn vdi j^p phan ddng cdng chuc cdp huyen hien nay.
1^,1^ Ngay ca trong trudng hpp cdn sir hpp tac ciia jjp ngudi phien dich thi khdng phai d dia j|;^, phuang nao lire Iupng dii dieu ben phign .j,,„ dich cung cd thg dap iing dupc. Thgm vao IINJI do. khi can xde nunh thdng tin cdc viec hd .,,1, tich cd ygu tfi nudc ngodi tht cap huyen ,(., thfing ihudng khdng lam dupc true tigp md ._[ phai de nghj cdc co quan cap tinh, tham chi
,, thfing qua cap tinh de chuygn lgn co quan ij trung uong. Mat khdc, cac gidy td sir dung , trong ddng b ' hp tich cd ygu tfi nudc ngoai ', ciing cdn phdi duoc hpp phdp hoa lanh su, day la viec khdng thg giai quygt d cdp ii,^ huyen... Tat cd nhiing van dg dd rat de dan
« dgn hdu qud la hfi so se bi chuyen di chuygn '•' lai giua cac ca quan nha nudc hoac ngudi cd ygu cau dang b ' hp tich phai chay qua lai :; giira cdp tinh. cdp huyen.
Mat khac, theo quy dinh tai Thdng tu lien tich sd 01/2009/TTLT-BTP-BNV ngdy 28/4/2009 hudng ddn chirc ndng, nhiem vu, quygn han vd co cau td chiic ciia sd tu phap thudc UBND cap tinh, phong tu phdp thudc UBND cdp huyen va cong tac tu phdp ciia UBND cap xd thl tai mdi dia phuang, phong tu phdp cd trudng phdng, phd trudng phdng va tir 02 dgn 03 cong chirc chuyen mdn gidp viec. Trung binh cdc phdng tu phdp cd sd Iupng til 03 dgn 05 cdng chiic, thudng moi phdng bd tri 01 cong chuc Iam cdng tdc dang b hp tich. Thuc tg cho thay cdc dia phucmg cd digu ben bnh te-xd hdi phat trien, nhigu doanh nghiep boat dpng hoac la nhiing dia phuang phdt trign du lich thi cdc viec hp tich cd ygu tfi nudc ngoai luon cd sd Iupng Idn, vupt nhieu lan so vdi cac dia phuang khac.
Tai cdc dia phuang ndy, viec bao dam digu kien vat chat ciing nhu chdt lupng ciia dpi ngii cdng chuc khd tdt ngn viec phdi hpp trong ddng kf hd tich cd ygu tfi nudc ngodi se thuan loi hon. Ngupc Iai, mpt sd tinh cd bign gidi vdi cac qudc gia lang gieng cdc viec hd tich cd ygu td nudc ngodi ciing phat sinh nhigu nhung ddy lai la cdc dia phuang cd digu bgn bnh tg-xa hdi khd khdn, sd cong chirc cdn chua dap img ygu cau chuygn mdn Idn. Vi du nhu linh Hd Giang, trong tdng so 37 cdng chiic ciia cdc phong tu phdp thi cd 1 cdng chiic cd trinh dp thac sT ludt, 22 cd tiinh dfi cu nhdn ludt (chiem gan 60%), 13 trinh dp trung cdp luat (chigra 35%), ngoai ra la cdc chuyen mon khdc.'^^
(5).Xem: Bdo cdo cong tac hp tjch tren dia bSn tinh H5 Giang nam 2014
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TAP CHl LUAT HQC SO 8/2016 NGHIEN citu - TRAP ft)|
Neu Luat hp tich chi trao quygn cho cap huyen ma ciing vdi do khdng co cac gidi phdp trien khai thuc hien thi co thg cac cdng viec vg hp tich se "tdc" ngay tir khi trign khai thuc hien, muc tigu tao thuan Ipi cho ngudi ddn khdng dat duoc.
Cd the thay nang Iuc ciia cdng chiic ldm cdng tdc hd tjch Id mot trong nhimg trd ngai Idn cho viec trign khai thuc hien Luat hp tich cd d cdp huyen vd cdp xa. Qua sd lieu thdng ke ciia 63 tinh, thanh phfi cho thay, tinh dgn ngdy 30/6/2015 chiing la dang cd 1.446 cdng chiic dupc giao lam cdng lac hd tich tai 704 don vi hanh chinh cdp huyen; 16.734 cdng chiic tu phdp - hd lich tai 11.227 dan vj hanh chfnh cdp xa. Tdng hpp trgn ca nudc cung cdn khoang 20% sfi lupng cdng chirc (cdp xa, cap huyen) chua dap ung tieu chudn, cdn cd kg hoach ddo tao dg cd du tieu chudn trudc ngay 01/01/2020.*'^' Vi vay, cdc ca quan nhd nudc cd tham quygn nhu Bd tu phap, Bd nfii vu, UBND tinh, dianh phd cd hen quan can khao sat, ddnh gid nhu cdu cdng chiic cdp xd, thuc trang dang b hfi tjch cd yeu td nudc ngoai d cdp huyen timg dia phucmg dg cd giai phdp phii hpp; rigng cdc dia phucmg cd sd lupng vigc hd tich cd ygu tfi nudc ngodi ldn, cd thg la bd tri cdng chiic chuyen trdch.
Vdi cdc ca quan dai dien Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, Luat hd tjch quy dinh ro viec dang b' hd tich ciia ca quan ndy cd hgn quan
(6) Xem: Bp tir phap. Bao cSo chuyen dd. Tmh hinh men kliai thi hanh Luat hQ lich. Tki lieu phye vu Hoi ngh! trvc tuyan tnen khai ihi hSnh cong tdc ur phap nam 2016 v.i dinh hircmg nhiem ki 2016 - 2020 nedv
den ngudi nudc ngoai chi dupc thuc hijn trong uudng hop khong trai voi phdp luji nudc tiep nhan. Quy dinh nay da thg hi^
nguygn tdc tdn trpng phap luat ciia nuoc khac vd cd Ipi cho ca nhan nhung cilng ddt ra ygu cdu vdi ca quan dai dien, vien chiic ngoai giao, ianh su lam cdng tdc hp tjch khdng chi ndm ro cdc quy dinh cua phdp lujt Viet Nam ma cdn phai co kign thiic vg phip luat Clia cdc nudc va van de tuong trp tir phdp giiia Viet Nam va nudc dd... Neu khdng viec tir chdi hay thuc hien ddng ki hp tich cd the gay bat lai cho ca nhan lien quan.
Luat hp tich vira cd hieu luc thi hdnh nen cdn qud sdm dg dua ra cdc ddnh gid vl nhimg thay doi tfch cue hay nhiing han che Clia Luat ve tham quygn ddng kf hd tich cti thg gay anh hudng den quygn, lpi fch cua nhdn dan hay tao ra nhirng thuan lpi, kh(5 khdn cho cdc ca quan nhd nudc trong quan U vg hp tich. Song cac co quan nha nudc ai lign quan cung cdn phdi ludng trudc nhihig khd khdn cd thg xdy ra, chu ddng cd phuang dn gidi quyet dg viec trign khai thi hdnh Luat hd tjch ddng bfi va cd ket qua tfil./
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bp tu phdp, Bdo cdo sd 104/BC-BTP ngdy
12/6/2012 "Tong kii cong tdc ddng ki, qudn It hg tich vd viec ihuc hien cdc vdn bdn quy phgm phdp ludt vS ho tich ".
2. Bp tu phap, Bao cao chuyen dg; Tinh hinh trien khai ihi hdnh Ludl hg ljch, Tai H?u phuc vu Hpi nghi true tuyen trign khai thi hanh cdng lac tu phap ndm 2016 vd djnh hudng nhiem ki 2016 - 2020, ngay 08/01/2016.
