HUUNG liHG TUAN
L IQUOC GIA VE ATVSLO VA PCCC
\AH T H I T10
e O A N M I N H HOA
Cue trudng Cue An todn Lao dong
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(heo qui dinh tai Nghi dinh 06/CP ngay 2 0 / 1 /995 ciia Chinh phii qui djnh chi tiet mdt sd dieu ciia Bd luat Lao ddng ve an toan lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng va Nghj dinh sd 110/2002/ NO-CP ngay 27/12/2002 ciia Chinh phii thi Uy ban Nhan dan tinh, thanh phd true thudc Trung uang thuc hien quan ly Nha nudc ve ITnh v u c nay trong p h a m vi d j a phuang minh can xay dung cac muc tieu bao dam
an toan, ve sinh va cai thien dieu kien lao ddng dua vao ke h o a c h p h a t trien kinh te - xa hdi va ngan sach cua dja p h u a n g . Dac biet, tir nam 2 0 0 6 , t h e o phe duyet ciia Chuang trinh qudc gia ve Bao hd lao ddng, an toan lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng ( B H L O , A T L D , V S L O ) d e n nam 2 0 1 0 c u a T h u tudng Chinh phu thi cac dia phuang khdng nhirng can p h a i t h u c h i e n
nhiem vu ve AT-VSLO ndi tren ma cdn phai tham gia vao cac du an cua chuang trinh de phain d a u g i a m tai n a n lao d d n g (TNLD), m§c mdi benh nghe nghiep (BNN) va cai thi^n dieu kien lao ddng, gdp phan phat tnen kinh te - xa hdi ben vung cho ca qudc gia.
Cdng tac quan ly Nha nudc
ve ATLD hien da dugc phan cap manh ve cac dja phuang nhu dang ky sir dung cac loai may, thiet bj, vat tu cd yeu cau nghiem ngat ve AT-VSLO; Thuc hien thanh tra, kiem tra viec kiem djnh ddi vdi cac loai may, thiet bj cd yeu cau nghiem ngat ve AT-VSLO; To chuc huan luyen va cap giay chirng nhan huan luyen ve AT-VSLO cho ngudi su dung lao ddng; Quan
Qua kiem tra, van con nhieu doanh nghiep khdng thuc hien viec cap trang phuc bao ho lao dong cho nguai lao dong.
ly va cap the ATLD cho ngudi l a m c d n g v i e c cd yeu c a u nghiem ngat ve AT-VSLO; Thuc hien viec thanh tra, kiem tra, xu phat hanh chinh cac vi pham ve AT-VSLO tren dja ban...
Khi td chuc thuc hien, ngudi s u dung lao ddng trong cac doanh nghiep can nghiem chinh thuc hien cac nghTa vu, trach
nhiem ve AT-VSLO ma luat phap da qui dinh tai Dieu 13 c u a Nghj d j n h 06/CP n g a y 20/1/1995 nhu: Khi xay dung ke hoach san xuat kinh doanh ciia d o a n h n g h i e p p h a i l a p ke hoach, bien phap AT-VSLO va cai thien dieu kien lao ddng;
Trang bj day du phuang tien bao ve ca nhan, thuc hien tdt cac che dd bdi dudng bang hien vat, che dd ddi vdi lao ddng nu, che dd bdi thudng
• TNLD, BNN, cac qui djnh ve thdi gid lam viec, thdi g i d n g h i n g a i , t r a n g bj c a c phuang tien caip ciru, kiem tra do dac cac yeu td ddc hai, khi phat h i e n cd b a t thudng phai kjp thdi kiem tra, xu ly; Xay dung ndi qui, qui trinh AT- VSLO phu h g p vdi ti/ng loai may, t h i e t b j , c d n g
nghe diing theo tieu c h u a n cua N h a n u d c ; Td"
chuc kham sue khoe, huan luyen AT-VSLD cho NLO; Thuc hien nghiem chinh cac qui djnh ve dang ky, kiem djnh khi su dung cac loai may, t h i e t b j , vat t u cd yeu cau n g h i e m n g a t ve A T - V S L D ; Thdng ke, bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien...
Tuy n h i e n , thuc te trong nhieu nam qua cho thay, cdn
i>D & XH - .SV) 330 (lir 1-15/3/2008)
H U V N G
liKG TUAN LE QUOC GIA VE ATVSLD VA PCCC LAN THIT 10
n h i e u t i n h , t h a n h p h d c h u a quan tam va dau tu cho cdng tac AT-VSLO, chua coi dd la mdt phan trong ke hoach, chien lugc phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua dia p h u a n g . Nam 2 0 0 8 , Nha nudc da cap kinh phi hd trg cho 64 tinh, thanh phd trong ca nudc tham gia vao Chuang trinh qudc gia song den nay, nhieu tinh van khdng xay dung chuang trinh ke hoach diing vdi qui dinh, trong dd cd 7 tinh, thanh phd khdng xay dung ke hoach giam TNLD, BNN.
Ciing vdi su tang trudng ve kinh te, su gia tang luc lugng lao ddng va sd doanh nghiep, trong cdng tac AT-VSLD, chiing ta dang phai ddi mat vdi nhi/ng t h a c h t h u c ve s u gia t a n g T N L D , BNN va d nhiem mdi trudng lao ddng. De han che va giam thieu su phat trien bat Igi dd, khdng chi cac dja phuang can quan tam lam tdt cdng tac quan ly Nha nudc ma cdn can ca cac doanh nghiep thuc hien tdt cac qui dinh ve ATVSLO nhu: T d chuc va phan djnh trach nhiem cho cac bd phan trong doanh nghiep (hdi ddng BHLO, bd phan BHLO, bd phan y te, mang ludi an toan - ve sinh vien); To chirc phan cdng trach nhiem den tifng can bd quan ly, can bd chuyen mdn ( q u a n d d c p h a n x u d n g , td"
trudng td san xuat, bd phan ky thuat, bd phan ke hoach, bd phan tai vu, bd phan td chirc...);
Cu ngudi giam sat viec thuc hien cac quy dinh, ndi quy, bien phap ATLD, VSLO trong doanh nghiep; Phdi hgp vdi cdng doan CO sd xay dung va duy tri su hoat ddng cua mang ludi an toan - ve sinh vien.
Phan tich nguyen nhan cac vu TNLD chet ngudi nam 2007 cho thay, nguyen nhan chu yeu la do nhan thirc, y thirc tu giac chap hanh cac qui djnh cua phap luat ve AT-VSLD chua cao. Cd den 35,53% tdng sd vu do ngudi su dLing lao ddng vi p h a m c a c t i e u c h u a n , q u y
chuan ky thuat an toan; Khdng xay dung quy trinh, bien phap lam viec an toan; Khdng huan luyen ve an t o a n lao d d n g , khdng cd phuang tien bao ve ca nhan; Thiet bj khdng dam bao an toan lao ddng. Va 30%
tdng sd vu do ngudi lao ddng vi pham quy trinh, bien phap an toan, khdng s u dung phuong tien bao ve ca nhan.
Qua kiem tra thuc te cdn tha'y, tai nhieu doanh nghiep, Hdi ddng BHLO van chua dugc t h a n h l a p , p h a n c a p t r a c h nhiem trong cdng tac AT-VSLO khdng day du, hoat ddng cdn hinh thirc. Viec td chuc huan luyen ve AT-VSLD cho ngudi s u dung lao ddng, ngudi lao ddng, ngudi lam cdng tac AT-VSLD chua thuc hien. Cdng tac t u kiem tra thuc hien rat han che, chua chi rd cac tdn tai, bien phap khac phuc mac dii thuc te san xuat an chua nguy ca gay tai nan lao ddng. Ket qua xu ly phieu kiem tra ciia thanh tra lao ddng phat den doanh nghiep va qua thanh tra nam 2005 - 2007 cho tha'y, binh quan mdi doanh nghiep cd khoang 3 - 5 sai pham.
Theo sd lieu cua To chuc Lao ddng Qudc te (ILO), mdi nam tren the gidi cd khoang 270 trieu ngudi bi TNLD phai nghi viec it nhait la 3 ngay, trong dd cd 350.000 ca chet n g u d i va k h o a n g 160 t r i e u ngudi mac BNN lam khoang tir 1,7 d e n 2 t r i e u n g u d i c h e t . T N L D , B N N l a m t h i e t h a i khoang 4% GDP cua toan the gidi. Du bao ciia Viet Nam den nam 2010, trong khu vuc cdng nghiep se cd khoang 120-130 n g a n n g u d i bj T N L O / n a m , k h o a n g 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 n g u d i mSc BNN va thiet hai vat chat hang nghin ty ddng/nam neu khdng cd cac bien phap ngan chan, cai thien tdt ve dieu kien lao ddng, mdi trudng lao ddng.
Rd rang, cdng tac AT-VSLO cd tac ddng rat Idn den kinh te
- xa hdi ciia mdi qudc gia va dem lai quyen Igi trudc het cho doanh nghiep, ngudi lao ddng va ban than gia dinh hg. Oieu nay mot lan nua dugc khang d i n h q u a c a c n g h i e n c u u gan day. Mdt nghien ciru tai Ca-na-da cho tha'y, neu dau tu cho cdng tac an toan - ve sinh lao ddng 1 dd la My se thu Igi lai dugc tir 1,5 - 8 dd la My.
Cac nghien ciru ve Igi nhuan thu dugc tir dau t u cho cdng tac AT-VSLO cung dugc tien hanh tai nhieu nudc nhu Due, Trung qudc... va deu da cho nhirng ket qua kha quan tuang irng.
Mdt ket qua nghien cuu tai Cdng ddng chau Au cung cho thay, chi phi true tiep va gian tiep trung binh cho 1 ngudi bj T N L D k h o a n g 2 5 . 0 0 0 EUR nhung neu phdng ngira tdt thi nd cd the dem lai cho ngudi lao ddng khoang 3000 EUR/ ngudi mdi nam. Day la nhii'ng con sd ly tudng neu so sanh vdi mire sdng tren 1 dd la My/ngudi mot ngay ma cac qudc gia dang phan dau trong xoa ddi giam ngheo.
De giam dugc TNLD, BNN, cai thien dieu kien lao ddng, mdi trudng lao ddng, cac dja phuang can phai thuc hien tdt cdng tac quan ly Nha nudc ve AT-VSLO d dja phuong. Ngudi sir dung lao ddng va ngudi lao ddng phai thuc thi cac nghTa vu va trach nhiem da dugc luat phap qui djnh. Dac biet, cac dja phuang can tap trung lam tdt mdt sd van de sau:
1. Xay dung muc tieu bao dam an toan, ve sinh, cai thien dieu kien lao ddng va chii ddng tham gia thuc hien tdt Chuang trinh qudc gia ve BHLO, ATLD, VSLO den nam 2010 da dugc T h i i t u d n g C h i n h phu phe duyet, phan dau dat cac muc tieu de ra. T r a n h tinh trang khdng xay dung ke hoach cho Chuang trinh qudc gia nhu mdt sd tinh hien nay.
So 330 (Ur 1-15/3/2008) - LD & XH
HUUKG linG TUAN
L I Q U O CGIA VE ATVSLD VA PCCC LAN THIT 10
2. Chi dao cac co quan chuc nang cua dja phuang phdi hgp vdi cac Bd. nganh cd lien quan tang cudng cdng tac thanh tra ve AT - VSLO, PCCN d tat ca cac CO sd thudc mgi thanh phan kinh te, tap trung thanh tra cac ITnh vuc xay dung; Lap dat, sua chua va su dung dien; Khai thac khoang san, khai thac da;
Su dung cac thiet bj cd yeu cau n g h i e m ngat ve A T L D ; Cac cdng trinh xay dung trgng diem.
Phdi hop chat che vdi lien doan lao ddng, cac td chirc chinh trj, xa hdi dja phuang td chirc thuc hien tdt cdng tac BHLO.
3. Day manh cdng tac thdng tin, tuyen truyen, huan luyen, nang cao nhan thii'c ATVSLD, PCCN cho ngudi su dung lao d d n g , ngudi lao ddng, nhkm phdng ngifa va han che den muc thap nha't T N L D , BNN, chay nd, dac biet trong cac ITnh vuc cd nhieu yeu td nguy hiem, ddc hai de doa tinh mang, sire khoe n g u d i lao d d n g ; Tang cudng phd bien cac bien phap cai thien dieu kien lao ddng den cac doanh nghiep.
4. Ddn ddc viec thuc hien cdng tac BHLO cua cac doanh
nghiep nhu bd tri can bd lam cdng tac bao hd lao ddng, thuc hien viec tu kiem tra, td chirc huan luyen ATVSLO theo qui djnh ciia phap luat; Chan chinh cdng tac thd'ng ke, bao cao tai nan lao ddng; Tien hanh dieu tra kip thdi, chinh xac cac vu TNLD chet ngudi, su dung hoa chait ddc hai gay anh hudng den mdi trudng.
5. Xu ly nghiem nhifng ca nhan t h i e u tinh t h a n , t r a c h nhiem, vi pham cac qui djnh ATVSLD, PCCN.I
NANG CAO HIEU QUA...
(Tiep theo trang 30) hgc, hgc vien va cac co sd dao tao khac de md cac Idp cao cap ly luan chinh trj, cac Idp bdi dudng kien thirc quan ly hanh chinh, kien thirc nganh, kien thirc hdi nhap kinh te qudc te...
t h e o h u d n g c h u y e n m d n , chuyen nganh, khac phuc tinh trang md Idp tran lan, kem hieu qua.
Mat khac, dao tao, bdi dudng la nham giiip CBCC khac phuc tinh trang hang hut ve trinh do chuyen mdn, quan ly, cap nhat kien thirc dap ung yeu cau cai each hanh chinh, nang cao hieu luc cua bd may quan ly cua cac dan vj thudc Bd; phan dau den nam 2015, 100% CBCC d cac don vi (nam dudi 50 tudi, nu dual 45 tudi) cd trinh do ly luan c h i n h t r i , t r i n h do d a i h g c chuyen mdn nhat d j n h , thuc hien nghiem tiic che do dao tao trudc khi bd nhiem mdi. Ciing voi viec tuyen chgn bd sung cho ddi ngu cdng chuc tir nhung sinh vien tdt nghiep cac trudng dai hgc he chinh qui dat loai kha trd len thudc cac nganh nghe phii hgp yeu cau, can nang cao hon ni/a cdng tac xay dung ke hoach dao tao, bdi dudng. Khi tien hanh dao tao, bdi dudng phai tap trung trang b\ cac ky
nang thuc hanh tir viec phan tich nhu cau xay dung ke hoach den td chuc qua trinh dao tao, kiem tra, danh gia qua trinh dao tao, bdi dudng; Xay dung va hoan thien chuang trinh quan ly sd lieu va bao cao ve ke hoach dao tao, bdi dudng CBCC djnh ky theo mau bieu thdng nhat.
Ngoai ra, cac dan vj chirc nang can ra soat cac van ban phap quy ve dao tao, bdi dudng de dieu chinh, bd sung cho phii hgp vdi thuc tien ti/ng thdi ky, ti/ng giai doan; nghien ciru xay dung nhirng van ban mdi nham hoan thien he thdng the che quan ly dao tao nham giai quyet can ban va thdng nhat nhirng van de dang dat ra trong viec quan ly dao tao CBCC. Ddi vdi cac dan vi cu ngudi di dao tao, bdi dudng thi thii trudng don vi can can nhac ky ludng de lua chgn diing ddi tugng theo nhu cau va kha nang thuc hien cdng viec cua CBCC.
Bd'n la, tang cudng kinh phi dau tu, nang luc co sd vat chat, nhan luc cho dao tao, bdi dudng CBCC. Chinh phu da cd Nghi dinh sd 186/2007/ND-CP ngay 25/12/2007 qui dinh chirc nang, nhiem vu va co cau td chirc cua Bd lao ddng - Thuang binh va Xa hdi trong dd cd trudng dao tao, bdi dudng can bd Lao ddng - Xa hdi. Tuy nhien, de co sd
dao tao, bdi dudng nay di vao hoat ddng dn djnh thi cac dan vj chLfc nang t h u d c Bd can chuan bj xay dung ca sd vat chat nhu phdng lam viec, hdi trudng, giang dudng, ddi ngu giang vien... va thanh lap trudng dao tao, bdi dudng CBCC khi cd du cac dieu kien de co sd dao tao nay phat trien dap ung yeu cau dao tao bdi dudng CBCC cua Bd nganh. Ve kinh phi, can cd qui djnh ti le trich tir ngan sach Nha nudc thich dang cho dao tao, bdi dudng. Viec huy d d n g cac ngudn khac ngoai ngan sach cho dao tao, bdi dudng la rait can thiet. Vi vay can cd chii truang rd rang va qui djnh thdng nhat, dua tren nhu cau dao tao, bdi dudng CBCC va dieu kien thuc te ve viec thu hilt, quan ly va su dung cd hieu qua ngudn kinh phi nay.
Trong dieu kien ddi ngu can bd, cdng chuc dang thieu nhirng chuyen gia gidi, nhii'ng ngudi cd the dam nhan cac cdng tac khd va mdi thi ca sd dao tao nen mdi, thu hut ngudi tai, mat khac can cd nhi/ng dai ngd thoa dang ddi vdi CBCC dugc di dao tao da dat thanh tich xuat sac trong hgc tap, nhu de bat ngay sau khi tdt nghiep khoa dao tao, tao dieu kien de phat trien cao han cho dpi ngu nay.l
