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S 6 7-2016NANG CAO KHA NANG CiM THU AM NHAC C H O M M A M NON THONG QUA CACTRO CHOI AM NHAC
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Doi vdi tre rafii giio (MG), viec lira quen vdi fin nhac tiiong qua ti6 chui (TQ Ii mpt biln phip hflu hi|u nhit TC da trd tiifiih phflong tioi d l dem d&i cho tre cic y&i t l dien t i cua n ^ tiiuat sinh dpng, cd tic dyng manh me nhflng iai din vPi tre mpt d c h nh?
nhang thofi mfi Hi?n nay TC im nhac ( T C A N ) dflpc coi la mpt tmng eac hinh thdc van dpng theo nhac cda diflfli^ trinh giao dye am nhac mfin non (MN), co vai trd quan trpng gii^ tri hiyln tai nghe nhac cung co ea hat, tao d m pac nhjp ffi|u, phfi triln nlng khilu am nhac. Cic ylu to dp gdp { M l llm cho tri cfin thy Im nhac mpt cadi tot nhlt Vi v?y, bfi viet d l c ^ dIh van de "Nlng cao ktii nang cam thy im nhae cho tre MN diong qua d c TCAN".
2.N0lDUNGNGHlgNC0U 2.1. Y nghia cua TCAN doi vfl5 tre MN
Troi^ trdPng MN, hoat dpi^ vui chert cung d c TC, do dioi v i d c luat ehoi luon co trong sinh hoat eda t r i Trong chfldng trinh gilo dye amnliac cho tie cac dp tuoi, T C A N li dang hoat i ^ i ^ am nhac tflong d& t l i ^ hpp, cd sfl dyng tfi d d c dang boat dpng im nhae kbac nhfl:
Ca hat, van dpng theo nhac, nhiy mda, nghe nhac... dfldi nhili^ hlnh tilde hi^ dan, vfla sflc va dflpc tre rfi ylu thich.
Die trflng c(J ban nhfi eua T C A N la fin nhac quyS djnh tinh chat, npi dung cic hoat dpng. Diy dflpc coi Ii hlnh thdc hoat dpi^ sing tao, tich cflc nhfi de thl lii|n npi dung d m xde Im nti^c dfldi d e d^ng v|n dpng :dy dflng hinh tflpng... TCAN chinh 11 nhfli^ hoat dQOg vui dvH, trfi i ^ e m vi thu nhan kien thdc Id n i i ^ thflc hinh Im nliac dio tie MN. TC vfla la tiinh tiidc i36ng thdi II bi|n phj^
^i^) tri MN thunhfii, tich luy, thfle hanh Id ning hinh ttiinh bi tiiflc vi kinh i ^ | m hoat dpng im nhac. Nhfl v^y vdi moi TCAN bao gid d j i ^ tiao gim hai yeu to kit hdp chit die vi u'ch hpp vdi nhau khoi^
thl chia tach, cac npi dung vi yeu d u chcA ludn dflpc thl lii|n qua ylu d u vl ki ning thflc hinh am nhac Hay ed thl noi, nPl dung vi ylu d u thfle hanh ki nang Im nhae se luon quyet djnh tinh chat va hinh dpng eua TC.
T C A N gidp cung d p mP rpng fii tflpng khfi ni|m vi cfin xde vdi Im nhac ding tiiPl gifi quylt d c nhi?m vu, yeu d u eu the ve ntifii tilde rin tuy|n, eung co ki nang thfle hinh am nhac Do do, muc dich, yeu cau, nhiem vy, hanh dpng chdi, lult chert, qui trinh chcfi deu phfi ton trpng nhdng die trflr^ thinh to, tinh tham mi'cda n ^ l thuit fin nhac can cd vao khi nlng thflc hinh eua til, ben canh viec dam bao d c dilu ld|n vl i^flong ti|n, tiiilt bj CO s6 vat chfi va an toin vPi tie.
2.2, Vai tro cua TCAN doi vdi tre MN
2J.1. Phdt triin khd ndng^i nhdco chd ^nh kiht thdcdmnhqc KM choi TC tre l)fi dau hinh thanh chu y ra ghi nhd CO chu $ntL
ThSulAITlflHA Trddng Dai hpc H&^iEMc
Trln cd sd do tre bilt tap trung dilu khiai sfl did y vao dm tUdng nlai djnh d l d ^ dflpc myc dfch trong T C Tri bilt dilu khim khi nang^
nhd cda minh vio doi tupng quan trpng d l hoin tiiinh nhipn vu,w trd trong Idii choi
Td d|e dion nay khi chdi TC co sfl xufi tiiln cua nhiing ky hipi Im nhac, Idln thdc Im ntiac so ^ nln GV d n dfi ra nhi&n VIJ 10 r i i ^ dio tre nhfl ehu y, ghi ntid nhflng ky tiieu am nliac nfi), di dSi*
nhilm vy li fulfil difldr^ eho tri. Vdi bin ning ham di<fi, tiikii&lijt khen, dflpc tiifldng cung vpj khi nang dni ^. ^ obof d chu ^ A CO cua tre se giflp ehdng hoan thanh nhipn vy tiqj thu lain tilde am nhac m i GV ^ao cho mot each d l d i n g
2JJ.G6pphanpbdttiiinkhdndngnueutdcdckfhiaidmtdm bdngngin ngQ cua tre
Khi tiiam gia TC vdi d c bgn, tti bfi bupc phai diing ngln ngO de dien dat y eua minh vi mong muon eua hin thin trtH^TC Td dl tre se hinh tiianh vi [Jiit tiien Wii ning mieu ta nhiii^ k^ hi|u fin nhac troi^ TC va tre cd till trinh biy Idifi ni|m ira nliac da dflpc hpc bai^
ngdn ngd cda bin thaa
12.3. Thuc ddy sUphdt triin cdc thao tdc tli di^
Khi TC ddpc tiiiet ke gin liln vdi nhflng khfi ni|m, 1^ liieu am nli9c thl trong qui trinh choi bfi bupc tre phfi suy D ^ hlnh din^
hlPi^ tflpng vl nhflng ky hilu da dflpc nhin triS, 0d nhP, dongtiicii tri cung d n suy nghi de tam sao thflc hi|n ddpe d c hinh dpng, y&i d u . Id ning didi nhanh v i dung n t ^
2.2.4. l^Aich tinh diu ddng, tich cOcdgcldp dtii Khi tiiam gia T C A N , tri ddpe kich diidi vfii d m ^ tfi d d c gik quan, phit triln d m gilc tti gilc did ]i; tfl duy tri nhd cung nhflfirii d m vi kinh ngJii^m, d e raoi quan he tfldng tie viS i^ifPi va s^i^
xung quanh. Tfl do sc lira dip tre trd nen tich cflc hdn Hii nhan bifi kiln thdc fin nhac mcA. ^ ^ ngay Idii tham gia vio d c T C sflbdif did, plifii khich se kliiln tre chu dpng, dpc % \ tich cflc tham gia vU vai tro d nhin hoac gin kit vdi nhPm t»n trong Idii chdi 3. CAC DANG TCAN 6 TRUCfNG MN
3.1. Loai TC vdi hit
TC vdi hit dflpc phit trim d nhflng tie co hdi^tiiu vffibat vcSam nhac giao due tai i ^ e ntiac tri nhd fin nhgc, cfin gilc nhgi ^ cung CO gipng hfi va gidp tri bilt t h l hiln npi dur^ fin ntuc
- Nhom nhd tie: TCAN d nha tre vi MG b l di&i ra nra dnu^ li do GV hat Tri vda hit theo vda l«t h^^ vcfi nhflng van dpng nh?
nhing.. .Cae bfi hit d u i ^ eho TC cua tre nhd nen ngan, ddn ^ Wdu: Khi GV day bfi hit "Doin tiu nhd xiu" till cho til xq) hinft chgy vdng quanh tiieo IPi bai hfi.
- Nhom tre MG: Bli hit cho TC d d c nhdm MG d o dflpc bpc tiiupc tfl ttflPc GV nen d l 0:1 tfl suy nghi ra d c dpng tie phu hap theo ldi bfi hit, tinh dilt Ira nhac Nlu tre k h l i ^ Ifin dflpc GV mfi
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d u din d c h lim, song Idling ddi hdi trS jdifi bit chfldc y h | t TVong TC vdi hfi, GV hfii nhfl khong llm dpng tic mfii, chi nln gifi tiiich, cho tri xem ttanh minh hpa vk blng d c bi|n p t i ^ khae gidp tti tfl nglu ra hlnh dpng
3.2. Lo?i TC vdi raua v i h i t
TC vdi mfla vl hat giflp tri till h i ^ tinh d m , npi dung Im nh^e vkliAcz.
- Nhom rdid tre: Doi vdi toai TC niy, GV vda hit, vda mda eho tii xem 11 chu ylu hay cd t h l phln cho trf vfi phy hpa vdi d c vfii dpng ddn giln (dli vpi tre 2-3 tuoi).
VI du: Khi D^y bfi hfi " ^ t con vjt", GV vda hat, vfla mda vi cho tri bit chfldc d l raua thea
- Midtti tre MG: GV nen gpi y d l tri nhd tai nhflng dpng tic mda hay van dpng theo nhac d l hpc sd dyng phd hpp vio TC, khuyln khich tri b,! nghl ra d c dpng tic phu hpp vdi bfi hat
3.3. T C A N - K l chuyen
Lofi TC niy chilm vj tri ldn trong trfldng MN. Trang dd, cic dang hogt dpng am nhae nhfl: Mua, vfii dpng theo nhac hit, nghe nhgc ddpc sd dyng rpng rai. Day co thl la nhflng cot tmy|n ddn giin, npi dung gin vcd khfi nilm i m nhgc cd bfii, tilnh ttifiih thoi quen chfin did ting nghe, phit triln thinh giic cung ap nhflng bieu tflpng trflc quan vl d e phddng ti|n dim ta Im nhgc cd bin nhU: eao dp, trflPng d^... Ngofi ra, diuyln k l phfi that ngin gpn, ddn giin, dl hilu d l fre de nhd {aiu biet sd dung nliac cy, GV kit h ^ d|m eho tinh tilt chuyln tiilm hip dfii). Cic bfi hit dflpc xem 11 mpt phan cua diuyln, ddpc till Men tiieo trinh hf d u diuy|n. Khi hpe loi ehuy|n trong T Q GV khong nln bfi t i l nhd hinh dpng, dUa ra mau sin m i nln dpng viln, gpi y d l tre tfl thl tii|n theo d d i n ^ rilng.
3.4. TC vdi nhac cu
TC vdt ntigc eytdid day d tre khi nfi^ sing tgo va boat dpng dpc tap.
Tre hpc d ^ eho bfi hfi cda nunh, cua d c ban hlng tilt tau ddn giln.
Nhom nhi tte v l MG be chfla ed khi n l i ^ chdi vdi nhgc cy nln GV d n chuin bj dio tte nhflng bfi tip dim nhfl; Vo tay, dfin chin ttieo nhjp. Tfl MG nhP hpc ehdi vdi nhgc cu go, t i c . • • d?m cho bfi hit theo ntiip, phich vdi am hlnh tilt tau ddn giaa B l MGldn cd thl hpc d|ra theo tilt llu phdc tgp h d a Vi vay, Idii dgy tre chdi m l i loai nhac cy, GV nin tiidc hl?n tiieo cAc bddc - Gidi thi|u nhgc cy, Im thanh cda nhgc ci^ - Gpi tin nliae cy v l cho tti lira quen vPi nhae cy; - Hddng din d c h d m , each gd dyng cy am nhgq - Cho tti t|p dim theo d c bfi tiri da vo tay d tilt hpc UiiPc; - Theo dpi, khuyln khich vi sda chfla d c h choi eda tti. Khi ti:! tiiinh tiigo, c6 tiiltl ehflc T C "Bilu diln"
Vidu: Cho tre dPi^ vai d e "Ca sj^' vi "Nligc cong"
4 . N A N G CAO K H A N A N G C A M THV A M N H A C CHO m t MN THdNG QUA T C A N
D l t l ehflc T C A N cho tii GV can phfi lfla ehpn TC phd hpp vPi trinh dp nhfii tiiflc khi nang tilp nhfii ciia til. Sau diy, chdng tdi trinhbiy mpt sdTC giup tre rin ky nlng ea hit nhlm nang cao hdn nda khi n l i ^ cam thy fin nhgc d tti
4.1, TC "Hit theo hinh v?"
TC ^ p tri phit triln khi nang quan sit, phln tfch, so sanh. Td dd, phfi triln nang Iflc tfl duy d ttt
Chudn bi: Ti-anh ve nii dung cdc bdi hdt
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Cddi chdi: G V cp d e ttanh nho ve mP phpng y n ^ npi dung bfi h i t "Hoa bl ngoan", "Nhflng khuc nhgc hlng", "Sip dIh tlt rli" "Mda xuln d a i roi",... (tuy thupe vko npi dung gid hpc ma GV ehpn tranh ve phu hpp vdi npi dung bai hit). Sau do tiing tre lln rut tianh, noi hliJi ve tddi^ dng vdi bfi hit nio till nPi tin bfi hit, tie gil vi hit bfi hfi dp did d ldp edng nghe. Khi tti khdng nhln ra dflpc bfi hfi sl ddpc GV gpi f hogc gidi thi?u tin bfi hit. tin tic gil vl dpng viln tii hat Tre cung cd thl mdi mpt vfi ban Iln cdng hit hogc rada minh hog hay go d|m eho nUnh h i t Hit xong, tti se dflpc giPi thj?u mpt ban khic lln tilp tye chdi
4.2. TC "Tiing h i t d d a u ? "
TC giup tri phfi triln thinh giac khi ning ehu y va djnh hddng trong khdng gian cfla tri.
Cdch didi: Mdt tii dUng^Ua ldp ddi mQ che kin mdt hoac ddng bdng vdi bit mat Mdt hoac 2 tre dtidc chl ^tnh hdt Tre ddng d gida ldp bi bit mdtkbongnhin d\dy bqn hdtnhungn^e, dilvihUdngco tienghdt vd noi ten ngUdi hM. Khi chdi dd thdnh thao, GV cho tri didi vd ndng cao yeu cdu bdng cddi cho tri dii t^ vihUdng ai tieng hdt vd ndi tin ngUdi hdt, niu ndi dung cd ldp v6 tay, noi sai se nhdy Id cd hodc phdi hdt 1 bii
4.3. TC: "Tai ai thinh"
TC tao cho tti sfl t ^ trung chd y ting nghe Im thanh cda d e nhgc eu khic nhau vi tri hdng tiiu ddpe khfin phi, trfi nghi|m d c nhgc cu
Chudn bt: Mpt so nhac cu Im nhgc nhfl sau: Dan organ l)lng dd chdi di|n tfl. kim nhfla, kin h&sig vd 6 c phich go bang tre, bfiig vP ngheu, din gd blng ti^ trraig go bing lon, qui blu kh^...
Cdch didi: Tri ngjie v i phan bi|t i m thanh ciia d e nhgc cy. GV gidi thieu cho tii bilt tflng toai nhgc cu va im tiianh ciia ckc Iogi dd nhfl: + GV chdi din oigan vi ndi cho tti bilt dP l i tier^ din oigan; + GV thoi ken bfiig nhi^a ™ cho tti bilt do li tilng ken bang nhfla; + GV go phich bfiig tre v i eho tri bill dd li tieng go bang phich tre,...
Sau khi giiS thi|u hit d c togi nhgc cy. G V lan Iflpt dinh dan, go cac loai nhac cy cho tte vfla nghe, vda xem vl hdi tte tiaig nhgc cy ^ ? Khi tri d l quen, GV eho tti ngli khong nhm thay nhac cu, sau dP dinh dan, go, thli dc lofi nhac cu vl hoi xem txi nhan bilt dflpc fin thanh eiia logi nhgc cy nio. Sau dd eho tre ehia Ifin 2 dpi v i thi dua. Nlu dpi nao dofii sfi phfi hat rapt bfi theo yeu d u cua dpi doan dung. Nlu doin ddng se ddpc khfin phi, trfi nghi|m vdi nhac cy do,
4.4. TC "Nghe thiu hfi t i f
TC ^ 1 ^ tti nhanh nli?n. linh hogt, tiaiyin tin cho bgn, C^iudn bi: Mpt so d u hat trong bfi hit P ehfldt^ trinh m i tri da thupe, Cdch chdi- Ttiinh vien thd nhat cda 2 dpi ra ngofi Idp, GV noi tiiim vio tai tdng tti dai diln cda 2 dpi mpt d u hat giong nhau Sau dd 2 ti'e cd trieh nhi|ra ehay vl dpi eda minh v i noi lgi d u hat dp cho ban thfl 2, bgn thfl 2 ndi tiifin vio tfi eho ban thfl 3,...'S^ cd the tilp tue cho din tri cull cung cua dpi lln hit lai d u hit dd. Nlu dpi nio hfi dung vi nhanh hdn se t h l i ^ cupc
4.4. TC: "Giai d i ^ t h i n queif
TC niy gidp tii edng co lain thfle vl tin bfi hit, gifi dilu bfi hit da hpc, ding thpi tgo dio b l sfl tip trung ehd f ling nghe vi nhanh n h ^ , Imh hoat, tri ldi rd r i n g dilnh xic tin bfi h i t
Chudn hi: Bing nhac ed bfi h i t ttong ehddng trinh m l tri da ddpc h p c
Cddi chdi: GV md dfi cho tte nghe ^fi dilu bfi hit, 2 dpi rung chuong giinh quyln tri Idi bing d c h ndi rd tin bfi hat vda nghe. Neu
(Xem tiip trang40)
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^diu bi mit din di, dd la thii dd cua ngtidi d d i mgn^5.
Cdng tic giao dye, xly dyng van hda hpc dtfdng cho hpc sinh muon dgt ket qui cao vi vflng chle, d n ting ctfdng giio dye, ren luy|n dao dflc cho hpc sinh, kit hpp chgt che giiia xay vl ehor^ lay xly 11 dunh. Xly la xay dyng, giio dye, bdi dtidng cho hpc sinh ttf ttfdng chinh tli yiiDg ving, trong sing vl dao dflc, linh mgnh troi^
quan he ldi sdng. Chdng la phli cd thii dp kiln quylt trong phdng, ehdr^ ngan ngtfa khdng de xly ra nhflng hi|n ttfpng tilu ctfc tror^ hpe tip, rin Iuy|n vi quan h | xahpL
Ben cgch do, phlt trien van hda hpc dtfdng hi|n nay phai hinh thinh thdi quen sfl dyng ngdn ngfl hpe dtfdng cho moi hpe sinh. Bdi Ie, nhln tfl gdc dd vin hda thi ngdn ngfl Iz mpt ttong nhflng ed sd dinh gil trinh dp phlt triln cua xi hpi, ciia quoc gia, din tpc. Trinh dp nhgn thdc cua mdi hpc sinh thupe Idp tri thdc tticmg lai the hi|n trtfdc tiln d stf phit triln ngdn ngfl cua hpc sinh. Hp cd stf ti^ thu, ^ o thoa vdi nhieu Idp i ^ d i , do dd ngdn ngfl cda hp da dgng, phong phd; ddng thdi thtf di^ xuyen tao ra ngdn ngfl mdi, ngdn ngfl ndi^ Vi vly, hpc sinh phii dtipc ren luyen thtfdng xuyin, kiln tri, biet tgo dyng, lya chpn bang dtfpc thdi quen sfl dyng i^dn ngfl hpe dtfdng. Ndi dch khie, djnh htfdng gii trj dyng ngdn ngfl hpe dtfdng li eo sd nln ting dgo ddc dl moi hpc sinh ^ c dinh gid tti cupe sdng cho bin tiian;
dong thdi lya ehong nhflng phtfdng ti|n de thtfc hiln nhili^ myc dfch ay.
T A I UEU THAM KHAO
1. Diag Cpng sin Vi|t Nam, Van ki|n Dgi hpi XII (2016), Nxb Chinh tii Quoc gia, tr. 296.
2.3. Hd Chi Muih, Toln tgp, T|p 5 (2000), Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, tt. 708.
4. Ho Chi Minh, Toin ts^), Tap 8 (2000), Nxb Chfnh tri Qude gja, tt. 449.
5. Hd Chi Mmh Toln tip, T5p I (2000), Nxb Chfnh trj Quoegia,tt.208.
6. Ho Chi Mmh Toln tap, T ^ 12 (2000). Nxb Chmh trj Qudc gia, tt. 558.
SUMMARY
School culture development is the objective requirements; is content, is a important measures to improvethe quality ofeducationalithetime. For shidents, the ^ndard values to be put on the top of their hierarchy of values. School culture mu^ be concerned educate through practical activities; good teaching associated with good learning, implementing educational goals, both "red" and "expert" as Uncle Ho's teachings. So secondary schools need to implement propaganda ami education to raise a w areness of developing school culture which is the basic factor determines the quality and effectiveness of training today.
Keywords: Culture school; development of culture school.
Si5 7-2016 D g l / K l U i p C
NANG CAO KHA NANG...
(Ti^ Aeo trang 27)
fri lifl dung mdi tri trong d$i dtipc tang mdt bflng boa, nlu til lcfi sai quyo!
tri ldi thupe vl dpi bgn
IKfTLUANCd thl noi, gilo dye Im nhac II rapt trong nhiing con dtfdng boan diien
^ 0 dde, trf tu?, tham mi vi flie lyc Gop phan hinh thlnh vi jAat ineD toin di|n nhln each fri Nhgn thflc ddng din va slu sk tic dyr^ gHo (k toin di|n ciia Im nhgc dli vdi bl MG 11 dilu can fliilt de tiln hlnh ^vi|c gilo dye Im nhgc cho dc dim Tbdr^ qua TCAN, tre se f^ trien 6jot Idil nli^ dm diy Im nhgc, tti d6 nlng cao hi|u qui hpc nhgc cua tie MN.
TAI U|U THAM KHAO
L Hdng Van ^ (2005), Tre m«n non Cfl Aflt NXB Am n h ^ ffi NB.
2. Pham Tu Htiong (1995), LjJ thuyit dm nhac cd bdn, NXB Gilo doc, HaNpi
3. Hoir^\^ Koi (2004), HUdngddn dak hiin Ou&ing tiinh giiw due Am nhqcmdugido, Vii Gilo dye I^^m non, NXB Am nhgc HiN^
4. Ngo Nam (dm biln), (1993), Am nhac vd phUdngph^ ffdo due Aa nhac (tap 2), NXB Giao dye Hi N^L
SUMMARY
