ITfi'NGQUftK&HGKtENCllUI
Tim hidu viec khuyg'n khich su* dung bao cao su cho vi thanh nien va thanh nidn tai mot so'
quoc gia tr§n thd'gidi
Tran Thi Thu Hrfcftig (*)
Xudt phdl ttf nhifng hqn chi vi quan diim stf dung bao cao su cung nhU nhtfng rdo cdn trong viec tii'p cdn stf dting bao cao su cua vi thdnh niin vd thanh niin Vift nam. bdng phucmg phdp tdng quan ldi liiu ttf cdc tqp chi chuyin ngdnh d nUdc ngodi, bdi bdo dd di sdu tim hiiu vd phdn tich vifc khuye'n khich stfdung bao cao su cho vi thdnh nien vd thanh nien tqi mdt sdqudc gia trin thi gidi nham giiip nhtfng nhd qudn ly, nhtfng nhd hoach dinh chinh sdch cung nhucdc cdn bd hoqt ddng trong ITnh vuc stfc khde sinh sdn vd kihoqch hda gia dinh tqi Viet nam cd dugc nhtfng cdch nhin nhan vd cdc cdch tii'p cqn mdi trong viec khuye'n khich stfdung bao cao su cho vi thdnh nien vd thanh niin Viit nam.
Cdc ndi dung md bdi bdo khai thdc hao gom cdc quan diim tich ctfc ve viec stf dung bao cao su, cdc lUu y khi dqt ra cdc Uu lien trong muc dich stf dung bao cao su, cdc ly do ldm cho viic sd: dung bao cao su trd thdnh mgt van hda ctia ltfa tudi vf thdnh niin vd thanh niin, vd cudi cUng Id viic Idm sao cho gidi tri cd thi tiip can dugc bao cao su mdt cdch di ddng nhd't.
Ttf khda: Bao cao su, stf dung bao cao su, khuye'n khich. ihanh niin vd vi thdnh niin, quan hf llnh due.
Understanding condom use promotion for adolescents and youth in some countries
around the world
Tran Thi Thu Huong (*)
Based on limitations of Vietnamese adolescents and youth in their perspective for condom use and barriers in getting access to condom use, and by utilizing the literature review of foreign professional journals, monographs, this study provides the findings and analysis of condom use promotion among
adolescents and youth in some countries around the world. Il also aims to help managers. policy- Tap chi Y tfi' Cdng cpng, 3.2013, Sd 27 (27) 43
ITli'NGIIIIAH&NeHIlNCUUI
"Uikers and activists in reproductive health and family planning field in Viet Nam acquire the updated lews and approaches in promoting condom use for Vietnamese adolescents and youth. Contents explored in the article cover positive perspectives on condom use, attentions to be taken when P loritizing the condom use objectives or goals, rationales in making condom use a culture for oiescents and youth, and finally how lo provide the most convenieni access to condom for the young people.
) words: condom, condom use, promotion, adolescents and youth, sexual activities.
T i c gii
ThS TrSn Thi Thu Hudng: Khoa NghiSn crfu Dan so Phit trien, Vifn Chien lifdc v i Chinh sich Y te.
Difn thoai: 84-4-8 232448. E.mail: [email protected]
1. D$t vd'n d^
Vi t h i n h nifin (VTN) v i thanh mfin (TN) chie'm 2 5 % tdng dan so' d Vifit Nam va drfdc coi l i Irfc lrfdng lao d d n g chinh cho hifin tai va trfdng lai cua da't ntfdc, T h e o Dieu tra Qud'c gia ve VTN va TN Viet N a m , ty lfi quan h ? tinh due trrfdc hon n h i n Iang trf7.6% n a m 2 0 0 3 [1] Ifin 9 . 5 % n a m 2008 [2].
Nguyen n h i n cho vific gia tang q u a n hfi tinh due trrfdc hdn nhan da drfdc chi ra trong c i c nghien crfu v i c i c k h i o s i t nhrf; tudi d l y thi sdm hdn nhrfng tudi hdn n h i n lai muOn bdn. V T N va T N cd quan d i ^ m hifin dai ve quan h e ttnh due trrfdc hdn n h i n do anh hrfdng cua internet, phim a n h va a m nhac hifin dai...
Vl v i y , ne'u coi quan hfi trrfdc hdn n h a n la kfi't qua cua c i c n h i n id k h i c h quan thi vl'n dd dat ra l i : q u a n he dd cd an toan khdng? Lieu b p cd tidp can v i srf dung c i c bien p h i p d e phong t r i n h cd thai cung nhrf c i c bfinh I l y t r u y i n qua dtfdng tinh due va H I V / A I D S ? Tuy nhien, hifin nay Vifit Nam la mdt trong nhffng nrfdc cd s d c a p h i thai cao d chau A va drfng thrf 5 trfin thfi" gidi vi so Itfdng ca p h i thai.
Dieu d i n g ndi la VTN va T N chie'm tdi khoang 20- 3 0 % cua td'ng so'ca p h i thai. Thtfc t e ' n i y d | t ra cho chung ta nhu cau tim hieu vi thtfc trang cua vific tie'p can v i srf dung c i c bifin p h i p tranh thai cua VTN va TN d^ trf dd 6i xua'l c i c giai p h i p n h l m
girfp TN va V T N cd quan he tinh due an loan, giam ty le pha thai cung nhrf cac bfinh I l y truyen qua drfdng tmh due v i HIV/AIDS,
Hien nay, trong c i c bien p b a p t r i n h thai thi bao cao su l i phrfdng tien I r i n h thai drfdc TN bie'l dfi'n n h i e u nhl't ( 9 5 % TN bie't den bao cao cu trong SAVY 2) va n g o i i k h a nang tranh Ihai nd cdn phdng ngrfa c i c b e n h lay qua drfdng tinb due, HIV/AIDS.
T h e o kfi't qua dieu tra Irf SAVY 1 de'n SAVY 2, tuy da cd srf chuyen bien v e bieu bifi't v i thai do cua tbanh nien va VTN v e vific srf dung bao cao su, cu the la ty le n a m nff cho rang dung bao cao su lam giam khoai c a m tinh due da giam m a n h trf SAVY 1 dfi'n SAVY 2, mrfc giam trfdng rfng l i trf 7 6 % xudng 4 5 % do'i vdi nam, va lrf 76% xudng 6 4 % so vdi nff.
Tuy nhien van cdn nhieu tdn tai trong quan di^m v^
vific srf dting bao cao su ciing nhrf cac rao can cho viec tie'p can bao c a o su cua TN va VTN tai Viet N a m . Nhffng trd n g a i drfdc TN n e u nhieu nhl't cd lifin quan de'n dinh kie'n cd tinh dao drfc cua xa hdi nhtfcam giac e ngai, xau hd, hay hi ngtfdi k h i c thay cbo la viec khdng drfng dan (SAVY 2).
Chinh vi vay, vific tim hieu v e quan difi'm cung nhtf nhffng each thrfc trong viec khuyfi'n khicb srf d u n g bao cao su cho gidi tre tai c i c nrfdc k h i c trfin the gidi la can thifi't cho Vifit N a m Irong tinh hinh
Tap chi Y tfi' Cfing cfing, 3.2013, Sd 27 (27)
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hifin nay. Bang phrfdng phap tdng quan tai lieu, cu the la tap hdp, phin tich cic tai heu da drfdc xul't ban tren cac tap chi nrfdc ngoai chuyfin ve srfc khde sinh san va kfi' hoach hda gia dinb, bai bio se cung ca'p cho ddc gia nhffng cich nhin nhan mdi cung nhrf nhrfng kinh nghiem hay ciia mdt sdqudc gia trfin the"
gidi trong viec khuye'n khicb gidi tre tang crfdng srf dung bao cao su.
1. Quan difi'm v^ vi#c si^ diing bao cao su: ndi
"Cd " vdi bao cao su va "Khdng" vdi " Srf ki^m chfi'trong tinh due" [3]
Day cung chinh la nban de cua bii vie't ciia nha bifin tap Marge Berer trong tap chi "Reproductive Health matters" (drfdc dich li "Nhffng van de ve Srfc khde sinb sin"). Tic gii da chi Irich chinh sach giao due khuye^n khich "srf kiem che^Irong tinh ditc"
ddi vdi gidi Ire ma theo y kien cua tac gia dieu dd cd ngu f mang Iinh hy sinb vi tdn giao, di ngrfdc lai mong mud'n UT nbien ciia con ngrfdi. Theo y kie^n ciia tic gia thi viec can va nen lam chinh la viec hrfdng dan gidi tre cd quan he tinb due an toin, vi phrfdng tien hffu hifiu de cd the thrfc hifin drfdc dieu nay chinh la bao cao su,
Nhrfng \f luan vi bang chrfng cho vific can thiet srf dung bao cao su drfi^c tic gia drfa ra bao gdm:
- Viec srf dung bao cao su thrfdng xuyfin mang lai hifiu qua cao, vi du nhrf mdt phan ticb tdng hdp [4] di chi ra rang, irong so nhffng ngrfdi tham gia nghifin crfu cd srf dung bao cao su thtfdng xuyen thi con so'rfdc tinh mac HIV/AIDS ch! li <1 ngrfdi trong 100 ngtfdi tren 1 nam. Trong khi dd dd'i vdi sdnhffng ngrfdi chrfa bao gid srf dung bao cao su thi con sd niy li 6,7%. Ndi cich khic, ddi vdi nhffng ngrfdi dang cd quan hfi tinh due, vific srf dting bao cao su thrfdng xuyen cho mdi l^n giao hcJp se raang lai srf an loan Irong viec phdng chdng HIV gap 7 lan so vdi vific khdng srf dung.
- Nhffng ngrfdi ling hd cho "stf kilm chfi" trong tinh due" cd the lap luan rang: ne'u bao cao su la bieu qua thi tai sao dai dich HIV vln tifi'p tuc lan rdng? Tic gia cung da drfa ra l|p tuin rang kbdng phai tl't ca moi ngrfdi dang cd nguy cd lay nhifim HIV cd srf dung bao cao su hoac srfdung bao cao su thrfdng xuyfin vi vl vay cdn rat nhieu viec phai lim de cd the' giiip ho lim drfdc dilu dd.
- Phan nan ldn nhat ve bao cao su dd la viec giam khoii cam. Tic gia da khing dinh rang tuy dieu dd li diing nhutag va'n de cbinh la nfi'u d^ dieu
nay bie'n thinh mpt dinh kien thi se mang lai mdt anh hrfdng xaii. Ta't ca nhffng bang chrfng chi ra rang nhffng tic dpng tieu crfc cua vific srf dung bao cao su lifin quan den vific giam khoii cam deu khdi phit lien quan de'n trai nghiem trrfdc khi srf dung bao cao su.
2. Khoai cam va viec phong nguTa trong quan h$ tinh due [5]
Chrfdng trlnb giao dtic srfc khde tinh due thtfdng li'y stf quan ngai vl nhffng rtii ro ve benh tat de thrfc day mpi ngrfdi thrfc hanh tinh due an loan. Dieu nay dtfa ra mdt an ttfdng rang tmh due an loan vi tinh due cd khoii cim la ticb rdi nhau. Tuy nhifin, cd mot bang chrfng ngay cing ro la ihiic day tinh due cd khoai cam cd th^ dan tdi stf gia ting vific srf dung Ihtfdng xuyen bao cao su vi cic phtfdng phip khic crfa tinh due an loan, Ve van dl niy, thing 12 nam 2(K)4 dtf an "Khoai cim trong tinh due" ke't hdp vdi td chrfc CARE (Campuchia) da tao ra khda hgc cd ten: "Tinb due, Tinh due an toan, Khoai cam trong tinh due" tai Campuchia nham tim ra nhffng cich thrfc pbdng ngrfa HIV, lim cho tinh due trd nen vffa an loan vffa dem lai khoii cam. De tao dilu kifin cho khda hpc, da cd mot tii lieu drfdc long hdp trf nhffng drf in cua nhrfng td chrfc trfin thfi' gidi dat khoii cam len trtfdc Irong vific phdng chdng HIV, tang crfdng srfc khde tinh due, vi chii trpng cic phrfdng lien nham kheu gdi tinb dtic cd bao gdm tinh due an toin. Drfa trfin nhffng phat hifin cua nhffng tai lieu Irfin va cac ngudn tai lieu thich hdp khic, nhdm tic gia da drfa ra hrfdng din (thu Itfdm drfdc trf nhffng ke't qua dat drfdc tff vific khuyen khich srf dung bao cao su eho ca nam gidi vi pbu nff) cho nhffng ngrfdi lam trong ITnh vrfc giio due srfc khde tinh due nham lam tang crfdng vific srf dung bao cao su va dam bao linh due td't hcfn va an toin hdn.
Bat diu vdi quan di^m hifin thrfc vl tai sao mpi ngtfdi lai cd quan hfi tinh due: dilu niy yfiu cau thong diep trung Ihrfc va Ihang than giup moi ngrfdi cd tinh due tdt hdn va an loan hdn
Cd drfdc phan hdi vi ldi khuyfin trf ddi trfdng ngrfdi dtfdc giio due: khoai cam va srf Ichfiu gdi trong tinh due thrfdng mang anh hrfdng trf die trrfng vin hda, vi viy dieu quan trpng l i tao ra khoii cim cd nhl^n manh ve vific phdng chd'ng HIV phil hdp vdi nhu cau va mong mudn cua nhdra dd'i trfdng can
Tap chi Y ti Cdng cdng, 3.2013, Sd 27 (27) 45
CDBI
giao liep. Thong thrfdng chinh ban than hp eung cd nhrfng y trfdng sing tao rieng lim tang crfdng sir hap din cua bao cao su va ting crfdng tinh bao ve cua bao eao su.
Tao ra srf thoai mai khi ndi ve chii de tinh dtic vi khoii cam trong eae chrfcJng irinh giio due ve SKSS:
Nhflng nd Irfc lam tang crfdng tinh hi'p din cua bao cao su ddi hdi cd siTtbao luan cu the ve viec lam thfi' nao de bao cao su drfdc earn nhan tdt hdn. Dieu niy yeu cau ngrfdi lim trong linh vtfc giio due srfc khde tinh due phaj hpc each "ndi chuyen phifi'm" vl cic chu de d bfin ngoai pbdng ngii. Nfi'u ngrfdi dio tao cua chrfdng trinh khdng thoai mai khi ndi vl tinh due va khoai cam hoac nfi'u hg cd kien thrfc kem vl khia canh nay thi dtf in se khdng thfi' thinh cdng.
Cd mdt giai phip dfi' khac phuc tinh trang trfin la cln md ra hfii thoai mang tinh npi bd ve linh dtic va khoii cam. Vi du nhtf d Namibia: giim ddc mdt chtfdng trlnb ve HIV/AIDS da them vao nhffng cudc hpi thoai ve chu de tinh due va khoii cam nhrf la mfit phan cua dio tao tai cd sd ve stf nban bifi't ve AIDS. Hrfdng tifi'p can nay da bao quit drfdc tl't ca sir nhin nhan ciia cac cin bg tai cd sd trf ca'p lanh dao dfi'n ngtfdi phuc vu trong nhrfng nhffng phan dd'i thoai, dau tifin la vl tbiTc tfi' cua ho irong ddi sd'ng tinh due. girfp loai bd stf kieng ky khi ndi ve tinh due giffa nhffng ddng nghiep va ban be..,
Nhan manh ve khia canh khoai cam bdn la benh tat: mfit sd'drfin tie'p thi xahgi bao cao su cbo nam gidi da eung cap bao cao su cd mau sac, htfdng vi, cha't heu lim ting cam giic vi stf de chiu. cffng vdi hinh thrfc ddng gdi ha'p din cung ldi cud'n dtfdc nhrfng nhdm xl hdi va tdn giio cii th^. Tuy nhifin, doi khi thdng diep hp dtfa ra dfi' khuye'n khich tang ctfdng srf dung bao cao su vln t|p irung dau lifin va nhieu nhl't vao vific phdng chd'ng bfinh (HIV/AIDS...). Vi vay, dieu quan trgng Ii can hrfdng tdi mpt sir can bing khi dat ra cic muc dich cbo vific khuye'n khich srfdung bao cao su. khdng nhrfng chi Ii vific pbdng ngrfa bfinh tat mi cdn la khoii cam cho ngrfdi srf dung.
3. Bao cao su trd thanh chu^n trong quan hd tinh due cua sinh vifin dai hgc 3 Durban, Nam Phi [6]
Mpl nghifin crfu drfdc tbiTc hien nham xem xet nhrfngyfi'utdgdpphan lam tang crfdng viec srfdung
bao cao su cung nhrf tim bieu nhffng rao can cua viec srfdijngtbrfdngxuyenbaocaosu cua sinh vien d Dubai, KwaZulu-Natal. Nam Phi. Khoang 3/4 sd' nam vi nff sinh vifin drfdc khao sit dl bio cao rang hg cd srf dung bao cao su tai lan sinh boat dnb due gan nha't, the bifin mpt rfdc tinb ve mrfc dd srf dting bao cao su kha td't tai nrfdc nay so vdi cic nrfdc phit trien. Thfim vio do la 10% tdng sd' cd srf dung cie bifin phip trinh thai Idiic. vi vay ty lfi dtfde bao ve khdi vific mang thai ngoii f mud'n la 85%. Ty Ifi srf diing bao cao su trfin da du eao de chrfng minh cho srf khing dinh la: viec srf dung bao cao su da trd thanh chuan va thdi quen trong van hda tinh due ciia sinh vien Durban. Dilu niy ciing da dtfde khang dinh thfim bdi mgt khao sit d dien rgng d tinh KwaZulu-Nalal cung cho tha'y ve srf bifi'u bifi't khi cao vl viec srf dung bao cao su ciia TN ndi chung tai khu vrfc nay.
Mot sd yfi'u td' gdp phin cho srf chip nhin vi hieu biet vl bao cao su cua TN nhrf sau:
Thrf nhl't vific phdng trinb thai drfdc coi la rfu tifin hang dau, die bifit la cho nff gidi, nhrfng ngtfdi ma vific mang thai ngoai y mudn drfdc coi li mgt lai hga cho cdng vific hpc hanh cung nhrf hy vpng cho mdt cdng vific td't sau nay. Mic dO phi that dtfdc coi la hdp phip d Nam Phi, nd vln la dilu hi di nghi vi do v|y vific tbrfc hien ciing khdng phai la mdt dieu nhe nhang.
Thrf 2, nhffng bien phip trinh thai khic la khdng tbinh hanh vi srf Io ngai vl nhffng phan rfng phu \ a nhffng Io ngai cho srf sinh nd sau nay se bi anh hrfdng nfi'u cd srf dung bode mdn, Hdn nffa, vifie srf dung bao cao su cd the bao dam viec tranh thai ngay trong nhffng quan hfi tinb due mi nguy ccj nhifim HIV cung la md'i quan tam Idn. Khdng the phu nhan rang vific thrfdng lrfdng srf dung bao cao su cho muc dich kfi'hoach hda gia dinh thi de hdn nhieu so vdi vific thrfdng lrfdng dfi phdng trinh benh lay truyen vi se khdng hi quy ldi \i stf tin trfdng lan nhau.
Dang chu f la ed nhieu phii nff hdn nam gidi irong khao sit da ddng;? rang: "Vific cd srf dting bao cao su hay khdng li phu thupc vao tfii", chi cd 33%
phu nff chap nhan ring: "Ngrfdi dan dng cd anh hrfdng ldn hdn ngtfdi phu nff trong vific srf dung bao cao su". Dan dng ciing thffa nhan ring nfiu ngrfdi phu nff yeu cau srf dung bao eao su thi hp phai tuan theo. Tren thrfc tfi', mfit sd'nam gidi to ra nghi ngd nfi'u ngrfdi phu nff ddng y quan he tinh due ma khdng
46 Tap chi Y te Cdng cdng, 3.2013, So' 27 (27)
ITlHGaUfiNsNBKIEKCUUI
drfdc bao ve. Ca nam gidi va nff gidi irong nghifin crfu deu cbo rang siT chi phd'i cua din dng chi tdn tai trong md'i quan he tinh due mang Iinh crfdng brfc.
Tuy mrfc dp srf dung bao cao su Irong nghifin cihi li cao, vific srf dung hen tuc bao eao su vln khdng drfdc ghi nhan. Trong khao sit, chi cd 24%
phu nff va 28% dan dng xic nhan la da srf dung bao cao su trong tat ca cic Ian sinh boat tinh due. Khi drfdc hdi siu hdn vl nhrfng nguyen nhan dan tdi tinh trang trfin thi cic nguyfin nhan chu ye'u drfdc drfa ra la: nhrfng lln sinh boat tinh due khfing dinh trrfdc, bl cam giic tinh due manh lan at siT can trpng, khdng dffng bao cao su ngay trf khi bat diu quan he, cd srf dung rrfdu trrfdc khi quan hfi hole da cd srf diJng phrfdng phip trinh thai khac trrfdc dd, ddi kbi cd srf sd suit trong quan be tinb dtic vdi nhu^g cap da cd quan hfi lau dai. Nhffng nguyfin nhin niy li cd the hie'u drfdc va ddi Itic la nhffng nguyfin nhan khfing trinh khdi cho vific hrfdng tdi 100% drfdc bao vfi vdi bao cao su. Tuy nhifin, srf that bai cho vific dat drfdc con so' I^ trfdng 100% la khfing drfde coi nhe vi srf ddng gdp ciia bao cao su trong vifie kifim soit HIV. Moi sinh boat tinh due drfdc bao ve bdi bao cao su se giam riii ro ciia vific lay truyen HIV vi ngln ngffa vific mang Ihai.
Tdm lai, vific phdng ngffa mang thai va kiem soit HIV khdng nfin drfdc xem xdt nhrf 2 vl'n dl quan tam rieng re. Trii lai, sfi la hifiu qua hdn nfi'u khuyfi'n khich srf dung bao cao su cho muc dich trinh thai hdn la kiem soit HIV ddi vdi gidi tre da cd quan hfi linh due. Bao cao su trd thanh phrfdng phip trinh thai pbd bie'n cbo nhffng cd gii chrfa cd gia dinh d Sub-Sahara Nam Phi va xu hrfdng niy nen drfdc ting crfdng.
4. Tao ra thrfdng hifiu bao cao su cho gidi tre tai Indonesia [7]
DKT Indonexia, mdt td' cbrfc phi chinh phu hoat dpng trong Hnh vtfc tifi'p thi xa hgi vdi muc tifiu ting crfdng kfi* hoach hda gia dinh va phdng chdng HIV, da tien hinh nghien crftf de phat trien chie'n \\i(3c ting crfdng hieu biet ve tinh due an toan cung nhrf ting stf san cd cua bao cao su vi viec srf dting bao eao su cho gidi tre cd quan he finh diie. Diem ndi bat ciia chifi^n dich nay la ra ddi ciia bao cao su Fiesta vao nam 2(K)3 vdi stf da dang vl miu sac, hrfdng Vl vi kieu dang cung vdi gii ca phu hdp vdi gidi tre. Nha phan phd'i bao eao su Fiesta da phai lam vific vdi cic dd'i tic NGO va cac dd'i tic thtfdng mai de tap trung vio nhrfng ndi ma gidi tre thrfdng
lap tu hpp va mua ban. Chifi'n dich tap trung manh vio truyen thdng bao gdm chrfdng trinh quang cio tren TV, eic budi ndi ehuyfin trfin dii. phrfdng tifin bio chi vi nhan tin qua difin thoai. DKT ciing phdi hdp vdi cic ddi lac cua MTV, Chien dieh "Sd'ng khde", va cac ddi tic khac trong khdi phi ehinh phti vi trf nhan de giao due gidi tre ve cic chti de ve si?e khde sinh san va tinh due.
Trong vdng 3 nim, thrfdng hieu Fiesta da trd nfin mdt thrfdng hifiu manh cho gidi tre tai Indonexia, cbie'm hdn 10% thi phan bao cao su vi cd chilu htfdng tang len trfin thi trrfdng. Thtfdng hifiu da drfde ghi nhan srf thanh cdng vi da lim ting sd lrfdng bin ciia thi trrfdng bao cao su Ifin 22%. De danh gii thanh cdng nay, nam 2006 DKT dl thrfc hien mgt loat nhflng thao luan vdi gidi tr^ va nhffng TN da trfng srf dung bao cao su, Ket qui ciia khao sat nay da khang dinh ve mpt hinh anh thrfdng hifiu bao cao su thinh cfing ma Fiesta da dat drfdc ddi vdi gidi tre, Ket qua thao luan nhdm eung chi ra r^ng Fiesta la thrfdng hifiu bao eao su diu tifin drfdc ngtfdi tbam gia nhac tdi khi hg drfdc hdi vl cic Ioai thrfdng hieu bao cao su va drfdc ddng dio mgi ngrfdi nh^c de'n vdi stf sdng ddng, tre trung vi chi't lrfdng tdt mi thrfdng hifiu mang Iai.
M^c du 3 nim li trfdng ddi ngin cho vdng ddi ciia mgt thrfdng hieu hoac mpt chifi'n dich tie^p thi xa hpi, thrfdng hifiu Fiesta cffng vdi chifi^n dich tifi'p thi xa bdi da cd mgt anh hrfdng ra^I rd ring va da drf^c ghi nh|n dd'i vdi gidi tre tai Indonexia. Hp di coi Fiesta li thrfdng hifiu eiia minh vi da bat diu srf dung Fiesta vdi mdt sd lrfdng ding k^.
Kg't lu^n
Qua viec tim hieu quan diem ve vific srf dung bao cao su va cich thrfe ling crfdng vific srf dung bao cao su cho gidi tre tai mdt sd nrfdc Irfin thfi'gidi, chung ta cd the nit ra mdt sd ket lu|n va bai hpc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam nhrf sau:
"Viec khuyen khich svt diing bao cao su drfdc xem la rat can thiet cho quan he tinh due an toan cho gidi tre hdn la vific giio due hp phai "kifing khem' hay "kilm che" trong tinh due.
Cln cd srf rfu lien cho vific khuyd'n khich srf dung bao cao su cho muc dich trinh thai hdn 11 kiem soit HIV.
Can cd stf cln bang gifla vific nhan manh vio tic dung phdng ngffa benh tat va tic dung dem lai
Tap chi Y te Cdng cgng, 3.2013, Sd 27 (27) 47
I T6NG Q I U & NGHIEN etfu
k h o i i cam trong tinh due cua bao c a o su.
N e n khuyfi'n khieh viee sff diing bao c a o su eho
gidi tre bang c i c h tao ra mpt tbtfdng hifiu bao e a o su rieng eho hp.
Tai lifu tham khao
Tifdng Vift
1. BQ y te. Tong cue Thong kf. UNICEF, WHO (2003), Dieu tra Qufc gia v^ Vi th^nh nif n v^ Thanh mfin Vift nam 2003 (SAVY 2003)
2. Tdng cue Din so - KHHGD, Tong cue Thfi'ng kg Dieu tra lln thrf 2 (Quoc gia v£ Vi thinh nign vi Thanh nif n Vift nam lln thrf 2008 (SAVY 2008)
Ti^ng Anh
3. Berer M, Condom, yes!"Abstinence", no. Reproductive
Health matters 2006; 14(28): 6-16
4. David KR, Weller SC. The effectiveness of condoms m reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV, Family Planning Perspective 1999; 31(6): 272-79
5. Maharaj P, Cleland J. Condoms become the Nomi in the Sexual Culmre of CoUege Smdents in Durban. South Africa.
Reproducnve Health matters 14 (28); 104-112 6. Philpott A, Knerr W, Boydell V. Pleasure and Prevention:
When Good sex is Safer Sex. Reproductive Health matters 14(28)23-31
7. Purdy H C. Fruity, Fun and Safe' Creating a Youth Condom Brand in Indonesia, Reproductive Health matters 14 (28): 127-134
48 Tap chi Y ti C d n g c^ng, 3.2013, Sd 27 (27)
