Top chi Khoa hge Tnrdng Dai hge Cdn Tho Phdn .4: Khoa hoc Tu nhien Cdng nghe vd .Moi tnrang 28 (20131
Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thci website: sj.ctu.et^u.vn
ITNG DVNG C A C B O BIEN D O I DIEN TU" CONG SUAT
TRONG DIEU KHiEN NOI LlTCW c A c NGUON PHAN TAN
Le Kim Anh'
' Trudng Cao ddng Cdng Nghiip Tuy Hda, tinh Phu Yen Thong tin chung:
Ngaynhdn: 08/05/2013 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 29/10/2013 Title:
Application of power electronic converters in ^id connection control of distributed generations Tu khda:
Bg chinh luu; nghich luu;
nang lugng tdi tgo; ndng lugng mdi; ndi ludi cdc nguon phdn tdn Keywords:
Rectifier; inverter; renewable energy; new energy'; grid- connected distributed energy resources
ABSTRACT
Tlie research on using and exploiting effectively small and scattered capacity renewable energy sources, named Distributed Energy Resources (DER), to generate electricity is meaningful to reduce the climate change and dependence of power demand on fossil energy sources, which are at risk of being exhausted and cause environmental pollution. Using power electronic converters for grid connection control of distributed generators has some advantages such as capability of power transferring in both directions. The grid integration of DERcan help them to achieve equivalent scale and stable power supply as that of traditional power plants. The combination of harmonic filter circuits to suppress high order harmonics on the grid will also have a significal effect on improvingpower quality. The article presentedihe simulation result of the grid-connected control model of DER using power electronic converters, which maintains maximum capacity of the systemirrespeetive of connected powerloads.
TOM TAT
Nghien cdu sir dung vd khai thdc hiiu qud cdc ngudn ndng lugng tdi tgo CO cdng sudt nhd vd phan ldn (Distributed Energy Resources - DER) de phdt dien cd y nghTa thiet thuc din viec gidm bien ddi khi hdu vd gidm su phu thugc vdo cdc ngudn nhiin lieu hda thgch cd nguy ca cgn kiit, gdy d nhiem mdi trudng. Ung dung cdc bd biin ddi diin tu cdng sudt trong diiu khien ndi ludi cdc ngudn phdn tdn cd nhirng uu diem nhu: Khd ndng truyen ndng lugng theo cd 2 hudng. Cdc DER ndi ludi cho phep chung dgt dugc quy md luong duong vd muc do cung cdp dien dn dinh nhu cdc nhd mdy diin truyen thong. Kit hgp vdi mach loc de logi trir cdc sdng hdi bgc cao, diiu ndy cd y nghia ldn din viic cai thien chdt luang diin ndng. Bdi bdo dd dua ra duoc kit qud md phdng diiu khien ndi ludi cdc ngudn phdn tan su dung cdc bd biin ddi dien tu cdng sudt, nhdm duy tri cong sudt phdt toi da cua he thdng bdt chdp tdi noi vdi he thdng.
1 Dv^TVANDE
Ngay nay, cung vdi su phat ttien manh me ciia thi gidi. nhu ciu su dung nang lugng cua con ngudi ngay cing tang. Ngudn nang lugng tii tgo (Renewable Energy sources - RES) noi chung.
ngudn ning lugng phan tan (Disttibuted Energy
Resources - DER) ndi riing nhu: nguon ning lugng gid, pin mat ttai. pin nhien lieu... la cac dang nguon ning lugng sach, khdng giy 6 nhiera moi tiirdng. Tuy nfailn, de khai thac vi su dung cic ngudn phdn tdn nay sao cho hieu qua vdn la muc tiiu ngfailn cuu ciia cdc co quan quin ly. Hien nay
Tgp clli Khoa hoc Trudng DQI hoc Cdn Thi Phdn .i: Khoa hge Tu nhien. Cong nghe vd Moi inrdng 28 (2013): 1-8 cd nhieu cdng ttinh nghiin cuu dilu khiln ndi ludi
nhung d gdc do nghiin cuu la cic ngudn ddc lap nhu tuabin gid hoac nguon pin mat trdi. Bdi viet dudi diy dl xuat dieu khiln ndi ludi 3 ngudn phan tdn (Distributed Generation - DG) la tuabin gid su dung mdy phat dien ddng bd nam chim vTnh ciiu (Permanent magnetic synchronous generator - PMSG), ngudn pin mat ttdi (Photovoltaic cell) va pin nhiin lieu ming trao ddi proton (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC). LTng dung cac bd bien ddi diln tft cdng suit nhu: Bd biln ddi 2 ttgng thdi DC/DC diing di diiu chinh va cung cip cho cic tai tfaay ddi la ngudn pin m^t ttdi va pin nhien lieu. BO chinh luu (AC/DC) phia may phat dien diing diiu chinh hda ddng bd cho may phit di|n cung nhu tach may phit diln ra khoi ludi khi cdn thiit. Bo nghjch luu (DC/AC) phia ludi nham ddng bp vdi ludi vi gift dn dinh di|n ap ragch mpt chieu tmng gian. Trong he thdng dilu khiln ndng lugng tii tgo cic bg bien ddi dien tu cdng sudt gift vai tro rdt quan trgng, vile ung dung
cdc bg bien ddi dien tft cdng suit nay ttong dilu khien ndi ludi cdc ngudn phan tan, nhdm hudng den phat triln ludi dien thong minh va dilu khiln linh hoat cdc dang ngudn nang lugng.
2 CAC BO BIEN f)6l BIEN TLT CONG SUAT HI thdng dieu khiln noi ludi cac ngudn phin tdn (DG) nhu: tuabin gid su dung mdy phdt dien ddng bp nam chim vTnh cuu (Permanent magnetic synchronous generator - PMSG), ngudn pin mat ttdi (Photovoltaic cell) vd pin nhien lieu mang trao ddi proton (Proton Excfaange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC) tiieo Tao Zhou, Bruno Franfois (2010), he thdng bao gdm cic thinfa phan co bin nhu Hinh 1.
Cac bp biln ddi di|n tir cdng suit thyc hiln nhilm vu nhu: Tuabin gid su dung may phdt dien (PMSG) phit ra diln ap (AC), qua bp chinh luu (AC/DC) dua ra diln ap ragt chilu (DC). Ngudn pin mdt ttdi vd pin nhiin lieu dieu cho ra di|n ap mpt chilu (DC). Tdt ci cic di|n ap radt chieu (DC) nay qua bO nghich luu (DC/AC) dua ra diln ap (AC) nii ludi.
_ I ^ A C
m\
Dudng May diy biin dp Ludi
diln Nghjch luu
DC/AC
He thdng dieu khien
Hinh 1: So do dieu khiln noi ludi cdc nguon phan 2.1 Bp biin dii 2 trang thai DC/DC Muc dich cua bp bien ddi 2 ttgng thai DC/DC la tgo ra dlfn dp mdt chieu (DC) dugc dilu chinh dl cung cip cho cdc tii thay doi, bd bien doi 2 ttgng thii DC/DC gift vai tto rit quan ttpng ttong cac h | tfadng dieu khiln ndng lugng tai tao (Renewable Energy sources - RES). De dn djnh diln dp dau ra cho bp biln ddi thi doi hdi cic bg
tin sir dung cac b$ bien dfli diln tii cdng sudt dilu khiln phdi hoat dpng mit each tin cgy, do diln ap d dau ra cua pin mat trdi vd pin nhien lieu khdng du lan de cd the cung cap cho diu vao cua bd nghjch luu (DC/AC). Do dd ta phii sft dung bo biin ddi 2 ttang thii DC/DC dl ndng diln dp diu ra dgt yeu cdu. Theo Bengt Johansson (2003). bd biin ddi 2 ttang tiidi DC/DC (Buck - Boots Converter) nhu Hinh 2, vdi gian dd xung ddng ngit nhu Hinh 3.
T.ip chl Khoa hoc Inning DJI hoc (Mn Tho
}Ui
NgSt
Dong
Huih 2: So dd bg biin dfli DC7DC
(a) D = 0 5 lb) D •= 0-5(c) D > 0.5 Hinh 3: Xung dong ngat cua lip failn ddi DC/DC
2.L1 Khi Switch d trgng tlidi ngdi Ta xet ttong kfaodng tfadi gjan t = 0 den t = DT.
diln dp tten cudn diy L la U,. Khi dd cdng sudt ttin cupn diy L dugc tinh nhu sau:
Vol dieu kien ddng qua cudn ddy L Id hdng sd, cdng suat qua cudn day L dugc viet lai nhu sau:
1 '^^
P^ = —U,I^ \dt = U.I^D (2) 2.1.2 Khi Switch a trgng thdi ngdi
Ta thd>' ndng lugng ttin cudn ddy L bdt ddu xd ra. Diode bat diu din dien ap tten cudn diy L cung cip cho tdi Uo. Kfai dd ta cd cdng sudt ttin tdi:
, Dl , DT
Vdi dilu kiln ly tudng tfai L'.. va I I li hing so liic do cdng sudt diu ra dugc viet lai nfau sau:
Phan .4: Khoa hgc Ttr nhien. Cdt^ nghe va Mdi tmang: 2812013}: ' dilu clunh diai dp ra mong mudn bdng vile dilu cfainfa D.
2.2 Bo cbuib luu r a bo B^}ch Imi Viec nghien ciiu ex bp cfainfa tuu (AC/DQ va bg nghich luu (DC/AQ diiu cfai theo phuong phdp d^ rdng xung ( Pulse Width Modulation - PWM) hodc dieu chl tfaeo vecta kfadng gian (Space Vector Modulation) dugc ntiiiu nha kfaoa fagc quan tdm ngltiln cuu ttoi^ nhung ndm gin day \ di nfaimg uu diem vugt bgi nfain kfaa nang tru\'en ndng lugng theo c i 2 faudi^ voi goc dilu kfaien ilia>' ddi Aigc, dung lugng sdng fadi tbip...
2.2.1 Md Mnh todn hgc cho bg chinh luu So dd l>g cliinh Imi dilu cbl theo pfauong pfaap dp rdng xung (PWM), nfau Hinh 4. Theo H^iran Bai et al (2007). ^ dat dugc muc tiiu Id dieu kfaien cic tfadnfa pfadn cdng suit phdt vdo ludi tu cdc ngudn pfadn tdn, tiii ttien nay cd nfaieu phuong phip dl dieu kfaien cbo t>g cfainh luu PU~N] nhu phuong phdp: VOC. DPC. VFVOC, VFDPC.
Dya vao so do Hinh 4. ta xiy dyng bieu thiic diln ip ciia bg ctunh tuu PA\'M nhu sau;
V, \.\-D)
Dien dp sau khi qua tip biln ddi cdng sudt se tdng len. nfad bd dieu kfaien xung k.ch ta cd the
-<»- - v - - • » -
-f»3 - S l l ' - * ;
; L „ / ( r - D r ) = i/„/,(i-D)(4) ^ Tu phuong trinh (21 vi (4) ta vilt lai nfau sau:
Hinb 4: Sor do dong dien va diln ap cna bo chinfa lini
(6)
• ' • - ^ + * ' ' . = ^ , - ( S . i / ^ + a , , .
Bieu thuc (6) chuyen sang he toa do dq d u ^ viet iai nhu sau:
Top chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hpc Can Tho Ri J - S ju ^ + dl
di , dt
du „ 3 S . . 2 "
S ^u ^ - 0} Li J 3 5 , .
Phdn .4. Khoa hoc Tit nhien. Cong ngh^ vd Moi trudng 28(2013). 1-8 2.2.2 Md hinh todn hoc cho bg nghich luu (7) Theo Ngd Due Minh, 2007, bd nghich luu dung
de bien ddi dien dp mdt chieu tiidnh dien dp xoay chieu ba pha cd the thay ddi dugc tin sd nhd viec thay doi qui luat ddng edt cua cac van, nhu Hinh 5.
Ich ''M ^'M
Hinh 5: So dd dieu khien b$
nghich luu
Ta gia thiet tdi 3 pha ddi xftng nin dien dp:
U,^-i-U,,-\-u,^=0 (8) Gpi N la diem nut eua tdi 3 pha dang fainfa (Y).
Dya vio so dd Hinfa 5, dien dp pha cua cac tdi dugc tinh nhu sau:
^ NO (9)
Dien dp day tten tai dugc tinh nhu sau:
U
* ll2
r31
U,
" 3 0 - « 1 (12) O
Vdi w \ 0
Thay bilu thftc (10) vao bilu thiic (9) ta cd phuang trinh diln ip a m5i pha ciia tai nhu sau:
2 « 2 0
2 ^ 3 0
3
- " l o
3
- « i o - « l o
- « 2 0 (11)
Bien do sdng hii cd the xac djnh dya theo khai ttien chudi Fourier ciia dien ip ngo ra nhu sau:
"/ = ^lAV + ^"^k sin(A:.x) + ^ Z ) i cos(A:.x) (13)
u^. = — j M, sin( k.x)dx
"- 0
1 ^'^
Vdi: < K = — I M, COS( k.x)dx
^ { 1 ^'^
Tgp chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Phdn .•{: Khoa hgc Tu nhien. Cdng nghe > d Mot inrdng: 28 (2013): 1-8
Biln dp sdng hai bic k: At
(14) Thong thudng dang dp ciia tii cd Iinh chat cua ham le. do dd: lik^. Ak = at.
Biln dp sdng hai co ban U[(i)m
^i\um = ^i - -— f w, sin x.dx (15)
^ i
Va biln do sdng hdi bdc k:
£^,a,. - ^* = - \u,sm(k.x).clx06) ," ".
2.2.3 Cdu true diiu khiin cho bd chinh luu vd nghich luu
Theo Degang Yang et al (1999), gid ttj diu ra cua dien dp qua bd chinh luu vi bd nghjch luu, chuyin sang he tga do dq dugc xie dinfa nhu sau:
V; = - [ ^ * , + ^ ] f c -i,)+e,+ aiLi.,(17)
'a '.b
Hinh 6: Sff do dieu khiln cho 2 mach vong dong dien
Hinh 7: Dieu khien m^ch vong trong cua dong dien
Tgp chi Khoa lioc Tnnmg Dai lioc Cdn Tho Phdn.4: Khoa boc Tu nhien. Cong nglie vd Moi tnrdng 28(2013): IS 3 XAY DUNG MO HINH VA MO PHONG
TREN MATLAB - SIMULINK
3.1 Xay dyng mo hinh tren matlab - simulink Theo Ngd Due Minh (2007), vile xdy dyng md hinh tren Matlab - Simulink, ung dung cdc bp biln
ddi dien tii cong suit ttong dieu khiln ndi ludi cho 3 ngudn phan tan (DG) nhu: tuabin gid sft dung may phat diln ddng bp nam chim vTnh ciiu (PMSG), ngudn pin mat trdi (PV) va pin nhiin lieu raang trao ddi proton (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC) nhu Hinh 8.
Hinfa 8: So do dieu khiln nil ludi cdc nguin phin tan (DG) ung dung cac bp bien doi dien tir cong suit Bang 1: Cdc thdng so cu ban ciia pin nhien li^u
Hang so Faraday (F) Hang so thai gian cua hydro ( T^^) Hang so phan tti van hyt H ^ g s6 mo hinh (K,)
ro(fH,) So lirong pin nhien lieu trong ngan xep (No) Npi tro ciia pin nhien li^u (R"") Nhi?t do tuyet doi (T) Hang so Ichi ly tuong ® He s6 sii dung (U)
Qua dien ap kich hoat PEMFC (B) Qua dien ap kich hoat PEMFC (C) Dien ap chuan khi khong Bang 2: Cac thong so c Cong suat may phat So cue (p) Toe dp rotor (ta) Dien tro stator (Rs) Dien cam stator (Ls) Mo men Tu thong
tai (Eo)
>• ban cQa PMSG 12 kW 175rad/s 0,425 a 8,4 mH 40 Nm 0,433 Wb
Bang Cong Dien Dong Dong
9.6484.600 (C/kmol) 3,37 (s)
4,22x10-'[kmol/(ahn.s)) 1.8499xlO-'[kmol/(s.A)]
72 0.00303 (n) 343 (K)
8314,47(1 atm/(kmol.K)]
0,8 0,04777 (A-') 0,0136 (V) 0,6 (V)
3: Cac thong sd co' ban ciia pin mSt triri suat 1 tam pin mat troi (Pma^) ap (U„„)
dien (I„„)
done ngan mach a nhiet do 25°C (L„)
Dien ap ho mach (Uoc)
260 W 35 V lOA 10,75 A 40 V
Tgp chi Kboa hgc Tnrdng Da> hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ty nhien. Cong ngh? vd Mdi Inrdng: 28 <20i3). 1-8 3.2 Kit qua mo phdng
0 OtC OM 0 06 008 01 012 014 016 B13 11
Hinfa 9: Diln dp ra DC bp biln ddi DC/DC (V)
Hinfa 10: Difn dp ra DC b6 chinfa luu (V)
C'K nm M D 12 C l i 0 16
Hinfa 11: Dien dp AC fad chinfa luu (V)
c
;;
0 s 0 K •X i l l 0 1 D.K 0 0»
HiHinh 12: Diln ap ra b$ nghich luu (V)
:y. ;cs :i ci: c.w OM oia Hinh 13: Cong suit tuabin gio (W)
Hinfa 14: Toe dp tuabin gid (rad/s)
: C2 c j j c:-: : K [I I Q -2 G I * i] ie 013 02
Hinfa 15:Cdng sudt eiia pin mat trdi(W)
; ] ^Oien^(V)
^Dbng ffiei (A) I
T c:: cc* -:» :es ci 01: CM Cie cu t:
Hinh 16: Dong difn va dien dp ciia pin m^t trdi
Hinh 17: Dong diln va diln ap cua pin nhien lieu
lfyJ-_-«'^'»»
..U--i—-:-.
1 • ' •
T'"T'T"
i--.i.--.;-...:
i.---i--..;....;.
O ^ g t i ,
K"^ • ^
. - - i . . . i —
: '•' •'.-:—r
Hinh 18: Cdng suat ciia pin nhien li^u (W)
Tgp chi Khoa bgc Tnrdng Dai hgc Cdn Tho
OCC 004 DOS 008 01 012 014
Hinh 20: Dong di^o ngo ra I>bc (A)
002 OM 006 008
Hinh 21: Diln dp n6i ludi U^bc (V)
Hinh 22: Dong di^n noi ludi I«bc (A)
Phdn .4. Khoa hgc Tir nhien. Cong nghe vd Moi trudng: 28 (2013): 1-8 4 KET LUAN
Ung dung cic bp bien ddi di|n tii cong suit Uong dieu khiln ndi ludi cdc ngudn phan tin mang lai hieu qui cao vl tinh kinh tl so vdi dilu khien cdc ngudn diln ddc lap. ddng thdi phin bd duac cdng suat phat ra trin he thdng. Cac ngudn phan tan ndi ludi cho phep chiing dat dupe quy md tuong duong va mirc dp cung cip di$n 6n dinh nhu cdc nfad may diln truyen thong. T&i thdi diim t = 0.08 s ddng tdi thuc hiln noi ludi, dong diln va diln ip ciing nhu cdng suit dau ra ludn dat gii tri bdng gii tri dat vd he thdng ldm vile d trang thdi dn dinh. HI thdng ndi ludi thdng qua may bien dp 400V/22kV vd dudng day tai diln. HI tfidng diiu khiln ndi ludi cic ngudn phan tdn sd dung eac bp biln doi dien tii cong suit, nhdm hudng din vile phdt Uiln ludi dien thdng minh vi dilu khien ndi ludi linh hoat cho cic ngudn ning lugmg tdi t^o.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
1. Bengt Johansson, 2003, Improved Models for DC-DC Converters. Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Lund University.
2. Degang Yang, Liangbing Zhao, Runsheng Liu, 1999, Modeling and closed - loop coti-oller design of three - phase high power factor Rectifier, power Electronics, 49 - 52.
3. Haoran Bai, Fengxiang Wang, Junqiang Xing, 2007, Control Strategy of Combined PWM Rectifier/ Inverter for a High Speed Generator Power System. IEEE.
4. Ngo Diic Minh, 2007, LTng dung bp bien ddi PWM Uong dieu khien cdng sudt giiJa cdc ngudn cue bd. Tap chi Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghe. Dai fapc Thdi Nguyin, sd 4(44).
5. Nguyen Van Nhd, Diln tii cdng suit. Khoa Diln - Diln tii, Trudng Dai hpc Bach Kfaoa TP. H6 Chi Minh.
6. Tao Zhou, Bruno Franfois. 2010, Energy Management and Power Control ofa Hybrid Active Wind Generator for Distributed Power Generation and Grid IntegrationJEEE
