CHUYeNfl6:HQlN0H|KH0AHQC HUYgf HOC • TRUYJN M A U T O A N QUdC 2012
NHAN THUnC, THAI DO vA HANH VI v£ mtH M A U TINH N G U V I N COA NHAN VIEN V TE Tfl TP. H6 CHi MINH N A M 2012
C h i u T r i n IVIinh Nghia", Hodng Thj KimC NguySn Phudc Bich H f nh*, T n n m g Thj Kim Du
T 6 M T A T :
Mgc t I t u : Khdo sdt thvc trang nhJn thdc, thdi dO vd mJt sd y i u td dnh hudng d i n hdnh vl hlin mdu (HM) tInh nguyjn cOa nhdn vidn y t i dang Idm vide trong cdc bdnh vljn tai TP. H i Chl Minh. Phvong phdp: nghidn cdu md t i c i t ngang. K i t qud: Cd 53.8% ddl tupng nghidn cdu (CTNC) cd nhdn thdc d i y dd v i HMTN; khdng cd su tuang xdng glde nhJn thdc, thdl dd vd hdnh vl cOa hai nhdm OTNC dd HM vd chua HM: hdnh vl HM xdy ra vdi t^ Id cao d nhdm d i l tupng cd nhJn thdc ring HM Id d i cdu ngtrdi (96,8%), tdt cho strc khde bdn thdn (97,8%), nhdn dupe mdu khI c i n (95,8%), theo phong trdo (95,8%), su thudn Gdn (95,8%). K i t l u j n : TI IJ nhJn thdc d i y dO v i HMTN cda nhdn vidn y t i Id 53,6%. OdI vdi thdl dd v i hdnh vl HM, cd 87,2% s i n sdng HM vd trdn 95% s i n sdng tuydn truyin, ung hd ngudi thdn HM, trong dd nhdm OTNC dd HM cd thdl dd s i n sdng HM Uch cue hem nhdm chua HM. Cdc y i u td dnh hudng d i n hdnh vi HM cda nhdm BTNC Id HM d i cdu ngudi bdnh, t i t cho sdc khde bdn thdn vd nhdn dupe mdu khi c i n , bdn canh dd cd su tdc ddng cda cdc phong trdo vd su tao diiu kidn thudn Ipi cho ngudi HM trong qud trlnh HM.
TCr khia: Nhin thdc thii diviHM tinh nguyin
ABSTRACT:
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR TOWARDS VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION
AMONG MEDICAL STAFF IN HO CHI MINH CITY IN 2012
Objective: Surveying the knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards voluntary btood
• Binh vlfn Tmyin miu Huyit hpc TP. HCM Phdn bIJn khoa hpc: BS.CKII T r u o n g Thj Kim Dung 526
donation and the factors affecting to donal|n behavior of medical staff working at some hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City.Method: ctost sectional study. Results: 53.6% of 'Ite respondents were at good level of knowlad^
aboutbiood donation, there Is no con«spondened among knowledge, attitude and behayMlt behveen people who did not give blood and donated blood. Saving Ihres (96,6%), being good for health (97,6%), the opportunity of reotliK biood in need (95,6%), the movement (95.8%), the convenience (95.8%) are ttie main factors that act»ely pmmote blood donaioit.
Conclusion: 53,6% of medical staff have *go#- knowledge, more than 95% are willing to propaganda and support relatives in blood donation. The factors effected to blood donaHon behavior were save live, good for heailfi, receded blood when needed, the movement and convenience.
Keywoncte; behavmr of bkxxl donatioii, knowledge ttmards btood donation.
I. O^T V X N o l :
Hijn nay, niu tinh v l s6 don vj mdu tiip nhJn ndm 2010, cd nude ta dat khotag 0,78%
dta so HM, ttong dd nhiiu dja phuong ddd^
ttdn 1% nhu: Hd npi (1,47%), TP, Ho (M Minh (1,95%), Dd Ndng (2,19%). Thvc tS trin thi gidi, ty IJ HM rit cao d khu v?c thdnh thi do tJp tnmg ddng dta cu vd nhi6u bjnh vijn idn. D i l n hinh nhu: Thdi Lan co khotag 65 ttiJu dta, ndm 2009 tilp'inhjn dupe 1,650,130 dom vj mdu (2,6% dSn s6).
Y H(?C VigT NAM T H A N G 8 • S 6 B A C B I $ T / 2 0 1 2
trong dd rieng t?i thdnh phi Bangkok dd tiip lihjn dupe 614,081 don vi (10,8% dta si d Bangkok). [3]
Nhu vjy, phong trdo HM tinh nguyjn cin dupe diy m ^ vd phdt triin cd vl chilu rjng vd chieu sdu. Vi vjy, viJc xdy dvng ivc iupng HM dv bi vd nguin ngudi HM in dinh, bin viing id hit sdc cin thiit. Bdn e ^
^ ' p h a i ctag ci, ntag cao nhJn thdc cfla ngudi dta vl sv cin thiit vd vai trd cfla HM dv b), xdy dvng dupe Ivc lupng ngudi ludn sin stag HM, dva trdn co sd hiiu biit vd trdch nhiJm vdi cJng ding
T?i Bjnh vijn Truyin Mdu Huyit Hpc TP. Hi Chi Minh, chflng tdi dd xdy dvng md hinh Ngta Htag Mdu sing di gdp phin tich c\rc huy dpng ngirdi HM vdo cta thdi diim thiiu mau vd iS dupe su hudng dng nhijt tinh ,14 cdc bdnh vijn trong thdnh phi. Tuy nhidn ti IJ HM tgi tdng don vj van chua cao. Vi vjy ' chflng tdi tiln hdnh nghidn cuu dl tdi nhdm cdc muc tidu: 1) Khdo sdt thuc trgng nhpn thuc, thdi dp, hdnh vi HMlinh nguyfn (HMTN)
cia nhdn viin y ti dang lim vifc trong cdc bfnh vlfn tpl thdnh phi: 2) Khdo sdt mft si yiu ti inh hudng din nhfn thic, thdi df, hdnh vi cua nhdn vlln y ti dii vdi HMTN.
n.o6» •nx)m vA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN COU:
2.1. Dii tupng: nhta vidn y tl dang idm viJc t?i cde bjnh vijn d TP. Hi Chi Minh.
2.2. Thilt ke nghiin cdu: Nghita cdu md td cdt ngang; sd dvng btag hdi diilt kl trudc.
- Ddnh gid nhta thflx; dva trta 9 cdu hdi (nhOng kiin thdc co bta vi HMTN) tti idi dtag mil cdu dat 1 diim, td 8 diim trd len dat mflx; dJ kiln thdc diy dd, dudi 8 diim id kiln thdc han che.
2.3. Thdi gian nghita cdn: td thtag 02 din thtag 05 ndm 2012
2.4. Cd mau nghien cdu: 358 mau 2.5. Phuong phdp xir 1^ si lieu - Quta 1;^ so liju btag phin mim EpiData3.1
- Xd ii thing ke bdng phin mem Stata 10.0
III. KlT QuA NGHIEN COU:
, 3.1. Dac diem cua nhdm nghidn cuu Bang 1: Ddc diim cfla nhdm DTNC
N=358 Nam
Tudi tninq binh (sd) Trinh d d hoc v i n Cao dSnq, THCN Dai hoc Sau dai hoc Khdc Vi tri c d n q tdc Ldnh ijao Nhdn vidn S i ldn HM
Td 1 den 5 lan T d S d e n 10 lan TrSn 10 lan
n (%) 106(29.6) 33 2(9.9)
195(54.5) 118(33) 16(4 5) 29(8 1)
30(8.4) 328(91,6)
231(64.5) 107(29.9) 12(3.4)
8(3.2)
527
CHUYtN Bi: Hpl NOHI KHOA HQC HUyJmJ^flmiitH llAU TOAN Q U 6 C 2012 3.2. Kit quii k h i o sdt n h | n thdx v i HIVI
Bing 2i Khdo sdt kiln thdc v l HMTN ' Trd IdH dilna
Tuil bit diu HMftd 16 hiii)
" > 6 luynn (n) 257
T'IJ(%L
Cdn ndng (ttdn 46 kg) 264 73.7
Khodna cdch tdi thiiu aide hai lin HM (3-4 Ihtnul 146 Noirdi nghi ngd nhiim HBV khdng dupe HM
Ngudi bl nhiim HBV khdng dupe HM 291 Ngudi nghi ngd nhiim HiV khdng dtfgo HM
NnudI bl nhiim HIV khdng difgc HM 305 HM thao hudng din cCIa bdc sT khdng inh hudng din sdc khde
9. HM khdng bl nhiim bdnh Mdc dd nhdn thdc diy dfl
Kit qud cho thiy cd 53.6% DTNC cd kiin thdc d i y dd, cao hon so vdi nghidn cdu ciia Ngd Mfuih Quta vd cs (30,2%)[I ] , sv khta bijt ndy cd ^ nghia thing k i (p<0.05). Tuy nhien ti IJ ndy vin cdn thip so vdi cdc quic gia khta nhu so vdi Nigeria 2011 (61%)[4].
Bing 3: So sdnh kiln thdc v l HMTN gifl'a hai nhdm DTNC dd HM vd chua HM
~"~~~"~--~^^_NhJn thdn:
Dil tupng ^^^~^-~~-^
Chua HM OdHM Ting
Oiydu 128
64 192
Chua diy dd 103 63 166
OR = 1.22, 95% Cl (0.77-1.93)
p= 0.377 Ti IJ nhJn thdc d i y dfl gifta hai nhdm DTNC ffl HM vd chua HM khdng cd sv khdc bijt cd y nghia thong kd vdi p<0,05; diiu ndy cho thiy, nhin thiirc sai l i m v i n ed thi din din hjinh vi HM vd nh|n thdc d i y dfl khdng phdi id y i u t i quyit djnh din din hdnh vi HM.
Bing 4: So sdnh nhta thflrc v l HMTN gifta nam vd nft
Nam Nd Tdng
Nhdn thdc diy dfl 63 129 192
Nhdn thdc chua diy dd 43 123 166
0R=1.4, 95%CI (0.86-2.28)
p= 0.165 Ty IJ nhJn thdc diy dfl v l HMTN gifta nam vd nft khdng cd sv khta bijt cd y ngMa k6vdip>0,05.
3.3. Thdi dJ vd hdnh vi v i HMTM Bing 5: Thdi dp vd hdnh vi v l HMTN
Cdu hdl SSn sdng HM khi dupe vdn ddnq Cing hd ngudi thdn tham qia HM Sin sdng tuydn truvin cho nqudi khdc HM Cd ban bd, ngudi thdn dd tdnq HM
Cd ban bd. ngudi thdn dd tdng dupe truvin mdu Cd 87,2
(%)
96,3 95,3 92,5 52,5
DdHM
(%)
96 97,6 98.4 96,8 54,3
ChuaHM
(%)
82,25 93,9 93,5 90 61,5
P 0,003 0,428 0,211 0,123 0,735 Thdi dp sin stag HM cua nhdm DTNC dd HM (96%) cao hon nhdm DTNC chua HM (82,25%), sv khdc bijt ndy cd y nghia thing kd (p<0,05).
528
Y HQC VigT NAM T H A N G » - 5 6 B A C B I $ T / 2 0 1 2
Trdn 90% DTNC dng hJ ngudi thta tham gia HM, sdn stag tuydn ttuyin cho ngudi khdc IM vd cd b?n bd ngudi thta da tflang HM nhung so sdnh gifta hai nhdm DTNC dd HM vd hua HM: sv khdc bijt ndy khdng cd i nghia thing kd (p> 0,05).
3.4. Cdc yiu t i dnh hudng din nh^n thdc, thdi dJ vd hdnh vi vi HMTN.
3.4.1. Biiu gikhiin-anh/chiHM:
, Bing 6: Cdc yiu t i dnh hudng din nhta thdc, thdi dJ vd hdnh vi vl HMTN
Cdu hdl O i c d u ngudi bdnh T i t cho sdc khde bdn thdn Nhdn dupe mdu khi bdn thdn cdn Theo Phong trdo
Bi dp luc td CO quan Su thudn tidn
Cd (%) 34,9 26,5 26,8 13,4 2,5 13,4
Cd HM (%) 96.8 97,8 95.8 95.8 88.8 95.8
Chua HM (%) 1,73 0,86 1,73 0,86 0,43 0,86
P 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,004 0,000
' Trong nhdm DTNC dd HM, 96,8% HM dl cuu ngudi; 97,8% HM dl tit cho sdc khde bin thta; 95,8% HM di nhJn dupe mdu khi im ttita cin, HM theo phong trdo vd HM do cd su thuta tijn; 88,8% HM do bi dp Ivc tu CO quan. So sanh gitta hai nhdm dii tupng dd HM vd chua HM: sv khdc bijt nay cd y nghia thing ke.
3.4.2. Cac kinh thing tin chinh truyin tii thing Iln vi HMTN
Chiim ti IJ cao ttong cta kenh truyin tdi thing tin vl HM la td chdc cdng dota:
67,9%, tiip do la ttuyin hlnh: 59,8% va to chiic dota thanh niin: 44,7%. Chiim ty IJ tliip la cdc phuang tiJn sdch bdo tfp chi (35,8%), internet (23,5%,) td roi apphich (26,3%), radio (22,9%); va khdng cd sv khdc nhau ro rJt giua hai nhdm DTNC dd HM vd cliuaHM.
W. BAN lUifiN:
giMdc dJ nhan thdc diy du cfla nhdm B e chiim ty IJ cao (53.6%). So sdnh gifta pnhdm DTNC dd HM va chua HM, mdc P nhjn thdc vd thdi dp vd HMTN khdng cd m Ididc bijt ro rdt, kit qud nay hrong ddng
Vdi mpt si nghidn cdu khac [2].
Nghidn curu ndy cho thiy khdng cd su tuong xdng gifta nhta thdc, thdi dJ vd hdnh vi cua hai nhdm DTNC dd HM vd chua HM;
hdnh vi HM xdy ra vdi t^ iJ cao d nhdm doi tupng cd nhta thdc rdng HM id de cdu ngudi (96,8%), tdt cho sue khde bta thta (97,8%), nhta dupe mdu khi cin (95,8%), theo phong ttao (95,8%), su thuta tiJn (95,8%).
Diiu ndy cho thiy viJc cung cap iden thdc vl HM tinh nguyjn la dd cdu ngudi bjnh, tdt cho sdc khde bta thta vd nhta dupe mdu khi cin sd thu hdt dupe nhiiu ngudi sin stag HM. Vi vay nhihig thdng tin nay nin dupe khuyin khich sd dung ttong cdng tac tuydn truyin vta ddng HM dl ntag cao hiJu qud cda cac chien dich HMTN.
Tim hiiu vl cdc tdc dJng cua truyin thdng din nhdm DTNC, chtag tdi nhta thiy td chuc cdng dota, truyin hinh vd ti chdc dota thanh nien id cdc kenh thdng tin cd tac ddng pho biin nhdt, nhung khdng cd sv khac biet rd rJt gifta hai nhdm ddi tupng dd hidn mdu va chua hien mdu.
V. KET L U A N :
Ti iJ nhta thdc diy du vl HMTN cda nhta vien y td Id 53,6%. Ddi vdi thdi dp ve 529
CHUVen Bi: Hpl NOH| KHOA HQC HUYtt HOC • TWUYJN MAU TOAN QUfc 2012 hdnh vi HM, cd 87,2% sin stag HM vd trin
95% sSn stag tuyin truyin, tag hJ ngudi thta HM; 35,5% dd tdng HMTN.
Cdc yiu ti dnh hudng din hdnh vi HM
•cfla nhdm DTNC li: HM di cdu ngudi bjnh, tit chp sire khde bta thta vd nhJn dupe mdu khi cin, bin c^nh dd cd sv tdc d^ng cfla edc phong ttdo do cing dota vd dota thanh niin ti chdc, t ^ diiu kiJn thu^n Ipi cho ngudi HM ttong qui ttinh HM.
TAI LI|U THAM KHAO:
1. Ngi Mfnb Quin v i CS (2010), Thvc tt^g nhJn thdc, thdi dJ vd hdnh vi vi HM Unh nguyjn d hpc sinh m$t s i trudng ttung hpc phi thing, T?p chi Y hpc ViJt Nam, Tip 373, S6 2/2010, Hd NJi, tt 433.
2. Ngt M*nh Quin vd CS (2010), T b i | cdc yiu ti dnh hudng tdi hdnh vi 1 cta bJ cdng nhta vidn chdc tai Hdl ndm 2009, T?p chl y hpc ViJt Nam, 1 373, S6l/2010, Hd Npi, 436-440 3. Nguyin Anh Tri (2011), Phdt triln cioj
tdc v$n d$ng HM tinh nguyjn theo hudm da d^g hda vd chuyin nghijp hda, fl liju HOI NGHI TRI£N KHAI c6ii TAC VjjiS DONG HlfeN MAU i t a NGUY$N T O A N QV6C N A M 2011^
N«i,tt 39-43.
4. Saiaudeen AG, Odeh E (2011), Knowledge and behavior toMII voluntary blood donation among shidenK of a tetiaiy institution in Nigeiia, 2011,Original article, 14(3), pp 303-307.
TlNH HlNH THU N H A N VA SUTDUNB M A U
TAI TRUNG T A M TRUYEN M A U ZWf RAY TRONG 3 N A M (2009 - 2011)
Trin Vdn Bio*, VO Thdy An*, Phan Thj Thanh LJc', Phfm Li Nh$t Minh*, NguySn Tnidng Son* vda*
T 6 M T&T:
Trong 3 ndm (2009-2011), TTTM Chp Riy thu nhdn dupe 211893 don vj mdu, td 3 nguin chinh: linh nguydn, chuydn nghidp vd thdn nhdn.
Sd iupng mdu thu nhdn tdng theo cdc ndm. Od ddp dng phin Idn nhu c i u mdu trong cip cdu, diiu trj vd cung cip cho mJt s i Bnh hong khu vpc. Cd sp thay dii quan tnjng trong vide thu nhdn mdu td nguin ngudi cho mdu chuydn nghidp xudng cdn 0,49% bing nguin ngudi tinh nguydn tdng Idn 97,96 % id nguin i n djnh vd cd chit lupng cao hon. Mdu vd c h i phim dung cho
* Tmng tim tmyin miu Chp RSy
Phdn bIJn khoa hpc: TS Nguyin Trudng So>n 530
cip cdu Id 10,22 %, diiu trj ndi trt Id 76,17|
Vide sd dvng mdu todn phin gidm (3,35 %), ^ dung cdc c h i phim mdu ngdy cdng tdng (HCL:
59,20 %...) vda tiit klJm lai hidu qud vd an todn.
ABTRACT:
THE SITUATION OF COLLECTING BLO AND USING IN THREE YEARS (2009-21)1 AT CHO RAY BLOOD TRANSFUSION CE*
Cho Ray biood transfusion center coliei 211893 units of blood in three yeare (200 2011). Blood was supported by three souin
