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THl/C HIEN TRACH NHIEM GIAI TRINH - TINH TAT Yfu TRONG QUA TRINH XAY DliNG
CHINH PHU KIEN TAO
• TS N G 6 THI HUYEN Trudng Dgi hgc Lgc Hong
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yiu Idtddt quan vd tdiQng^ phdp titiic ddy thuk; hihi w hihi qud trddi nhiim gua trinh cua Ch^ phd vdi nhdn ddn trong qud trbih x^dtftigihkth phu kim too dVi&t Nam hihi nay.
• Tii khda: trdch nhiim gidi trinh, chinh phu kiin tao, phdn biin xd hdi.
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uOc Cdch mgng cdng nghigp 4.0, vdi nhting dOt phd vl cdng nghe, vl kit ndi intemet, dign todn ddm may, m 3D, cdng nghg cdra biln,... dd tdc dOng sdu sdc din tdt cd cdc linh vye cua ddi sdng eon ngudi, tii Mnh tl, xd hOi din chinh tri, vdn hda... eua tdt ed cdc qude gia ttln todn thi gidi. Trudc nhiing thay ddi dd, vai ttd cua nhd nude eiing thay ddi, ddi hdi phdi cd sy ddnh gid vd xdc dinh lgi vai ttd cda nhd nudc, cda chinh phii ttong qud ttmh phdt tilln. Nhd nudc ttr chd don thudn chi dupc eoi Id cdng cy thdng tri giai cdp, bg mdy cai tri, dd chuyin sang ldm chuc ndng cua ca quan cdng quyin, qudn ly xd hOi, bO may phyc vu, eung cdp djch vy cdng. Tu dd, thugt ngtr "chinh phu Min tgo" ra ddi.Khi chi ra cdc ddc tnmg chu ylu cua "chinh phu Mdn tgo", trich nhi$m giii tiinh (account- abiiity) la ddc tnmg dupe luu tdm vd nhdc tdi ngay cang nhilu.
Trdch nhiem giai trinh cd tiie dupc xem xlt d cac gdc do khde nhau, theo dd, cd thi phan chia thdnh: 1 / Trdch nhiem giai trinh vl chinh trj; 11 Trdch nhiem giai trinh vl hdnh chinh; 3/ Trdch nhiim giai ttinh vl nghi nghigp; 4/ Trdch nhiOm gidi trinh vl xd hOi. Trong pham vi nin hanh chinh nhd nudc, trdch nhigm gidi ttinh ed thi ehia thdnh ba loai: ttdch nhigm giai ttinh cua co quan hdnh chinh nhd nudc tnrdc co quan quyin lye; ttdch nhigm gidi frinh frong nOi bO eo quan hanh chinh vd frdch nhiera gidi trinh cua ca quan hdnh ehinh vdi xa hOi. Trong pham vi bdi
L Y L U A N C H I N H T R | - S 6 7 / 2 0 2 0
^ J THl/C TIJN - KINH NGHlgM
viil nay, lac gja xm d l cap din trdch nhiem giai trinh cda he thdng hanh chinh nha ntroe ma dling ddu la chinh phii vdi xd hoi.
1. Khai nifm tracb nhifm giai trinh Nghien cim Uch sii ra ddi eua nhd nudc cd till thdy, eiing nhu cae qude gia phuong Ddng khdc, Viet Nam cd mgt nen hanh chinh ldu ddi. trong dd da cd nhiing quy dinh ve ttach nhiem cua nhan viln nhd nudc va chinh quyin cdc cdp ttong nin quan c h l tap quyin cua Vigt Nam". Nhiing quy djnh nay dugc thilt ldp tiieo nhiing tap tyc cd tti xa xua. hodc do bg mdy giup vigc cho vua bien soan. Nhu vdy, xlt vl ban chdt. hogi dgng giai trinh dd xudl hi|n ni rat sdm dWgt Nam.
Cdch mgng thdng Tdm (1945) thdnh cdng, Ddng ta ma dung ddu la Chd tjch Hd Chi Minh dd bdt tay ngay vdo xdy dyng mOt nhd nudc Miu mdi, theo tinh thdn ddn chu, tiln bO - Nhd nudc Vigt Nam Ddn chu COng hda Trong bO mdy Nha nudc nay, Chu lich Hd Chi Minh ddc bill quan tdm den ttdch nhiem cua Chinh phu. Theo dd, ttdch nhiem cda Chinh phu la "phuc vy nhan dan".
Ngudi nghiim tuc chi ra trdch nhigm cua Dang va Chinh phd "la p/j^7ilf5uc c/idm nom din ddi sdng cua nhin dan. NIu dan ddi, Dang va Chinh phu cd ldi; niu dan ret la Ddng vd Chinh phu cd ldi; niu ddn ddt la Dang vd Chinh phu cd ldi; niu dan dm la Ddng va Chinh phu cd ldi. Vi vay. can bg Ddng va chinh quyin tu ttln xudng dudi. deu phai hit sOc quan tim din ddi sdng eua nhin dan"'^\ Trong bai Din van ddng ttln bao Sy That (ra ngdy 15-10-1949), Chu tich Hd Chi Mmh khdng dinh: "Nudc ta la nudc dan chu. Bao nhieu lpi ich diu vi dan. Bao nhieu quyin han diu cua dan... Chinh quyin ttr xd din Chinh phu Tnmg uong do dan cii ra. Doan till ttr Trung uong den xd do dan td chiic nen. Ndi tdm lai, qmen hanh va lyc lupng diu d noi dan''°'. Vi vay, mgi quyet sach eua Chinh phu phai xudt phdt ni tam tu.
nguyen vpng, y ehi cua dan, "phdi tim mgi cdch gidi thich cho moi mdt ngudi din hidu rd ring.
Vigc dd Id lpi ich cho hp vt nhigm vy cua hp, hp phdi hdng hdi Iam cho ky dugc"'^', ngay ca nhung viec ttyc tilp cd lpi eho ddn, nhu ddp dl. hO dl, tdng gia sdn xudt. binh dan hpc vy... d l "dugc dan chiing ddng y" va 'Mii ldng ra sue Iam". Trgng Chmh phd. can bO cd ttdch nhiem "dem ehinh sdch cda Ddng, cua Chinh phu gidi tiiich cho ddn Chung hiiu rd vd tiii hdnh. Ddng tiidi dem tinh hinh cda dan chiing bdo edo cho Ddng, cho Chinh phu bilu rd, de ddt chinh sdch cho dung""^.
Tu tudng cda Hd Chi Minh vl mOt ehinh phd phye vg. vdi ttdch nhigm nhu ttln ed y nghia to ldn ddi vdi vi|e xdy dyng va vgn hdnh Chinh phd Min tgo d Vigt Nam hi|n nay. Theo dd, Chmh phu Min tgo, bin cgnh vai trd Min thilt, tgo dyng mdi trudng sdng va hogt dOng tdt nhdt cho mpi ngudi dan, nhdm phdt huy tdi da sue dan thi bdn than Chinh phu phai ed du ndng lye, sy minh bgch, dd kha ndng gidi trinh trudc xa hOi.
Trdch nhigm gidi trinh cua Chinh phu Min tao cd till hiiu Id trdch nhigm cua Chinh phu trong vigc cung cdp, giai thich, lam rd cac thdng tin v l viOc thyc hign nhigm vy, quyin ban dugc giao, vd vigc phdi chiu ttdch nhiim vl kit qud thye hign cdc nhigm vy, quyin hgn do trudc xa hOi, ea quan vd Id chiic cd Uen quan. Vigc tiiyc hiln frdch nhigm gidi ttinh cua Chinh phu ddi vdi xa hOi ed thi chd dOng hodc ^di trinh hi dOng. Gidi trinh ehu dOng la cdc td chire, ed nhan ttong Chinh phu ehd ddng thdng tin, ehu dOng cdng khai nOi dung hogt dOng eua minh din vdi xa hOi. Gidi trinh bj dOng la edc eo quan, td chuc, cd nhan ttong Chinh phd eung cdp thdng tin tiieo ylu cdu cua xd hOi.
Trach nhiem gidi ninh cua Chinh phu Min tao tnrdc xd hOi gdm hai Miia canh:
Thd nhat, do li trich niu$m cua Chlnh phu trong cung cip, giii thich, lim rd thdng tin mpf
LyLUANCHfNHTR!-S67/2020
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cich cdng khai, minh bach vd viec thuc hien nhi$m v{i. quydn h^n duqc giao. Trong nha ntrdc phdp quyin XHCN, ttach nhiera giai trinh Id bilu hign eua co chl gidm sat, Mem sodt quyin lye eua nhdn dan ddi vdi ea quan nha nudc ndi chung vd Chinh phu ndi rieng. Vile cung cdp, gidi thich ddy du, cdng khai va rainh bach thdng tin si gdp phan lam gia tdng niem tin cua nhan dan ddi vdi Chinh phu. Tii dd, gdp phan phdt huy tri tug, tinh tieh cyc va sy tham gia cua nhdn dan vdo cdng vile cda Nha nudc, tgo sy ddng ihugn eao ttong xa hOi va tang cudng dan chu, gdp phdn quan ttgng vao viec bao dam dn dinh chinh tri - vdn la dilu Men can thilt cho sy phdt triln bin viing cua qudc gia. Vile ctmg cdp thdng tin phdi dirpc thyc hien kjp thdi, minh bgch, dung trinh tu, tini tue theo quy djnh eua phdp lugt va thudn lpi cho nhdn dan.
Thuhai, Chinh phu phai nhan trichnhiem va cbfu trich nhiem trudc xa hdi doi vdi cic kdt qui thi/c hien nhiem vu, quydn han duoc giao. Vile Chinh phu phdi chiu ttdch nhiem ddi vdi kit qud cdng vile dupc giao nhu la he qua cua vile khdng till gidi ttinh bode thtia nhgn sysai phgm gay ra hau qua ttong qud trinh thyc thi edng vu.
Chinh phu phai gdnh chiu hinh phgt khi de xay ra hdu qud tiiu eye ttong cdc cdng vile eua minh nhdm hirdng den sy bao dam quyen dan chd trong qud ttinh qudn ly nha nudc va bao dam dl nhdn dan thye hien quyen giam sat eua minh ddi vdi Chinh phii.
2. Tinh tat yeu khach quan thyc hifn trach nhifm giai trinh trong xSy dyng va van hanh Chinh phu kien tao ff Viet Nam
Trdch nhiem giai trinh frong xay dyng va van hdnh Chinh phd Men tgo la mOt biln phap dl Mim sodt quyin Itrc Nhd nudc, bao ddra quyen lam chd eua nhdn dan ddi vdi cdc edng viec cda Nha nudc. Thyc hien frdch nhiem giai trinh
ttong qua trinh van hanh va xdy dyng mOl Chinh phu Men tgo d nude ta hien nay la mOt tdt ylu khdch quan, xudt phdt tti ngudn gde, ban chat cua nhd ntrdc phap quyin XHCN Vigt Nam, ttr yeu cau cua qua trinh ddi mdi va hOi nhgp qudc tl, ciing nhu yeu cau nOi tgi cua bO mdy hdnh chinh nha nudc.
Thti nhat, thyc hien trich nliiem giai trinh xuat phit td ngudn gdc va ban chat cua Nha nudc Cong bda XHCN Viet Nam. Nha nude ta la nha nude eua Nhan dan, do Nhdn ddn, vi Nhdn dan.
Dilu 1, Hien phdp nam 1946, Ban Hiln phdp ddu tien eua nude Viet Nam Ddn chu COng hda dd khdng dinh: "Nudc Viet Nam la mOt nude ddn chu cOng hda. Tat ca quyen binh ttong ntrdc la eua loan thi nhan dan Vet Nam, khdng phan bill ndi gidng, gai, trai, giau ngheo, giai cdp, tdn giao". Hiln phdp ndm 2013 quy dinh: "Ntrdc Cdng hda xd hOi chd nghIa Viet Nam do Nhdn dan lam ehu, tat ea quyen lyc nha nudc thugc vl Nhan dan ma nen tang la liln minh giira giai cdp edng nhdn vdi gjai cdp ndng dan va dOi ngu tri thlic"; "Nhdn dan thyc hien quyin luc nha ntrdc bdng dan chu true tilp, bdng ddn chd dgi dign thdng qua Qudc hdi, Hdi ddng Nhan dan va thdng qua edc co quan khac cua Nha nudc"
(Qudc hdi ntrde Cdng hda Xa hdi Chu nghia Vigt Nara, 2013). Do do. Chinh phu, vdi tu each la co quan hanh phdp, cd ttach nhiera giai trinh trudc Nhan dan ve viec thyc thi nhiem vu cua minh.
Thd bai, yeu cau phit trien kinh te, boi nhap qudc teva su ning cao vedin tri, suquan tim cua xi hoi ddi vdi cac edng viec cua Nha nude.
Sy phat trien kinh te dat ra nhilu thii thach mdi ddi vdi quan ly cua Nha nudc. Yeu cau cdng khai, minh bach, nhanh chdng, thuan lgi ttong quan ly, ttong cdc co che, ehinh sdch, ciing nhu cdc thu tuc hdnh chinh de tgo dieu Men cho thi tnrdng, doanh nghiep va ngudi dan ngay cang
LYLUANCHINHTRI-S67/2020
| J 3 THIfCTliN-KlNHNGHItM
cao. Do dfi, tiiuc hifn trich nhifm giii trinh li mfit tit ylu ttong qui ninh xiy dung va vin hinh Chinh phii kiln t<io.
Qui trmh toin ciu hfia va hfii nhip quoe tl, su phit tilln miinh ml ciia khoa hpe efing nghf, die bift li cfing nghf thfing tin nhuhif n nay dfii hfii cic qufic gia phii tii eau tnic nin kinh tl, ning eao ning lye e^nh tranh eua qufic gia. Hfii nhip qufic tl dfii hfii mfii qufic gia phii tiiich iing vfii nhihig chuin mye chimg, quy tic chimg sin choi chung... Dfc bift, nfi dit ra ylu eiu biic thilt vl cii eich hinh chinh, nhit li cii eich thi chl, chinh sich, chit lugng cfing chiie.
ning lyc, phong cich dilu hanh cua Chinh phii.
ylu tfi till ehi li mfit ttong eie tiiu chi dinh gii ning lyc c^nh tranh eiia mfit qufie gia. Tuy nhiln, 6 tiiu ehi niy, Vift Nam ehi dgt 50 dilm, xip tiiu 94/140 qufie gia du<;ic khio sit". Vi viy, eil cieh hinh chinh nfii ehung thyc hi|n D^eh nhifm giii tiinh eiia Clhinh phii trufic xi hfii nfii riing li dilu kifn ein thilt, gfip phin ning cao ning lyc eanh tianh eua qufic gia trong qui tiinh hfii nhip. Mfit nin hinh ehinh minh bach, hifu qui gin vfii trieh nhifm giii trinh si li moi tiiifing tiiufnlpidltiiuhutdiunr, tinic diy ting tiitftng kinh tl, giii quyit cic vin dl xi hfii, lim eho kinh tl phit tiiin bin vimg.
Cting vfii sy phit diln ciia cfing nghf thfing tin vi truyin thong trinh dp din tri cua nhin din Vift Nam eung ngiy cing dupc ning cao, giup eho ngufii din tilp cfn thfing tin nhanh hon vi cfithldpcvihilu dupc cie vin bin do Nhi nufic ban hanh, nim bit quyin lgi, nghia vu, tiich niuf m eiia minh, eiuig nhu ngbia vy vi trieh nhifm cua Chinh phii tiong thye thi efing vy.
Trinh dfi din tri cing cao, ngufii din cing quan tim hon din quyin lim chii cua minh, tham gia nhilu hon, tich cyc hon vao cic efing vife cna nhi nufic; dfing tiifii, eung cfi yfu ciu eao hon
ttung vifc dupe cung d p diy dii tiifing tin. dupe giii diich vi lim rfi miie dfi hoin tiiinh nhifm ni eua cic eo quan nong bfi miy hinh ehinh nha nufic Sy phit tiiin ve mit din ni, sy quan tim vi tiiam gia ngiy cing nch eye cua nhin din vao cie efing vifc ciia nhi nuoe Ii dilu kifn tiiuin lpi cho vifc tiiyc hifn o^ch nhifm giii ttinh ttong xiy dyng vi vin hinh Chinh phii kiln tao.
Thuba, thgchidn trich nhi$mgiii trinh trong qua ttinh v$n banh \ii xay dtmg Chlnh phd Udn tfio dVi$t Nam 1^ tat ydu do nhung h^ chd, bdt cip ttong bd may binh chlnh nha nudc ndi chung vi Chinh pbu ndi rieng Theo cic tiiu chi qufic tl, Vl|t Nam dat kit qui tuong dfii tfit vl hifu lyc ciia eWnh phii vi fin dpih ehmh trj, kilm soit tiiam nhiing vi phip tti cabin, nhung lai tiiua kim cic qufic gia cfi mtic tiiu nhip tiimg bmh thip htm vl tiing nfii cua ngufii din, tiich nhifm giii ttinh eiia Chmh phii''. Trich nhifm giii trinh li mfit ttong 6 tiiu ehi dinh gii chit lupng Quin trj nha nufic'", Wy nhiln, theo dinh gii cua Ngin hing thi gifii, Vift Nam chi dgt khoing 10/100 dilm liln quan din tiiu chi niy". Ngoii ra, eic chi sfi do lirfing khic nhu PAPI, Chi sfi cfing ly... eiing phan inh thye tiang thyc hifn ttich nhifm giii ninh ciia bfi miy hinh chinh nhi nufic vfii kit qui tupng ty""'.
Bio cio Vi0t Nam 2035: Hudng tdi s(r thinh vugng, sing tao, cong hing vi din chii cflng nhin dinh, ttong ba ylu tfi till chl li fin diitii chmh m, ttpng lupng tiing nfii cua ngufii din vi tiich nhifm giii ttinh ciia chmh quyin, vi chit lupng dilu tilt hoat dpng kmh doanh tiii; "chi sfi ttpng lupng Hing noi oia ngufii din vi ttich nhifm giii trinh cila ehinh quyin 6 Vif t Nam vin nim fi nhom mufii qufic gia thip nhat vi so vfii cic qufie gia kliie thi tiiii hang niy tit nim 1996 tfii nay lai efi xu huong giim di""" vi xie dinh diy li mfit ttong ba rio ein thi ehlhif n nay eua Vift
Lf LUANCHlNH TRj-S< 7/2020
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Nam. Vi v§y, tiiyc hi|n trdch nhiem gidi tiinh frd tiidnh ylu cdu tiiilt ylu cua Viet Nam hien nay.
Ngodi ra, hO thdng hdnh ehinh hien hdnh cdn cdng kinh, nhilu tdng ndc vd "chua tao lap dupc bO mdy edn bO. cdng chiic cd tmh chuyen nghiip eao ""^' Id sdc cdn rdt ldn dang dnh hudng din tiln tiinh phdt triln Mnh t l - xd hgi va hOi nhdp qudc tl cua ddt nudc.
3. Ngi dung giai trinh cua Chinh phu NOi dung cdn gidi triiUi cua Chinh phu la
" nhiing nhigm vy, quyin hgn md phdp lu^t quy djnh cho tiing vj tri, chiie danh cy thi gdn Uln vdi tinh hpp ly, hgp phdp vd tinh higu qud frong vi|c thyc hiln nhi|m vy, cdng vu dd""'". Tuy vdo mdi Unh vuc khde nhau, ehu the ylu cau frdch nhiOm gidi trinh khdc nhau ma ndi dung gidi trinh eua Chinh phd eung khdc nhau. Thdm quyin [bao gdm cdc nghia vy va cdc quyin dl thyc hiOn chiic ndng, nhiOm vy) eua Chinh phu si trd Idi eho cdu hdi Chinh phu cd trdch nhigm gidi trinh vdn dl gi, tiic Id nhi|m vu, quyin ban cda Chinh phd din dau thi ttdch nhigm gidi trinh eua Chinh phu din dd. Trong td ehiic bO mdy nhd nudc, Chinh phu thyc hien quyin hdnh phdp vd tham quyin ndy bao triim mgi mdt ddi sdng, Mnh tl, xd hOi eua qude gia. Cung vi vdy md khdng thi cd mOt dgo luat nao chira dyng hit ede quy dinh ehi tilt vl nhiem vy, quyin hgn cda Chinh phii md nd ndm rdi rac d hdu hit cdc dgo lu|t ttr Hiln phdp din cdc luat nhu Luat Td chtic Chinh phu,... va cdc vdn ban dudi lugt. Tuy nhiln, dya vao Hiln phdp va edc luat td chiic ca quan nhd nude vdn ed ihl phan djnh nhiem vy, quyin ban cua Chinh phu dl tti do xde dinh ndi dung frdch nhigm gidi frinh cda Chinh phu.
0 Vigt Nam, nhiem vy, quyin hgn cda Chinh phu dtrgc quy dinh tgi Chuong VII Hiln phap ndm 2013, Chuong II. Ill, IV Luat Td ehiic Chinh phii ndm 2015. ngodi ra cdn duge quy dinh bd
sung ttong nhilu luat khde vl td ehiic cae co quan nhd nudc vd cac lugt chuyen ngdnh.
Nhiem vy, quyin ban eua Chinh phii bao gdm nhiem vu, quyin hgn chung ciia Chinh phu;
nhiim vy, quyin hgn cua Thu tudng Chinh phu;
nhiim vy, quyin ban cda cdc bO trudng va thu trudng CO quan ngang bO. Dua theo nhiOm vy, quyen hgn ehung cua Chinh phu thi nOi dung trdch nhigm gidi ttinh cua Chmh phd bao gdm:
Thti nhit, trdch nhigm gidi trinh ddi vdi nhigm vy, quyin ban ddc trung cho quyin hdnh phdp la td chuc thi hanh Hiln phdp vd phdp lu^t.
Thuhai, hdu hit cdc vdn bdn phdp lu^t duge thdng qua bdi Qudc hOi diu do Chinh phu khdi thao. Do dd, Chinh phu eung phdi chju frdch nhiem gjdi trinh cdc vdn dl ndy sinh frong hoach dinh chinh sdch va trinh dy dn lugt, phdp llnh.
TTiufaa, quyin ban va niii|m vy eiia Chinh phd dupc quy dinh cy the frong Lu^t td chuc Chinh phd, frong dd djnh rd trdch nhigm vl qudn ly vd phat trien Mnh tl; qudn ly tdi nguyin, radi ttudng, ung phd vdi biln ddi khi hgu; khoa hgc cdng nghg; gido dye va dao tao; vdn hda thi thao vd du Uch; thdng tin vd tmyIn thdng; edng tdc dan tOc;
cdng tdc tin ngudng, tdn gido; qudc phdng; ea ylu; an ninh qudc gia, frdt ty, an todn xd hgi; bdo vl quyin va lpi ich eua Nha nudc va xd hOi, quyin ran ngudi, quyen cdng dda CMnh phd chiu ttdch nhiem thdng nhdt quan Iy nhd nudc ddi vdi mpi hoat dOng ttln, vi vdy, Chinh phd ciing cd ttdch nhiem gidi trinh ddi vdi vile hoach djnh chinh saeh quan ly; each thiic, bien phap quan ly; va kit qua quan ly... Do dd, Chinh phu cd ttdch nhiOm giai trinh vl kit qua eiia cdc boat dOng ndi frin.
Thutu, Chinh phii ed frdch nhigm gidi trmh ddi vdi vile thyc hien nhigm vy vd quyin hgn eua minh ttong ddi ngogi vd hdi nhdp qudc tl.
Thunim, Chinh phd cd ttach nhiem giai ttinh ve van de nhan sy cua Chinh phu, chdng hgn vdn
L Y L U A N C H I N H T R I - S O 7 / 2 0 2 0
U THt/C TI^N - KINH NGHI|M
d l td chuc bd may hdnh chinh nhd nudc. c h l dO cdng vy, can bo. cdng chuc vien chtic va cdng tac tili dua, khen tiiudng; edng tdc thanh tta, Mem tra.
tiep cdng dan, gjdi quyet khieu ngi, td eao. phdng chdng quan Ueu, tham nhiing, ldng phi; van d l nhdn sy ddi vdi chinh quyin dia phuong, v.v..
Xhu vgy, cd thi thay, ndi dung trdch nhigm giai trinh cua Chinh phu Id rdng ldn, bao trum mpi mdt ddi sdng xd hOi.
4. Giai phap thuc day thyc hifn trach nhifm giai trinh trong xay dyng \ a van hanh Chinh phu kiln tao
Xdy dyng Chinh phii Men tao suy din cung la xay dyng mOl Chinh pbu hanh dpng vi nhdn dan. Xdy dyng va van hanh chinh phd Men lao cdn dupc thye hign ddng bO va tren nhilu phuong di|n, trong dd, tiiyc hiln ttdch nhiera gidi ttinh ndi chung, trach nhiem giai trinh cda Chinh phd ddi vdi xa hpi ndi rieng la tien d l tiiyc tiln edn tiiilt, edn dupc thue day vd phai ttd thdnh boat ddng thudng xuyIn trong bd mdy hanh ehinh d Viet Nam hign nay. Cae giai phap chd ylu thuc day thye hien ttdch nhiera giai trinh vdi xd hgi ttong xay dyng va van hanh Chinh phd Men tgo d Viet Nam hign nay la:
MQtIi. day manh qui Oinh xay dung vi hoin thi$n Nha nudc phap quyen XHCN, phit huy quyen lam cbu cua nhan din. Da dang hda cic hinh thlic thuc bien trich nhiem giai ttinh. Trong dilu Min cua Viet Nam hien nay, day manh qua trinh xdy dyng va hoan tiiien Nhd mrdc phap quyen XHCN se khien eho viee tiiuc hien ttdch nhiem giai trinh ndi chung va ttdch nhiem giai trinh gitia Chinh phu vdi nhdn dan ndi rieng ttd nen mang tinh khach quan, la qua trinh tu than trong xay dyng va \an hanh Chinh phu Men tao.
Qua ttinh xa\' dyng, hoan thien nha nudc phdp quyin XHCN Viet Nam hien nay can phai dugc quan ttiet theo tinh than Nghj quyet Tnmg uong
6 khda XII \'d tidp tyc ddi mdi, sip xep tdchuc^Q miy ctia h$ thdngchinh trj. tinh gon. f^^^'^^^
hi?u iuc. lu$u qua. Theo dd. bg mdy nhd nude can phdi dugc td chuc ggn nhg, rd rang, cy dil v chuc ndng, quyen hgn \'a trach nhiem, ph^ t^^
dilu Mgn d l ngudi dan d l tiep cgn, dl ddi tiiogi, d l Mim tta, gidm sat va ddng gdp tri tug, sdng Min vdo vigc quan ly nhd nudc va xd hdi. Trong xay dyng bO may Nha nudc, cdn phdi chu ttpng
\icc ddi mdi td chiic va hogt dOng cda Qudc hgi tiieo hudng ehuyin ttpng tdm tii quy djnh quyin eua bO mdy nhd nude sang xdc dinh nghia vy, ttdch nhigm cua edc coquan nay ttong radi quan hg vdi nhan dan, tdng cudng ttanh luan, phdn bign, gidm sdt, dua ra cdc quyit djnh dudi hinh tiiiic ludt"'". Tdng cudng sy gidm sat cua co quan ttr phap ddi vdi qua ttinh hogch dinh, tiiyc thi chinh sdch vd viec tiiyc hien trdch nhiera gidi trinh cua Chinh phu ttong qud trinh dd. Hodn thign co chl d l Mat fran Td qudc Viet Nara vd cdc td chirc chmh tri - xd hOi tiiyc hien viec phdn bien xa hdi ddi vdi hoat dOng cua bO may hanh chinh nha nudc ndi chung va ciia Chinh phu ndi riing, bao ve quyin va lpi ich hgp phdp cua ngirdi dan.
Trong Chinh phu, frach nhiim cd nhan cdn duge xdc dinh ro rang va bao dam frIn tiiyc tl.
Thu tudng Chlnh phu, cac Phd Thu tudng, cac BO trudng phai neu guong, thuc hien nghiem tiie trach nhiem giai trinh khdng chi frong ndi bO, tmdc Dang, tnrdc Qudc hgi ma can phai ehd ddng va nghiem tue tiiyc hien trach nhiem gidi trinh tmdc xa hOi thdng qua cac cupc gap go, ddi tiioai vdi nhdn dan; tdng ctrdng eac cam ket ttong hanh ddng va chiu frdch nhigm ve nhiing van d l ma Chinh phu da cam kit tnrdc Dang, Qudc hOi, va nhan dan. Chu ddng giai ttinh cdc vdn de quan ttpng, ehu tnrong, chinh saeh mdi. nhimg van d l cdn chua tiidng nhdt, gdy du lugn tiiong qua nhieu phuong thirc khac nhau tnrdc xd hOi
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-S67/2020
Jl
Ngoai ra, Chinh phu cdn day manh va nghiem nic Mim tta. tiianh tta vigc tiiyc hiln N ^ dinh sd 90/2013/lvro-CP vl ti^eh nhiem giai trmh eua CO quan Nhd nudc tiiuOc tham quydn quan Iy, Miuyen khich cdc dia phirong va co quan ttong bO mdy hdnh chinh thyc hiOn ttdch nhiim gjai trinh mOt cdch ehii dOng, tao chuyin biln manh me d l vi^c thye hign ttach nhigm giai trmh cua Chinh phu vdi Nhdn dan ttd thdnh boat dOng thyc tiln, tiiudng xuyIn va cd chdt lugng.
Cdn phdi chu ttgng hon hinh thirc giai trinh trudc cdc co quan cda Qudc hOi d l Qudc Hdi cd thi thu thgp thdng tin (y Men, quan dilm, ehiing Cli, dti U|u...) v l nhirng vdn d l chinh sach tu cac caquan thuOe Chinh phd, cac chuyen gia tir ben ngoai, edc td ehiic ddn sy, hiip hOi, doanh nghiip, cd nhdn, cdng ddn nhdm muc dich tang cudng chdt lugng ra quyit djnh. Dilu frdn tai ede Uy ban cua Qudc hOi mang Igi lpi ich cho ca 3 ben: Qude hOi, Chinh phd va Nhan dan'^^'.
Hai la, phit buy vai tro cua he thdng phan bi$n xi h0i ddi vdi eic hoat ddng giii tnnh cua Chinh phU vdi ngudi dan. Trong qua frinh xay dyng va van hdnh Chlnh phu Men tao, he thdng phdn bign xd hOi ed vai ttd rat ldn ttong thiie ddy Uiyc hiln ttdch nhiim gidi trinh giiia Chlnh phu vdi ngudi dan, ttong phdng ngiia va khdc phyc cdc bilu hien tha hda con ngtrdi ve mat chinh tri, gdp phdn phdt huy quyen lam chu Nha nudc cua nhdn dan. Phan biln xa hdi nhdm "phat hiln nhiing nOi dung cdn thieu, chua sdt, chua dung, chua phil hgp frong cac van ban dy thao cua cac CO quan Ddng, Nha nirdc""^', Men nghi nhiing nOi dung thilt thyc, gdp phdn bao dam tinh dung ddn, phu hgp vdi tiiuc tiin ddi sdng xd hOi vd tinh hieu qua frong viec hogch djnh chinh sdch, phap lugt cda Nha nude, bao dam quyin vd lgi ieh hpp phap cua nhan dan, phat huy dan chd, tdng cirdng ddng thudn xa hOi.
Sy phan bien eua xd hOi lam eho cdc quyet djnh cua Chinh phu phai chdp nhgn sy ep xdt vdi edc y Men frai chilu, bude Chinh phu phai giai thich mOt each rd rang, minh bach, cung nhu phai chiu ttdch nhiem tnrdc nhdn dan v l cac quyit djnh cua minh.
Ben canh do, cdc hogt dpng phan biln thudng gay anh hudng dang k l Ien ddi sdng cua nhan dan. Trong thdi dgi bting nd thdng tin, sy phat triln manh me cua tmyen thdng, va hOi nhap qudc te, vai ttd tieh eye eua Mat frdn Td qudc Viit Nam, ciia cdc doan the chinh tri - xa hOi, cua tmyen thdng giup eho ede hoat dOng phdn biln ngay cang dtrpc xd hOi hda. Cdc quyet djnh cua I ^ d nude ndi chimg va Chinh phii ndi riing, do dd, ciing dupc du ludn quan tam hon, ddi hdi mpt sy giai thich thau dao ciing nhu phai chiu ttach nhiem tu phia Chinh phu ddi vdi nhiing hg luy phdt sinh tu cdc quyet djnh dd.
Dl boat ddng gidi trinh eua Chinh phu mang lai hieu qua, can thyc hien da dang cdc kinh giai trinh, ttong dd day raanh thyc hien gidi trinh thdng qua cae phuong tiln tibdng tin dgi chung.
Vdi sy phat triln cua cdng nghi thdng tin va tmyIn thdng, Vet Nam da va dang dp dung hinh tiiiic giai trinh ndy qua cdc kenh nhu: "Cdng tiidng tin dien tu Chinh phu"; "Diln dan canh ttanh qudc gia", "Dan hdi - Bd tnrdng tta ldi", nhung hinh thiic nay van cdn can thdi gian dai d l danh gia miic dp hai long eua nhan dan eilng nhu hieu qua ddi vdi ttach nhiem giai trinh cua Chinh phu.
Bala, nang cao nang l!£: giai tiinh cua can bo, cong cbm trong cic ca quan thuoc Chinh phu.
Theo do, can bg, cdng chiic can phai thudng xuyen dtrpc boi dudng, dao tao vl chuyen mdn, nghiep vu de ndm ro, ndm chdc cae nhiem vu, quyen han cua muih. Can bO, cdng chiic cua Chlnh phu phai cd y thiic tu giac hgc tap, ren luyen cac ky nang nhu ky nang giai thich, ky
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-Sd7/2020
i l
THLfCTI^N-KINHNGHllM ning diuylt trinh d l cfi till giii tiiieh. lim rfi vifc thye hifn nhifm vy, qyyln han dypc giao mfit cich diy dii, ngin gpn, d l hifti, sao eho dan bilu ro, hiiu dung vi bilu diy dii Cin bfi, efing chiic cung cin phii n h i n thuc ro trieh nhifm giii tiinh li trieh nhifm gin Uln vfii vifc thyc hiln nhifm vy dupc giao, do do, nfi khfing ehi dimg lai 6 miie dp giii tiiich m i cfin phii chiu ttich nhif m dfii vfii vife thyc hifn eie nhif m vy, quyit dinh eiia minh ttufit nhin din. Vifc thye hifn trich nhifm giii trinh vfii nhin din ciing khfing thi qua loa, dfii phfi, hoic dim diy trich nhifm.Vifc gip gfi trye tilp d l ling nghe tim tu, nguyfn vgng ciia ngufii d i n vi doanh nghifp mfit cich ty nhif n eiing l i dilu ein thilL Bf n c^nh nhiing co c h l tilp xue, lucmg lie ehinh thlic nfii ttln, cin bfi, efing ehiie cin m^iih dan tilp xiic vfii ngufii din vi doanh nghifp thfing qua eie eo c h l phi chinh thiic, ching ban nhu mfi hinh "ei p h i eiing doanh nghif p" dang dupc thye hifn 6 mfit sfi dia phuong hiln nay.
Bdn Ii, ting cuong sir Iinh d^o cua Dingddi vdi cic ho^t ddng cua Chinh phu. Ding Cfing sin Vift Nam l i Ding cim quyin, li li,ie lupng linh dao Nhi nufic vi xi hpi. Mufin thiic diy trich nhifm giii trinh eiia C3iiiih phii dfii vol xi hfii ttong thye thi efing vy thi mpt giii p h i p quan ttpng li phii ting cuong sy lanh dao, giim sit cfia Ding dfii vfii N h i nirfic nfii chung cic boat dpng cua Chinh phii nni rifng •
(1) Pham Duy Nghia: Trach nhiem giii tiinh: vuon tdi nhdng chuSn muc cua mgt ndn hanh diinh pbgc vu phit uidn, https://fsppm.iiiv.edu.vn.
(2) Hfi Chi Minh: Toin tap, L7, Nxb Chinh tti quflc gia,HaN'oi,2000,tt.572.
(3), (4), (5) Hfi Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.5, Nxb Chlnh
01 qufic gia. Hi Nfii. u.1379,1379,506.
(6) Schwab: The Global Compedmvness Report 2018, Switzeriand-WEF, 2018, tt.600.
(7) WIP: World lusdce Project Rule of La"' * * ' ' 2017-2018, hrtps://worldjusaceproject.oig.
(8) 6 chi sfi d l dinh gii chit lugng quin tti qufic gia gfim: tiing nfii vi ttich nhifm giii ttinh. In dinh chlnh tti vi phi bao lyc, hifu lyc dia chinh phi, chit lugng ciia quy d(nh, tiiugng tfin phip luit vi kilm soit tiiam nhOng.
(9) The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), http://mfo.worldbaiik.org.
(10) CECODES, VFF-CRT, RTA & UNDP: Chi s8 Hi$u qui Quin tri vi Hinh chlnh cdng cdp tinh d Vift Nam (PAPI) 2018: Do ludng tu kuih ngbi$m dive din cda ngudi dan;VlASi UNDP: ChlsdCdng ly 2015: Hudng tdi mdt ndn tu phip vi din.
(11), (12) Ngin hingThI gifii vi Bfi Klhoachvi Diu ni Vift Nam: Vi(t Nam 2035: Hudng tdi sg thinh vugng, sing tao, cdng bing vi din chii, Washington, D.C, 2016, tt.96,105.
(13) Bill Thi Cia-TrScfi nhifm giii trinh ciia CMlft phu, http://lyluanchinhtti.vn.
(14) NguySn Thi Ktai Ngin; Tidp mc xiy dgng Nhi nudc phip quydn xa bgi chu nghia dnudc ta theo dudng ldi Dai hgi XII cua Ding http://www.tapehieongsan.org.vn.
(15) Nguyin Diic Lam, Hoing Minh Hiiu, lohn Pat- terson, Kit Dawnay: Bio cio Nghidn cuu didu tiin tai cicuy ban cua Nghi Vien vikhi ning ip dgngd VletNam, Dgan 00049114 - "Ting cudng ning Igc cua cicco quan da/ di0n dVi$t Nam" - Giai doan in, Chi quin: Vin phong Qufic hpi - Chuong ttinh phit ttiln Ufn Hgp qufic, 2011,0.10-17.
(16) Ding Cfing sin Vift Nam: Quydt dinh sd217 - C/D/TWngiy 12-12-2013 vdvi$cBan hinh Quy chd giim sit va phin bi(n xi hdi cda Mil uan Td qudc Vi$t Nam vi cic doin thd chlnh ttj - xs hdi, http://tuUeuvankien.dangcongsan.vn.
L*LU*NCH(NHTRI-S<7/2020
