<^3-^(^
VAN DE DAO TAO, DOI DUDNG VA SD DDNG
DOI NGO CAN BO QUAN LY GIAO DUC HIEN NAY
I HOANG Dire MINH n
T
rong bdi canh kinh t d - xo hpi trong nfldc vd qudc te co nhieu bien ddng, nen giao due Viet Nam dang dUng trudc nhflng ddi hoi phot trien de d a p Ung nhu c d u da dgng cua thdi Icy hdi nhdp, phdt trien kinh te tri thfle, thdi ky cua cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thong. SU ddi mdi vd phdt trien giao due dang d i l n ro tren quy m d todn edu tgo c d hg! tdt de gido due Viet Nam nhanh chdng tiep cgn vdi cdc xu the mdi, tri thUe mdi, nhflng co sd ly lugn, phuong phap to chUe, noi dung gidng dgy hien dgi vd fan dung nhCrng kinh nghiem qude te de doi mdi vd phdt trien.Ddi ngu c a n b$ qudn ly gido due (CBQLGD) Id mgt trong nhflng nhdn t d quan trgng, gdp phan quyet djnh trong vi^c t d ehUc, qudn ly, dieu hdnh c d c hogt ddng gido due trong eae e d quan qudn ly gido due vd cde ed sd gido due. Dieu 16, Lugt Gido due ndm 2005 d d xde djnh; "CBQLGD giU vol tro quan trpng trong viee to chCfc, qudn ly, dieu hdnh cdc hogt dgng gido due". Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh dd ndi: Cdn bg Id edi gdc eua mgi edng viec; cdng vide thdnh cdng hay thdt bgi deu do c d n bd tdt hay kem.
Todn edu hda, n l n kinh te tri thiTc vd c d c h mgng khoa hoc c d n g nghe d d Idm thay ddi vai trd eua ngUdi CBQLGD, tfl mgt nhd qudn ly thu dgng sang mdt nhd Idnh d g o vd qudn ly ndng dgng, thich Ung vdi moi sU thay ddi ngdy cdng cao cua xd hgi.
1. DUdng Idi, chi'nh sach cDa Ddng, Nha nfldc ddi vdi cdng tac dao tgo, boi dUdng CBQLGD
Ddng, Nhd nfldc ta ludn khiing djnh vai trd quylt djnh vd t i m quan trpng cDa ddi ngQ CBQLGD, ddc biet trong giai dogn hidn nay khi gido dgc nfldc ta dang d i i didn vdi nhilu Cd hdi vd thdch thfle. Ngdy 15/6/2004, Ban Bf thfl Trung flPng Ddng da ed Ch? thj so 40- CTfTW ve vide xdy dyng, ndng cao chat Iflpng ddi ngu nhd giao vd CBQLGD. Nam 2009, Bd Chfnh trj da ed Thdng bdo kd't ludn so 242/TB- TW v l tid'p tyc thfle hien Nghj quyet Trung fldng 2 (khoa VIII) ve phfldng hfldng phdt triln giao dgc va dao tgo de'n ndm 2020 ndu rd:
"Day mgnh edng tdc ddo tgo, boi dflSng dpi ngu CBQLGD d td't cd cae d p hpe, bdc hpc dD v l s l Iflpng, ding bd v l ed d u , gidi v l chuydn mdn, nghidp vg". Ngdy 04/11/2013, Ban C h i p hdnh Trung fldng Ddng khda XI dd ed Nghj quylt so 29/NQ-TW v l d i i mdi edn (*) Cyc tn/dng CQC Nhi giio vi Cin bQ quin fA f.0 gd giio dQC, B^ Giio dye vi Dio t^o
bdn, todn didn gido dye vd ddo tgo (GD&DT), ddp flng ydu d u edng nghidp hda, hidn dal hoa trong dieu kien kinh te thj trfldng djnh hfldng xd hdi chD nghTa vd hdi nhdp quoe td'.vv...
Qudn tridt dfldng Id'i eDa Ddng, nhilu van ban quy phgm phap ludt da dflde ban hdnh nhfl: Nghj quye't s l 14/2a05/NQ-CP cDa Chinh phD v l doi mdi cd bdn vd todn dien giao dye dgi hpc Viet Nam giai dogn 2006 - 2020; Quyet djnh so 09/2005/QD-TTg ngdy 11/01/2005 cua ThD tfldng Chinh phD triln khai Ch? thj s l 40- CT/TW. Thfle hidn chflc ndng, nhiem vg dflpc giao, Bd Gido dge vd Dao tao da ban hdnh nhieu van bdn d l eg t h i hda dfldng III cua Dang, ehfnh sach, phdp lugt cDa Nha nfldc nhfl:
Nghi quylt so 08/NQ-BCSD ngay 04/4/2007 cDa Ban Can sfl Ddng Bp Gido dgc vd Ddo tao v l vide phdt triln ngdnh sfl phgm vd cac tafdng Sfl phgm giai dogn 2007-2015; Thdng tfl so 29/2009/TT-BG DDT ngdy 22/10/2009 quy djnh chuin hieu trfldng trfldng trung hpe cd sd, trung hpc p h i thdng vd trfldng p h i thdng cd nhilu d p hpe; Thdng tfl s6 42/2010/TT-BGDDT To churc nhik nudc sd 11/2014
ngdy 30/12/2010 ban hanh quy djnh chuan gidm doe trung tdm gido dye thfldng xuyen; Thdng tfl s l 14/201 inr-BGDDT ngay 8/4/2011 ban hanh quy dinh ehuin hieu trfldng trfldng tieu hpc;
Quylt dinh so 3B2/QD-BGDDT ngdy 20/01/2012 cua Bd trfldng Bd GD&DT v l vide ban hdnh edc chfldng trinh b l i dfldng cdn bd qudn ly gido dye. Nhin ehung, he thong van ban quy phgm phdp ludt tren da tfldng d i i dly dD, djnh hfldng tot cho cdng tdc xay dflng vd nang eao chat Ifldng ddl ngu CBQLGD.
2. Thfle trgng v l sdlUpng, trinh dp chuyen mon cDa dpi ngu CBQLGD
VisdIUQng:
Tfnh dd'n ndm hpe 2013 - 2014, ed nfldc cd khodng 140.000 CBQLGD, chilm trdn 12%
ting s l can bd, edng chflc, vidn chfle nganh gido dgc. Trong dd, CBQLGD lam vide d d p bd, sd, phdng khodng 13.000 ngfldi, ehllm 9,0%. Can bd qudn iy d cac cd sd gido dgc khodng 127.000 ngfldi, chie'm 91,0% (mim non khodng 37.000 ngfldi, ehllm 29,1%; tilu hpe khodng 42.000 ngfldi, chilm 33,0%; trung hpe ed sd khodng 30.000 ngfldi, chilm 23,6%;
trung hpe phlthdng khodng 8.100 ngfldi, chilm 0,63%; gido dgc thfldng xuyen khodng 1.700 ngfldi, chilm 0,13%; trung tam ngogi ngfl, tin hpe, trung tdm ky thugt tong hop hfldng nghidp khodng 650 ngfldi, ehllm 0,07%; trung d p chuydn nghidp khodng 2.300 ngfldi, chilm 0,18%; dgy nghe khodng 1.500 ngfldi, ehiem 0,11%; dgi hpe, cao d^ng khodng 4.000 ngfldi, chilm 0,31%).
Ve trinh d^ chuyin mdn:
Phln ldn dpi ngu CBQLGD cd trinh dd ddo tao tfl eao dang trd len; dpi ngQ cdn bd qudn ly gido dgc cd trinh dp sau dai hpe edn thap. Cy the: ty le CBQLGD ed trinh dp cao dang trd len d Bd GD&DT Id 93%, d eae sd GD&DT la 86%, d phdng GD&DT la 83%; t^ Id ed trinh dd thgc sT d khil sd va phdng chilm 12,5%, trinh dp tiln sT chilm 0,5%. Ty Id cdn bd quan ly ed sd gido dge (CBQLCSGD) pho thdng ed trinh dd thgc sT ehllm 3,5%, trinh dp tiln sTcd 0,1%. T^
le CBQLCSGD dgy nghe cd trinh dp cao dang trd len Id 85,5%; cd trinh do thae sT trd Idn Id 9,2% (chu y l u Id thgc sT). t y Id CBQLCSGD cd trinh dp cao d4ng trd Idn d khoi cde trfldng dgi hpe, eao ding, trung d p ehuyen nghidp la 96%; ed trinh dp thae sT chiem 29,1%, trinh dd tie'n sT chilm 15%.
3. Cong tac dao tao, boi dUdng nang cao chit lupng dOi ngu CBQLGD trong thdi gian qua
Ve cing tic dio t^o:
Can efl cac dieu kien thfle t l , Bd GD&DT da giao cho cdc trfldng Dgi hpe sfl pham Ha Npi, Dgi hpe sfl phgm - Dgi hpe Thdi Nguydn, Dgi hpe sfl phgm Thdnh p h i Ho Chf Ivllnh, Hpc vign Qudn ly gido dgc, Trfldng Dgi hpc Giao dgc - Dal hpc Qud'e gia Ha Npi thfle hign nhiem vg dao tgo chuydn ngdnh qudn ly giao dye 6 trinh dp dgi hpc vd sau dgi hpc. Ddy Id nhflng CP sd giao dye dai hpc ed uy tfn trong vide dao tgo chuyen ngdnh qudn ly gido dye. Nhieu CBQLGD dflpc dao tgo tfl nhflng ed sd gido dge trdn da khang djnh dflpc vai trd cDa minh trong eae ffnh vfle edng tdc.
Vi cong tic bdi dudng:
- D i i vdi CBQLGD khii dgi hpe, eao ding:
tfl nam 2007 d i n 2010, Cgc Nhd gido vd can bp qudn ly cp sd giao dye (NG&CBQLCSGD) da phoi hdp vdi Hpe vien qudn ly giao dye va cdc ddn vj lien quan t l chflc 04 khda boi dfldng tdng cfldng nang lflc qudn 1;^, lanh dgo nhd trfldng eho 618 hidu trfldng trfldng dgi hpe, cao ding. Chfldng trinh boi dfldng dflpe thgc hien trong nfldc 01 tuan va tham quan thfle t l 6 nfldc ngoai 01 tuan. Nhin chung, moi khda hpc da giup hpc vidn ndng cao nhdn thfle, ed tam nhln rdng trong vide xdy dflng k l hoach mang tinh chiln Ifldc. Cae npi dung bai gidng vfla giup ngfldi hpc van dung vdo thfle tien, vfla giup dinh hfldng phdt triln nhd trfldng trong tfldng lai phu hdp vdi yeu d u chuyen dii eDa nen giao dge trong giai dogn mdi, dac biet Id chuyin d l l nhdn thfle cDa ngfldi lam edng tac lanh dgo, quan ly.
- Dd'i vdi edn bd qudn {•^ cde trfldng trung d p ehuyen nghiep: trong nam 2011, Cgc NG&
CBQLCSGD da phoi hdp vdi Dg dn Phat triln gido vien trung hoc pho thdng va trung cap chuyen nghidp, Vg Giao dgc chuydn nghiep to chflc khda tap huln ndng cao ndng lye lanh dao, qudn ly trfldng trung d p chuydn nghidp.
Ndl dung b l l dfldng tap trung vdo ede vd'n de:
djnh hfldng phdt triln gido dye chuydn nghigp vd dao tgo nhdn Ifle theo nhu d u xa hdi;
nhflng van d l cd bdn ve lanh dgo, qudn ly- vd sg v$n dung vdo trfldng trung d p ehuyen nghiep; xdy dflng van hda trfldng trung d p ehuyen nghidp; qudn ly sfl thay d l l : vdn dgng
O
To chiiM! nhil nirtc so 11/2014cho quan ly trfldng trung d p chuydn nghidp;
gidm sdt vd ddnh gid trong trfldng trung d p chuyen nghidp; cdng tdc qudn trj cDa trfldng trung cdp chuyen nghiep; qudn ly qud trinh ddo tgo cua trudng trung c i p ehuyen nghiep; quan ly chat Iflpng dao tao ddi vdi trfldng trung d p chuydn nghidp; qudn ly phdt triln nhdn Iflc trfldng trung d p chuydn nghidp; qudn ly tai chfnh va eo sd vdt ehit cDa trfldng trung d p chuyen nghiep.
Tuy nhidn, vdi dgc thu cDa khd'i cde trfldng dgi hpe, eao ding va trung cap chuydn nghldp Id da ITnh vfle, da ngdnh nghe cho ndn vide b l i dfldng nang cao nang Ifle qudn ly cho ddi ngu cdn bd qudn i-jf khii cdc trfldng nay cdn hgn ehl, ehfla dflde thfldng xuydn.
- Dd'i vdi CBQLGD ede trfldng mim non, pho thdng vd trung tdm gido dgc thfldng xuydn: v l ed bdn, khd'i ede trfldng nay tfldng dd'i thing nhd't v l myc tieu giao due, phfldng phdp gido dge.vv,.. Vi vdy, cdng tde boi dfldng d|i ngu can bd qudn ly cae trfldng mim non, phi thdng va trung tam gido dye thfldng xuyen ludn dflpc quan tdm. Hpc vidn Qudn ly gido dye vd Trfldng CBQLGD thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh Id hai ed sd boi dfldng CBQLGD d i u ngdnh cDa Vidt Nam; hang ndm da to chflc boi dfldng ndng cao nang Iflc qudn ly cho hdng ngan Iflpt CBQLGD.
Hang nam, vao djp hd, Bd Gido dye va Dao tgo da to ehfle mpt so chfldng trinh b l i dfldng cho can bp qudn ly nhfl: chfldng trinh bll dfldng can bd qudn ly trfldng p h i thdng theo hinh thfle lien kd't Vidt Nam - Singapore vdi nhflng chuyen d l mang tinh thid't thyc, cdp nhat, d i i mdi; nang eao nang lflc Idnh dao, qudn iy chuydn mon eho dpi ngu edn bd qudn ly nhd trfldng eDa cdc cap, bdc hpe;
triln khai thfle hidn ede chuan hieu trfldng cac trfldng mam non, tieu hpc, trung hpc vd gidm doe trung tdm giao dge thfldng xuydn;
tdng cfldng ndng Ifle qudn 1;?, dilu hanh nha trfldng eho hidu trfldng/phd hieu trfldng cdc d p , bde hpc, giam dd'c/phd gidm dd'c trung tdm gido dge thfldng xuyen ve eae ndi dung ky ndng gidm sdt, danh gia; cdng tdc nghidn cflu khoa hpc sfl phgm flng dyng; tang cfldng ndng lflc qudn ly, lanh dgo cho hidu trfldng trfldng p h i thdng theo hinh thfle lien k i t Vidt Nam - Singapore; tdng cfldng ky nang qudn ly eho t l trfldng chuydn mdn trong ede trfldng trung hpe; giao dye gid trj sing, ky ndng song
cho hieu trfldng trfldng tieu hpc, trung hpc ed sd, trung hpc p h i thdng; tdng cfldng flng dung cdng nghd thdng tin trong qudn ly nhd trfldng.v.v...
Bdn cgnh vide trien khai thfle hien Nghj quylt s l 29/NQ-tw ngay 04/11/2013 cDa Ban Chip hdnh Trung fldng Ddng khda XI vd d i i mdi chfldng trinh, sdch giao khoa sau ndm 2015, Bd Gido dye va Dao tgo dang trien khai xay dflng vd d l l mdi mgc tidu, ndi dung, phfldng phdp ddo tgo, ddo tao Igi, boi dfldng vd danh gid k i t qud hpe tdp, ren luyen cDa dpi ngu nha gido vd CBQLGD theo yeu eau ndng cao chat Iflpng, trdch nhidm, dgo dflc nhd gido vd ndng Ifle nghi nghidp, ding thdi bo sung edc quy djnh ve e h l dp lam vide, hpc tap, boi dfldng hdng nam cua giao vien, CBQLGD vd thilt k l nhieu ehflpng trinh, ndi dung ddo tgo Igi, boi dfldng phu hpp.
Danh gid qud trinh boi dfldng dpi ngu CBQLGD trfldng mam non, pho thdng trong thdi gian qua, ed the nhgn thiy cdng tde b l i dfldng da dem Igi hidu qud tfch cflc. fi/ldt mdt, da tang cfldng, bo sung cho ddl ngu CBQLGD nhflng hilu biet v l kid'n thfle qudn ly, mat khdc cung Id qua trinh ddo tao Igi, giup ddi ngu CBQLGD nhflng ky nang qudn ly, ky ndng hdnh nghe, giup hp vQng vdng hpn trong lanh dgo, qudn ly nhd trfldng.
Tuy nhidn, edng tae ddo tao, boi dfldng CBQLGD edn mdt s l bd't cgp nhfl: cdng tde qudn ly cac cd sd ddo tgo, b l l dfldng CBQL- GD cDa Bd Gido dye va Ddo tgo ve quy hoach, chflc nang, nhidm vg, phan edng, phdn d p ehfla rd rang; edng tde phdt triln dpi ngQ, cd sd vat chit, d i u tfl, djnh hfldng npi dung b l i dfldng, phfldng thfle boi dfldng... thieu sy ehl dao chat che, thd'ng nhdt, ed vide edn ehong cheo. He thong ede quy djnh v l cdng tac boi dfldng CBQLGD ehfla hodn thidn. He thd'ng cdc cd sd ddo tgo, b l i dfldng CBQLGD ehfla dflpe quy hogch hdp ly. Chfldng trinh, tdi lidu, phfldng phdp boi dfldng CBQLGD lgc hdu, ehfla ddp flng ydu eau doi mdi qudn ly gido dgc dang dien ra d eae dja phfldng. Vide boi dfldng can bd, gidng vien cde ddn vj Idm nhidm vg b l i dfldng CBQLGD ehfla dflpe quan tam thfldng xuydn vd dung mflc. Sfl quan tdm cDa cde trfldng sfl pham d i i vdi edng tdc boi dfldng dpi ngu CBQLGD cho ede dja phfldng vd cd sd giao dgc ehfla tfldng xflng vdi yeu d u , nhidm vg md chD y l u tdp Td chuc nbit nuoc sd 1L2014
®
trung vao vide da ngdnh hda nha trfldng, ehay theo thu nhgp trflde mat. Thieu sg phoi hpp cua cdc cd sd ddo tao vdi ede cd quan qudn ly gido dgc cde dja phfldng trong vide xde djnh nhu eau ddo tgo, b l i dfldng CBQLGD mdt edeh cg the. Chfla cd e h l tdi rang bude trong viec sD dgng ngfldi dflpc ddo tgo, b l i dfldng v l qudn ly gido dge. Mae du so Ifldng can bd dflpc ddo tgo trinh dp cfl nhdn quan ly giao dgc, thgc sT, tiln sT chuydn ngdnh qudn ly gido dye cd tdng, nhflng chat Iflpng ddo tgo, boi dfldng cDa cde cd sd boi dfldng CBQLGD cdn thap.
4. Van de sii dung dpi ngu CBQLGD Trong thdi gian qua, Chinh phD da cd nhilu ehinh sdch, e h l dp nham phat triln dpi ngQ CBQLGD nhfl: e h l dp phy ed'p tham nidn doi vdi nhd gido dang gidng dgy, gido dgc d cac cd sd gido due cdng lap vd cde hpc vidn, trfldng, trung tdm Idm nhidm vy ddo tgo, boi dfldng thudc cd quan nhd nfldc, to chfle ehinh trj, to ehfle ehinh trj - xa hdl; ehinh sdch d l l vdi nha gido, CBQLGD cdng tdc d trfldng chuydn bidt, d vDng ed dilu kien kinh t l - xa hdi dac biet khd khan, trong dd, da md rdng thdi gian hfldng phg d p thu hut cho dd'i tflpng nhd gido, CBQLGD dd h i t thdi hgn edng tde theo quy djnh nhflng ed quan qudn ly gido dge cd tham quyln chfla sdp xep, luan chuyen edng tde trd v l ndi d hoac ndi lam vide euoi cDng trflde khi luan ehuyen den cdng tac d vung cd dilu kidn kinh t l - xa hdi ddc bidt khd khan thi tiep tge dgpc hgdng phy d p thu hut bang 70% mflc Ifldng hien hfldng vd phy cap chflc vg lanh dgo, phg d p thdm nidn vflpt khung (nlu ed). Chfnh sach nay da ddng vidn kjp thdi nhflng d l l tflpng NG&CBQLGD hoac chfla ed dilu kien ludn chuyin, hoac tiep tge tinh nguydn cdng tac tgi vung kinh te - xa hpi dge biet khd khdn...
Tuy nhidn, hign nay cdn thilu mdt so van bdn quy phgm phdp lugt quan trpng ed gia tri phdp ly eao d l dllu chinh nhflng v i n d l trpng ylu trong viec sfl dyng va nang eao chd't Iflpng dpi ngu NG&CBQLGD (nhfl Ludt Nha giao).
Ridng chfnh sdch d l l vdi dpi ngu CBQLGD chfla tfldng xflng vdi loai hinh lao ddng mang tinh ddc thD eao trong xa hdi. Cac CBQLGD Id nhflng nha gido gidi, tidu bieu dflpe dilu ddng Idn edng tde tgi cdc ed quan qudn ly nha nfldc nhflng khdng dflde hfldng e h l dp phu d p thdm nien nhd gido da tgo ra nhflng khd khan
trong vide xdy dflng vd tuyen ehpn ddi ngu CBQLGD cde d p .
5. M$t sd gidi phap nang cao nang \\fc dpi ngu CBQLGD
Mdt li. tilp tyc rd sodt, xdy dflng quy hogch, ke hogch phdt triln ddi ngu CBQLGD; ehu trpng edng tdc tgo nguon vd quy hogch cdn bd qudn ly. Cdng tde quy hogch can bd cd y nghTa rd't quan trpng, giup cho cae d p qudn ly giao dye khdng bj ddng, lung tung trong vide b l nhidm cde ehfle danh can bd qudn ly.
Hai li, rd sodt, cDng co he thd'ng cac cd s6 ddo tgo, boi dfldng CBQLGD. C l n nghien cflu ndng ed'p, tdng cfldng nang Iflc cho cac cd sd hidn cd nhfl Hpe vien Qudn ly gido dge, Trfldng CBQLGD thdnh p h i H i Chf IVIinh va thdnh l$p cdc trung tam boi dfldng CBQLGD theo khu vfle, theo vung d l ddp flng nhu d u bli dfldng thfldng xuyen cung nhfl dai hgn eho dpi ngii CBQLGD trong khu vfle.
Ba li, t l chflc danh gia thgc trgng ddi ngu CBQLGD tren ede phfldng didn tfl tfldng, dgo dflc, trinh dd chuydn mdn, nghiep vg, ndng lgc qudn ly nhd trfldng; xae djnh nhu cau de cd k l hogch ddo tgo lai, b l i dfldng ndng eao ndng Ifle cDa dpi ngO CBQLGD. Tren eP sd dd, xay dflng, hodn thidn ede chfldng trinh ddo tgo, boi dfldng, b l i dfldng thfldng xuydn (cdp nhdt ede van de mdi va theo nhu d u ) dap flng ydu d u cDa cdng tde qudn iy, phu hdp vdi tinh hinh cDa cac dia phfldng va thfle tidn qudn ly gido dgc.
Bin li, xdy dflng he thing ddi ngu gidng vien cde ed sd ddo tao, b l i dfldng dpi ngu CBQLGD, bdo cao vidn cot can dD mgnh, tgo mgng Ifldi rdng khap de cd the trien khai edng tdc b l i dfldng nang cao nang Ifle eho ddi ngu CBQLGD.
Nim li, Tk sodt e h l dd, chinh sdch dii vdl dpi ngu CBQLGD eiJng nhfl dilu kidn ddm bdo thfle hidn edc chinh sdch dd. Thyc hien dllu chlnh, b l sung ede che dp, ehfnh sach, ddc biet la c h i dd lfldng va phg d p theo IflPng nham thue dly, ddng vidn CBQLGD todn tdm, toan y phgc vy sfl nghiep giao dge. B l sung, xdy dgng e h l dd, chinh saeh khuyin khfch CBQLGD tham gia ddo tao, b l i dfldng vd tfl ddo tgo, bli dfldng.
Siu li, rd sodt, dilu chinh, ban hanh mdi cdc vdn bdn quy phgm phdp lugt, tao hdnh lang phdp \9 cho vide xay dflng, nang eao chit Iflpng ddi ngu CBQLGD a
