KHOA HOC CONG N G H |
IXIGHIEIV CIJU KHA IVAIVG GAY DQC CAP TilVH VA HOI CHIJIVG GAIV TIJY DO CYPERMETHRIIV EiAY RA
DOI V d i TdHi SLI VA TOM THE CHAIV T R A I V G
d odivG BAIVG sdivG CIJU LOIVG
Trdn Qudc Vifit^, Nguydn Hdng SonS D6 Phuong ChiS Nguydn Huy ManhS Ddng Thi Hodng Oanh^
T6MTAT
Bai bao nay gidi thieu mot sd kdt qua nghien ciiu ciia Vien Moi tnrong nong nghi&p va Trudng Dai hpc Can Tha vd kha nang gay doc cap tinh cung nhu cac dau hieu gay doc man tinh dac biet la kha nang gay hoi chiing gan tuy do boat chat Cypermethnn gSy ra doi vdi 2 loai torn nuoi nudc la (torn sii va tom the chdn trang) d vimg ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long. D6 dfic cdp tinh oia thudc duac xdc dinh thong qua tri sd LC50 cua thudc va dp dOc man tinh dugc xac djnh thdng qua thi nghiem giai phdu m6 b§nh hgc. Kdt qua nghien cihi cho thdy, tn sd LC50 cua boat chdt Cypermethrin ddi vdi tom sii Post 15 Id 0,0046 mg/]; torn sii trudng thanh la 0,0032 mg/l; torn the Post 12 la 0,0079 mg/l; tom tiie truong flianh la 0,0032 mg/l. Cac gia tri nay deu thap ban tn sd LCgo cua chiing trfin cac loai thuy san ma cac cong trinh nghien cuu tren the gidi da cdng bd, nghia la dg dpc cua nhom Pyrethroid ddi voi tom sii va torn the la cao hon cac loai thuy sinh khac nhu ca chep, ca hdi, ca qua, tom hiim. Vi du LC50 ddi vdi t6m sii tnrdng thanh Id 0,001 mg/ kg (Flegel, 1992); ca chep Id 0,9-1,1 mg/ kg, cd hdi ndu la 1,2 mg/kg, cd hdi van la 3,14 mg/ kg (Bradbury va Coat, 1989); tdm hum la 0,058 - 1,69 mg/ kg (Burrid, 2000); ca chay la 0,4-2,2 mg/ kg (Pahl & Optiz, 1999); ca rd sdng Nile M 5,99 mg/ kg (Sarikaya, 2009); ddng vat than mem va ca nudc ngot la 0,5-2,0 mg/ kg (Stephenson, 1982). Ket qua giai phiu md b6nh hpc ddnh gia kha nang gay hpi chiing hoai tu gan tuy cda thudc Cypermethrin cho thay khi tidp xiic d ndng dp thdp (1060% so vdi tri sd LC50), tom co su bien doi tren viing gan tuy d cac mSu thu d ngay thu 10 va ngay thu 20 sau xu ly thuoc. Bieu hien ciia su bidn ddi la hi^n tupng te bao mau tap trung xung quanh vung gan tuy va mpt s6 thay ddi vd cau tnie cda dng gan tuy. Khi cho tiep xiic d ndng dp thudc cao hon (80% gid tri LC trd I6n), phdn ldn tdm bi chdt cdp tinh trong vong 10 ngay sau tidp xiic vdi thudc.
Tii khda: Cypermethrin, ddc cap tmh, hoi chting gan tuy
1 . DAT VAN BE ^™- Trong khi dd, cdc cdng trinh nghifin ciiu vd tac
^ , , • ^ , . , . - dgng cua thudc BVTV den hfi sinh thai d Viet Nam, Trong fhdi gian gan day, hifin tuong o nhiem j . . ...i,, . ., . . ' J . 4. 1 *. '•.
. , . 1 . . ^, . , = - , dac biet la nghifin ctm ca ban ve xac dmh do doc cap moi trudng do cac hoa chdt ndng nghifip gay ra dang .. , . - t.- u - ^^, •• t>i7-nr .*-••'•*--" '• ^.
. * . ; * ' , . - . . J X . J * . J . tinh va man tmh cua thuoc BVTV doi voi tom con rat dugc de cdp ddn kha nhidu. Gan day, do su gia tang
ve miic dp su dung thudc bao vfi thuc vdt (BVTV), nhieu nha quan ly, nhd chuyfin mdn va ndng ddn bdn khoan Ueu cdc thudc nay cd anh hudng the nao den dinh duong, thanh phan co gidi dat, he vi sinh vat dit, cac lodi ddng vat thuy sinh, thdnh phan thien dich va cdc loai vi sinh vat cd ich khdc?. Dac bifit gdn ddy cd nhidu thdng tin cho rdng vific sir dung thudc
BVTV nhdm Pyretiiroid nhu Cypermetiuin cd anh Nghifin ciiu do Vifin Moi trudng ndng nghiep hudng den tdm nudi nudc lo (torn sii va tdm tiie chan P^o* ^^P ""^ ^d mdn Sinh hpc va Bfinh tiiuy san tidn tidng), gay hifin tirgng teo gan ttiy tir dd gay chdt hdnh tai tiirdng Dai hgc Can Tho tir thang 1/ 2013
ddn tiidng 12/2013.
han chd. De cd nhung thdng tin can thidt phuc vu cdng tac quan ly va hudng ddn su dung an todn thudc BVTV, gdp phan bao vfi mdi trudng va phdt trien ben viing, chiing tdi da thuc hien dd tdi "Nghidn ctiu kha nang giy ddc dp tinh vi man tinh cua Cypermethrin ddi vdi tdm Sli vi tdm the chin trang a ddng bang sdng Cuu Long"
^ Vien Moi trudng Nong nghiep
• Truang Dai hpc Can Tho
KHOA HOC C d N G N G H |
2. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHHV CUU 2 . L V d t Iidu nghifin ciiu
- Nudc thi nghiem: Id nudc dt dugc lly tti viing san xuat mudi, dieu chinh pH = 8,0 va do man 20%o.
- Hda chat tiii nghifim: tiiudc ky tiiudt chiia 97%
boat chat ciia Cypermetiirin.
- Tdm thi nghifim (tdm TTM): Id gidng tdm su vd tdm the chdn tiang sach bfinh, dupc kiem tia siic khde trudc khi xu ly hda chat dd khang dmh khdng hi nhifim trifiu chiing hoai tu gan tuy. Tdm TN tifin 2 dp tudt Id tudi nhd vd tudi ldn. Tdm tudi nhd Id post 15 ddi vdi tdm sii va P12 ddi vdi tdm the chdn trang; tdm tudi trudng thanh Id tdm sau thd tdm 25-30 ngay.
2.2. Phuong phdp nghifin ajru
2.2.1. Phuong phip xic dinh do ddc cap tinh:
dugc xdc dinh thdng qua tri sd LC50 la ndng do cao nhat tai dd gay chdt 50% sd cd thd tdm trong 96 gid.
TN dugc tidn hdnh trong phdng, tdm dugc nudi trong hdp nhua cd dung tich 5 Ht. Mdi cdng thiic nhac l?ii 3 lan. Mat dg tha tdm post Id 30 con/hop, mat dp thd tdm tnrdng thdnh 20 con/hop. Xac dinh LC theo 2 budc:
- Budc 1: TN so bd: dugc tidn hdnh vdi 8 cdng thiic, tiong dd cd 7 cdng thiic su dung thudc d 6 ndng do khdc nhau. Ndng do TN dtroc xac djnh Id ndng do tham khao tiieo tdi lifiu da cdng bd vd tri sd LC50 cua thudc ddi vdi dpng vat thuy sinh vd cac ndng dp cao hon, thap hon ndng dp tham khdo 10, 100 va 1000 lln.
Theo cac tai tifiu cdng bd cua Flegel, 1992;
Bradbury vd Coat, 1989; Burrid, 2000; Pahl & Optiz, 1999; Sarikaya, 2009 va Stephenson, 1982, ndng dp tiiam khao la 0,00000237 mg/kg, do do TN so bd duoc tien hanh vdi 7 cdng thiic su dung thudc d ndng do Id 0,00000000237 mg/kg, 0,0000000237 mg/ kg, 0,000000237 m g / 1^, 0,00000237 mg/kg, 0,0000237 mg/ kg, 0,000237 m g / kg, 0,00237 m g / kg va 1 cdng thiic ddi chiing.
- Budc 2: TN khang dinh: dua tien kdt qua TN so bp de chgn ndng do thudc cho TN khdng dinh. Ndng do thudc thap nhat dupc su dung Id ndng dd tifim can vdi ndng do gay chet 50% ca the tdm d TN so bd. Cdc ndng do tidp theo cao hon ndng do thip nhat 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 va 64 lan. Phuang phap bd tii TN ttrong tir TN khang dinh.
Bd tri TN: Tdm gidng chuyen ve dtrpc dtra vdo
sdc fomanlin a ndng do 100 ppm tiong 30 phiit dd lo?i tdm yeu (khoang 25 - 30% tdm yeu hi loai), sau dd dii^c thuln tiong bd compozit 2 m^ ttr 3-5 ngdy. Nudc 6t cd do man 80%o dupc xu ly bdng KMn04 khoang 4^5 ngay kdt hpp vdi sue khi. Sau do chuyen sang b^
khdc va pha loang vdi nudc nggt ty lfi 1:3 dd d^t dugc ndng dd 20%o (do bdng khiic xa ke), sii dtmg NaaCOa vdi lugng 40 g/m^ dd ndng do kiem l&n khoang 10-20 mg/l, sue khi lifin tuc tnrdc khi si dung. Nhifit dp nudi on dinh 26-28''C. Nhifit dp nu6c va dp man dugc duy tri 6n dinh tiong sudt qud trinh thi nghifim, nhidt dd nudc khdng dupc fhay ddi qui l''C va ndng do man khdng thay ddi qud 2%o trong vdng 24 h.
Pha thudc ky thuat Cypermatiierin vdo xylen theo ndng do TN vd chat hda siia (Saliman). Sau khi pha, tidn hdnh tha tdm vao keo va chdm sdc theo diing quy trinh nudi thdng thudng.
Chi tifiu vd phuong phdp tiieo ddi:
- Dem sd tdm chdt d cac cdng thiic sau xii ly hoa chat 3, 6,12,24,48, 72 vd 96 gid.
- Xdc dinh gid tri LC50 ddi vdi tdm sii vd tom the chan tidng: Tinh ty le tdm chdt theo cdng thiic Abbott va tinh gid tri LC50 theo phan mdn BiostaL
Cdng tiuic Abbott:
a - b Hifiu qua % =
100-b
Trong dd a : Ty lfi tdm chdt 0 cdng thtic;
b : Ty lfi tdm chdt d cdng thiic ddi chiing.
Tir kdt qua TN khlng dinh, xdy dung dudng probit bdng phdn mdm Biostat bidu tiii mdi quan h^
giiia ndng dp thudc vdi ty le tdm chdt
2.2.2. Phuong phip nghien ciiu xic dinh khit nang giy hdi chiing gan tuy o tdm
Thi nghifim dugc tien hanh tifin tdm the cMn tidng tudi nhd vdi 8 cdng thiic, tiong do 7 cdng thiic xtr ly Cypermatiuin d ndng dd bdng 10%, 20%, 4056, 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, ndng do gay chdt 50% sd ca th^
dugc xac dinh d tiii nghiem xdc dinh dp ddc cap tinh vd 1 cdng tiuic ddi chiing. Ndng dO thudc dugc duy tri dn dinh hfin tuc trong sudt qua tiinh nudi. M61 cdng tiuic tili nghiem dugc thuc hifin 3 lan lap lai.
Giai phdu md benh hoc gan ttiy cua tdm 10 ngay/ldn tiong vdng 60 ngdy kd tir ngay xu Iy tiiudc.
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHfi
Mdi bd giai phdu 3 cd thd dd ddnh gia sd ca the tdm TN (0,00000237 m g / lit) ca tdm sii, tdm tiie d ca hai hi nhifim trifiu chiing hoEu tu gan tuy.
8. KET QUA NGHfiU CUU VJt TnAD LUW
3.1. Xdc dinh tri s6 LC^ cua C^ypermethrin ddi vdi Mm sti vd tdm the chdn tidng
3.1.1. Thinghiem sabd
Kdt qua TN s o bfi tgi bang 1 cho thiy, sau kin xu ly Cypermethrin d ndng dp thii 4 tiong day ndng dp
do tudi ddu bat ddu chdt nhung ty lfi rat thap. O cdc cdng thtic xu ly vdi ndng do cao g i p 10,100,1000 lln (cdng tiuic 5, 6, 7), ty lfi chdt sau 96 gid cd tiing nhung khdng nhidu (bang 1). Can cti vdo kdt qua, da chgn ndng do cao nhit tiong day ndng dd (0,00237 mg/lit) Id ndng dp khdi didm cho TN khdng dinh d budc 2.
C6ng tiiiic CTl CT2 CTS CT4 CTS CT6 CT7 CTS
Ndng do (mgA) 0,00000000237 0,0000000237 0,000000237 0,00000237 0,0000237 0,000237 0,00237 D/chung
Ty le chet trong 96 h ( ^ SuPlS
0,00 0,00 0,00 3,33 5,56 8,89 12,22 0
SiiTT 0,00 0,00 0,00 8,33 13,33 13,33 16,67 0
T h e P l S 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,22 4,44 6,67 8,33 0
T h e T T 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,33 6,67 8,33 13,33
0 Ghi chu: TTla trudng thanh
3.1.2. Thi nghidm khing dinh
Tu ket qua thi nghiem so bp tren tdm sii vd tdm the, lua chpn ndng dp 0,00237 m g / 1 ^ Id ndng dg khdi didm bd tri thi nghifim khang dinh de xac dinh tii sd LC50 cua hoat chit Cypermethrm ddi vdi tdm Sli vd tdm the chan tiang. Kdt qua tiii nghifim khlng dinh cho thdy, d ca 7 ndng dd TTJ, Cypermethrin deu
cd the gay chet cho ca hai loai tdm d ca hai do tudi.
Ty le gay chet tdm sti Post 15 bie'n ddng 13,33 - 100%; tdm sii hirdng tiidnh Id 18,33-100%; tdm tiie P12 la 6,67 - 100% vd tdm tiie tiudng tiidnh Id 33,33-100%
(bang 2). Nhu vdy, t^ 1§ chet deu c6 su bidn dgng d khoang nhd hon vd ldn hon 50%, dii didu kifin dd xdy dung dtrdng Probit xdc dinh tri sd LC50.
BJng allele
C6ng thuc CTl CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 CT6 CT7 CTS
ttm Sli yi tbm the ch^t trong thi n g h i ^ khlng dinh O s i hoc Cln Tha, 2013) Nong do (mg/I)
0,00237 0,00474 0,00948 0,01896 0,03792 0,07584 0,15168 Doi chiing
T y l 6 c h A t r o n g 9 6 h 00 SuP15
13,33 40,00 97,78 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00
SiiTT 18,33 88,33 95,00 98,33 100,00 100,00 100,00
-
TheP15 6,67 16,67 55,56 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00
T h e T T 33,33 36,67 68,33 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00
Ghi chu: TTla truang thinh 3.1.3. Xac dinh tris6LC50
TLT k^t qua thi nghi&m k h i n g dmh, su dung
phan mem Biostat de xac dinh tri s6 LC50 tai bang 3 va dung duang Probit (hinh 1,2, 3 va 4).
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl
Hinh 1: Dudng probit xdc djnh tri sd LC50 ciia hoat Hmh 2: Dudng probit xdc dinh tri sd LC50 ciia hoat chdt Cypermetiuin ddi vdi tdm sii p l 5 chdt Cypermetiuin ddi vdi tdm sii tinidng tiidnh
Hinh 3: Dudng probit xdc djnh tr; sd LC50 cila ho^t chit Cypermethrin ddi vdi tfim the pl2 Dua tien phln mdm Biostat, mdi tuong quan giiia Log cila ndng do thudc va ty lfi tdm chdt dugc the hien tren dudng probit tai hinh 1, 2, 3 va 4. Tren CO sd dudng probit, cac gia tii ndng dd gdy chdt 50%
ca the tdm (LC50 dugc xdc dinh tai bang 3).
Qua kdt qua d bang 3 da xac dinh ndng do gay chdt 50% cd thd tdm cua hoat chat Cypermethrin
Bang 3: Kdt qud xdc dinh tri LC50 cua hoat chit Cypermethrin ddi vdi tdm sti vd tdm th^ bing ph^
mdm Biostat (Vidn Mdi faiidng NN, 2014)
Hinh 4: Dudng probit xdc dinh tri sd LC50 ciia hoat chdt Cypermethrin ddi vdi tdm th^ trudng thdnh (LC50) ddi vdi tdm sii P15 Id 0,0046 mg/l, t6m sii ttirdng tiidnh la 0,0032 mg/I, tdm thd P12 la 0,0079 mg/l vd tdm the tnrdng thanh Id 0,0032 mg/l. Nhu vdy, kha nang chiu dtmg Cypermethrin ciia tdm sii vd tdm the trudng thanh la nhu nhau nhung tdm the tudi nhd cd kha nang chiu dung vdi thudc cao hon tdm Sli tudi nhd.
Loai torn SiiPlS
SiiTT TheP12
TheTT
Tytetom ch^t c^n xac
dinh (50%) 50 50 50 50
Gia tri probit tr6n true tung
5 5 5 5
LoglO cua n6ng d6 TN -2,332741272 -2,489749459 -2,100249019 -2,497062461
Nong dp gay ch6t torn theo t^ 1^ da xdc dinh
(LC50) 0,0046 0,0032 0,0079 0,0032 Nghifin cuu nay cho thay dp ddc ciia
Cypermetiuin ddi vdi tdm nudc lg' ddu thap hon tri sd LC50 ciia chiing tifin cac lodi dOng vdt thuy sinh md cac cdng trinh nghifin ciiu trfin thd gidi dd cdng bd, nghia la do dgc ciia nhdm Pyrethroid ddi vdi tdm sii vd tdm the Id cao hon cac loai thuy sinh khac nhu ca chep, ca hdi, ca qua, tdm hum, v.v... VI du LC50 ddi vdi torn Sli tnrdng thanh la 0,001 mg/kg (Flegel, 1992); ca chep la 0,9-1,1 mg/kg; ca hdi nau la 1,2 mg/kg; ca hdi van Id 3,14 mg/kg; (Bradbury va Coat, 1989); tdm hiun Id 0,058 - 1,69 mg/kg (Burrid,
2000); cd chay la 0,4-2,2 m g / k g (Pahl & Optiz, 1999);
ca rd sdng Nile la 5,99 m g / k g (Sarikaya, 2009); dfing vat than mem va ca nudc nggt Id 0,5-2,0 mg/kg (Stephenson, 1982).
3.2. Kdt qua nghifin ciiu khd ndng gdy hOi chiing ganti;iy
3.2.1 .Kd't qui giai phiu md bdnh hoc gan tuy tdm a Id ddi chiing
6 cdng tiuic ddi chiing, cac tifiu ban md bfinh hgc deu cho thay cac mdu tdm thu dugc ddu la mdu
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
tdm khde, tifin viing gan tuy khdng cd diu hieu hoai ttr cung nhu bieu hien ndo bat thudng qua cac lln thu mdu. Kdt qua dugc the hifin trfin hinh 1.
Hinh 1: Md bfinh hgc gan tuy tfim d Id ddi chiing (A:ngdy sau xu I^, B: 20 ngdy sau xit ly) Quan sat d hinh 1 cho thay d gan tuy binh thudng, cac dng gan tuy cd su hifin difin cua cac loai te bdo B, R, F, su phdn nhifim binh thudng cua te bao E vd khdng ghi nhan dugc su hien difin cua cac tac nhdn gdy benh truydn nhifim (vinit, vi khuin) nao.
Ket qua tifin chiing td cac thi nghifim dn dinh tiong sudt thdi gian bd tii thi nghifim.
3.2.2. Kdt qui giai phiu md bdnh hgc gan tuy tdm did xdly tiiud'c Cypermethrin
Kdt qua giai phdu md benh hgc danh gia hdi chung hoai tii gan tuy tai bang 4 cho thay ngay khi xu ly d ndng do bang 10% so vdi tri sd LC da quan sdt thay cd su bidn ddi tifin vung gan tuy d cdc mdu thu d ngay thii 10 va ngay Ihii 20 sau xu ly thudc, cdng thtic 3 va 4 (ndng dd xu ly bang 40% vd 60%) cd tri sd LC50 d ngdy 10 sau xu 1;^. Nhirng mlu thu tu cfing thtrc 2 va cac lan thu mau khac ciia ca 4 cdng thuc deu Itiidng ghi nhdn dugc diu hifiu hoai tu va dau
hifiu bfinh ly nao tifin ciing gan tuy. Difin bidn md hgc cua cac nghiem thuc qua cdc lan thu mdu dugc the hien qua hinh 2,3,4 va 5.
Bidu hifin cua su bien ddi la hien tugng te bdo mau tdp trung xung quanh viing gan tuy (hinh 5A).
Mpt sd thay ddi ve cau tnie ciia dng gan tuy cting dupc ghi nhgn d cac mau thu tu cfing thtic 3 (Hinh 4A va 4B). Dau hifiu nay tning vdd nhan dinh cua cac tdi Hfiu da cfing bd ve tac ddng cua Cypermethrin ddi vdi tdm (Flegel T. W. et al., 1992; lightner, D. V., Redman, R. M., Pantoja, C. R., Noble, B. L., Loc, T., 2012; Pahl B., & Opitz H., 1999). Tuy cd bidu hien bat thudng tiong td bao nhtmg tfim thi nghiem vdn khdng hi chet va ciing khdng gdy tac ddng den toan bd ca the tdm thi nghifim ma chi tac ddng ddn mdt sd ca the. Khi xu Iy d ndng do cao hon (tir 80% so vdi gia tri LC50), h l u hdt tdm tiie tudi nhd da hi chet, khdng quan sat duoc bieu hien bat thudng.
Nhu vdy, khi tidp xiic vdi Cypermethrin d ndng dd thip, mdt sd cd the tdm sii va tdm the chan tidng cd fhd xult hien cdc dau hieu bat thudng vd clu tnie cua dng gan ttty, nhtmg khdng bi hoai tu gan tuy. Mat khdc, tiifiu chiing ndy chi quan sat dugc d mdt sd cd the, d mgt sd cdng thiic va mpt sd lln quan sat nhat dinh, khdng tuan theo quy ludt.
Cd the hien tupng nay cd hfin quan ddn kha nang chiu dtmg hoac phan iing mang tinh ca the, khdng tac dfing ddn tiit ca quan the va trieu chiing nay chi la bieu hien man tinh, khdng gdy chdt ngay cho tdm.
BlnK4:K&q
^ ^ - ^ Thu miu sau
^ ^ ^ o i ly thudc Cong ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ thirc (CD ^ ^ ^
10%LC50 20%LC50 40% LC50 60%LC50 80%LC50 100%LC50 120%LC50 CTS (DC)
ua giai phau m6 bfinh hpc gan tuyciat6mkhix£tly Cypermethrin
10 ngay 20 ngay
(+)
(-)
(+)
(*) (-) (*) (*) (-)
30 ngay
( • )
(-) (-)
{•)
(*) (*) (*) (-)
40 ngay
(-) (-) (-) (-) (*)
{*)
(*) (-)
50 ngay
(-) (-) (-) (-) (*) (*) (*) (-)
60 ngdy
(-) (-) (-) (-) (*) (*) (*) C-)
Ghi chu: (+) cd diu hidu bit thudng tidn vUng gan tiiy, (-) khdng cd diu hieu bit thudng tidn vimg gan tuy, (*) khdng cd miu do tdm bi chdt ngay sau xuly
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Hinh 2. A, B Kdt qua phdn tich md bfinh hgc tdm thi nghifim vdi hoat chat Cypermethrin a nong dp bdng 108 so vdi LC50 qua cac lan thu mdu 10 vd 20 ngdy sau xii ly. Mgt sd dng gan tuy bi teo, giam sd lugng td b^o (mui tfin den), tap trung td bao mau quanh dng gan tuy (miii tfin dd); C, D, E: mdu thu vdo 30,40, 60 ngdy sau
xuly
K :-4l
Hinh 3. K^t qua phan tich m6 bfinh hpc tSm thi nghifim v6i hoat chat Cypermethrm cr nong do bang 20% so vin LC50. A, B, C, D, E: m&u thu sau xtr ly 10, 20, 30,40 va 50 ngay sau xu ly
Hinh 4. Kfit qua phan tich mo bfinh hpc tom tlii ngliifim vdi hoat chat Cypermethrin if nong dp b ^ 40% a v6i LC50. A, B, C, D, E, F m&u thu vao 10, 20, 30,40,50,60 ngay sau xii ly tiiudc
Hinh 5. Kfit qua phan tich mo benh hoc tom thj nghiem v6i hoat chat Cypermethnn a nong do bang 60% so vm LC50. A, B, C, D, E, F: mau fliu vio 10, 20, 30,40, 50, 60 ngay sau xu ly thuoc
KHOA HQC CONG NGHE
4.KtrLU9N
Ndng do gay chdt cap tinh cho 50% ca thd tdm X50) cua hoat chit Cypermethrin ddi vdi tdm sii 15 la 0,0046 mg/l, tdm su ttnjdng tiidnh la 0,0032 ig/1, tdm tiie P12 Id 0,0079 mg/l va tdm tiie trudng ianh la 0,0032 mg/l. Nghifin ciiu ndy cho thay do pc cila Cypermetiirin ddi vdi tdm nudc lg ddu Ihlp on tri sd LC50 cua chiing tren cac loai ddng vat iuy sinh ma cac cdng trinh nghifin ciiu trfin thd idi dd cfing bd, nghia la dd ddc cua nhdm yrethroid doi vdi tdm sii va tdm the la cao hon cdc ldi thuy sinh khdc nhu ca chdp, cd hdi, cd qud, tdm lim, v.v...
Khi tidp xiic vdi Cypermethrin d ndng dd thip, idt sd cd the tdm sii vd tdm the chan trang cd the uat hifin cac diu hifiu bat thudng ve cau tnie ciia ng gan tuy, nhung khdng bi hoai tu gan tuy. Mat hdc, tiifiu chiing nay chl quan sdt dugc d mdt sd ca id, d mdt sd cdng tiuic vd mdt sd lan quan sat nhit inh, khdng tudn theo quy ludt. Cd the hien tupng ay cd hen quan den kha nang chiu dung hoac phan ng mang tinh ca thd, khdng tac ddng ddn tat ca Liln thd vd trifiu chiing nay chi Id bidu hifin man nh, khdng gay chet ngay cho tdm.
TAI L i u THAM KHAD
1. Bradbury, S. P., Coats, J. R., 1989.
Comparative toxicology of Pyrethroid insecticides.
Rev. Environ., Contam. Toxicol. 108,133-177.
2. Flegel T. W. et al. (1992). Occurrence, Diagnosis and tieatment of shrimp diseases in Thailand. In Diseases of cultured penaeld shrimp in Asia and the United States.
3. Lightner D. V., Redman, R M., Pantoja, C. R., Noble, B. L , Loc, T. (2012). Early moriahty syndrome affects shrimp in Asia. Global aquaculture advocate January/February 2012:40.
4. Pahl B. & Opitz H. (1999). The effects of cypermethrin (Excis) and azamethiphos (Salmosan) on lobster Homarus americanus H, Milne Edwards larvae in a laboratory study. Aquaculture research, (9), 655-665.
5. Sarikaya R. (2009). Investigation of Acute Toxicity of Alpha-Cypermethrin on Adult Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus LJ. Turkish Joumal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 9 (1) ,85-89.
6. Stephenson R R. (1982). Aquatic toxicology of cypermethrin, I, Acute toxicity to some ffeshwater tish and inveriebrates in laboratory tests. Aquatic Toxicology, 2(3), 175-185.
RESEARCH FINDINGS ON ACUTE TOXIC AND HEPATOPANCREAS SYNDROME CAUSED BY CYPERMETHRIN TO BLACK TIGER SHRIMP AND WHITE SHIMP IN MEKONG RIVER DELTA
OFVIETNAM
TVan Quoc Viet, Nguyen Hong Son, Do Phuong Chi, Nguyen Huy Manh, Dang Thi Hoang Oanh Summary
This paper introduces new research findings of the Institute for Agricultural Environment and Can Hio University on acute toxicity and chronic toxicity especially likely to cause syndrome hepatopancreas due to Cypermethrin for the two species of brackish water shrimp (black tiger shrimp and white shnmp) in the Mekong river delta. Acute toxicity of Cypermethnn is determined through LC50 values and chronic toxicity is determmed through histopathology surgery. The study showed that LC50 values of the active ingredient of Cypermethrin for black tiger shrimp at post 15 is 0.0046 mg/ 1; adult black tiger shrimp is 0.0032 mg/ 1; white shimp post 12 is 0.0079 mg/ 1; aduk white shnmp is 0.0032 mg/ 1. These values are lower than their LC50 values in aquatic animals that have pubEshed worldwide, meaning that the toxicity of the pyrethroid group of black tiger shnmp and white shnmp is higher than the other aquatic species such as carp, salmon, fiuit, lobster. Surgical histopathological assessment of hepatopancreas syndrome necrotizing pancreatitis in Cypermethrin showed exposure at low concentrations, shrimp in hepatopancreas samples collected at 10 and 20 day after treatment Expression of the transformation is phenomenal concentration of blood cells around the liver pancreas and some changes m the structure of the hepatopancreas tube. When exposed at higher concentrations (80% or higher value LC), the majority of acute shrimp died within 10 days after exposure.
Keywords: Cypermethrin, acute toxicity, syndrome hepatopancreas.
Ngudi phdn bidn: TS. H d K y Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/10/2014 Ngdy thdng qua phdn hifn: 01/12/2014 Ngdy duydt ddng: 08/12/2014
ONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONGTHON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2015 85
