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NGHIEN CtJtr KHIA CANH TAM LY XA Hpi CUA CpNG DONG CU DAN NONG THON
TRONG BOI CANH DO THI HOA
(Phan Thi Mai Hucmg {Chu bien) (2013), Nxb. Tir dien Bach khoa, 383 Hang)
NGHieNClillKHrBCMHTlMlVIUHOI CUtceNCDMCCirDMIlONCIHeH TRONG Ito'l CANH P6 THI H O A
Cuon sach Nghien ciru khia canh tdm ly xd hdi cua cgng ddng cu ddn ndng thon trong bSi canh do thi hoa do tac gia Phan Thi Mai Huang chii bien, Nxb. Tir diln Bach khoa, nam 2013, da gop phin lam sang to nhung dac dilm tam ly xa hpi ciia mpt nhom xa hpi lan truoc tac dpng ciia qu^
trinh phat triln trong bii canh do thi boa dang dien ra 6 Viet Nam bien nay.
Do thi hoa la qua trinh tat yeu ciia tien trinh phat trien kinh te, xS hpi cua dit nuoc. L ^ song do thj hoa da lan toa, loi cuon va tac dpng tryc tilp den nong nghiep, nong thon va nong dan. Nhiing chuyen doi sau, rgng ve van hoa, xa hpi, nghe nghiep va viec lam,... trong qua trinh do thi hoa da tac dgng den doi song cua toan bg nong dan Viet Nam noi chung va cgng dong nong dan ven do noi rieng. Nghien cuu khia canh tam ly xa hpi cua c6ng d i n g nong dan trong boi canh do thi hoa nham giai quyet co bieu qua c6ng tac qudn ly xa hgi ciing nhu quan ly con nguoi, giao due the be tre phat trien lanh m£inh nhim dat dugc sy phat trien ve con nguai mang tinh ben viing.
Cuon s ^ h gom 5 chuong, tuong ling voi moi chuang la cac van de nghien cuu cu thi dugc tac gia trinh bay 16 gich tir tong quan nghien ciiu, co so ly luan va cac van de thyc tien nghien curu. Tuy nhien, chiing ta co the phan chia cuon sach thanh hai phan chinh nhu sau:
Phdn I: Tac gia trinh bay va phan tich ly luan ciia van dh nghien ciiu
6 phin tong quan nghien cuu, tac gia trinh bay ting quat vin de nghien ciiu trong va ngoai nuoc ve nh&ng quan dilm trong nghien ciiu tam ly xa hgi ciia ngucri nong dan. Tir nhftng nghien cihi truoc d6 cho thiy su cin thiet phai co cuon sach nay nham gop phan
NghlSn ciiu Con ngudl s64(73} 2014 69
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hoan thien ban cho biic tranh nghien cuu ve qua trinh do thj hoa dang dien ra sinh dgng hi§n nay. Cac van de nhu: He gia tri va dinh huong he gia tri cua cu dan nong thon, sy thich ling cua cu dan nong thon vai nhiing bien doi nghe nghiep - viec lam, sy thich irng cua cu dan nong thon vai nhimg bien doi ve loi song tir van hoa nong thon sang van hoa do thi, giao tiep va quan he lien ca nhdn o cgng dong cu dan nong thon, thai dp song va tam trang cua cu dan nong thon, tinh ca nhan - tinh cgng dong ciia cu dan nong thon dugc dat trong boi canh do thi hoa de thay dugc nhung bien doi do dien ra nhu the nao.
Trong phan ly luan, tac gia trinh bay va phan tich khai niem, anh huong va dac diem (tir goc do van hoa) cua "do thi boa" de giai thich cho nhiing bien doi tam ly cua nguai nong dan trong boi canh do thi hoa. Ben canh do, tac gia cung trinh bay dac diem cua do thi hoa o Viet Nam, nhiing thanh tyu dat dugc va nhfing ton tai, anh huong sau sac cua no den sy on dinh cupc song cua ngucri nong dan, nhu: Do thi hoa phat trien theo chieu rgng nhung khong theo chieu sau; Qua trinh do thi hoa dien ra khong dong deu giiia cac khu vyc; Chuyen dich co cau lao dpng 6 nong thon; Ti le dan so do thi tang nhanh nhung con thap va tap trung dan cu o cac do thi 1cm; Phat trien ba tang van hoa - xa hpi, xay dyng loi song do thi. Cac van de ciia do thi hoa o Viet Nam hien nay da co tac dpng den nhieu linh vuc doi song ciia nguai nong dan, nhu: dat dai, lao dgng viec lam, van hoa - xa hgi - moi trucmg ciing dugc de cap va phan tich rat cu the.
Dat trong boi canh do thi hoa, tac gia trinh bay nhiing van de ly luan ve tam ly hgc xa hgi cua cu dan nong thon: thich ling, gia tri va dmh huong gia tri, giao tiep va quan he lien nhan each, thai dp, tinh ca nhan - tinh cgng dong. Tir goc do tam ly hgc xa hgi, tac gia chi ra nhung van de neu tren dugc the hien nhu the nao a cu dan nong thon trong boi canh do thi hoa von la mgt yeu to xa hgi tac dgng sau sic din toan bg doi sing, viec lam ciing nhu nhiing dac trung tam ly ciia con nguai.
Phdn 2: Tac gia tap trung phan tich ket qua nghien ciiu thuc dia vl tam ly xa hgi cua cgng dong cu dan nong thon trong boi canh do thi hoa.
Van de he gia tri va dinh huong he gia tri cua cu dan nong thon hien nay so voi he gia tri va dinh hucmg he gia tri truyen thong cua nguoi nong dan nhu: viec lam, con cai, gia dinh la khong thay doi. Gia tri da thay doi, khong con quan trgng nhu truac cua cgng ding cu dan nong thon trong boi canh do thi hoa chinh la gia tri hang xom lang gieng. Cuon sach ciing chi ra mpt so gia trj moi dugc hinh thanh trong qua trinh do thi hoa ciia cgng dong cu dan nong thon hien nay, nhu: "doi sing vat chit sung tiic va diy du", chi diing sau gia tri ciia gia dinh va dung tren ca viec lam va con cai.
Su thich umg ciia cu dan nong thon vai nhimg bien doi nghi nghiep - viec lam trong boi canh do thi hoa da dugc trinh bay va phan tich bang nbirng so lieu cu thi nhu nguoi nong dan c6 the thich ling tot voi bien doi xa hpi qua no lyc de In dinh cupc sing. Tuy nhien, hp chua hoan toan thich ling voi nhiing bien doi nghe nghiep, viec lam, nhit la a mat hanh dpng. Ben canh do, tac gia cung chi ra sy thich ung ciia cu dan nong thon vcri
70 NgNSn ciiu Con ngudl s64(73) 2014
Nguyen Thi Nga
nhiing bien doi ve loi sing tir van hoa nong thon sang van hoa do thi co nhilu thay ddi so voi loi song truyen thong truac day. Loi song cua hg da dang hon, nhieu mau sic hon nhimg van giii dugc net truyen thong von co la tinh lang nghia xom, la sy giiip dof lan nhau (mac du quan niem ve gia tri nay co thay doi). 6 day c6 su dan xen giiia lli sing do thi va loi song truyen thong da tao nen biic tranh sinh dpng vl nong thon - do thj Viet Nam trong boi canh do thj hoa.
Giao tiep va quan he lien ca nhan 6 cpng dong cu dan nong thon la phin khong thi thieu trong boi canh do thi hoa hien nay. Tac gia cho ring, "mac dii sing trong bii canh do thi hoa nhung ngucri dan tai cac diem nghien cuu van giii dugc quan he ling xir va giao tiep trong khong gian quen thupc va khep kin. Giao tiep va ling xii ciia nguoi dan tai day chii yeu dya tren cac moi quan he huyet thong va lang gieng. Moi quan he chang chit nay tao nen niem tin va miic dp an toan cho cac thanh vien tai day". Loi song trpng tinh nghia van tiep tuc dugc duy tri boi moi lien ket gan giii. Day chinh la sy khac biet Ion giua giao tiep ciia nguoi nong dan tai cac khu vyc thuan nong trong boi canh do thj hoa vol nguoi nong dan ven do.
Cuoi ciing, hai van de dugc tac gia ban den do la "thai do song va tam trang song;
tinh ca nhan - tinh cgng dong ciia cu dan". Mac dii qua trinh do thi boa dien ra manh trong nhung thap nien gan day, ve thai do song va tam trang song ciia cpng dong cu dan nong thon vin lac quan va tinh co kSt cpng dong khong mat di, mo hinh iien ket cpng ding CO sy thay dii chir khong phai rai rac nhu mot so nghien ciiu khac da chi ra.
Cuin sach da khai quat dugc phin nao vl dac trung tam ly nong dan va nhung thay doi ciia tam ly do dual tac dgng ciia do thi hoa, Ben canh ket qua nghien curu ma cuon sach da chi ra dk nguai dan co thi hoa hgp nhanh, thich ung dugc vol nhiing thay doi do do thi hoa, ding thai duy tri dugc ban sac van hoa dan tpc, hoa nhap nhung khong
"hoa tan" thi rit cin nhiing chuang trinh hanh dgng hd trg. Hp cin dugc dinh huang, huong dan bing nhiing viec lam cu thi, hp cung cin dugc sing trong mgt moi trucmg xa hpi nuoi duong nilm tin vl thi manh ciia cac gia trj van hoa ciia dan tpc, ve siic manh ciia ca nhan trong mli quan he bin chat voi cpng dong. Cuon sach la tai lieu tham khao huu ich trong nghien cuu va thyc thi chinh sach o Viet Nam.
Nguyen Thi Nga
NgMSn eiiu Con ngudl s6 4(73) 2014
