SI/NGHiePVATUTUdlNGHfiCHlMINH
CHU DE DAO DUfC CACH MANG QUA CAC BAI DANG TAI TREN BAG NHAN DAN (1951-1969)
CUA CHU TjCH HO CHI MINH
NGUYEN THI THU HUVfeN Hgc vien Chinh trj qudc gia Ho Chi Minh
"Ho Chi Mlnh bit <au sir nghiep each mang \i bit dau giao due ly tUing each mang va dao diifc cidi mang cho nhiing ngirii yeu nUdc, cho thanh nien, cho quan chiing nhan dan, chu y^u i i ding vien vi cin bo. Suot dil Bac luon luon quan tam lam viec do"*. Chii tjch Ho Chi Mlnh luon coi dao diilccidi nun) l i nen ting gdc re ciia mot con ngUdi v i cua toin « i hoi l i col ngudn thing Iff! ciia mot sU nghiep cidi mang bio dim cho sir phat trien viing ben cua qudc gia, dan toe. Nhieu b i l viet, b i l n i l ciia Chii tjdi HS Chi Mlnh ding t i l tren bao Hhdn Ddn nhihig nim 1951-1969 l i nhiing b i l bao tieu bi^u tbi hiin rft t i chli de dao diie eich mang v i pham chat dao dilc cieh mang eao dep eiia NgUeil.
1. Cac b i i bao ciia Chu tjch Ho Chf Mlnh dang tren bio Nhan Din (1951-19«9)
Bao IVhdn Ddn la ca quan ngon luan cua Dang Lao dpng Vi^t Nam (nay la E)ang Cpng san Vi^t Nam),rangay ll-3-l95l,t^Chi&ikhu Vi?tBJc (thay cho to Sir thgt). Trong hai cugc khang chien giai phong dan tpc, thong nhit iit nuoe va trong sv nghifp doi mdi, bao Nhdn Ddn luon c6 mJt hrai nhimg tran tuyen nong bong bao ve va xay dvng To quoc. la ti&ig noi cua E)ang, Nha nu6c, dong thdi la dien dan tin cay cua nhan dan.
Chli tjch Ho Chi Minh luon danh s\r quan tam d ^ bi$t cho bao Nhdn Ddn voi hon 1.200 bai viit (ke tir bai diu tien "Phong tiao mua cong ttai", so I, ngay II-3-I95I, iin bai cu6i cimg "Nang cao traeh nhi?m chSm soc va giao dyc thiJu nien, nhi dong", ngay l-6-l%9). Nguoi da dimg nhigu btit danh khac nhau nhu: C B (hon 700 bai bao);
Chien si (hon 80 bai bao dSng tten bao Nhdn
Odn tir nam 1958 den nam 1968); H.B, Tan Ttio, C K , Thu Giang, ChiSn si, Vi?t H6ng, La Up,...
Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh luon coi ttpng vi?c giao dyc, ren luy?n nang cao djio diic cich mjng cho mpi nguoi Vi?t Nam yeu nudc, d^c bijt li dpi ngii cdn bp, dang vien ciia Dang. Trong cic bai bao, bai noi chuyen. Ho Chi Minh luon chi ttvong giao dyc dao dirc each mang cho cin bp, dang vien. Theo Ngudi: "Ngudi each m?ng phai CO djo due each mimg lim njn tang, mii hoan thanh dupe nhi?m vy cich mang vt vang"'.
Ngudi luon ttan ttd lam sao ii rin luy?n diHK dao due each mang cho moi can bp, dang vien di Dang luon trong s ^ h , virng manh, ximg ding li dpi tien phong cua giai cap va dan tpe.
Trong di san cua H6 Chi Minh d 6 1 ^ c6 tdi gSn 50 bai va tie phim ban ve van de d ^ diic. Ttong do, ed khoang gan mpt phan ba so do dupe ding tren bao Nhdn Ddn.
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Bao Nhdn Ddn sb 2. ngay 25-3-1951. dang bai "Ngucri dang vien Dang Lao dpng Viet Nam phai the nao?" vol but danh C B . Trong bai neu rfi: dang vien Dang Lao dpng Viet Nam la nhQng nguoi "cong nhan, nong dan va lao dpng tri 6c yeu nuac nhat, hang hai nhit, each menh nhat'"; la nhung nguai "kien quyet phung su To quoc, phyng sir nhan dan, phung su lao dpng, nhung nguai chi cong vo tu, lam guong mau trong cong cupc khang chien kien quoc"*.
Nghia \k nguai dang vien phai co nhimg nhQng pham chit dao diic nhit dinh, gucmg mau, di dau, phai that su xung dang.
Voi biit danh V.K, Nguai v i ^ bai "B?nh ca nhsn dja vi" (ngay 9-8-1951) vai muc dich chi ro c ^ h nhan d i ^ can b ^ d ^ diic nay va Cling neu each r ^ luyen va tu chifing de chita tri c ^ b ^ ca nhan dja vj cbo c ^ bp, dang vien ta.
Trong mpt bai bao tieu de "Phe binh" (so 16, ngay 12-7-1951). Nguai giai thicb thi nao ta phe binh, each thuc phe binh, myc dich phe binh, nguyen tic phe binh. Day la mpt trong nhQng nguyen tic quan trpng h ^ g dku de ren hiyfn dao due c ^ h m ^ g . Ngoai ra c6n co cac bai vilt: 'That tha tu phe binh" (ngay 3-3-1955), ' T u phe binh vk phe Wnh" (ngay 9-2-1955), "T\f phe binh, phe binh, siia chiia" (ngay 14-6-1955). Trong nhung bai hko nay, Ngudi bieu duong nhQng don vj khi dugc phe binh tren bao, dS co bai tiep thu phe binh va de ra b i ^ ^Aiap sua chQa khuyet diem, ddng thai Nguoi cung ^ phan nhQng don \ i khong biet hf phe binh, khong len tieng tiq) thu phe binh.
Ng^y 14-1-1960, vdibai vilt "Bitdiuhai chQ", Chu tjch Hfi Qu Minh Doi v l can ki?m d l xay d\mg CNXH. Nguai cpng san murai ren l u y ^ dao diic dich m^ng thi phai bit d ^ bing nhQng hanh dpng nho nhat hang ngay, do la can kiem.
E)$c bi?t, trong bai '*Nang cao d ^ due each m ^ g . quet sach chu n^iia ca nhan" (so 5409,
ngay 3-2-1969), but danh T.L, Nguoi bieu duong rinh thin hy sinh, guong miu, dao due trong sang Clia can bp, dang vien, dong thai kich Uet len an nhung hanh \ i ui tuong ca nhan h^p hoi. Nguai khing dinh chii n^iia ca nhan la nguyen nhan, la ban dong hanh cua nhiing can b ^ tham 6, hu hoa, lang phi, xa hoa, tiiam danh, tryc loi... lam hai dCT quyen lpi ciia each mang.
Thong qua cac bai vilt, Chii tich Ho Chi Minh d3 ban rit sau ve vi?c hpc t ^ va ren luyen d ^ due each mang, neu len nhiing giai phap phong, chfing chu nghia ca nhan va phan tich sau sSc vai tro guong mau cua nguoi can bp, dang vien. Nhimg tac phim ay ^ trfi thanh nhQng cuon sach gfii diu giuong, nhung loi tam sir. chi bao oia Nguai ve d ^ due, tro tiianh myc tieu, phuong huong phin diu, de mfii can bp, dang vien r t e luypn, siia chiia nhQng sai lim, tiiiiu sot, khic phyc mpi tfin tai du nho. de khong ngung nang cao dao diic each mang, xiing dang voi long tin cay va yeu men cua nhan dan.
2. Noi dung diu yeu ve dao tfiirc each mang tfUtfc Ho Chi Mlnh neu trong cdc bdi bao
Xet ve npi dung, chu d l dao dirc each mang dupc Hfi Chi Minh de cap den tiieo e ^ khia c ^ rat dang chii y:
- Neu cao vi tri, vai tro dac bi^ quan tipr^ oia dao diic trong doi soi^ xS hpi, ca idian, trong snh boat {)ang.
- Khing djnh cac gia tri dao diic pho bien can cho mpi nguoi: can, kiem, Uem, chinh, chi cfing vfi tu, tinh thin traeh nhipm, tinh thin qufic t l cao ca, trong sang, tiiiiy chung.
- Phe phan cac mat trai dao diic trong x3 hpi tu san, ca ngpi mat tich cyc, tien bp d^o diic trong cac nufic XHCN. nhit la Lien Xfi.
- Ca nggi cac gia tri dao due ciia nha kinh diln Mac-Lenin, coi do nhu nhihig gia trj pho quit vTnhhing.
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Si/NGHlCPViTUnrdNG Ha CHl MINN - Neu nhimg t i n guong ngudi tot, viec tot ttxjng xa hpi ta, diupc moi hia moi, nganh nghe Iihh vuc boat dpng.- Phe phin mat ttai, nhung bieu hi?n tieu cyc ve suy ddi dao due ttong xa bpi, ttoog Oang, tap ttung nhat la chil nghia ea nhaa
- De xuat cac phirong phap mang tinh fliyrc te de ttr dudng, ten luyen dao due each mang.
Tren ca sd quan niem ve vi tri, vai trd cua dgo diic. Ho Chi Minh
ludn quan tdm gido due cdn bg, .xdy dung dgo due cdch mgng.
H6 Chi Minh khSng djnh: "Mpi vi$c Ihanh hay la bai chil chot la do can bp ed diim nhuan dao due c4ch m ^ hay khdng?".
Tlieo Ngudi, dao due each m^ing c6 th^ ndi tdm tat la:
Nhjn rd phai ttii, giii vihig l§p Birdng
Tjn trung vdi nudc, t|in hieu vdi dan
Ngirdi nhac nhd ring nhihig thing lpi da giJnh | dupc rat to ldn nhung mdi chi la budc dSu tren
dudng di muon d ^ . Cdn nhi6u khd khan phai khac phye. Khdng dupc thiy khd khan ma sp hai, nan chi. Ho Chi Minh phe bmh nhihig can bp nrdng hda binh la thai bmh nen ngai gian khd, sd vifc khd, khdng ham hpc, thilu eanh giae, kem ky lujt, an tieu xa xi, ghen ti dia \ j . quan lieu, bao bifn, nhat la khi da co chiit quy&i hanh.
Ngudi khing dinh dao dire la ngudn nuoi dudng va phat ttien con ngudi, nhu gdc eiia cay, ngpn ngudn ciia sdng sudi: "CQng nhu sdng thi cd ngudn mdi cd nudc, khdng cd ngudn thi sdng
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can. Cay phai cd goc, khong cd gdc thi cSy heo.
Ngudi each mang phai cd d$o diic, khong cd d)o diic dli dil tai gidi may cimg khdng lanh dao dupc nhan dan'".
Trong cdc ddi tuang xd hgi. Ho Chi Minh di cap nhieu den dgo due cua cdn bg, ddng viai, nhdt td trong dieu kien Ddng dyy thdnh Ddng cam quyen.
Qua cae bai viet, Ngudi xac djnh rd: ngudi dang vien bit ky d dSu,
Chu tkh Ho Chi Minh luon coi trong v i « giao diK, tin luyen nang cao dao ddc cadi mang d n moi ngifdi Viet Nam y§u ntrdc, dac biet ti doi ngu can bo, ding vien cua Ding.
Trong suot qui trinh lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, Ngudi luon dli ro:1im each mang de cii taoni hoi cu thinh xa hoi mdl l i mot sunghiep rat li vang, nhung nd cung l i mot nhiem vu rat nang ne, mot cuoc dau tranh rat phdc tap lau dii, gian khd. Sde co manh mdl ginh duoc ning vi S duoc xa. Ngudl cidi mang phii cd dao ddc cich mang lam nen ting, mdl hoin thanh duoc nhifm vu cich mang v i vang".
lam vipc gi, dja vj nao va hoan canh nio eung phai ludn djt Ipi ieh cila T6 qudc, ciia nhan dan len ttien h^t, ttude het; phai ra trudc tham gia khing ehien; phai gan gUi quiii chiing, td chtic va lanh dao quan ehiing; xay dyng d?o diic cich ming la ehi cdng vd ttr. Ngudi chi ra nhipm vy eua ding vien d cic vj tti khic nhau nhu quan nhan, eong nhan, ndng dan, tri diuc va 'T>ldi tdm l|i-ngudi dang vien-dii d cdng tic to hay nhd, dja vj cao hay tiiip-d dau ciing phai lam guong miu theo quin chung. Moi dang vien la mpt ngudi timy mat cho Dang ttudc quin chiing, ii giai tfuch chinh sach eiia Dang v i Chinh phii cho quin chung hiSu tO va vui Idng tiu hanh, tiu ngudi dang vien at phai xung phong lam guong mau ii quin chiing bit ehudc lim tiieo. Ma mudn cho quin chimg nghe Idi mmh, lam tiieo mmh, tiii ngudi dang vien tur vipc lam, Idi ndi eho d&i each an, d, phai tiiS nio cho dan tin, dan phyc, dan yeu. The la lam cbo dan tin Dang, phye Dang, yeu Dang v i lim dieo
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chinh sach cua £)ang va Chinh phu. Dang vien nao khfing dmiK dan tin, dan [^yc, dan yeu tiii chua xiing dang la mpt nguoi dang vien ciia Dang Lao dpng Vi?t Nam'*.
Trong dieu ki?n Dang cam quyen, Ngucri lufin ttan trfi voi nguy co thoai hoa, bien chit ciia can bp, dang vien. Vi vay, Hfi Chi Minh yeu ciu Dang phai "la d^o due, la van minh".
Dephe phdn cdc mat trdi dgo due trong xd hoi tu sdn. Ho Chi Minh viit bdi "Dgo dirc oia My"
(14-6-1951) nhdm len dn cdc bieu hien xdu cua d^ due kieu My.
Dfii voi de quoc My: "Daa due la giet ngucri".
EHeu do dupc xac nhan qua mpt sfi nhan vat CO ten tuoi trong gioi chinh trj va quan sy My.
Nghe Tfing tham muu ttuong My noi: tinh den 18-5-1951, quan dpi My a Trieu Tien chit va bi tiiuong hon 172.000 ten. Ngay 20-5-1951, cyu Tong tiwng My Tkp noi: "Nen dung linh ngoai quoc di danh, dii tdn kem mpt chut cung con re hem dimg linh My, va ngufii My do phai chet"".
'Ten Kinxitiay n h ^ ring: Tu ngay My do bp den nay, hon 3 tti?u nguoi Trieu Tien tan nha nat Clia, va hon 1 di?u ngudi chet vi bom dan"*. Xa hpi My hfii tiifii, van hoa My suy dfii dupc ehinh bao My cfing bo, v^y ma "de qufic My cii khoe la van minh" va di ttuyen ba 'Van minh" cho cac nufic khac. 6 Vi?t Nam, trong vung tam bj chiem.
My da cho sang nhieu bao chi, phim dam dang, tryy 1 ^ de diu dpc tiianh nien ta, Hfi Chi Minh (E cfi bai viet "Chiing ta phai kien quyet tiy chay nhOng thli do" (ngay 15-11-1951) de phe phan dieu do. Nguoi binh luan: "Nhung Chinh phii My con ph^im tpi ac to hon niia. Chung da xam pham mien nam nudc la. Nam Trieu Tien, Dai Loan...
Chiing de dpa loai nguoi vfii bom nguyen tu va binh khi. hqn d^ tu ban My chl t^o vii khi giet ngufii hang l o ^ ma thu lai hang ty dfi la..." (bai vilt dang ngay 20-1 -1962). Boc ttin nhimg xau xa
Clia xa hpi My, nhung Nguoi rat ttan trpng nhan dan My, noi chung dfi la nhiing nguoi can cii, yeu chinh n^iia, churaig hoa binh, chong chien tranh.
Co nhiing nhan si va doan tiie tien bo dang hoat dpng ch&ig de qufic My, dfii Chinh phii My phai chim diit cufic chien tranh xam Iirpc mien Nam nufic la.
Trong nhieu bdi viet. Ho Chi Mtnh ca ngai nhimg uu vi^t vi dgo dirc ciia .xd hgi X6 viet.
Trong bai vilt ngay 6-11-1954, Ho Chi Minh neu tre em Lien Xfi dupc song sung suong nhit tten thi gifii. Dang, Chinh phu va nhan dan deu gop sue eham nom doi sflng tinh thin va v|t chit Clia cac em. >Jhu cau ciia cac em ngay cang dupc tiioa man hon ca ve sfi lupng va chat lupng, trinh dp. Va Nguoi mong mufin tte em nucrc ta cung se sung suong nhu cac em be Lien X6. Nhan dan ta diu tranh cbo hoa binh, thflng nhit, dpc \ap>, dan chli, cfi mpt muc dich la vi hanh phiic cua cic em.
Quan dpi Lien Xfi anh hiing da % nen nhiing chien cfing thin ky bao v^ vimg chic Nha nufic vo san, giir vai trfi chii yeu danh tan quan dpi phat xit cue ky hung bao, cihi loai nguoi khoi nguy co di?t vong. Nhan ngay quan dpi Lien X6 ttfin 37 tufii, Nguoi CO bai b ^ "Chiic miing quan dpi Lien Xfl"
(ngay 25-2-1955).
Do chinh sach ngoai gjao hoa binh, sang n ^ chinh nghia, sin sang giiip do' cac nufic phat trim tiwo hufing dan diu, tiln bo xa hpi, nen Lien Xo ngj^ cang cfi nhieu ban be tren thi gioi. Mfii quan h? ^ dqj giiia Lien Xfi \ a Vi?t Nam (S dupc hinh tiianh va [rfiat trial ttxmg Ijcii sir tir nhiing nam 20 voi cbag lao to lon oia Ngufii Trong khang chien chfing Hiap, Liai Xfi da nhi?t tinh iing hp va gjiip dfi Vi?t Nam Trong cong cupc xay dung CNXH fi mien Bic va diu tranh di^ig de qufic My, giai phfing mien Nam, tfifing nhit nufic nha, quan dan Viet Nam tilp tuc nhan Aigc su img hp va vi?n trp to lfin Clia Lien Xfi voi tinh n^ua hit sue chan tiianh. Nhiing ngay
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sir NGHIEP VA Tir T U A N G HA CHf MINH
ky ni?m Caeh mang XHCN Thing Mudi Nga w dai, Ky ni?m ngiy sinh Y l l i n i n , Hd Chi Minh viet bai d6 tudng nhd nhdng su kien ljch sii do.
Ho Chi Mmh cOng viet nhieu bdi bdo de ca nggi nhiing tdm guang ngudi tdt. viec tot. nhimg thdnh tuu cdch mgng vd tdm guang dgo due trong cdn bg, ddng vien.
Trong bii "Nang eao dao due each mang. quet s^eh ehil n^iia ea nhan", md diu Ngudi chuyen ldi khen ngijii cua nhan dan ddi vdi dpi ngd cin bg, dang vien guong mau cua D a r ^ Chii tich Hd Qu Minh vi^ mpt cich gian dj nhung diy y nghia: "Nhan dan ta diudng ndi; dang vien di ttudc, ling nudc theo sau.
Dd li mpt ldi khen chan dianh ddi vdi ding vien va cin bp chiing fei'^ Tiqi do, Ngudi td ldi khen ngpi cin hp, dang vien ta ttong sudt 39 nim da ttiy?t doi ttung tiianh vdi E)ing va khing djnh;'Trong ljch su diu banh cua Ding vi ttong mpi ho^t dpng hing ngiy, nhat ii Oen m^t tt^ chien diu vi sin xuit, rat nhieu cin bp, dang vien ta td ra anh dung, guong mau, gian khd di ttudc. hudng diy di sau va da lam nen nhihig tfiinh tich lit ve vang.. E)d la nhihig bdng hoa tuoi tfiim ciia chu nghia anh himg each mang Nhan dan la \a Eiang ta rat ty hao cd nhihig ngudi con xirng ding nhu tfi^"'°. Ddng tfidi, Ngudi khing djnh; ttong cupc diu danh vi dpc lap ty do cua Td qudc, h ^ phiic Clia nhin dan, d§ cd lit nhi&i nhihig ngudi con uu tu ciia Ding nhu Trin Phii, Ngd Gia Tir. Le Hdng Phong Nguyen \ ^ Cit, Hoang Vin Thy, Nguyin Thj Minh Khai,... da vi d i a vi Dang, ma oanh U?t hy sinh, neu tim gucmg sing chdi cua dao due each m^ng, chi cdng vd ttr.
Hd Chi Minh phe phdn bieu hien lieu cue, phi dgo liic md chu yeu td chii nghTa cd nhdn.
Trong nhiiu bii viet, Hd Chi Mmh chi td tiiyc te: nhiiu c i nhan do benh c i nhan chu nghia m i sinh ra kieu n g ^ , cd it nhiiu tiianh tieh till len mjt anh chj. cdng tiiin. Hpc tfii ludi. Xem tiiudng nhan din, xa quin chiing Trong Ding till khdng
tdn Bpng ky ludt Khinh re y kien cap dudi. Xen thirdng chi thi cua c ^ tren. Khdng m u ^ ngbe phe bmh ma tiian vdi nhiing ke xu njnh, tang b&
minii, linh xa ngudi ndi thing... Ding vi^n phai chdng kieu ng?o. "Khiem tdn l i mpt d ^ diic ma mpi ngudi each mang phai ludn trau ddi".
Trong bii "Cin tiy sach bpnh quan Ueu, mpih lenh" (ding ngay 13 va ngay 16-4-1951), Nguoi phan tich nguyen nhan cua b ^ niy li; xa nhao dan, khdng hieu y tam ly, nguypn vpng cua nhan dan; khinh nhan dan ngu ngdc khdng hiiu gi; x/
nlian dan phe bmh minh; khdng tin c|y nhan dan, khdng hieu nhan dan, khdng diuong y^u nhin dan, chi ddi hdi, khdng thiet thyc giup dd nhin din. Ket qui li hdng viec.
Ngudi chi ra nguyen tic sua chiia "Theo diing dudng ldi nhin dan" (ngiy 2-9-1951 v i ngiy 10- 6-1953). Nguyen the dd dupc thd hipn ra mpt cich cy tile ttxmg tiiyc t i bao gdm 6 dieu chii yeu: "EUt lpi ich nhan dan len ttdn hit; lien h$ chJt ch6 vdi nhan din; vipc gi cung bin vdi nhan din, giai tfiich cho nhan din hiiu rd; cd khuyit diim tiii tiiit tfia ty phe bmh trudc nhan dan v i hoan nghSnh nhan dan phe binh minh; san sang hpc hdi nhin din; Iv phe bmh lam gucmg m i u cin, kipm, USra, chmh de nhan dan noi theo".
Npi dung ldi day ciia Ngudi l i quin ttipt siu sac quan diim nhan dan, tit cd vi nhan dan phyc vy, vira l i ngudi diy td cua nhan dan, vita c6 nhipm vy lirtfi dao nhan dan.
Tren ca sa tfufc tiin. Ho Chi Minh dadixui cdc phuang ph^ thiit thuc ditu dudng, ren tuy^a dgo diic cdch mgng.
Hd Chi Mmh de ra mpt sd bipn phip cy tfli cho ein bp, ding vien mic sai lim sira chiia. "Caeh siia chOa tdt nhat va quy nhit li tiiat tfli ty phe bmh va phe binh" (ding ngay 3-3 va ngay 6-6-1955).
Ngudi cdn viit nhiing bai "Thjit thi ty phS bmh" (dang ngay 3-3-1955), "Ty phe btah v i phe
^n
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binh" (dang ngay 9-2-1955), ' T u phe binh, phe binh, siia chua" (dang ngay 14-6-1955), di sau hon vao chli de, gin vfii tinh hinh thuc tk ve tu tuong.
nhan thiic va kit qua tien hanh 0; phe binh va phe binh ttiong can bp, dang vien de phat huy tac dung ciia vii khi sic ben nay hem niia. Dac bi?t, trong bai "Nang cao dao diic each mang, quet sach chu nghia ca nhan", Ngufii neu len 10 gjai phap dfing bp tu dufing, ren luy?n dao due ca ve phia tfi chiic dang, ca ve phia can bp, dang vien.
Ngufii luu y: Ti; phe binh dang vien la mpt nhi?m vu cfi tinh tiiirong xuyen de sua chiia khuylt diem, cimg nhau tien bp va hoan thanh nhi?m vu tfit d?p: tif phe binh la tiiat tiia va cong khai tnific quan chiing \ e nhiing khuyet diem cua minh. Muc dich Clia t^ phe binh la doan kit nOi bp, lam cho cflng v i ^ tien bp, tiiit chat quan h^ giua Dang, Chinh phli va nhan dan. Phuong hucmg: a moi noi, trong nhihig tiioi gjan khac nhau, phuang hufing kiem thao, phat huy uu diem va siia chfla khuyet diem phai khac nhaa Kiem thao phai nhim vao trpng tam cong tac trong timg tiifii gian. Caeh tien hanh la phai qua cac bufic: lam tiifing tu tufing, lam rfi muc dich, y n ^ a cua vi?c kiem tiiao, de mpi can bp, dang vien hang hai, khfing lo ngai, n^ re;
nghien ciiu tai l i ^ ly lu^n va chinh sach ciia £>ang va Chinh phu; sau dfi di vao kiem tiiao cfing viec, gan voi tu tirong \a le Ifli lam v i ^ khfing nhim vao ca nhan; phai lam tir cap 0 ^ Quoc, dufii sau.
Can bp tten phai lam guong mau, hoan n^ienh va khuyen khieh mpi ngufii phe binh minh, phai ttyc tiep lanh d^o vi$c kiem thao. Khi lam xong, ra sirc iam cho mpi nguoi ting tiiem long tu tin, hang hai
^hkn dku ihuc hien nhi?m vu mfii.
Hfi Chi Minh ciing chi rfi: "Dao diic each m^ng k h ^ g phai tten trfii sa xufing. Nfi do qua trinh dau ttanh ren l u y ^ bin bi hang ngay ma phat ttien \ a ciing cfi. Ciing nhu ngpc cang mai cang sang, vang cang l u y ^ cang ttong"''. Vi?c tti
duong dao diic each mang phai tren tinh tiiin t^r giac, tu nguyen, dua vao luong tam ciia moi nguoi va su dwig gfip xay di^ng tap the eiia quan chiing.
Va viec tu duong dao diic each mang phai gin Uen vfii tiiuc tien hoat dfing each mang, phai bin bi, a mpi liic. mpi noi, mpi hoan canh. ' T u tufing cpng san voi tu tufing ca nhan vi nhu liia vfii cfi dai. Lua phai eham bon rat khfi nhpc thi mfii tfit dupc. Con cfi dai khfing can eham soc ciing moc len lu biL Tu ttxong cpng san phai ren luy?n mfii cfi dupe.
Con nx ttifing ca nhan tiii cung nhu cfi dai, sinh sfii, nay nfi rat de. Vi vay gpt nia chii nghia ca nhan vi nhu nia mat thi phai nia hang ngay"'^. Cho nen, xay dung, ren luyen tu duong dao dirc each mang can dupc tien hanh dfing thfii, tiiufimg xuyen, bin bi, suot dfii ttong qua tiinh hoat dpng each m ^ g .
Tir nam 1951 den nam 1969, trong cac bai viet dang tren bao Nhdn Ddn, Chu tich Hfi Chi Miitii de cgp kha toan dien, h? thfing nhimg van de can cot cfi lien quan den dao dirc each mang, dao diic iam ngufii. Bing each vilt dung di, h i ^ th\rc, qua cac bai bao ciia Ngufii, gia tri dao diic tuomg nhu trim ttiong (fi mang hoi tiifi cupc sfing, thim tiiau vao mpi dfii tirpng, tao tiianh dpng l\rc tinh thin to lorn thiic diy khang chien thing lpi, kien qufic tiianh cfing.
1. Pham Vfin E)&^: Ho Chi Hftnh qud khr. kien lgi.
tucmglai, Nxb ST, H, 1991, tr. 31
2, n.//d CfeA&iA TOOT/^, Nxb CTQG. H, 2011,Til, tr 601,612
3,4.6.7,8. Sdd, T. 7, tr. 54, 54.55,95,95 5. X i i T5.tr 292
9,10.5itiT15,tr.546,546 12. S i i T12.tr. 222.
