JSTPM Tip 4, Stf 1,2015
LY L U A N V A T H V ' C T I E N NANG CAO NANG UfC HOACH SfNH CHINH SACH KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHf:
ThS. Nguyen Viet Hoa Vifin Chiln lupc va Chinfa sicfa KH&CN
Tdmt^:
Ndng cao ndng Igc hogch dfnh diinh sdch khoa hgc va c^g nghf (KH&CN) Id nhu cdu cdn Ihi&t cua nhiiu qudc gia, ddc btfi. trong bdi cdnh khung hodng kinh le lodn cdu, cgnh tranh gay gdt gi&a cdc qudc gia, Idiu vvc. Bdi viil di cdp din mdt sd vdn de ca bdn: LjJ ludn ndng lite hogch djnh chinh sdch KH&CN. Ddi lugng cdn ndng cao ndng l\tc hogch dinh cbinh sdch KH&CN a cdp vT md vd vi md vd liiu chi ndng cao ndng tgc hogch dinh chinh sdch KH&CN.
Tit khda: Ndng life: Hogch dinh; Chinh sdch KH&CN.
Md si: 14091702
1. L V L U A N N A N G LV'C H O A C H DINH CHINH SACH KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGH?
1. Khai nifm chinh sach khoa hpc v i cong ngh$
Hifin edn nhieu quan dilm khic nhau v l v\ tri, vai trd ciia ehinh sich KH&CN, hiy thupc vao tung boi einti, the ehi, vi tri, vai Ud v i pham vi ciia chinfa sich KH&CN dupc xic dinh cy tbl. Chinh sicfa KH&CN v i cic dang ctiinfa sicfa deu ti cdng cy quin Iy eiia Nha nude hofic tu nhan Cho den nay, vl CO bin chinh sich K I ^ C N dupc xem xet tu pham vi h^p Oi bp phfin ciia chien lupe) d pham vi rdng, chinfa sich KH&CN bao gom c i ctiiln lupc, quy hoacti, k l hoach KH&CN v i cic chinh sich cy tbl dl phit triln KH&CN, trfin co sd phap ly Ii cic vfin bin K H & ( ^ do nhilu cip ban hanh nhu Qu6c h ^ , Ctiinfa pfaii, Thii tudng, Bp KH&CN, cic co quan lifin quan Khii nifim ehinh sich KH&CN d pham vi hep: Chinh sich la mpt bp phan ciia ctiiln lupc, etiinh sich KH&CN Ifi cdng ey de thyc hifin cic mye tifiu ciia chien lupc phit trien KH&CN, Ducri chinh sich l i cac ehucmg ttinh;
dudi cfaucmg trinfa l i k l faoach 5 nfim, hing nfim; dudi k l hoach l i cic dy in [2]- Kfaii nifim eho thay chinh sacfa phy thupc vao chiln lupc, phyc vy chien lupe, khii nifim nay diing khi Nhi nude hay tu nhin xiy dyng ctiien lupc. klii cd ehien lupc se xiy dung cic chinfa sich de dim bio thyc hifin cic mye tifiu chien lupe tiifiu qui. Trong trudng hpp niy, khii nifim sau bo sung v i lam rd thfim:
Lf hifn vi thgc Utn ning cao ning htc hogdi ^nk chlnh sddi...
Kfaii nifim chinfa sich KH&CN d pham vi rpng: Sy pfaat triln a i a cic khii nifim ve cfainfa sich KH&CN ngiy cing cy tfal hon, cd tbl faj^ "Cfainfa sicfa KH&CN l i mpt tfip hpp cic vfin bin quy pham phip lugt, djnfa ro cic phuong cham, nguyen tac, quy ^ n h , the lfi ciia Nhi nudc doi vdi hoat dfing KH&CN lim CO sd cdio cdng tic quin ly KH&CN" [22]. Kfaii nifim niy cfao tfaiy, ctiinh sicfa K I ^ C ^ cd nfaieu (lang, the loai khic nfaau cd tfal Ii ctiiln lupc, quy faoacfa, k l hoach (quylt djnh), sy hu(hig din cy till (thdng tu) v i l i CO sd d l (juin ly KH&CN.
Cd till edn nhilu khii nifim v l chinh sich KH&CN, trong nghifin ciiu niy chii ylu d l c^ den bai loai khii nifim etiinh d pham vi rpng v i d pham vi fapp, tuy tfaupc vio tdng trudng faijrp cy tfal dl xic djnh vi tri, vai tid ciia ctiinfa sich KH&CN se khich quan.
2. Ning I ^ hofch djnh chinh sach khoa h^c va cong ngh$
Zl. Khdi nifm nang Igc
Be chinfa sich dupc thyc thi cd hifiu qui thi dilu kifin quan trpng Ii phii cd nfing lyc hoach (finh chinfa sicfa. Nfing lyc dupc xem nhu l i "nfaiing khi nfing CO bin dya ufin co sd tri thiie, kinh nghifim, cic gii tn v i tlufin hudng ciia mdt con ngudi dupe phit triln thdng qua thyc hinh", ktii ndi din n&ig Igc l i phii ndi din khi nfing thyc faifin, l i pfaii biet lam, chu khdng chi biit vi hieu [\3,tr.26].
"Nfing lye dupc tfal hiyfin nhu mpt hfi tiiong khi nfinfe sy tiiinh thao hofic nhung ky nfing thiet yai, cd the giiip con ngudi dii tf eu kifin vuon tdi mOt mye dich cy tfie" [18, U.45]. Theo Td chiic Phit triln v i Hpp tic kinh tl, Oy ban Ho trp phit triln [28], cym tii "nfing lye" dupc tiiai li: "Toin bp khi ning eiia con ngudi, to chiie v i xfi hpi de thyc hifin thinfa cdng cdng vific".
Trong eic no lye lim rd nghia ciia "ning lyc", khia canh quan trpng diu tifin lifin quan tdi nang lyc ctia ai (hofic cua cdi gi). Mfic dit cd sy khic nhau ve thufit n ^ giua eic tii lifiu, vin ed sy thira nhfin ehung rfing, nfing lyc dupc the hifin d ba cip dd; ci nhfin, to chiic v i mdi trudng xung quanh.
Phfin loai nfing lyc Ii mpt van d l rat phiic tap, ket qui phy tfaupc vio quan diem v i tifiu chi pfain loai, cho den nay, v l co bin cd ba loai chinh:
Nang /(IC tdng thi. dupc fainfa thinh v i phit triln nhd qui trinh dupc gjio dye v i dio tao, mdi nfing lyc tong the can;
Cidp phin tao nfin kit qui ed gia tn cho x3 hpi v i cpng d6ng;
Giup cho cac c i nhin dip dng dupc nhflng ddi hdi cua mpt b6i cfinh rOng Idn va pfaiic tap;
Chiing ed till kfadng quan upng vdi cic cfauyen gja, nhung rit quan trpng vdi tat c i mpi ngudi.
JSTPM Tdp 4, Sd 1,2015 39
De ntifin difin nang tyc tdng tfal, H ^ draig ctiau Au (EU) dua ra ba tioi ctii;
Thtf nhdt, l i ktii nang huu icb ciia nfing 1\K: iy ddi v(ii tit c i c:ic ttiinfa vifin cpng dong. Cfaung pfaii lien quan dot tit c i mpi ngudi, kfawig ke gjdi tinh, giai cip, ndi gjdng, vfin hda, ngdn ngii v i faoin chinfa gia ^nfa.
Thu-hai, nd ptiii tufin tfau (pfaii hgp) vdi cic gji tri dao diic, kinfa tl, vfin hda v i cic quy udc xfi hpi.
Thv ba, yeu to quylt dinh l i boi einti, trong dd cic nang lyc co bin sfi dupc ung dyng.
Tbeo budng tiep cfin nfing luc, hifin nay, cd tren 35 nfing lyc khic nhau, nfing lye tu duy dfic bifit cjuan ti^g, l i cot Idi c ^ ntiieu boat dpng tri tufi, bao gom cic yeu to nhu: gjii quyet vin dt, quylt d^nti, phe pfain, phit triln Ifip lufin v i sii dyng cae chiing cii cfaung nunh cho tfip lufin cua minfa.
Ning Ifrc cd nhdn: Nfim 2006, UNDP gjii thich ring, d cap dp c i nfain, nang lyc l i nhihig ky nfing v i kien thiic cua mdi con ngudi.
Khic vdi nfing lyc tong the, nfing lyc c i ntifin the t i i ^ muc dp tfadng tfaao - hie l i cd tfae tfayc hifin mOt cich ttiinfa thyc v i ctiic ctiin - mpt tiay mpt so dang boat dpng nio dd aia c i nlian. Nfing lyc cd tiie phit triln trfin co sd nfing ktiilu, scmg kfadng pfaii l i bim anfa, mi Id kit qua phai trien cua xa h0}
va cua con ttguai (ddi song xa hgi, sir gido efyc vd ren luy^n, hogt dgng cua cd nhdn). Ndng lyx cao dat dupc nfaung tfainfa tyu faoan tfaifin, xuit sfic, mdi me, cd y nghia xfi fa^, ggi Id tdi ndng. Tdi ndng ddc biet lim nen ki tich Uong hoat d ^ g sing tao, vupt lfin trfin miic binh thudng dupc ggi Id thien tdi.
Ning l^ to chirc: tfaeo WHO nfim 2009, cd ba ITnh vyc idn cin dtnyc xem xet vdi moi to cbuc: dilu hinh v i Ifinh dao, nguon lyc; truyin tfadng v i mang lum. Dieu hinh chu ylu de cfip tdi cich (fieu hinh to chiic - c i hfi thong (fieu hinfa ben trong (tii ctiinti, nhfin lyc, quin Iy tfadng tin,...) v i sy dilu hinfa tricfa nfaifim bfin ngoii tfadng qua cic co che. C i ifieu hinh va Ifinfa dao diu inh faudng tdi vific ning lyc to ehiic dupc pfait trien, duy tri, hofic do ludng dupc. Do do, nfing luc Ifinfa dao v i diku hinh tiong mdt t6 chuc chua dyng rat ntiieu thinh phan cCia ddi song td chuc, bao gom tim ntiin chung, "thii dp" vi tinh dong ntiit eiia td ctnic - tit c i doi rit quan tr<^g d l to chiic cd tfal nfain nfafin bin thin nd hay nd dupe nfain nfafin bdi cic to chiic kfaac nfau the nio [6].
Nguon lyc ttiieh hpp vi ben viing uong mpt to chiic ddng vai ud quan tipng, bao gom dpi n ^ cin bp diy dii, dupc dio tao, thiie diy v i ho tip phii tu^p; (^c nguon von sfin ed v i ding tin cfiy Truyen tfadng v i mang lu(!n bao g(Nn nfing lyc ciia td efaiie uong vific truyfin dat vfi cdng vific eiia fap, phit trien v i ^ n giu moi c^uan hfi vcri cic to chiic ktiie, kha ning ciia to chiie tnmg vific boat ddng trong vi/hofic pliit trien mang ludi (gom c i mang Iu(ii thuc hofic io, dja phucmg hofic toin cau).
L^ lu4n vi tiitfc tiln ning cao nSng ttfc hogdi ^nh dilnh sddi...
2.2. Ndng l^c hogch ^nh chinh sdch khoa hgc vd cong nghf Hoach dinh dupc hi«i la vific vach ra (thiet kl) m$t each rd ring mye tieu, cich tfaiie dat dupc mong muon xay dyng, tic dpng, thay doi doi tupng mOt cich rd ring.
Tiep cfin quy tiinh boacfa (finh chinh sicfa cdng nen chung, cfainh sicfa KH&CN ndi rifing cbo ttiay ed S budc quan trpng ktii tien hinh hoach (finh chinh sich.
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V
Lnahfn
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Hinh. 5 bvrdc ({uan tipng ktii tiln binh hoach djnfa ehinh sich Ngudn: Leslie A. Pal. (2011) Phdn tich chlnh sdch mdt cdch hifu qud - Nhitng vdn diea bdn
Hoach dinh etiinfa siefa Ii boat ddng ra quylt djnh cic chinh sich mdi. Cic ylu to tao nfin nang lyc faoach dinh chinh sich KH&CN bao g6m: tri tufi, khi nfing ky thufit v i siic chju dung, cd thi tifin lupng dupc v ^ de, cd vai trd va ed chiic nang nhifim vy trong to chiic, cd khi ning dua ra dupe quylt dinh, khi nfing tinic diy tfayc tfai cfainfa sicfa
Nfing lyc hoach $nh chinh sich KH&CN dupc hieu l i nfing lyc ra quyet ifinh cic chinb sich KH&CN mdi. Cho den nay, khii nifim ning lyc hoach djnh chinh siefa KH&CN cdn it dupc dl cfip din. Nfim 2003, TS. Nguyen Danh Son [4] da (hra ra khii nifim nang lyc npi sinh vl KH&C^ bao gom nfing lye npi sinh d cip vT md vi vi md, trong dd, nang lye ra quyfit djnh v l phit trien KH&CN li nfing lyc npi sinh d cip vi md "NSng lyc ra quyet (finh vl phit trien KH&CN l i mpt npi him quan upng aia ning lyc npi sinh vl KH&CN, the hifin khi nfing ciia mpt quoc gja cd the ty minfa ra cic quylt ifinh diing dfin vi phii h(?p dk phit hiln ICH&CN, phyc vy tot nhit nhu ciu phit trien bin vihig aia dit nude" trong nhflng gidi han nfait djnh, nfing lye hoacfa djnh chinb sich KH&NC dupc hilu li ning lye npi sinh v l KH&CN d cip vi md.
3. Soi tiTQiag can nang cao nang lyx faoach d|nh chinh sich khoa hpc v i cong nghf
i . / . Cdc c^ hogch ^nh chinh sdch KH&CN chn ndng cao
Bd miy Nfai nude dupc tp chiic thinh cic co quan nhi nudc dl thyc hifin cic nhifim vy va cbiic ning nhi nudc. Cd thi phin loai thanh ba hfi thong
JSTPM Tip 4, SSI. 2015
CO quan nha nude, dd li; hfi tfadng cic co (juan lap phip, co quan hinh ptiip v i CO quan tu phip.
Cho den nay, lien quaa den hoach £ n h ctiinfa sacfa KH&CN chu ylu l i cic CO quan Ifip phip va cae eo qjozn hinh p h ^ . Hfi tfaong cic co cjuan 1 ^ pfaip la cac CO quan quyen tyc nfai nudc, bao gran: Quoc boi (fac^c Ngfai vifin) v i cic hpi dong ^ a ptiuong. Hfi thong cic co (]uan hinfa p t i ^ l i cic co quan fainfa cfainh Nfaa nude, bao gom Chinh phu (Iiay N ^ cic), cic bp v i co quan ngang t>p, cic co quan tryc thupc Ctiinh pfaii, cae ctiinfa quyfin $ a phuong.
NgiKri faoach dinh chinfa sich Ii nhung ngudi ctiju tricfa ntiifim doi vdi lifi tiiong cic chinh sich (]uan upng cua kfau vyc nfai nudc (chinh sich cdng) hofic kfau vuc ngo^ ntii nudc (tu nhan). Tiep cfin the che cho ttiiy etiinfa sich ICH&CN cjuoc gja tfaudng dupe plian tlianh tiai e ^ vi md v i vi md, tren co sd ptiin loai dd cfao ttiay, cd tiai titi6m dot tupng faoacfa (finh etiinfa sau:
- Cigr hogch ^nh chinh sdch KHACN vf mo: li cfainfa siefa d tam quoc gia, cd tic d$ng Uong toin fafi tfa6ng ctia (]udc gja, C^ioc hpi v i Ctunh pfaii cd quyen quyet dinh.
Cic cip chuan bj ctiinh sich v i quin Iy ctunh sich KH&CN Ii cic Ban/Vfin phdng tryc thuOc Cfainh phu, eic bp v i cic eo (man ctii dao ctiinh sicfa KH&C^ quoc gja. D I tbiic diy chinh sich bao gom cic eo quan/to cbiic chinh pfaii va plii chinfa pfau, cap thyc tiifin ctiinh sich KH&CN l i cic co sd tien hinh nghien ciiu, sin xuat (vifin, trudng, doanb ngtiifip,..) eiia cic thinh pfain kinh t l trong xfi fadi.
- C&p hogch 0nh chinh sdch KH&CN vi md: li ctiinfa sich ciia cic to cfaiic KH&CN, doanh ngtiifip trong hfi thong qudc gia nfaung pfaii ludn dfit uong kfaudn kho ciia chinh sich vT md, tuy ntiien, chinfa sich vi md cd tinh dpc Ifip tuong doi.
Cfao din nay, cd nhilu ngtiifin ciiu ve phin cap hoach djiih ctunh sich KH&CN, ve CO bin diu phan tfainh cae cip ra quylt djnh v i tfayc faifin quylt djnh. Theo TS. Dfing Duy Ttijnh [5], cich tilp cfin nhit the hda cho thay qui trinfa faoacfa djnfa ctiinfa sicfa KH&C^ dupe tfayc tiifin d cic cip sau; c i p ra quyet ^nh: dii cd ctiinh phii cd (]uyen tiln hinh cic lya chpn I(hi v i ban hinh ehi thi xic dinh ctiinfa sicfa cfaung Uong ITnfa vyc KjH^CN, cbl d$ ngfaj vifin cd quoc hpi xem xet. Cip chuan bj quyfit ifinh v i cip quan ly: l i cic bp v i cic eo quan chi dao ctiinh sich KH&CN quoc gia (chuan bj ke faoacfa v i ngfin sicfa tbl tiifin mye tioi v i dy kien cic nguon lyc dl dat mye tieu). Cung d cip niy cdn cd cic "Hpi ddng KH&CN quoc gia" l i co quan tu van, mi tfainh phin gom cic c i nhin nhi kfaoa hpc, dai difin co quan kfaoa hpc, hifip hpi kfaoa h(?c,..- DSy l i nhung nfaa faoat dpng thyc tien tai cic to chuc khac nhau cd lifin quan den KH&CN Cip thiic diy, do l i hfi thcMig CO (plan tii trp. Tuy tfaeo mdi nudc, cd tfae giao cho bp miy fainfa
42 Lf luin vi Age Hin ning cao ning ltfc hoecfi l^nk dilnk sdch...
ctiinli, cic faifip hpi, vifin hin lam, fa$i dong nghifin cuu tfayc faifin v i cip tfayc hifin, do Ii c i c eo sd tiln hinfa nghien cihi (vifin, tnidng, doanh nghifip,...) ciia cic tiiinh ptiin kinh tl.
n . TH^rc T I £ N N A N G C A O N A N G LV"C: K H U N G TIEU c i r i vA D 6 I TU'<3WG N A N G C A O N A N G H T C H O A C H © I N H CHfNH SACH KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G N G H £ TRONG B Q I CANH MOI
1. Ning cao nang 1 ^ cho cac cap vf mo (cip ra quylt d|nh) Boi cinfa mdi tiifin nay cfao tfaiy cd ntiieu cip tham gia v i quyet djnfa uu tien, djnh hudng cfao faoat dpng KH&CJN, bao g6m; c i c tS chiic quoc t l , nhdm cic chuyfin gia quoc tl, cic to cfaiic, mang lucid khu vyc v i quoc tl, cic cip vT md v i vi md d quoc gia. Trong khudn kho quoc gia tap trung vio cic nhi faoacfa dinh chinfa sich vT md v i vi md d l ning cao nfing lyc xic djnh uu tien, djnh hudng. Da so tiifin nay cho ring, vipc xic djnh, (finh fauting cin cd ntiilu bfin lifin quan, theo WHO (2009) l i tiong "moi quan hfi tay ba" cic ntii nghifin ciiu - thinfa vifin cpng dong - cic nhi hoach djnh ctiinfa sicfa dl cung xiy dyng Ifi trinfa pfait triln KH&CN.
Ll. Ndng /(TC lanh dgo
T^ nlun cluin lugv: Jofan Adair [31 ] cfao ting, tim chiln lupc ctiinh Ii kfai ning ntiin ttiiy trudc xu the ciia mdi trudng hoat d$ng miiri, xu till eiia thj uudng; cy the hon t i xu the ciia moi ^uan hfi cung - ciu ciia mpt sin pham/cficb vy nio dd tren thj trudng, c i ngfin ban v i dai ban. Bk ed dupc tim nfain chiln lucre doi hdi Ifinb dao can hpi dli cic ylu to: (1) Cd to chat, nhfin quan cfaien lupc; (2) Cd kiln tfaiie tfauc sy v l ITnfa vyc hoat dpng; (3) Nfim vflng cic phuong pfaip dy bio xu the, dy bio sy thay ddi ciia cung - ciu ciing nfau cic nhin to tic dpng den xu the do; (4) Nfim rd yfiu cm doi vdi tim nhin (Aien lupc, vi (5) Thiy rd vai ud v i y ngiiia ciia tim nfain ehien lupc, John Adair din chiing ciing v6i quan dilm eiia dng cd Wanen Bennis v i John Maxwell [21] li bai fapc gji hing dau ve nghifin ciiu lanh dao dfi md t i tam ntiin giong nhu mpt biic tianh tpng tfal, d^p de, cd till dat dupc v i ngudi diu tien rd net nhat ve biic Uanh do chinh l i Ilnh dao. Cy till hon, theo Jim Collins, tim nhin l i tit c i nhflng hilt Iy, quan dilm, ke hoach, mye tifiu c^ infa hudiig hofic mang tinh djnh hudng dai han. D l dat duqc mye tifiu can cd cic yfiu to quan Upng nhu gii tii c6t I5i (tri ldi cho ciu hdi tin vio (fieu p7 dilu gi Ii quan ttpng v i qui gii nhil? (Blu gj gjup trudng ton?), tinh than, bit bien v i on djnfa Ii co sd, nen ting ciia tim nhin.
Theo Jotm Adair, tam ntiin ctii dich sfi den mudi nfim, hai muoi nfim, nfim mucri nim v i tiifim cbi din mdt ttfim nfim l i kim chi nam cho mpi boat dpng, li nhan to tao ra dpng lyc cho sy phit trien, tao ra sy thong nhit, t | ^ II trung v i kit dinh. De dat dupe mye ifich, cie bp phfin, c i nhan pbii tim den
JSTPM T^ 4, Sd 1,2015
abaa, sit cinli, doin kit v i ptiii cd nguon h/c da manh (ngum lye tii t>en ttODg) va sy tfip tiung cao dp, tim ntiin ^itp day tri sy phfit trien v i tnidng t«i. Gii tri cot 1(^ dupc vi nJni tip gen, moi c i nfaan cua to chuc se dUpc tiuyen lai, tii dd mang tton^ minh d^ £ e m rioig aia to chuc, dupc duy tri qua ntiieu tfafi hfi v i ludn dn dinfa. Jotm Adair neu rd, mpt tim nliin diing din cd tinb gjio dye cao, muc tieu ctiinh yoi lurai hudng den nhflng ifioi tot d^p sfi hudng cac ttiinfa vien bifit ren gjiia, ptiin diu de ngiy c:ing tot hem vi thyc tufin ly tudng.
- Yeu cdu doi vdi tdm nhin chien luftc: tufin cd rit ntiiai hpc gii ngtiifin eiiu md tiinh tam nliin, tuy ntiifin, ed hai md lunh dupc qoan tam nhiai nfait t i md fainh BHAG v i SMART cua Tim Collins.
Mo hinb BHAG
Mpc ti£u d l ra phfii la cic mpc tieu khi lao.
Miic ti£u nao cfing dhi cbiia dpng tui ID khi tivc lufin, rfii ID cing Ifhi, kit qofi vfi hifiu qua cang cao.
Muciieupbflikhflthi.titcc6flifedatdiiac l-T^-1'?r::--.
Ngudn: Collins J.. Ponas J. (1994) Butlt to Last: Suxessfiil HcAils of I 'isionary Companies
Mo hinh SMART
Hpp ly Uong Ithoflng thdi gian da djnh
\gu6n • Collins J.. Ponas J. (1994) Built ta Last: Successfiil HcAils of f'isionary Omipemies - Ca sa cua tdm nhin chien lugrc: Trong cdng trinfa "Xiy dyng de trudng tmi" Jim Collins qua ngtiien cihi 18 cdng ty hing dau the giiTi vdi dp tuoi ttung binfa gin 100 nfim (tii nfim 1926), dng dfi nit ra kit lufin, n^yfin nfaan tfainh cdng aia tit c i nhung cdng ty vT dai v i tnidng ton Ii hp dfi kit hpp mpt cich tii tinh vific duy tri nfaflng gi thupc vl cot Idi (jpi trj cot ldi) vdi vific khuyin ktuch ip dyng cii tiln mdi ttong boat dpng. Nluai y kiln cfao ring, gji tri cot Idi cfainfa Ii nen ting cho sy pliit triln bin vung, ctunh l i vfin hda eiia td cfaiic, quoc gja.
De cd duQC gji trj cot tdi cin ptiii cd sy ngtiien aiu, lya cfapn, c:b(7n Ipc rat ky, kfadng pim l i sy vay mu(7n, sao chep mi ptiii dupc xay dyng, diic kit trong mpt thdi gjan dii vi datjc luu truyCT, nfafin rpng. Tinh tiudng ton aia gji tri cot Idi Ii d eho kfai ed bat Ipi xiy ra van dupe duy tri Do dd theo Jim Ccdlins, de cd gii tri c:6t Idi can ptiii ed su tao lap, (hiy tri, oing co, phat triln gii tri cot Idi l i mdt trcHig nhifim vy quan Upng ciia lanh dao v i to chuc. Ben canh ylu to gji tri, ntii lfinh dao phii chii y din yeu to mdi tiudng bea ngoii, pbu nliin t l i ^ dupc xu tfal, tuong lai tiudc khi Aia ra tim ntiin
Ly btgn vi Onfc bin ning cao ning ttfc hotdi iQnk diinh sddi...
- Xdy dung vd lya ch(m tdm nhin chien luoc: Tfaeo ntiioi chuyen gia, dl xiy dyng dupc tam ntiin cin ptiii cd pfaucmg phip, faifin nay, cd rit nfaieu pbucmg phip nhu dy bio, boi quy, nOi suy, ngoai suy, chuyfin gia, hpc hpi, ttiam quan, thufi tu vin, lay y kiln,... sau khi sur dyng cic phucmg phip ngudi lanh dao can tong bqp v i lya cfapn gii tii cot loi nhat.
• Tn^n dqt tdm nhin: Sau khi hoin thifin vific xiy dyng v i lya chpn tim nhin chien lupc, vific truyin dat rat can tbilt nhim dua den thdng tin, nfafin thiic v i sy ddn nhfin ciia mdi ngudi. £>l fin siu vip tam thiie, tiem tinic eua mdi ngudi vific tniyen dat phai rd rang, de tiieu, cd sy nhfic lai, liu din se dupc tiiam siu, thim nhuin cic gji tri, trilt ly, phucmg chim hinh dpng, tii dd nh lye ctiia se. Vific truyen dat can cd sy lya cfapn cicfa thiie, phucmg phip. Hifin nay, phirong pfaip tryc quan sinfa dOng dupe pfao biln nhit.
1.2. Nang Itfc ra quyet ^nh
De cd nang lyc ra quyet (finti, cic nhi lanh dao phii thudng xuyen tiau doi kiln thiic, ky nfing ttong Ilnh vyc, pham vi ra quyet djnh, diy l i dieu kifin CO bin d l cd (tupc cic quylt djnh diing. Theo John Adair, nfing lye ra quylt djnh dupe tfal hifin qua vific tti Idi/gtii quyet cau hdi: Nhung gi can phii lim? Tai sao phii lim nhihig cii dd? Pham vi inh hudng ctia quylt djnh dd din diu? Va cin pfaii lim nfaflng eii dd bfing cich nio? Cy the c:ic nhi lfinh dao cdn ( ^ phii tri ldi ( ^ cau hdi nhu' Ai sfi lim? Ktii nio lim? Lim d diu? Dilu kifin vfit chit dl thyc hifin l i d ? Bao gid kit tinic? Kit qui toi tfailu phii dat l i gi? T 6 chiic kiem tta v i tong kit bio cio nhu the nio? Vfin dyng mpt each Iinh boat quy trinh ra quylt djnh vio cic hoin cinh cy tfal cung l i mpt ttong so cic tifiu chi dinh gii nfing lye ra quylt ^ n h ciia cic nhi Ifinh dao, John Adair d i dua md hinh ra quyet djnh ciia Prentice Hall 1980 minh hpa mpt cich rd hem nhu sau
Md hinh quyet dinh-DECIDE Btnh:
1 2 3 4 5
D E C D&I
E
N$i dung Define problenis
Eminieiate possible causes Collect infomiation Develop measures and Inqileiiieiit the chosen measure Evaluate the impleneidation
Xfic dinh vfin d l Li^t k£ cic nguy£n nhfin c6 tbl Thu thfip thong tin
Phfit inin gifli phfip vfi thyc thi cic gifli phfip ducc chon Dfinh gifi v i ^ thpc thi gifli phfip dfl chpn
Ngudn: (Huber. Steps in Decision Making, Prentice Hall 1980) Theo y kifin ciia n h i ^ cfauyfin gia n ^ f i n ciiu, chit lupng aia quylt djnh dua ra ngoii phy thupc vio tinh khich quan eiia tiidng tin, cdn phy thu^c vao logic ciia qui Uinh ra quylt djnh (md hinh Decide). Vific xic djnh chinh xic
JSTPM Tip 4, Sd 1,2015
van de can ^ i i ^lylt Ii rit qwn trpng, de cd Aitjc ntii lfinh dao can ptiii nfim rd bin chat cua van de. Bin cliit van de ludn cd hai dang ticfa cyc v i tiot cyc: Van dl tiefa eye l i khoing cicfa gifla mye tieu cin dat vdi ktii ning thyc
^ CO till dat (fiipc (cic nhan to tfainfa e ^ g ) . Van de tioi cyc l i kfaoang cicfa giibt muc dp thyc te ^ t vdi miic dp le ra cd tfae dat dupc (nguyen nfaan goc re de dya vio dd dua ra gjai p t i ^ gjii quylt tin goc vin de).
Mfin ed rit nfaiai pfaucmg phip de ra quylt dinh nhu: phuang ptiip eo vin, lufit da so, nhat tri, ddng nao v i pbic hpa tiieo Ic^c,... tiiy vio hoin cinli, (filu kifin cic nfai lanh dao lya chpn phucmg phip ra quyfit djnh, ben canfa dd cin kit fapp ven mpt md tiinfa phii fapp Hai phuong ptiip dpng nao v i pliic hpa theo logic dupc cho Ii kbi hifiu qui dl dua ra giii phip giii quyfit vin d l v i md binh GREAT dupc cfao l i lya chpn tm uu vdi 5 tiai clii: (i) Gain: Lpi ich thu dupe klii lya chpn gjii phap, (ii) Risk. Riii ro kfai cfaip ntifin giii pfaip; (iii) Expense Chi pfai phii bd ra; (iv) Actiievability: Miic dp khi thi cua giai p t i ^ ; (v) Time-bound: Ttidi gian hpp Iy [29].
1.3. NSng l^c gdy dnh hirdng vd xdy di/mg hinh dnh
Jotm Adair ebo ring, nang lyc giy inh budng v i xay dyng hinfa infa gin vdi nfing lyc dpng vien, khuyen ktiich nhung rpng hon vi bao triim hon. Giy inh hudng l i qui trinh vfin dyng mpt cich tong hpp tat ci cie bifin phip tao in tupng doi vm mpi ngudi, chii y vio ylu to phi chinh tiiuig, khdng phy thupc vio n ^ (luy, quy cbe, chii truong, cbinh sich ciia to chiic, nfaung ed y nghia vd Cling to ldn. IChi nang niy ptiy tfaupc vio quyen uy mi nhi lfinh dao dd cd (chuc vy, uy tin, tiinh inh, ning lye cfauyfin mdn,...). Cd the ntifin tliiy ning lyc giy inh hudng v i xiy dyng hinfa infa gin vm dang Quyen luc mem aia ngudi lanh dao: Quyen lye mem Ii dung kha nfing gjinh dupe nbung thii minh muon thdng qua vific giy infa faudng,.. dat din7C nhflng gi minfa muon bfing eicb tbdng qua khi nfing tao ra infa hudng vin ngucri khic, tic dpng tch hfi tfaong gji tri ciia ngudi kfaic, lim thay doi cich suy n g ^ cua ngudi khic, v i ciua dd ktiien ngudi kfaic mong muon cliinh dieu mi minh mong muon.
Dd li quyin luc mim, th^rc hi?n thong qua sir fk^ ddn vd thuyit phuc. Doi vdi mpt quoc ^ a , cjuyln lyc mem dupc tao dyng trfin 3 yeu to: \ ^ hda quoc gia, gji tri quoc ^ a vi chinh sich ciia qu6c pa dd [10]
De giy dupc inh hudng ein phii nfim dupe cich thirc, qui trinfa giy inh hudng vdi nhioi cich nhu; sy tuin thii miy mdc, sy cim hda, sy thin tupng,.- viA ntiieu phuong thiic khic nhau nhu: tfauylt phyc, kfiu gpi, dinh d6i, tu vin, hpp t i c . nhfim thu phyc, cim hda so ddng, cip dam.
1.4. Ndng /(rr hieu minh, hieu ngirdi
Tfaeo ntiieu nha tim ly, faioi minfa v i tiilu ngudi li mpt thupng sicfa, doi vdi cic nhi hoach (finh etiinh sicfa ICH&CN vific failu doi tucmg chju tic
Lf hiin vi ftift ttn ndng tao ning b/c hogch ifinh dilnh sdch...
d ^ g ciia cfainh sach K I ^ C N vd cung quan trpng, c6 tfal dua din thinh edng hay thit bai. Cho din nay, cd n t i i ^ cicfa d l "hioi ngudi", tuy ntiien cd tiai cicfa co bin sau;
Suthpigphiiu ddnh gid: ttiiet keptiieu danfa gii guri din doi tupng ctiju tic dpng ctia cfainh sich KH&CN, liy y kiln v i phin tich;
Sir dung phuang ph^ 36Cf\ dinh gji dya ttfin sy nttin ntifin ciia tit ci nfaung ngudi :amg quanfa vdi cic nhdm; (i) Dinh gii dia cip trfin; (ii) Dinfa gii ciia cip dudi; (iii) Dinfa gii eiia d6ng ngfaifip; (iv) Dinfa ^ i ciia khich hing; (v) Dinh gja eua nhflng ngudi cd lien quan.
Trong boi canh mdi dl xic $ n h uu tifin, i$nh hudng phit trifin KH&CN cic nhi hoach ^ n h chinfa sicfa KH&CN can failu rd trinfa dp, kfai nfing, nfing lyc ciia ddi tiipng chju anh hudng cua chinh sich KH&CN v i nhu cau, yfiu ciu phit triln kinh te - xfi hpi.
1.5. N&ng /(fc d^ng viin, khuyen khich
Trpng eic cdng trinh ngtiifin cuu ctia minh Kattiryn Bartol [20] cho ring, bfing sy dpng vifin, kfauyln ktiiefa ngudi lanh dao mdi c:d the khai thic, phit huy t6i da siic ngudi, siic ciia tiong hfi thong, to chtic v i r$ng hon l i xfi hdi- Ning lye dpng vifin kbuyln ktiich duqc tbl hifin: (i) Lim tfal nip dl ed dupc sy tham gia ty nguyfin ciia cip du6i; (ii) Lim thi nio de tniyln dupc nfaifit huylt cfap cip ducri; (iii) Tim ra cicfa thflc nip pfaii hpp vtSi hifin tai;
(iv) Giii quyet hifiu qui. Bat k l chinfa sicfa nio, ngudi lanh dao cip cao mdi cd quyln ban ban bfinh, cip khdng ban hinh chinb sich dd tiiudng l i tiiyc hifin cbinh sich. Chinb sich se khd (fi vio cupc s6ng nlu ngucri ban hinfa khdng tilp xiic vin ngudi thyc ttii, vific tiep xiic chi cd hifiu qui khi cd ning tyc dpng vien, khuyin khich
Theo Campbell v i Pritchard [12], neu khdng cd dOng vifin. khuyin khich nfing lyc con ngucri cfai Ii con s6 khmig ttdn trinfa, d^i vdi to cfaiic tfal khdng bao gid dat dupe mye tifiu. Md hinh ciia Campbell v i Pritchard neu mm quan hfi gjfla kit qui thyc hifin vcri nfing lyc, dfing vien, khuyin khich v i dieu kifin lim vific. Dl cd till dpng vifin, khuyin khich ngudi lfinh dao cin nim bfit dupc nfau ciu ciia mpi ngudi.
Nhieu nhfi nghifin ciiu v l nhu ciu cho ring, v l mfit ly tfiuylt, nhu c ^ rit da dang, ludn t h ^ doi tfieo hoin cinh, do dd, ngudi tinfa dao can nim rd sy tiiay doi nfau cau. ttfin eo sd do dilu tilt v i dip iing mdt cfich phii h<?p. Theo Maslow [8]^ cic nfau cau tinfa tfaan ngiy mOt ^ a tfing. D& vdi tiing dot tupng cy the n^ydi Ifinh dao ein cd cicli thuc dpng vien, kfauyen khich cd die sii dyng yeu to vfit chit nfau luong, tiiudng hofic dfii ngO; ylu t6 tinh than nhu khen ngpi, biai duong, bb nfaifim... Cic nfai ngfaien cuu v l tiinfa vi cfao ring, vific truyin cim hung vupt qua cap dd khoa hpe v i vuon tin trinfa
JSTPM T^4,Sdl. 2015 47
dp nghfi thufit, kfadng chi ^ tai bing cic phqi tinh ma dat tth sy rung dOog, cpng budng.
Tac ddog cua d$ng vioi v i k h u y ^ kfaicfa rit tdn, l i c^a khda di ktidng <M gjiip ptiit trien nhOng nguoi gjdi, cd nin^ lyc cua to dure m i cmi ^ u dinjic, tao nhifit huylt de tip d6c het tim siic d i p t6 dnic. Tbeo Maslow, ngtici lfinh dao ptiii ludn lumi ^ t ra caa fam lim llie n i o dfi cap duih ciia minfa lim vific tich cyc nliit, tap trung nhat ntiim dat (fiipc kit qua, faifiu qui cao ntiit ktii thyc tiifin ntiifim vy to ctnic gjao pfad.
2. Nang cao ning 1 ^ cbo cic c i p vi mo
Cfao din nay, cd rit nliilu doi bipng c ^ vi md cin dupc nang eao nfing lyc de thyc tiu chinh sicfa vi md v i hoach £tih ctiinfa siefa cnia td cbiic vi md.
Doi vdi tiing doi ttn^ng kbic nhau nhu doanfa n ^ f i p , to cfauc KH&CN do d^c tha boat ddng kfaic ntiau se cd nfing lyc ktiic nhau, mfic dii vfiy, ndng luc chung nhu xdy d^mg, ban hdnh chinh s^h cda td chuc vi ca bdn cdn phai duac ndng cao nhu ndng luc c^ vi mo. xdy tfyng tdm nhin. r0ng l{ic ra quyet (^nh..., ttong npi dung niy d l cap den nhung ning lyc cy the can cd cua doanh n ^ f i p , cac to chiic lUl&CN d l tfayc faifin chinfa sich vT md.
2.1. Ndng lifc vd tiiu chi ttdng cao ndng /(rr cho doanh ngldfp Doanh ngfaifip cd rit n h i ^ nfing lyc, tuy nfaifin. cd ba ning lyc quan ttpng can i ^ c ning cao, l i co sd de (^ dupc nfing lyc faoacfa djnb ctiinh sich:
Ndng luc cdng ngh0 (NLCN): l i ning lyc tap hm cic phuong phip, quy trinfa, 1^ ning, bi q i ^ ^ cmig cy, pfauong tifin de biln dii cfic nguon lyc tiiinh sin pham. NLCN aia doanh ngtiifip ddi hdi phii ed mdt tyc lvi<yng lao dpng ed trinfa dp nfait djnh v i pfauong ti^ lao ddng tuong dm t ^ . "NLCN c ^ mpt t»ng ty him chda mdt pfain ttong lyc lupng lao d ^ g cua cdng ty.
Cic nfaan vioi cd trinh dp l i tii sin quan trpng tfayc t i i ^ ddi mm. Khong cd cie nfain vien vdi trinfa dp cao, mpt cmig ty khmig tfal lim cbii dupc cic cdng n^fi mdi chu chua ndi dot thyc hifin dm miii. Ngoii ckc nha nghifin cihl, emig ty cung cin din cic ky su ed tfal (filu ktiien c:ie ttiao tic sin xuit, nhflng ngudi bin hing cd till hieu dupe edng nghfi hp bin, v i nfaflng tong gjim doc cd thi nhfin thiic duQC cac vin de v l cmig nghfi" [26]. Nhu vfiy, de cd dupc nfing lye cong nghfi, cic doanb ngfaifip pfaii cd nguon nfafin lye cd trinfa dp, mpt ttong nfaflng yeu td diu vao rit quan ttt^g quylt (finh den NLCN ciia doanh nghifip. "Mpt doanh nghifip hay mpt td chiic cd dupe mpt NLCN npi sinfa ktii hp cd khi nfing tifin hinh cic cmig vific chuin bj dau tu.
lya c:hc^ cdng nghfi dam pfain, mua, lip dfit, bio ciudng, cii tiln v i tfafim ctii phd bien nfaflng cdng ngfafi mi minfa dfi cd. Dfi tfayc hifin nhung (filu niy, nhung ngudi dfic uich cua doanh ngtiifip cin ptiii cd mpt muc dp hilu bifit nhat djnh thdng qua giao dye, dio tao v i kinfa ngtiifim" [9].
L)> luin vi tinfc tibi ningcao n&ng ltfc hotch djiih chinh sdch..
Ndng luc cht/yen giao tri thuc: Pfad bien tri thUe trong n ^ bp, d l tien binfa mpt faoat dpng ddi mdi sin pfaim v i quy trinh cdng nghfi, doanh ngtufip cin phii tiln tiinfa chuyoi gjao tri tbiic tadi ttong npi b$. Nfaflng kiln thUc eo ban dupc phd biln mpt cich rQng rai ttong n$i bp doanh ngtiifip, nhflng faoat dpng niy tao ra sy tuong tic gifla cae tiiiet che trong n$i bd.
Cfauyen gjao bi quyet, kfaac viii cich phd biln tri thiic mpt cich ty nlufin v i thdng tfaudng, vific chuyfin gjao tii tbiic mdi vdi nfaflng bi ({uylt mci "nhan td quan ttpng ddi vdi sy canh tranfa" ciia doanh nghiip, tfai khdng till "trin ra" ttong tit c i cic bp pfafin ciia doanh nghifip. Vific ehuyin gjao nay ein den nhung ngudi dfic bifit gidi, nhflng ngudi nay dupc diiih gji nhu "ngudi gic edng" edng nghfi chuyfin mdn, hp thudng xuyen cfip nhfit thdng tin, kiln thiic KH&CN m<7i, dupc giio dye v i dio tao bii bin de chuyen gjao v i nhfin chuyen giao tri thue mdi m^t cich tdt nfait. Robert Boyer va Micfael Didier [3] da chiing minfa ring, phin ldn thinh tyu ddi mdi dat dupc deu bit ngudn tu cdng tic nghifin ciiu do doanh nghifip ty tien binh, tiic l i ngudn tu bfin ttong doanfa nghifip.
Cie mdi quan fafi ben ngoii rit cin ttiiet de tiln hinh qui trinh ddi miii thinh cdng, vific duy tri v i thilt tfip quan hfi gifla ngudi cung flng v i ngudi sfl dyng sau nfaung hpp ddng chuyen giao cdng nghfi hofic sau nhflng hpp ddng mua bin cic kit qui NC&PT (phit minh, sing cbl, giii phip cii tiln ky thufit), mua sfim cdng nghfi, ttang thilt bj miy mix ky thufit edng nghifip, thiet ke edng nghifip v i khdi dpng sin xuat, chi phi cho dio tao cac sin pham mdi hofic cii tiln v l edng nghfi. Sy tang tiudng bit ngudn tfl nhflng yeu td ngoai sinh dupc tao ra ttong mdi quan hfi tic dOng qua lai Ian nhau gifla cic qui trinh cii tiln, ddi mdi cua cie dem vj sin xuat tiifiu qui hon.
Ngoii nhan td con ngudi, cdc nhdn to vdn hoa - x3 h^i ddng mpt vai tid rit quan ttpng inh hudng liin din ning lyc hpc hdi ciia doanh nghifip. Nfailu quan (fiem eho ring, day l i nhin td nen tang v i rit quan ttpng ddi vin hoat dpng doi min tufiu qui d doanfa ngtiifip. Sy de ding ttong giao tilp, cie kfinfa thdng tin hifiu qui, sy chuyin giao tay nghl v i tich luy tri thuc - xiy ra ttong ndi bp c^c to chuc v i ^ u a cic to cfauc vin. nfaau - ed tam quan ttpng Ithi. Dfic bifit, sy quin Iy tpt va tam ntiin chiln lupe thich hpp la nhung nhan td chii chdt [26].
Ndng liic ddi mdi: bao gdm mpt tfip hpp cic nhfin td ma cdng ty cd hofic khdng cd, v i cie cich to hpp cac nhan to dd mpt cich ed tiifiu qui [26]. De cd tfae tien hinfa dot mdi doanh ngtiifip can phii thyc hifin rat ntiieu budc v l kfaoa bpc, edng nghfi, td chuc, tii ctiinh v i thuong mai, cic boat dpng lifin quan chu yeu la NC&PT, khai thic v i sfl dyng kit qui NC&PT, tiep thj, chiln lupc ddi mcri, v i khi nwig chi tieu cua dpanh nghifip vio eic hoat dpng doi mdi. Cung vin nhihig nfing lyc neu tifin cd the cho ttiiy ning lyc
JSTPM Tip 4, S61,2015
cua doanh ngtiifip thi tufin d kit qua cua boat dpng (S ttiinfa cdng, bj bd dd hofic dang tien hinh. Doanh ngfaifip tiiinh cdng dupc h i ^ la nfaung ngudi tim ra, danfa gji v i kliai ttiic thcri co de tao ra tiing hda v i djch vy mm [18], khdng ctu* dimg lai d dd, nang lyc ddi mdi cua doanh nghifip chung minh d vific ^ i n h dugc \ri tri va M thfi canfa tranfa cua minh tren tiij trudng, tten co sd dpc quyen tu ddi mdi sin pbim hofic do cd bfing sing che de tao ra sin pliam cd ^ i tri cao, tfau dupc lpi nhufin cao.
2.2. Ndng luc vd tiiu chi n&ng cao ndttg hrc cho cdc td chuc KH&CN Theo OECD (2011), cic td cfauc ngtiien dia cdng (public research institutions-PRIs) ddng vai ttd rat cjuan ttpng eho sy ddi mdi do vai ttd ciia bp ttong vific tao ra v i truyin b i kiln thiic. Mfic du vfiy, ctii tifiu eho PRIs van cdn tian che, nhilu qudc gia gin nfau tuyfit ddi hda t i i ^ ehi tifiu eho NC&PT. sy thfit, etii tifiu eho PRIs ctiifim mpt phan nfad facm clii tifiu NC&PT ttong tdng sd GDP d eac nudc OECD. Dilu niy mang lai hifiu qui khdng cao, do dd, eic mye tifiu diu tu da dupe di»i ctiinfa trong nfaflng nfim gin diy d cic nudc OECD, tfip tmng vio PIUs ntiifiu facm, nhflng thich thuc ctunh sich min v i rpng hon Ii sy phit trifin ldnh tl, ctiinh tri da tfauc day sy tliay ddi ttong djnh huchig, xic (finh ntiifim vy KH&CN. Quan hfi fa(;p tic quoc t l cung da ting lfin v i tfaudng xuyfin, PRIs cd ngudn thu nhfip da dang hon, nhung tii trp C^ trd nfin ngiy cing canh tranh. Cie td chflc tii trp phai cin bing cic mye tifiu ngfin han v i dii ban dl duy tri chit lining ngfaifin cuu vi dim bio tinb ben vthig cac boat dpng cua PRI nfafim nang eao nfing lye cbo cic td chuc ICH&CN.
Nfing lye eua cic td chflc KH&CN Ii khi nfing ddi min trong vific tao ra v i tniyen bi tri thflc tren co sd boat dpng NC&PT la ctiinti, vi NC&PT Ii boat d$ng sing tao dupe tfayc tiifin mpt cic^ hfi tfadng dl ting cudng vdn tri thuc bao gdm tri thuc ve con ngudi, vfin fada, xfi hpi, ty ntiifin va su dyng vdn tri thuc niy de tim ra cic iing dyng min. Hoat dpng NC&PT chu yeu d cic td chuc KH&CN, trudng dai hijc, khu vyc djch vy.
Tieu chi ndng cao ndng life cho cdc tS chic khoa hgc vd cdng nghf - Phdt trien cdc td chiic KH&CN: Nhilu td chflc da kfauyln nghj diem mau chdt aia vific ning eao ning lye nghifin cuu phii Ii oing cd cie td chiic KH&CN va tao mpt mdi trudng nghifin cim rpng ldn hon [6]. Nhilu y kiln cho ring, ifilu niy se tao ra nfing lyc nghifin ciru ben vflng, vi cac td cbuc ngtiien ohi vflng manh cd the gjii quyet vfi cfin ban nhflng dilu kifin khdng thufin lpi nfau kinfa phi tii trp qudc ^ a qui it di; ddng tfadi cung cip mdi uudng can tfailt cho each tilp cfin da nganh - cicfa tifip cfin chu yeu cua ngtuen c ^ chinh sich. WHO kfauyln cio ring, cic quoc ^ a cd thu nhfip thip vdi khoing cich kfai \im ttong ning lyc ngtiifin aiu cin phii tao ra cic mye tieu ctiien lupc nhim thinh lip cic to cfauc ngtiien cim min, cic td
L]f ludn vi OiUc tiln ningcao ndngitfehotidi iftnA chlnh sdch...
diuc ngtiifin cuu da dupc thanfa Ifip tin cin phM dinfa gii xem c:ic td chuc dd cd dat cic yfiu ciu ciia bfi tfadng nghten cflu rpng Idn hon hay kfadng;
- Ddm bdo ngudn cung cdc nhd nghiin cuu: Dk cd dupc cic nfai nghifin cnhi chit lupng cao, cic td cbuc K I ^ C N cin lien kit vdi cic td chiic gjio dye v i dio tao, dfic bifit, vdi cac tnidng dai hpc dl tiiyln dyng v i gju cic nlii kfaoa fapc chit lupng cao tten co sd: Tdn trpng cac ntii ng}iifin cflu vi bdi dudng nhiing cin bp tifi tudi; Xay dyng chuin mye nghien cflu v i lyc lupng nmig cdt cic nfai ngtiifin cflu cfaitih sich KH&CN;
- Bdo ddm su bin viing vi tdi chinh: Da dang hda eic ngudn tii trp vi ning cao chit lu(^g quin ly tii ctiinh ddng vai trd quan trpng ttong vific bio dim sy ben vung v l tii etiinh ddi vin ckc td chuc KH&CN;
- Doc 1^ vd tu chu vi tdi chinh l i tifiu chi quan ttpng de huy dpng v i su dyng cie ngudn lyc, tuyIn dyng v i gju lai cic cfauyen gia cd cfauyen mdn v i theo duoi mpt chien lupc ngfaifin cuu chfit che mi khdng qui bj inh hudng bdi cic ip lyc ngin ban hpfic cie ip lye tfl ben ngoii. Tieu chi nfing eao ning lyc nay eho tiiiy Ngfaj (finh sd 115/2005/ND-CP ngiy 05/9/2005 ciia Chinfa phti quy djnh co che ty cfau; ty chju tiich nhifim cua cac td chflc KH&CN cdng Ifip v i Quylt djnh sd 1926/QD-TTg ngiy 20/11/2009 v l vific cip kinh phi hoat dpng thudng xuyfin nim 2010 cho cic td chuc KH&CN tiiyc hifin Nghj djnh so 115 l i mpt ttong nhflng tieu chi quan ttpng dl ning cao ning lyc cua eic td chflc ICH&CN;
- Cdn bdng vd hdi hoa mdi quan hi v&i cdc cdp hoach (tjnfa cfainh sich KH&CN vT md hay cic td cbuc tai ttp, ddi tic l i vd cung ein tiiilt. Do dd, uong qui trinh phit triln td chflc KH&CN mdi hofic nhung td chiic KH&CN dfi hoat dpng can luu y din muc dp quan b^ vdi cic cip fapach djnb chinfa sicfa KH&CN vT md, tiifin nay mflc "trung lap" dupe cho l i ed tiifiu qui nbit;
- Ddu hr vdo cong tdc ldnh ^o vd qudn ly: Khdng chi d cic cip hoach djnh cbinb sich vT md, cic cip tham muu v i tu vin rat cin diu tu vio edng tic Iinh dao va quin Iy. Nhieu td chuc KH&CN tien till gidi, cic td chuc khic nhu OECD, WHO^ UNESCO, UNIDO diu eho ring cic td chflc KH&CN can cd ke hoach diu tu cdng tie Ifinfa dao v i quin Iy. Nim 2009, WHO dfi nfiu^"Dau tu vio edng tie Ifinh dao v i quin Iy can dupc nhin nhfin l i m^t chien lupc quan upng de phit tiiln eic co quan ngltien cflu. Xiy dyng mang lutji lim vific v i ttao ddi gifla cic nhi Ifinh dao cung Ii mOt chiln lupc phit trien ning lye nghien cim hifiu qui. Ben canh vific phit ttiln nfing lyc Ifinh dao, co quan nghifin cflu cung can cd hfi thdng quin ty hflu hifiu, dfic bifit ttong ITnfa vyc tii cfainh, nfain sy v i Ifip k l hoach";
-Phdt trien vdn hda id chuc KH&CN: Vfin hda td chuc Ii cic gii ttj, qui tie v i cic khudn mau tieu bieu cho cie boat dOng quan hfi xfi hpi trong m^t
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to cttth: cfainh ttiuc. Kattuyn A Baker da nfain manfa tfafim, vin fada td cfaiic
^ p c faieu rd li: 0) Yeu to cin thilt cfao su tfaay dm td cfaiic tfainfa c&ig v i sy gia tfing g^i tq cua ctiinfa ccm ngudi; Oi) Quin ly vin hda (tfi trd nen nhu mpt ning lye qoan ly tfaen cfaot; v i fiii) Sy tliich h(7p van hda cd the l i mpt ifilu kifin can ttult ( ^ sy ttiinfa cwig cua td cfaiic.
Tdm lgi, vific nang cao ning lyc hoacfa dinfa ctiinh sich KH&CN l i quan trcmg v i can ttiiet d c i cap vT md v i vi md nhim dua ctiinfa sich KH&CN vao cupc sdng mpt cich tiifiu cpii, de KH&CN ktifing (finfa vj tri, vai ttd l i d$ag lye pfaat trien kinh t e - x a h $ . Cacfa tfauc ning eao pfad b i ^ ntiit l i dio tao ngin Iian v i tfauc faanfa tiiudi^ xuyoi tfadng qua vific tfauc ngtiifim (jiinfa sidlt d ptiam vi nfad (tucmg ty nhu lim ttii tfion) sau dd nit kinh ngtiifim cic btnic 6ea hinh ve co bin tiieo (juy trinh 5 budc da neu d ttfin Sau cic budc qiiy djnfa dfi dupc tiiyc ngtiifim. Idem tra, rut kinh ng^fim mm ti^ faanfa ban hinfa mdt ctiinh sacfa KH&CN mini.
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