TgpiiilKhoaha:Cdngngh(Ningnghi(pmNam-S69<l06)/20t9 Tita drafa ViH Nam, 2011. TCVN 8660;2011. Tilu Tiln chuln Vi|t Nam. 2011. TCVN 8661:2011 vi Chit
diuln Vi|t Nam vl CMt lupng dat - Phuong phip lupng dat - Xic djnh phospho dl tilu - Phuong phip lie dinh kali ting si. Olsen.
Assessment of soil enviromnent quality changes in intensive vegetables and flower farming areas in Hanoi
Nguyen Thi Khanh, Ha Manh Thang, Do Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thanh Canh Abtfnct
Ihe paper presents the results of assessment of soil environmental quahty in some intensive vegetables and flowers fanning areas in Hanoi within the project of "Monitoring and analyzing soil environment in the North in 2018". The
^ n specializing in vegetable cultivation in Linh Nam - Hoang Mai - Hanoi and specializing in flower cultivation in I^Thu - Bac Til Liem - Hanoi is located on the Fluvisoils of the Red River; nutrient content in the soil is quite good with total N and total K^O is average, rich in humus, rich in total P^Oj and easily absorbed P^Oj. Over the years of producing vegetables and flowers at a high level of intensive cultivation, with a high seasonal frequency (4 - 5 crops of vegetable/year and 2 - 3 crops of flower/year), the content of some nutrients in the soil have been changed. In the period 2015 - 2018, the content of humus (OM) and total N decreased, while the content of ?fi^ and K^O tended to increase. In 2018, the content of OM in vegetable growing soil and flower growing soil were at an average level (1.30% and 1.14%); the content of total N was poor in vegetable growing soil (0.095%) and average in flower growing soil (0.123%); Total Pfi^ and total K^O were both rich m both soil groups ( P p , ; 0.207% and 0.223%; K^O; 2.464%
and 2.859%). The survey results showed that in the recent years, the amount of organic fertilizer appHed to the soU in the study area has decreased significandy, even when only completely applied high amount of chemical fertilizer.
The imbalance of fertilizer, the abuse of chemical fertilizers, and the absence of organic fertflizer are the main causes of the reduction of humus content in the soil leading to declining nattiral soU fertihty and affect soil structure and soil degradation.
Keywords: FluvisoUs, intensive ^ m i n g , soil quahty, vegetables, flower, Linh Nam, Tay Tiiu Ngiy n h ^ bii: 20/8/2019 NgUfti phan bi|n: TS. LI Thj Thanh Thiy Ngiy phin bi|n: 31/8/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 9/9/2019
XAY DVlMG CAC H A N H D O N G CHO KE HO4.CH THICH ONG Q u 6 c GIA V(3l BIEN D 6 I KHl H^U (NAP) TRONG LINH VlTC TRONG TRQT
THn VzB Thl*. Biii Thi Phuong Loan', Bui My Binh*
T 6 M TAT
ThMc hi|n Thia thuin Paris. Viet Nam cin phii xay dung kl hoach thuc hien ding gip do quic gia tp xic djnh (NDCs), trong d l ning nghiip co vai tri d}c bilt quan tipng vdi thich dng vdi biln dii khi hau (BBKH) vi giim phit fliii khi nhi khih. Nghien cdu niy da tiln hinh danh gia ton thUong do BDKH doi vdi 706 huyln diu|c 63 thih vii 5 ciy tring cWnh d l de xuat cac hinh d|ng cho thich ilng vdi BDKH. Kit qui nghien cdu chi ra rang 51,16%
huyfn cl mdc d | tin thuang trung btoh dii vdi trong trot; 48.84% cl mdc do ton thUOng trung btah cao (mdc 0,4 I& 0,6). Chi si tin thuang btoh quan li 0,395, vdi khoing ton thuong til 0,204 din 0,549, trong d l vimg Bic Trung B| li vimg cl mdc d | tin thilong vdi trong trot cao nhat (0.446). tilp den la vung miln nui TSy Bic (0,418), Dong bing sing Cdu Long - DBSCL (0,412). vimg Tly Nguyin (0,403), vimg Ding Nam B | (0,398), vung Nam Trung B | (0390), vimg Ding bing sing Hing - DBSH (0,363) vi vimg miln nui Ding Bic (0,351). Cic bi|n phip thich iJng gta canh tic liia cii Uln (SRI), canh tic ngi dau t l i ^ hpp (1MB), ttong budi theo VietGAP (VGP), canh tic ting kpp ci phi (ICoM) vi canh tac tong hpp sin va lac (ICP), ngoai ning cao khi nang thich dng vdi BDKH cin mang
¥ thu nhip cao hon dii chdng til 1,85 din 7,81 lin. Nghien cdu da de xuit dupc 8 hinh d|ng cMnh sich chung vi II hinh d|ng thich dng cu thl cho k l hoach thich dng quoc gia (NAP) dii vdi linh vdc tring trot.
Td khIa: Bien dii khi h|u, kl hoach thich dng. tin thuong, tring trot ' Vien Moi tnidng Ning nghiip; * Vy Hpp tic quoc tl. Bo Ning nghiep vi PTNT
TupcNOnalvc CdngnghtHdng nghiff v e: .'fciTi - SI 9r'06V20>9 LOAI VANDE
Vilt Nam li m | t trong nhflng quIc gia c6 mflc d | tin thuong cao do tic d|ng cua biln dii khi hju (BDKH). Theo dinh gii cua Ngin hing t h l gidi (Worid Bank. 2010). BDKH c l the giy tin thit den 1.5% GDP, gay ngap Ipt v4 xim lin man * cic tinh Ding bing song Cdu Long (DBSCL), cac tinh ven bien, khi ban d cac tinh Tay Nguyin (TN), Duyen hai miln Trung (DHMT) va mien nui phia Bac (MNPB) va giy nhieu k h i khan cho sin xuat nong nghiip, de dpa an nmh Idong thpc va phat triln ben viing. Nhflng nim qua, Chinh phu da chd dpng xay dung vi n6 Idc triln khai nhilu hoat d|ng chinh sich nhim dng p h i vdi BDKH trong tring trpt:
ChdOng trinh mpc tilu quIc gia dng phi vdi BDKH;
Kl hoach hinh d|ng dng phi vdi BDKH nginh ning nghiip giai doan 2016 - 2020 (Quylt dinh 819/
QD-BNN-KHCN ngiy 14/3/2016, Bp Ning nghifp vi PTNT, 2016a); De in giim phit thii KNK nginh ning nghiip din 2020 (Quylt djnh 3119/QD-BNN- KHCN ngiy 26/12/2011, B | Ning nghiip vi PTNT.
2011); Kl hoach quIc gia thpc hi|n thIa thuan Paris vl vi|c thtic hi|n cic dti kiln ding gdp do quoc gia Of quylt djnh (INDC) (Quylt dinh 2053/QD-TTg ngiy 28/10/2016, Chfah phi, 2016) vi Kl hoach nginh ve th\^c hi|n NDC nginh ning nghiip (Van bin 7028/BNN-KHCN ngiy 24/8/2016, Bp Nong nghiip vi PTNT, 2016b).
M$c dil da c l nhilu boat d|ng chinh sich ve thich dng vdi BDKH ddpc ban hinh vi thpc hi|n song vin cin nhilu tin tai, han chi nhd thilu nguin lpc thi^c hi|n, thilu dinh gii thdc tiln, chda danh gii dSy du vl ttah khi thi vl ky thu|t, lpi ich kinh t l vi khi ning nhin ring, thilu cic thing tin vl tinh liln vdng, liln nginh. Cac nghiin cdu dinh gii toan di|n vl mdc d | tin thuong, tic d|ng ciia BDKH din d c linh vpc sin xuit cua nginh theo tmh chit die thCl cda vdng sinh thii, quy m l tieu vung sinh thii c6n rit It nln chua dda ra ddpc d c giii phap mang tinh cp thl de giii quylt cic van d l then chit, dam bio ding bl, ting hpp, giii quylt ddpc tinh Uln nginh, Uln vung.
Bii vilt niy l i m | t phin trong npi dung nghiin cdu vl dinh gii tin thddng do biln doi khi hiu, xic djnh d c giii phip thich dng vi phin tich Ipi ich chi phi (CBA) cho cic liidi vpc tring trot, chin null, thuy sin, thiy lpi vi d l xuit cac giii phip va hinh ding cho kl hoach thich dng quIc gia (NAPs), hddng din mpc tilu de xuit ddpc cac hanh d|ng trong xiy d*ig kl hoach thich dng quIc gia trong linh vvic trtSng trpt
n . NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PH/U> NGHI f CU"
2.1. N | i dung ngiiiln citu
Nghiin cdu d i thpc hi|n 5 n | i dunP * ' " ' l , ? ; ^ ting quan va c|p n h | t dinh gii tin ihiiong BBltH;
sing Ipc v i xic dinh d c giii phip thich dng cic linh vflc d l tiln hinh dilu tra thpc dia: J'^" ' ™ ' " "
thip s6 Ulu vi phin tich lpi ich chi phi cic gili pnip thich dng; de xuit cic giii phip cho ke hoach thich dng cic Unh vpc vi khuyin d o cic giii phip; dinh gii d i e lap vl ky thuat vi chft IUpng cic kit qui nghiin cdu.
2.2. PhdPng p h i p nghiin cdu
2.2.1. Lifa chgn cic chi sd, thu thdp sS liiu vd ddnh gid tSn thudng
Dpa trln kit qui ting quan. m l i quan h | sinh hpc, vat 1;^ cua d c ylu t l BDKH, nang lpc thich dng, nghien cdu da ipa chpn 7 chi s i thuOc n h i m phdi nhilm gim nhi|t d | ti i cao, nhi|t d | t i t thap, chi s i han hin, Idpng mda binh quin nim, chi s i bao, s i ngiy cl nhi|t dp thip hon n ' C ) ; 10 chi s i co bin vl mdc do nhay cim gIm t i n thSt vl sin Idpng quy dii ciy tring do thiln tai, thilt h | i vl di|n tich Ida do thiln tai va thdi tilt cpc doan, t^ i | dan t | c , chi s i nghlo da chilu, di|n tich canh tic Ida, di|n tich canh tic ngi, di|n tich canh tic sin, di|n tich canh tic mla, diln tich canh tic ci phi, d i | n tich d y an qia) vi 9 ylu t l vl nang lpc thich dng gIm so trang tr?i trong trpt, gia tri tring trpt/ha, nang sua Ida, ning suit ngi, nang suat mia, nang suit sin, nang suit ci phe, sin Idpng cay an qui quy dii, t^ 1| di|n tich ip dung cinh d i n g miu Idn d l danh gii t i n thddng do tic d|ng cia BDICH dii vdi 5 ciy tring chhlh (Ida, ngi, sin, mia, c i phi, ciy an qui) v i nginh tring trpt tai 706 huyen t h u | c 63 tinh. Cic so li|u thd cip Uln quan den cic chi s i trln ddpc thu th|ip td niln giim thing kl hang nam td 2010 den 2016.
Phuong phip tinh toin chi s i t i n thdong dpa trln phuong phip truyin thong ddpc cSu thinh tfl kit qui tinh toin cic chi so vi d | phoi nhilm, mdc d l nhay d m vi khi ning thich dng c i a d c dii tdpng tring trpt, chan nudi, thu* sin v i thu*
lpi do tic ding c i a BDKH trtn ca sd chuln hoi s i hiu tinh trpng s i va mdc d | tm cay cia d c chi s i
tra^llmVt",.*"'^'"'""^^''*^^*^'^-^"
Bin d l tin thdong dupc xiy duno i,4„„ A G l S i p a t r t n c b l n g g h l p m a p t ^ " , V , t ? m l sin xuit vl diln tich d y tring 14n bin dA k Tl", s i cia tft d d c huyln t h u ^ 63 t t h frL' b ' " ^ d n u d c . " W n pham VI
Tap chi Khoa hoc Cong ng*^e \z'-g ng- ?p Viet Nam • So 9
2.2.2. Thu thdp so lieu thdi cdp
D6i vcti trong trpt, dUa tren ket qiia sing loc va dinh gia cua cac chuyen gia, nghien cilu da lUa chon 5 giii phap thich ijfng vdi BDKH de dieu tra thUc dia g6m xen canh ngo vi dau, canh tac ca phe tong hdp, h^ thong canh tac lua cai tien, xen xanh san va lac, canh tac btfdi theo VietGAP. So lieu dUdc thu thap tii dieu tra 360 h^ nong dan ngau nhien b^ng bang cau hoi ve cac giai phap thich ilng v6i BDKH trong trong trpt (gom 270 hp nong dan ling dung giai phap thich ling va 90 hp doi chiing) tai 5 tinh thupc 5 viing sinh thai (Ha Nam, Sdn La, Binh Dinh, Dac Lac va Ben Tre), dong thdi thao luan vdi 5 nhom can bp cap Sd, 8 nh6m vdi can bp dia phUdng cap xa va 8 nhom vdi nong dan ling dung giii phap thich ling.
2.2.3. Tinh todn vd phdn tich chi phi ldi ich thich dng BDKH
Nghien cdu da sii dung cac thong so dieu tra ve chi phi (gom cac chi phi co dinh, chi phi dau tU ban diu, chi phi sin xuat, chi phi xa hpi, moi trUdng), l(?i ich (lpi ich Idnh te, Idi ich moi trUdng, xa hdi) d( tinh toan cac chi tieu ve t6ng chi phi, tong doanh ihu. lai gpp, Ipi nhu^n rdng tii cic giii phap thich ling dang trien khai trong thUc tien, tinh toan, so sinh cac chi so ve lpi ich chi phi (BCR), chi phi ldi
ich (CBR), t)- suat ldi nhuan va phan tich cic \cu i6 cau thanh doanh thu, chi phi theo cac cong thiic (I) (2) va (3).
Ct = 'i+c,+i:^,c, (I)
NI = yf_^±:SL (2) (3)
Trong do: Ct Id tong chi phi, W la ddu tU ban tliiu, CO Id chi phi co dinh. Ci Id cdc chi phi sdn xudt. Bt Id tong doanh thu, Ri Id doanh thu tUng loai sdn phdm. r Id ldi sudt tien vay, t la ndm thii t vd n Id sd ndm ciia chu ky ddu tU.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Danh gia Ion thUdng do BDKH doi vdi trong trpt DUa tren tinh loan tii 28 chi sd danh gia miic dp ton thUdng doi vdi 706 huy?n thupc 63 tinh, chi so ton thUdng do BDKH trung binh doi vdi lua ta 0,337, ngo la 0,365, san la 0,375. mia li 0,344. ca phe la 0,395 va cay an qui la 0,398. Ket qui niy cho thay tat ca cac cay trdng dUpc danh gia deu cd miic dp t6n thUdng tii cap dp 2 (chi so ton thUdng tUdng dUdng 0,4), mpt so huyen co mdc dp tdn thUdng d cap dp 3 (chi sd ton thUdng den 0.6).
Bang 1. Khoing tdn thUdng va chi so ton thudng theo vimg sinh thai doi vdi trong trpt TT
1 • /
2 1
;/
11 3 '
4 1 5
1 '
7 8Vimg
Khodngton Thip nhat Trung binh Cao nhat
Lua thudng
0,182 0,337 0,475 Viing ton thuong DBSH DB TB BTB NTB DNB TN DBSCL
0,319 0,323 0,336 0,357 0.359 0,350 0,310 0.349
Ngd
0,193 0,365 0,497
0,347 0.364 0,396 0,387 0,393 0,370 0.354 0,340
Sdn
0,264 0,375 0,574
0,314 0,375 0,411 0,378 0,412 0,390 0,376 0,346
Chi so ton Mia
0,170 0.344 0,468
0,330 0,327 0,362 0,363 0,380 0,351 0,337 0,319
1 thdong Cdphe
0,226 0.395 0,570
0,395
0,454 0,392 0,396
CACl
0.225 0.398 0,527
0,382 0.386 0,409 0,421 0,426 0,405 0,384 0,390
Chung
0,225 0,398 0,527
0,382 0,386 0,409 0,421 0,426 0,405 0,384 0,390
Xep loai
-0.173 0,000 0,129
8 6 3 2 1 4 7 5
Chi so ton thuong chung doi vdi tring trot dupc tinh toin dUa tren tin thuong cua lua, ngo, sin.
mia, d phi vi ciy an qui. Kit qua tinh toan cho thay 690/706 huyen co ton thuong, trong do 51,16%
{353/690 huyln) c l mdc dp ton thdong trung binh
va 48,84% (337/690 huyen) co cip dp tin thdong trung btoh cao (den 0,6). Chi so ton thdong trung binh doi vdi tring trot la 0.395, vdi khoang tin thuang la 0,204 den 0,549, trong do vung Bic Trung Bo la ving bi tdn thUOng cao nhit (0,446); sau d l
Tap chi Khoa hoc C6''u-z-i'.
den viing mien mii lay B4c (0.418). Ddng bing sdng CCfU Long (0,412), lay Nguyen (0.403). Ddng Nam Bp (0.398), Nam Trung Bp (0.390). Dong bing sdng Hdng (0.363) va cuoi ciing la vimg mien mii Dong Bic (0.351). Ket qua tinh toin cho thiy chi so ton thddng do BDKH ddi vdi trdng trpt phu thudc nhieu vio nang iMc thich ling bdi chi so ton thUdng do phdi nhiem vdi BDKH cao nhung do nang luc thich
ling tdt (nang suit tang qua nhieu nam. '.v n" u^n ihat do thien tai cd xu hudng giam) dan den ,:-iain <.hi ••*i tdn thUdng chung trong trong trpt (Bui "'"S Loan et al, 2019a). Ket qui tinh toan na\ ^vmS '^ho thay chinh phu can co cdc hogt dpng hd trp Uu tien hon cho CIC viing BTB, TB. DBSCL va c^c tinh vimg Tay Nguyen de giam nh? miic dp ton thUdng do BDKH ddi vdi trdng trpt.
CHi 8 6 Ht^N TKJSHO MCTC O O T & H THl/CTNG NGANH TRdNG TRQT
Hinh 1. Bin do phan bd ton thUdng ddi vdi trdng trpt (dUa tren Iiia, ngd, sin. mia ca phe vi cay an qua) 3.2. Phan tich chi phi ldi ich cac giai phap thich
ling vdi BDKH
Ket qua dieu tra hd ndng dan cho thay Idi ich chi phi til cic giai phip thich ling BDKH trong trong trpt nhu sau:
- Canh tic lua cai tien (SRI) cho lpi nhuin 53,86 tri^u ddng/ha/nim (ty Ie Ipi nhuan/doanh thu li 37.45S. I<?i ich thu ve 2.35 ddng/I dong chi phi), cao hdn 16.6 - 25.1% so vdi ddi chUng (tUdng ling li 41.34%. thu tif giii phip thich Ung tUdng dUdng 1,7 ddng doanh thu/1 ddng chi phi).
- Bien phip thich Ung ngd xen dau (1MB) cho Ipi nhuin rdng li 24.89 trieu dong/ha/nam trong khi mo hmh ngd ddi chdng chi cho 14,59 tri^u ddng/
ha/nam. Ndng dan ip dung 1MB bd ra I dong chi phi CO doanh thu thu ve la 1.59 dong. ty suat Ipi nhuan tren doanh thu la 37,16% (thap h... .y ,,,, ,^^ ^^, cua doi Chung) mac di. cd thu nhip rdng cao hdn Ket qua nay cho thay ndng din gap khd khan ve dau tUse kho khan tron, tham gia rno hinh thich Ung nay do dau tu ,: i., h< n.
Tap cni KnoQ noc Cong rgre \cig nghiep Vie! Nam -Sd9\ • 10 f -^
Ndng din cd thu nhap rdng tif md hinh thich utng trdng budi theo VietGAP !a 346,95 trieu ddng/
ha/nam trong khi ddi chiing chi cd thu nhip 47,08 trieu d6ng/ha/n3m d nam thii 5. Ket qui nay cho thay md hinh VietGAP ddi vdi bUdi cho nang suat cao, dem 1^ thu nh^p cao hdn cho ndng dan va tang kha nang thich ifng vdi BDKH (vdi BCR la 2,59 lan, ty suat thu lpi nhuin Ii 61,43%, trong khi d ca md hinh doi chiing chi 1,24).
- Md hinh canh tic ci phe hdn h ^ (ICoM) tiet kiem nUdc cho loi nhuan la 57.38 tri?u dong hj trong khi ddi chUng chi cd 16,65 tri?u ddng/ha (da bao gom cdng lao dpng) d nam thu ho?ch thU 5 voi BCR lan lUdt ta 1,59 va 1,18 Md hinh xen canh sin vi dau (ICP) mang lai thu nhip rdng cho ndng din d Binh Dinh li 39,13 trieu dong/ha/nam. cao hdn so vdi ddi chiing vdi BCR la 1.78 lan trong khi md hmh ddi chUng chi 0.87 lan (Id khi dau tu dpc canh cay sin).
1 '1 t
400,00
300.00 250,00 200.00 1 SO.OO 100.00
50.00 0.00
.S3.86
H29.08
• •
So sanh l^ nhuan
• L?i nhuan Co thich ung
• Lpi nhuan Doi chung
57.38 2-t.89 14.59 • ]
Canh tac liia cai Xen canh ngo \z Canh tac ca phe X«i canh &in va Bum VielGAP -50.00 tien (SRI) dau (1MB) long htjip Ifc (iCP) (VGP)
(ICoM) Trong tipt
Hinh 2. So sanh lpi ich cac giai phap thich ling BDKH trong trong trpt Ket qui tren cho thay thu nhap rdng ciia tat ci
cac md hinh thich iing vdi BDKH trong trong trpt.
ngoii khi nang thich dng ve ky thuat vdi BDKH deu mang 1^ hieu qui kinh te cao hdn so vdi ddi chdng.
c6 Ipi ich k^p, giiip ndng din vifa cd thu nhip cao.
vifa nang khi nang thich ilng, vi cdn gdp phan giam phat thai KNK do tiet kiem dau vio, sii dung tiet ki^m nude, bio ve dat (Bui Thi Phuong Loan et al, 2019b; Tran Van The et ai, 2019).
3.3. De xuat ke hoach thich iing vdi BDKH trong tr6ng trpt
3.3.1. W chinh sdch chung
Cic CO quan Bp/Nginh can Uu tien xiy dUng cac chinh sich vi xic dinh ca che cho trien khai cac chinh sach chu yeu sau cho ke hoach thich iing vdi BDKH doi vdi trong trpt:
- Xiy dUng hudng dan ve dinh gia tdn thudng, phin tich hi?u qua chi phi Idi ich, sang Ipc vi lUa chpn cac giai phip vi long ghep thich ling cho cic ddi tupng trdng trpt, Uu tien ddi vdi trong trpt d cac vung trpng diem.
- Xay dUng bd tieu chuan, tieu chi ve dinh gii thich ling vdi BDKH trong xiy dUng cac chUdng trinh. du an thich Ung vdi BDKH. Uu tien ddi vdi trong trpt d viing bi ton thUdng cao.
- Xay dUng cic chinh sich die thii ho trp cho cic ddi tupng de bi ton thUdng, Idng ghep gidi trong trien khai cic hoat ddng thich Ung, Uu tifin cho cac vimg sinh thii khd khan, cd nguy cd tdn thUdng cao.
- Tap huan, nang cao nang lUc cho nong dan vi can bg dia phUOng ve phit trien, lUa chon va Ung dung cic giii phap thich iing vdi BDKH, Uu tien cho cac huyen cd miic do tdn thUdng cao.
- Phit trien hen ket viing trong thUc hi?n cic boat ddng thich Ung (thi trUdng, cdng ngh?, canh bao sdm, danh gii tic dpng mdi trUdng), Uu tien cho huyen ton thUdng cd ca cau trdng trpt cao.
- Doi mdi cd che chinh sach hd trp (ve dat dai, tai chinh, ky thuat) cho cac ddi tac tU nhin tham gia phit tnen cic md hinh thich Ung quy md Idn, Uu tien cho viing DBSCL, DBSH, DNB vi lay Nguyen.
'3P chi WiQo hoc Cdng nghj Ndng
- Tang CUdng boat dpng cua he thdng gian: sat, du bao thien tai. rui ro do bien ddi khi hiu doi voi cac boat dpng sin xuat. Uu tien cho DBSCL. .MN PB NTB, BTB va lay Nguven
3.3.2. Nhiing hoat ddng cu the cho ke hoach thich dng - Xiy dUng bp tieu chuan, tieu chi ve dinh gii thich iing vdi BDKH trong xay dUng cac chuong trinh, du in thich Ung vdi BDKH dUa tren cac npi dung danh gia tdn thUdng va chi phi lpi ich doi vdi cac linh vUc sin xuat
- Xiy dUng cac chinh sach dac thii ho trd cho cac ddi tupng de bi tdn thuong. ldng ghep gidi trong trien khai cic boat dpng thich ifng ddi vdi cic linh VUc, Un tien cic viing sinh thii khd khan, cd nguy cd tdn thUdng cao.
- Tap huan, nang cao nang lUc cho ndng din vi cin bp dia phuong ve phat tnen, lUa chpn vi Ung dyng cic giai phip thich Ung vdi BDKH trong cic linh vUc, Uu tien cho 20 huyen cd mUc dp tdn thUdng cao.
- Phit trien lien ket viing trong thUc hi?n cac ho?t dpng thich Ung (thj trudng, cdng ngh?, cinh bao sdm, dinh gia tic dpng mdi trUdng) doi vdi cic linh vUc, Uu tien cho huyen ton thuong cao, cd co cau trdng trpt cao.
- Ddi mdi cO che chinh sich bd trp (ve dat dai, tii chinh, ky thuat) cho cic ddi tic tu nhan tham gia phit trien cic md hinh thich Ung quy md Idn; Uu tien cho vimg DBSCL, DBSH. DNB va lay N'guvcn.
- Tang cUdng ho?t dpng cua he thdng giam sat, du bio thien tai, riii ro do bien ddi khi hau ddi vdi cac ho4t dpng sin xuat. Uu tien cho DBSCL. .\iXPB, NTB, BTB vi Tiy Nguyen.
- Nghien cUu va iing dyng khoa hpc cdng nghe, cdng ngh? cao. cd gidi hoi, tu dpng hoi va cic quy trinh canh tic tien tien. tham canh ben viing thich Ung vdi BDKH d cic viing sinh thii, Uu tien cac tinh DHNTBDHBTB,DBSH.
IV. KET LI AN VA DE NGHI 4.1. Ket luan
- Trong trdng trpt ndi chung, 690/706 huyen cd tdn thUdng vdi BDKH ddi vdi trong trpt, trong dd cd 51,16% (353/690 huyen) dUpc dinh gia cd mUc do tdn thUdng trung binh, 48,84% {337/690 huyen) cd mUc dp tdn thUdng trung binh cao (mdc 0,4 den 0,6);
chi sd tdn thuong binh quin Ii 0,395, vdi khoang tdn thUdng tii 0.204 den 0.549. trong dd vung Bic Trung Bp la viing cd mUc dp ton thUdng vdi trdng trpt cao nhat (d mUc trung binh cao, 0,446); tiep den la viing mien mii Ta\ Bic (0.418), DBSCL (0,412), vimg Tay
Nguyen (0,403), \-img Ddng Nam Bo ^"^^f- ^""*^
Nam Trung Bp (0,390). \aing DBSI1 ' '^^
mien nui Ddng Bic (0.351).
- Cac bi?n phap thich Ung gdm L. • - " • ' " ' tien (SRI), canh tic ngd diu tong hop -li*)' ""^"S budi theo VietGAP (VGP). canh tac ton;.: hpp '-"^ phe (IcoM) va canh lac tdng h(;;p sin v.i I^c (ICP) ngoii nang cao kha nang thich Ung vdi BDKH cdn mang iai thu nhap cao hdn ddi chdng tU 1,85 den 7,81 Ian.
4.2. De nghi
- Chinh phii, cac cd quan trong nUdc va cic to chUc qudc te can tiep tuc hd trp cho cac boat dOng nghien cUu, dinh gii kiem chdng mUc dd tic d^ng va ton thUdng vdi bien doi khi hiu tii thiic t^ sin xuat cic cay trdng chii lUc trong linh vUc trong trpt d cac viing cd cap dp ton thUdng cao de xay dUng cic ke hoach thich Ung phii hpp.
- Bp Ndng nghiep va PTNT xem xet sii dung ket qui tU nghien cdu nay de de xuat vdi cd quan dau moi quoc gia dUa vao trong ke hoach thich Ung qudc gia tif cac linh vUc ndng nghi?p trong viec thiic hi^n Thda thuin Paris ddi vdi cic linh vuc ciia nganh.
- Bp Nong nghiep vi PTNT chi dao vi giao nhi?m vu linh vUc trong trpt chu dpng xay diing ke hoach ke hoach thich iing vdi BDKH hang nam, 5 nam vio trong ke ho^ch phit trien chung cua nginh va xac dinh rd Ip trinh tren cd sd long ghep cac ho?t dpng thich iing trong thUc hien NDCs bang ngudn luc qudc gia den 2030 va cic chUdng trinh giam phit thii KNK, cic ke hoach phat trien nganh va cd giai phip huy dpng ngudn bd trp qudc te cho cac hoat dpng thich Ung.
LOI CAM ON
Nhdm tic gia xin chin thinh cim on DU in NAP-Ag do FAO vi Bp Ndng nghiep va PTNT, Sd Ndng nghiep va PTNT cac tinh Ha Nam, Sdn La, Bmh Dinh. Dik Lak va Ben Tre da hd trd cho nghien cUu niy.
TAlLltU THAM KHAO
QD-BNN_ KHCN ngay 14/3/2016 ve vi^c phe duy^t kg hoach hanh dpng thich flng vdi bien ddi khi hiu nginh nong nghiep, ndng thon giai doan 201 f. -y^l vi tam nhin de'n 2050 S aiaoan 2016-2020 B9N6ngnghiepvaP7M,2011.QuyadinhliiQ/r,n
BNN-KHCN ngay 26/12/2011 v / l , ' X , ' ^ ' Q ^ : in giim phit diii KNK nganh none ncV ''^- thon de'n 2020. ^ "^hiep. ndng Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNl, 2016b. Van bSn 7»-,<> ,„
KHCN ngay 24/8,2016 vl vi« "y d^j;'^^^',^^^, nganh ve thuc hiin NDC nganh n6„g n ^ , ^ ' ' " " *
^aP ^''J Khoa hoc :onp r.gng \Q-g "ghie- . ,: fjam-i59ll06)/20l9
atah phu. 2016. Quyft djnh 20S3/QD-TTg ngay and selected adaptation measures for die crop- 28/10/2016 ciia Thu tUdng Chinh phu ve viec ban sector. Final Activity Report 5 under Project, hlnh Ke hoach qudc gia thdc hien thoa thuan Paris Iyengar Sudharshan, 1982. A method of classifying ve vi?c thdc hi?n cac du kiln dong gop do quoc gia regions from multivariate data. Economic ti Pohlical nl quyft dinh (INDC). Weekly. 17 (51): 2048-2052. 18 Dec, 1982. ISSN Bui Tlli Phuong Loan, Do llianh Dinh, Nguyen Thu 0012-9976.
Thuy, Hoang Thi Ngan, Tran Van The, 2019a T " " ^ » " ^ ' . ^"1 t h i Phuong Loan, Le Thi Thanh Review and update assessment on vulnerabiUty Huyen, Cao Le Quyen, Nguyen Thanh Long, from climate change on crop production in agro- ^ ° " - ^''^'"f^ Ml vulnerability and unpads ecological zones of Vietnam. Final Activity Report ^^'^"^'f "ientify adaptation options and CBA
J / r (Qj. CTop^ bvestock. aquaculture and water resources,
! under Project. including a set of recommendations and actions Boi Thl Phuong Loan, Do Thanh Dinh, Nguyen Thu for inclusion mto the National Adaptation Plans
Thuy, Hoang Thi Ngan, Tran Van The, 2019b. (NAPs). Final Synthesis Report under Pmject.
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of Climate Change World Bank, 2010. Economics of Adaptation to Climate Adaptation Strategies on Crop Production Systems Change in Vietnam. No 70272. Washington D.C, USA.
Developing actions for national climate change adaptive plan (NAP) in crop production
Tran Van The, Bui Thi Phuong Loan, Bui My Binh Abstract
To implement Pans Agreement, Vietnam is requested to develop action plan for national determined contributions (NDCs) in which, agriculture plays important role in both climate adaptation and mitigation. The study conducted the climate change vulnerability in 706 districts of 63 provinces for 5 key crops (rice, maize, cassava, sugarcane, and coffee, fmits) to recommend actions for national adaptive plan (NAP). The result indicated that 51.16% of districts was moderate vulnerable, 48.84% of districts with vulnerable (varied from 0.4 to 0.6). The average vulnerable index was 0.395 in range of 0.204 to 0.549. The North Coastal region was the highest climate change vulnerable (0.446); then northern west mountamous region (0.418), the Mekong River Delta region (0 412), Central Highland (0.403), Southeast region (0.398), SouUi Coastal region (0.390), the Red River Delta region (0.363) and Northeast Mountainous region (0.351).
The adaptive measures compose of rice intensification (SRI), integrated maize and bean {1MB), VietGAP pomelo (VGP), integrated coffee management (ICoM) and intercropping cassava and peanut (ICP) besides the enhancing adaptive capacity brought higher net incomes to farmers by 1.85 den 7.81 times. The study recommended 8 actions of general supportive policy and 11 adaptive measures for national climate change plan (NAP) in crop production.
Keywords: Climate change, vulnerability, crop production, national adaptive plan
Ng^y nhSn bai: 20/8/2019 NgU6i phan bien: PGS. TS. Mai Van Trinh Ngjy phan bien: 30/8/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 9/9/2019
NGHIEN CtJU HI$N TRANG VA CAC HINH THlJC QUAN L^ CHAT THAI RAN T R £ N DONG RUONG V O N G TRONG LIJA DONG BANG SONG ClTU LONG
Ngo Thi Bao Minh', Le Hong Lich', TrUong Minh Cudng' TOM TAT
0 nhi^m moi trU6ng nong nghiep do qua trinh san xuat dang trd thanh van de dang quan tam d nhieu noi. Trong nghien ciiu nay, tren cd sd thu thap thong tin hien trang tai 12 diem canh tac Ida d khu vUc mien Nam nh5m danh gia diat lU(?ng moi trUdng va iing xil cua ngUdi nong dan trong viec quan ly, xijt ly rac thai tren dong ruQng. Nhin chung, cac phe phy pham va cac chat thii trong qua trinh canh tac chUa dUdc quan ly, XL( ly thdng nhat trong cac viing. cac dja phuong Hau het nong dan xil ly chat thai trong trot mang tinh chu quan, tiiy Iiic, tiiy noi nhU: dot tai cho, thu gom van chuyln di ncfi khac, cay vui trUc tiep vao dat; doi vdi chat thai vo cd (bao bi thuoe BVTV, phan bon) da c6 h? thong be thu gom, tuy nhien van con tinh trang vijft bo bila bai tren dong rupng, ao. ho.
Ti(kh6a: Moi trUdng nong nghiep, chit thai ran, xii ly, vimg trong lua
' Tnmg tam Nghien ciiu fit Quan tr5c moi trUdng nong nghiep mien Trung va Tay Nguyen. Vi?n Moi tnfdng Nong nghiep
