lAP cni CUNG r n m e
T U C H U DAI HOC:
GIAI PHAP CAI TIEN GIAO DUC VIET NAM
• BUI DLfC LINH - TA VIET ANH
TOM TAT:
Ttf chff la xu htfdng phat irien bat budc, dieu kien can thid't cho cac Irtfdng dai hpc d Viet Nam, dac biet Id trong tinb binh hidn nay. Ke ttf khi Nghi quyd't so 77/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu ban hdnh ngay 24/10/2014 ed hieu Itfc, nhffng md hinh mdu thff nghiem cua cd che' iff chu dd dat dtfdc rapt sd' ke't qua tich ctfc. Mac du da dat dtfpe nhffng ke't qua nha't dinh, nhffng vdn cdn rapt so' nhffde diem va thie'u sdt. Bang each danh gia thffc trang cd cbe Iff chu d mot sd' trtfdng dai hoc, hai vie't dl xua't mdt sd'giai phap cho cae td chtfc giao due dai hoc phdt huy tinh chu ddng vd sang tao vd cai thien bieu sud't, ndng cao kba nang canh tranh va da dang hda cac hinh thffc gido due de ddp ffng nhu cdu nhan Iffc cua dd't ntfdc.
Tuf khoa: Chat Iffdng giao due, gido due dai hpc, giai phdp, ttf chu dai hoc.
1. Tii chu dai hoc la gi?
Ttf chu dai hoe khdng phai la rapt thuat ngff mdi dd'i vdi gido due dai hpc tren the' gidi va d Viet Nam. Thudt ngff nay lan dau lien xud't hidn vdi quan niem rang cac trffdng dai hoc se phdt Iri^n td't hdn ne'u cac hpc gid cd quyln tff ehu td't hdn. Bancha'lcua Iff chii dai hpebatnguon ttf he ttf ttfdng giao due qud'c gia, tuy thudc vao nhdn thffc cua Nha nffde v l gido due, dac bidt Id giao due trong trffdng dai hpc; do do ed nhieu each hieu khac nhau ve thudt ngtf nay.
Theo Hiep hpi Cdc trtfdng dai hpc qud'c te' (lAU), ttf chu dai hoe Id mtfc dp dpc lap can thie't khdi stf can thiep tff bdn ngodi ma trffdng yeu cau do'i vdi to chffc va qudn tri npi bd, phdn phd'i ndi bp cac ngudn lai chinh va tao thu nhdp ttf cae nguon khdng cdng khai, tuyen dung ciia ddi ngu nhan vidn, thid't lap cdc dieu kidn hoc tdp va cud'i
ciing Id quyen ttf do thtfc hien giang day vi nghien ctfu [4, trang 3].
Hoac mdt cdch hieu khde: Ttf ehu dai hpc cd nghia Id radt ed chd' dong bd va phu hdp de cung cd'p cho td chtfc giao due dai hpc, mpt thtfc the phdp ly CO md'i lien he cd bpc va thd'ng nhd't ve quyIn, nghia vu, trach nhidm va Ipi ich trong viec thtfc bien nhidm vu doi vdi nghi nghiep, td chffc va nguon nhdn life, phdn bd va sff dung cac nguon Itfc... tao ddng ltfe cho phat trien bin vilng va boat ddng hieu qua cua cdsd giao due dai hpc nhara thtfc bien to't nhd't muc dieh ndng cao chS^l Itfdng giao due dai hpc, ddp ffng yeu can phat tridn eua xa hpi vd qud'c gia va hpi nhap qud'c te [2, trang 22],
Rd rang, ttf chu dai hpc Id mdt ed hdi cho cdc td chtfc gido due dai hpc de cai thien linh nang ddng vd sdng lao eua hp. Ttf ehu dai bpc la raiic
166 So 6 - T h d n g 4/2019
QUAN TR! • QUAN LV
dd dpc Idp cdn thid't khdi stf can thidp ttf hen ngodi, ma eac trtfdng thtfc hidn theo rao hinh nay yeu cau dd'i vdi td chffc va qudn tri npi bd, phdn phd'i ndi bd cac ngudn tai chinh vd tao thu nhdp ttf cac ngudn khdng cdng khai, tuye'n dung nhdn vidn, thie't Idp dilu kidn hpc tdp vd cud'i cung la ttf do tie'n hanh gidng day vd nghidn ctfu.
2. Vai tro cua ttf chu dai hpc
Trong cai tie'n giao due dai hpc, xu htfdng chung la trao quyen iff chii cho cdc Irtfdng dai hpc. Mue dieh cua chinh sdch ndy la dd cac trtfdng dai hoe sff dung td'thdn cdc ngudn Iffe cua minh, phan tfng td't hdn vdi lac dpng cua thi Irtfdng thay ddi lien tuc va eac yeu cau mdi ttf xa hdi. Cd che'ttf chff cd nghia la stf ke't hdp cua vai trd quan ly nha ntfdc va thtfc hien phu hdp cac chinh sach kinh le' thi Irtfdng trong giao due va dao lao. Ttf chu dai hpc dam bao stf phat trien nang dpng, bidu qua cua gido due vd cai thidn cha'l Itfdng cua nd trong tinb hinh kinh td' thi trtfdng bidn tai vd bdi nhdp qud'c td' d quy md ngay cang sau hdn. Vi vdy, trao quyIn ttf chii cho cac trtfdng dai hoc Id radt gidi phdp quan trong de' phat trien gido due dai hpc.
Bang cdch trao quyIn ttf ehu vd ttf chiu trdch nhiem tai ehinh cho td chtfc gido due dai hoc, nd giup cdc to chtfc gido due cai thien tinh chu dpng va sang tao trong qudn ly tdi ehinh va quan ly tai san, sff dung ngdn sdch nhd ntfdc hdp ly. Ttf chu se khuye'n khich ede td chffc gido due dai hpc ddi mdi de cd hidu sud't td't hdn va ndng cao kha nang canh tranh giffa cdc to chffc, ttf dd se da dang hda cac hoat ddng giao due. Do dd, cac chuyen gia cho rang vide ttf chu ve chinh sdch, lai chinh vd cdc ngudn ltfe khac dtfdi stf gidm sdt eua Nhd ntfdc vd vide xe'p hang cdc trtfdng dai hpc de dtfa ra ke' hoach hd trp td't hdn se tao ra mpt hinh anh mdi ve giao due dai hpc d Viet Nam, gdp phan nang cao kha ndng canh tranh va hieu qua quan ly
3. Thtfc trang ttf chu cua trtfcfng dai hpc Ttf chu dai hoe Id mdt ehinh sdch ciia Nhd ntfdc mdi dtfdc ban hanh de lang ctfdng ehinh sach xd hdi hda trong giao due. Ddy dtfpe coi la mdt trong nhffng gidi phdp quan trpng nhd't de cai thien gido due vl ed ban vd triet de theo Nghi quyd't s6'29-NQ/TW ngdy 04/11/2013.
De giam chi ngdn sdch nha ntfdc vd nang eao chd't Itfdng giao due dai hpc, Chinh phu da ban hanb Nghi quye't so' 77/NQ-CP ngay 24/10/2014 ve cai tid'n thi didm cd che' boat dpng cua cac cd sd gido due dai hpc cdng lap. Hien tai, cd 23 Irtfdng dai hpc cong lap lai Vidt Nam [11 dtfdc Thu ttfdng Chinh phu phd duydt dd thi didm rao hinh ttf chff ndy. Cdc trtfcfng dai hpc nay ed quyen ttf chu trong 4 khia canh: ke'hoaeh phdn vung va phdt trien, id chtfc hoat ddng dao lao va nghien ctfu khoa hoc, ttf chu lai chinh va Itf chu ngudn nhdn ltfe.
Vide thtfc hidn ttf chu d Vidt Nam dd dat dtfdc rapt so' ke't qua tich ctfc nhffng qud trinh ndy cung gap rapt sd'khd khan nha't dinb.
Thd nhdt, cd nhieu quy dinh khong dtfpe cap nhat de hd trd cac trtfdng dai bpc ttf chu. Nghi quye't sd' 77/NQ-CP vl ddi radi thi diem cd cbe' boat ddng cua cdc cd sd giao due dai hpc cdng Idp giai doan 2014 - 2017 cua Chinh phu chi la thi diem ndn cdc van ban phdp ly van chtfa thay ddi. Theo Idnh dao cdc trtfdng cdng Idp, do cdn thid'u stf htfdng ddn cua cO quan Nhd ntfdc ndn bdn thdn eac trtfdng dai hge khd bdi rdi trong vide xay dtfng ke' hoach chie'n Itfde va tim nhin ro rdng.
Thd hai, stf hd trd iff ngan sach nha nffde cho giao due dai hpc kha ban che' va chinh sach phan bd van d dang phan phd'i binh dang giffa cac trffdng dai hpc cdng lap vd khdng dtfa tren ke'l qua giao due. Dieu nay gdy ra Ibid'u ddng Itfc canh tranh giffa ede trtfdng dai hoc Tin tai tinh trang d mdt sd'trtfdng dai hoc, ed rd't nhilu sinh vidn nghdo, chie'ra 20 - 30%, nhan dtfdc khoan kha'u trtf hoc phi do Nha ntfdc ca'p nhtfng Nha ntfdc khdng bdi thtfdng khoan phi nay cho ede trtfdng.
Thd ba, vi ngdn sdch dtfdc hd trd la ngudn cung cd'p ehinh va no phu thudc ra't nhieu vao quy md hoac so' Itfdng sinh vidn de^n, ndn viec tdng ctfdng ngdn sach chi cd thd dtfdc thtfc hidn khi so' Itfdng smh vidn tdng ldn. Khi sd' Itfdng sinh vien tang nhanh hdn so' Itfdng giao vien va de lie't kidm kinh phi, rapt sd' trtfdng dd gdp cdc Idp hpc lara tang sd' Itfdng smh vidn trong mpt Idp, dieu ndy lara anh htfdng ldn de^n cha't Itfdng gido due.
So 6-Thong 4/2019 167
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
Thd tu, raac du vide cai thidn vd dieu chinh chinh sdch hpc phi va Id trinh tang hpc phi cua ede trffdng dai hpc trong nhffng ndm gdn ddy da dffdc thffc hien theo Nghi dinh sd'49/20I0/ND-CP ngdy 15/5/2010 cua Chinh phu trong giai doan 2010 - 2015 vd Nghi dinh so 86/20I5/ND-CP ttf nam bpc 2015 - 2016 cho dd'n nam hpc 2020 - 2021, vide thffc hidn nay van cdn nhieu han che' ve phdn loai chuyen mdn, hpc phi tha'p khdng phu bdp vdi chi lieu thtfc te' khac nhau giffa cdc cap dp va hinh thtfc giao due dai hoc.
Thd ndm, vide cap quyen ttf ehu cho cac trtfdng dai hpc d Vidt Nara trong nhtfng nam gan day chtfa dtfdc thffc hidn tridt de vd day du. Hidn nay, cac trtfdng dai hpc phdi chiu ganh nang muc tieu tuydn smh dang ky vdi Bp Giao due va Dao lao, vi vdy hp khdng the tuye'n sinh nhieu hdn muc tidu dtfpe xdc dinh trtfdc mac du hp thtfc stf cd the luyen sinh nhilu bdn. Ddy la mdt stf lang phi tdi nguydn.
Thd sdu. gidng vidn eua cae Irtfdng dai hpc nay cdn khd tre va khdng it trong so' hp khong dtfdc cap nhdt thdng tin. Nhilu ngtfdi trong sd'hp khdng CO nghidn ctfu, bdi bao dtfdc xud't ban tren cdc tap chi khoa hpc qud'c gia vd qud'c te', phan ndo do cdn gidi han trong nghi nghidp... Phtfdng phap giang day thu dpng va khdng it giang vien dang sff diing phffdng phap eu dd day cdc radn hpc va kie'n thffc radi.
Vdi xu hffdng iff chu dai hpc ngay cang tang trdn thd' gidi va thffc trang Iff chu dai hpc d Viet Nara, vd'n de cd'p thie'l Id lam the' ndo de lim ra gidi phdp htfu ich de nang cao hieu qua va stfc manh canh tranh cua cac irtfdng dai hoe d Viet Nara hien nay.
4. Giai phap
Ngay nay, ttf chu dai bpc Id dieu bat budc va la gidi phdp ehinh de giai quye't khd khdn vd phat trien gido due dai hpc tai Vidt Nara. De thtfc hien ttf chu dai hpc, ein thtfc hien cac giai phap sau:
Mot Id, tap trung vdo tuyen truyen ttf chii dai hpc vd trdch nhidm cua ede td ehtfe giao due dai hpc de eung ca'p cho mpi ngtfdi stf hieu bid't chinh xdc vd duy nha't ve ttf chu dai hoc vd trdch nhidm ciia cae id chtfc gido due dai hpc. Sau 3 nam tridn khai thi didm theo Nghi quye't sd' 77/NQ-CP va
hpc hdi ttf nhffng sai lam trong ttf chu dai hpc cua cae ntfdc phdt trien de xdy dtfng rao hinb tff chu dai hpc phu hdp vdi dieu kien Viet Nara, de xu^t cae gidi phap nhdm nang cao hieu qua qudn ly cua bdi ddng quan tri eua stf quan ly.
Hai Id, hodn thanh he thd'ng ehinh sach phap Iy vd Iff chu dai hpc, Chinh phu da ban hanh Quy chd' ttf ehu de bid'n Nghi quye't so' 77/NQ-CP thanh chinh thtfc. Cung vdi dd, chung ta ein xem xet, dieu chinh vd bd sung Ludt Gido due va Lutit Gido due Dai hoc va cacludt khac nhtf: Ludt Dau ttf cdng, Ludt Ngdn sdch Nha ntfdc, Ludt Cdn bO, Ludt Lao ddng, Ludt Quan ly tdi san cdng, Ludt Khoa hoc va cdng nghe... vd cdc vdn ban phap ly lien quan khac de dam bao tinb ddng nhd't va lao dieu kien td't de thtfc hidn thanh cdng quyIn ttf chff dai bpc trong cac id chtfc giao due dai hpc, Ba Id, ttf chu ve td chtfc vd cd chd' dd tang ctfdng cac boat ddng ttf ehu trong ddo tao, td chtfc va cd cbe' cua cdc cd sd giao due phai lien luc hodn thidn. Cdc bd phdn chtfc nang va cdc bp phan cua cac td chffc gido due phai dffdc sap xep phu hdp. Ngodi ra, phai cd chinh sach hdp tac giffa cac dPn vi dd trdnh dff thffa vd chung ta nen lien tue dilu ehinh nd theo tinh hinh thffc td'. Moi cP sd gido due dai hpc phai xdy dtfng eac chid'n Itfdc phdt tridn phu bdp vdi tam nhin cua minh va cdc xu htfdng mdi de phuc vu td't nhd't cac hoat ddng khac nhau d cae quy md khde nhau.
Rd soat va hodn thien cac tidu chud'n chd'l Itfdng quy dinh (tieu chua'n dai hoc, lieu chuan chtfdng trinh ddo tao, tieu chua'n ltfa chon mdn hpc, lieu chuin xac dinh tuyen dung, tieu chu^n giao vien, tidu chuan cd sd...), cae quy dinh minh bach vl thdng tin vd dieu kidn de dam bao chd't Itfdng vd KPIbaogdm: chd't Itfdng dao tao (cdng khai cac chtfdng trinh dao tao da dtfdc phd duyet;
cdng khai eac tidu chud'n; sd' Itfdng sinh vien tdt nghiep); chd't Itfdng nghien ctfu khoa hpc (sd Itfdng nghidn ctfu idioa hpc ed thd dp diang trong thtfc Id', sd' bai bao dtfdc ddng tren bdo khoa hoc ndi tid'ng d Viet Nara va qud'c td'); chinh sach tuyen dung vd sff dung giao vidn, cdn bd; chinh sdch lien quan de'n ngtfdi hpc,.. de cac cd quan CO tha'ra quyen cd the quan ly va xa hdi va ngtfcfi hoc ed the giam sal cha'l Itfpng dao tao.
168 So 6-Thdng 4/2019
QUAN THI-QUAN IV
Bdn Id, can hodn thien Hdi dong trffdng, phdn cdng chffc ndng va trdch nhidra cua Hpi ddng trffdng de hp cd quyIn han thffc te' vd ed the quan ly cdc trffdng dai hpc radt cdch hidu qua; xay dtfng quy che' hoat dpng ciia Hpi ddng trtfdng, trong do cd ed chd' phoi bdp gitfa Hpi ddng trtfdng - Dang uy, Hdi ddng trtfdng - Ban gidm hidu nham dam bao phd'i hdp hdi hda de thtfc hidn td't nhiem vu quan tri dai hoc.
Ndm la, lang ctfdng ddnh gid cha'l Itfdng cua cdc id chtfc giao due dai hpc cung la mpt btfdc quan trpng cdn thffc hidn. Danh gid chd't Iffdng nen dtfdc thtfc hidn trong he thd'ng gido due dai hoc, ddc bidt la khuye'n khich cac td chffc dd tham gia ddnh gid tai dia phffdng va qud'c le'; trffdc he't la tang effdng danh gia chd't Itfdng dd'i vdi cdc ed sd thude quan 1^' ci'ia Bd Giao due vd Ddo tao vd cdc to chtfc thtfc hidn thi diem theo Nghi quye't sd'77/NQ-CP; phdn loai va cdng bo'ke't qua danh gid; tdng tinh minh bach ciia thong tin vd dilu kidn dd dam bdo cha't Iffdng gido due dai hpc de xa hdi va ngtfdi bpc cd the theo ddi va ltfa chpn.
Sdu Id, can dtfa vdo ngdn sach nha ntfdc cho dd'n ndra 2020 cho cae td ehtfe gido due dai hoc dd ho cd the chud'n bi cdc dieu kidn de ttf chu vd xdy dtfng cd che' cung tfng: trtfdc lien, chung la can xem xet vd dilu ehinh danh sach dau ttf trung va dai han d quy md qud'c gia vd cd sd gido due dai hpc trong ngdn sdch nha ntfdc vd cac ngudn
ltfe phat trien xa hdi hda dd tao dieu kidn dam bao chd't Itfdng va ndng eao ndng ltfe cho cdc cd sd gido due dai hpc thtfc hidn thdnh cdng cdc chinh sdch ve giao due dai hpc; Hd trp cbi lieu cho ede td chtfc giao due dai hpc cong lap de lao dilu kidn dam bao chd't Itfpng va lai chinh cho dd'n ndra 2020 de thtfc hien ke' hoach ttf chii;
Chinh phu can bd trp lien thdng qua viec dat hdng cac ke'l qua dao tao, nghien ctfu khoa hpc, dau ttf quan trpng cho mpt so' irtfdng vd cdc chuydn ngdnh de dap tfng cdc tidu chuan khu vtfc vd qud'c td'; td't ed cdc trtfdng trong he thd'ng giao due dai hpc deu binh dang ve dieu kien va cd hpi tid'p can ngudn Itfc.
5. Kd't Iu$n
Vdi rauc dich eung ca'p lao dpng cha't Itfdng cao va nang dpng trong bd'i canh hpi nhdp qud'c te', gido due dai hpc Viet Nam phdi thay doi vd edi tid'n khdng ngffng de tang ctfdng phat trien kmh te' - xd hpi. Vi vay, viec trao quyIn ttf ehu cho eac td chffc giao diic dai hoc Id chia khda quan trpng dd cdi thidn gido due nham ndng cao chd't Itfdng ddo tao, dam bao quy mo phu hdp cho nhu cau xa hdi. Trao quyIn ttf chu cho ede to chtfc giao due dai hpc khdng ed nghia la Nha ntfdc se dtfng ngodi cudc. Nhd ntfdc can de'p tuc bd trd thdng qua cdng cu danh gia chd't Itfdng vd gidm sal viec thtfc hien eac quy dinh phdp ly trong cdc irtfdng dai hoe •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Dong The Hien (2017): Thay doi trong cache gido due dgi hoc cdng lap ndm 2015 - 2017: Ket qud vd de xudt chinh sdch, Tgp chi Tdi chinh http://tapchitaichinh.vn/nghien-cuu-trao-doi/trao-doi-binh-luan/doi-moi-co-che-tu- chu-giao-duc-dai-hoc-cong'lap-giai-doan-20152017-ket-qua-va-kien-nghi-chinh-sach-130355.html
2. Hiep hoi cdc trudng dgi hoc va cao dang Viet Nam (2017), Tu chu dgi hoc: Co hoi vd thdch thdc. Nhd xudt bdn Thong tin vd Truyen thong, trang 22.
3. Hodng Thi Cam Huang (2017), Gidi phdp ndng cao tU chu dgi hoc tgi Viet Nam, Tgp chi Tdi chinh, .so 652, trang 74-76.
4. Dai hoc Kinhte TP. Ho Chi Minh (2017), Hoi thdo Hodn thien Chinh sdch vd Quy dinh phdp ly ve Tu chu dgi hoc, Nha xudt bdn Kinhte Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh, trang 3.
5. http://www.moet.gov.vn
So 6-Thdng 4/2019 169
TAP CHi CONG THlftfNB
Ngay nhan bai: 12/3/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va sufa chfla: 22/3/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 1/4/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
1. ThS. BUI DlTC LINH
Pho Trtfdng phong Hanh chinh - To chtfc
Trtfcfng Dai hoc Kinh te va Quan tri kinh doanh, D£ii hpc Thai Nguydn 2. TA VIET ANH
Trtfofng Dgi hoc Kinh te' va Quan tri kinh doanh, Dgi hpc Thai Nguydn
UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY:
A SOLUTION FOR VIETNAM'S EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
• MA. BUI DUC LINH
Deputy Head of Department of Administration a n d Personnel Affairs University of Economics a n d Business Adminstration,
Thai Nguyen University
• TA VIET ANH
University of Economics and Business Adminstration, Thai Nguyen University
ABSTRACT:
Autonomy is an inevitable development trend, a necessary development condition for universities in Vietnam, especially in the context of current situation. Since the Government's Resolution No. 77/NQ-CP dated October 24, 2014 took effect, tests of autonomy mechanism have yield some positive outcomes. However, there are still some drawbacks realted lo the implementation of autonomy mechanism into univerisities. This article is to evaluate the actual situation of autonomy mechanism in some universities, thereby proposing some solutions for higher education institutions to ulitize their activeness and creativity, improve their performance, enchance their competitiveness and diversify their education models in order to meet the country's human resources demand.
Keywords: Education quahty, higher education, solution, university autonomy.
170 So 6 - T h d n g 4/2019
