NGON N G f & B(n S 6 N G Sl 6 (248)-2016
VAN HOA iTNG Xt TRONG GIA DINH CUA CQNG DONG NGI/CH VIET
VA CONG DONG NGlTOfl ANH QUA TUC NGU"
CULTURAL BEHAVIOR OF VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH FAMILIES IN PROVERBS
V O T H I BJJNG (TS; D?i hpc Qudng Bmh) L D ^ t v i t t d e
Trong kho tang van hgc dan gian, tyc ngG Id mdt bd phgn phdn dnh khd da dgng, nhieu chidu v l kinh nghifm ciia cupe sing, the hifn gid tri van hod dac sic ctia mSi dan tgc. Thdng qua tyc ngG, nhGng tinh hoa tri tuf cua ngudi xua dupe chit lgc vd Ian truydn du cd nhilu tiidch thiic vd thdng trim. Wi le do, nhiing gid tri i n chGa trong tuc ngG dupe nhilu r^iudi tdm ddc, chiem nghi&n vd c h ^ n h ^ nhu Id chan li.
M ^ dd dd cd khdng ft nhihig cdng trinh nghien cGu vd Gng xG trong gja dhih ndi chung, nhung Gng xG trong gia dinh d tyc ngG tieng Vift vd tiing Anh van cdn cd nhidu van dd phai ban luan them bdi nd chuyen tdi tinh cam, thdi do, kinh nghifm xG thi eiia ngudi ndi dii vdi nfi dung thdng ^ f p vd dii vdi ngudi nghe thdng qua phuong tien i^dn ngG dan gian, thi hifn dac trung rieng ciia loai hinh ngdn ngG vd bdn sic ridng, net van hda ciia mdi cfng dans.
Bdi vilt tdp trung trinh bay nhGng khdo sdt, ddi chieu van hda Gng xG trong gia dinh Ihl hifn d tyc ngG tieng Vift vd tieng Anh, tG d6 ndu nhiing tuong ding vd Jdidc bift quan trpng trong Gng xG gia dinh etia hai ddn tdc.
2. V ^ d l Gng xu* trong quan h^ gia dinh cua cfng dong ngirdi Vift vd cfng d i n g ngiroi Anh
Gia dinh la te bao cua xd hdi, cd vi tri quan trpng trong ddi sdng cua m§i cd nhdn. Gia ^ n h dugc xem Id td am, la spi ddy kit nii tinh ydu thuong giiia cdc thanh vidn. Day eiing Id noi nudi dudng, gjao due vd r o i luyfn nh&i each, phdt trien tri ttif eiia moi cd nhdn dk trd thdnh edng ddn ed ich cho ira hpi.
Cau tnic gia dinh cua cfng ddng n^udi Viet xua ndi chung khd phtic tap, gdm nhieu thi hf sing chung dudi mft mdi iJid vdi cdc mli quan hf dan xen giiia cde ihanh vidn vd khdc hdn voi gia d n h cua eOng ddng ngudi Anh: dan dng lam chii, quylt dinh mpi vifc quan trpng trong gia dnh. Theo quan nifrn ctia cdng ddng ngu6i Viet xua, phy nG phdi sdng theo dao tam tong (tdng phy, tdng phu, tong tG), ddng thdi phai rdn luyfn tG diic (cdng, dung, ngdn hanh). Giao tilp Gng xG cho mgi thanh vidn trong gia dnh vi vgy theo nguydn t i c cd tten cd dudi. Ciu trdc vd khdi nifm ve gja d n h ciia cfng ddng ngii6i Anh xua khdng phGc tap nhu gja d n h ctia cfng
^ n g ngudi Vift Gia d n h ciia cdng doi^
ngudi Anh phin ldn Id gia d n h hgt nhdn gdm cha mp, con cdi vd mdi quan hf giiia mpi didnh vien trong gja d n h bhih ddng vd ^ n trpng Ian nhau.
2.1. Ung xd-vgt-ching
Theo quan nifm ehung, quan hf vp - ching trong ^ a d n h la quan hf ngang fadi^, binh ding, gin bd sau sic trdn nhilu f nghia. Vi vay Gng xG trong m l i quan hf ndy ehd yeu dya tren tinh ydu vd sy hoa tiiugn, tdn trpng lan nhati, tgo nen sGc mgnh gia d n h . Dilu ndy dupe die hifn Iron^ tyc ngG timg Vift, nhu: Thudn vg thudn ehdng tdt biin Dong cimg cgn; Nmt su thugn, vgn su lanh; Dgo chdng nghia vg; Toi td xit cong va chong xet nhon nghia; Gdi c6 cdng chdng chdng phu; Chong khdn vp" ditgc di hdi, v(r A/ion chong dir^ nhiiu bdi cgy trong. C6 thd ndi, nhd cd moi quan hf ndy ma nhilu m l i quan hf khdc dupe hlnh tiidiih v^
phdt trieiL XSng xG trong quan hf vp chdng eda
S6 6 (248)-2016 N G 6 N NGU" & D6fi S 6 N G 13
cfng dong ngudi Vift chu ylu dya tten tinh ydu vd sy hda thu$n nhung cung cd khi bit diu tii tinh hodc nghia Tuy nhien dG tinh hay^ nghia, neu da Id vp chong, cho dG "Vg ching khi nong khi nhgf\ cfng dong ngudi Vift till hif n sy gan bd qua vifc Gng xG nhudng nhin iSn nhau de tao khdng khf dm im hda thuan trong gja dnh. Vf dy: Chdng gian thi vgt phdi lui, chong gign vgr gign thi did no qudng; Chdng gidn thi va ldm Idnh; ChSng hod vg thudn gja dudng yen vui;^ Vg chong chd cdi nhau hodi, sao cho trong dm thi ngodi mdi im; Vg chdng la nghTa trd ddi, ai ai chd nghT nhitng ldi thi ft han.
Mdt khac, tyc ngu tiing Vift ca ngm sy gin bd vp chdng vdi nhihig hinh dnh mfc mgc mang tinh bieu tnmg cao "Gign thi mdng, lgng thi thuang'\ "V(r chdng Id nghta da vang trdm ndm" tG do tgo ndn Gng xG "Ddn cdy ai nd did choi, dgo chdng nghta vg gidn roi lgi thucmg'\
"Dgo vg nghta cliong dgo chdng nghta v(/' hay "Vg chdng song giri thit chit gui xtrang".
Do bilt tilt chl, nhudng nlun lan nhau trong gja dnh ndn "ChSng gign thi vg bdt ldC\ khi cd bit hda thi cdch xG the phu hpp nhit Id "Tgi anh tgi a, tgi cd hai bin". Ddy Id 16 thudng bdi cdng i^ng ngudi Viet xua quan nifm nhin Id bf quylt tao nen su trpn vpn dgo nghia vp chong trong gia dnh, dong thdi md rpng cdnh cGa yeu thuang de giG gjn hgnh phuc, ciing nhau chdm sdc, gido dye eon edi. Song do dnh hudng tu tudng lac hdu ctia ehl dO phong kien va Nho gjdo, ting xG trong quan hf vp - chong ctia cfng ddng ngudi Vift cd khi chi Id quan hf phy thuOc vd dupe the hidn rd net qua cdc cdu tyc ngu "Thi^in mgnh vi ldi, gdi mgnh vi ehong" hay "Thuyen theo ldi, gdi theo chdng". Chfnh deu nay tgo ndn moi quan hf Gng xG khdng bhih ding trong giao tilp
"Muon noi khdng, ldm chdng md n6f\ "Cha mg noi oan, quan noi hiip, chdng co nghifp noi thira". Ddnh gid vl ngudi vp, ngodi nhihig cdu ea ngpi kilu nhu "Gidu vl bgn, sang vi vgi"
cdn cd nhilu cdu tyc ngQ mang tinh chit phd phdn nhu "Mgt la va, hai Id ng^\ "Con la ngf.
VQ Id oan gia", "Co din v<r vp- chdng chdng khong tien clidng ddng VQ dodt\ "Chdng noi mdt, vQn6innedi'\
Vdi eOng dong ngudi Anh, Gng xG vp chong khdi^ dupe xem Id dgo nghia nhu quan nifm cua cfng dong ngudi Vift Dd Id moi quan hf Gng xG chu tiipng ve tinh cdm vd g&i tidch nhifm vdi nhau ciing chdm sdc con cdi trong gia dnh hgt nhdn, kieu: A house divided against itself ccmnot stand (Thu|n vp thuan chdng, tdt bien Ddng ciing can. td); A good wife is a ^od prte (Gdi ngoan ldm quan cho chong. td); A good husband makes a good wife (Trai khdn vi vp, gdi ngoan vi ching. td); As the husband is, the wife is (Chdng sao, vo vdy. td); Rich man is by his friend, gentle man is by his wife (Gidu \^
ban, sang \ i vp. td),.. .Vd vp chdng cpng ding ngudi Anh nhudng nhin lan nhau dl gjG hda khi trong gja dnh, kilu: "It takes two to make a quarrer (Tai anh, tgi d, tai cd ddi bdn. td),
"Lovers' quarrel are soon mended^ (Gian thi ming, l^g thi thuang. td); Battles cost both sides blows (Tgi anh, tgi d, tgi cd ddi bdn. td),...
Moi ddn tpc cd mft quan nifm khde nhau ve till gjdi sy vat, tgo ndn bdc tranh todn cdnh eho sy chuyin hoa gin bd khdng kbit giua con ngudi vdi sy v^. Song, lay sy vat lam ngudn quy chilu den con ngudi Id loi tu duy rat pho bien cua nhan logi ndi chung vd ctia cOng doi^
ngudi Vift vd ngudi Anh ndi ridi^. Vdi tuc n ^ tieng Vift, cam vd canh, chdn vd chieu, bien ddng, ddu gdi, tay d^,..\k nhGng hinh dnh thudng thiy diing bilu trung cho triet If trong Gng xG vp ching the hifn ddi song tinh tiiin phong phu vdi nhGng sac mdu dpc dao trong isn% xG eiiavp chong ngudi Vift Troi^ khi tyc ngG tiing Anh sG dyng chit Ufu house, home, hanrmriy, sea..Hku tnmg cho triet If Gng xG vp ching hda thu$n s5 thanh cdng ttong cupe sing
"Couples living in harmony have strength to displace the Eastern 5tea" (Thuan vp thu^
chong, tdt biln Ddng ciing cgn. td). So sdnh cdch ndi ndy trong tye ngG tiing Vift eho thiy, cgng ^ n g ngudi Vift thi hifn tu tudng bing hinh dnh suih ^ n g tG sy quan sdt, lien tudng
N G O N N G t r & BQfl S 6 N G S6 6 (248)-2016
cdc sy vat hifn tupng gin giii trong cudc sdng ddi thudng dung di, tiianh binh ciia ngudi A Ddng. Cdn cdch thi hifn cua tyc ngG tiing Anh phdn dnh tu duy logic, chinh xdc. Co le cai dien dgt ldgic, npdn ggn i y trong din sing tam hdn ctia cpng ddng i^irdi Anh vdn cd cdn ngitydn tG mdi trudng song du myc, da cho hp mft edch sing, each suy nghl, cdch ung xG lgc quan, df ddm, cdi md t h i i ^ tiiin. Nhu vdy, cting bidu trung ve trilt ti v l iing xu vp chdng, tyc ngG moi dan tpc thi hifn moi khdc.
Z2. Ung xir cha ttif-con cdi-anh chf em 2.2.1. Ung xir cha me-con cm Nhu trinh bdy d tren, neu quan hf vp - ching Id quan hf ngang hang, bmh ddng thi quan hf cha m? - con cai Id quan he sinh thanh, IhG b§e c6 tinh trye he vd huydt tgc theo kieu
"Phg tie dnh thdm" [4; 157]. Xet ve gdc do vdn hda gia dnh, cha mp Id try eft. Id cho dira vGng chde vd cd trdeh nhifm cham lo, nudi dudng con cdi khdn ldn. The nen, cha me cd dnh hudng rit ldn den sy hinh thanh nhdn edch ctia con cdi: "Cmf xanh thi Id cung xanh, eha mf hiin lanh de due cho con", "Con ai eha mf nqv", "Ddi cha dn man, ddi con khdt tmdc".
Cha m? khdng ehi ehe ehd, bdo vf con cdi md cdn Id tim guong man myc ve dao dGc vd ldi song cho con cdi noi theo.
Trong xd hgi ngudi Vift Nam xua, ngodi vai trd quan trgng trong vifc duy tri ndi gilng, ngudi cha cdn cd trdeh nhi^tn bao vf cdc thanh vidn trong gia dmh dong thdi gido dye con cdi thdnh ngudi. Nhieu cdu tyc ngG tiing Vift thi hifn van de nay vdi nhihig hinh dnh bieu tmng
"nhd khong ndc", "ndng ngc diet du6f\... khi noi din eon cdi trong gia dinh thilu ving ngudi cha. Vi dy: Con khong cha nhu nhd khong noe;
Thugn mdt cha cd nhd cimg thudn; Mf dtmh mdt trdm, Ididng bdng cha ngan tngt tiing;
Con cd cha nhu nhd co ndc, con khong cha nhu nong ngc ddt duoi. Tuy vdy, diic tham l^ing hi sinh ctia ngudi m^ cho nhiing dtia con yeu quy ciing dupe nhic nhd nhidu trong t ^ ngu ti&ig Vift, kieu: Ben cha cUng kinh, bin me cOng rdi;
Cong cha nglna mg; Cha sinh chdng toy mf
dudng; Con co mg nhu thien h^ c6 vua; Con co mf nhu mdng ^ bf; Con dgi cdi mang; Con nhd ddc mg; Mf con mgt ldn da den rugt. Cha mp chfnh la ngudi nudi duong, nang niu, lo ling cho con edi "cd chuoi ddm duoi vi con". Vi vdy, mit cha m i t mp Id d i u bit hgnh ldn cho con cdi nhu Khong cha khdng mf nhu ddn dut day; Md cdi cha con khd, mo cdi mf I6t Id md ndm. Ngodi ra, cdng Iao nudi dudng con c ^ cOa cha me dupe till hifn: Cha mf gidu con cd, cha mf khd con khdng; Cha mf trong di thi con dgi, cha mf trong lgi tht con khdn; Mf dgy thi eon kMo, bi dq^ thi con khon Vd con cdi chfnh Id phien bdn cua cha mp: Con nhd tong chdr^
gidng long cOng gidng cdnh; Noi ndo, giing ndy; Gid nhd ai quai nhd dy.
Gilng nhu cfng ding ngudi Vift, quan h$
Gng xG giGa cha m^ vd con cdi d tyc ngG ciia cOng ddng i^ydi Anh thi hifn sy ydu thuong, vai trd gido dye ciing nhu dnh hudng ciia cha mp d i i vdi con cdi, Cpng dong ngudi Anh quan nifm con cdi se giong bo mp vk ndi gjlng ciing nhu tam tinh. The hifn d e u ndy, tyc ngG tieng Anh thudng d e n dgt mpt cdch cy thi, rd rdng vd trye tiep hon, cy the: It is a wise child that knows its own father (Con ai cha m? iy. td);
Blood will tell (Ndi ndo, gilng niy. td); Lih father, like son (Cha ndo, con niy. td); A child may have too much of his mother's blessing (Cd chudi dim duoi vi c o a td); A father less childis like a bee without hive (Con khdng cha nhu nM khdng ndc. td); A miserly father makes a prodigal son (Ddi eha vo trdn, ddi eon bdp b ^ . td). Cd till ndi, nhd sy kit hpp hdi hda trong Gng xu hing ngdy gjGa eha mp vd eon cdi d3 tgo cho pa d n h cd mft nip sing quy cd vd hgnh phiic.
2.2.2. Thdi dd dng xie giGa cha mf - con cM Doi vdi ede b|k; sinh tiidnh, con cdi la tdi sdn quy. Id sy gin bd yen thuong gjiia tinh vp chdng, k l tiiua ndi gilng t l tidn. Vi vgy, cfng d d i ^ ngudi Vift vd cOng ding ngudi Anh quan nifm con edi dem lai nilm vui vd hgnh phiic trong cufc song. Vi dy: Gidu con bdng rmedi gidu ciia; Mgt mdt con bdng mudi mdt ciki;
SU^48)-2016 NGON NGC* & Bin S 6 N G 15
Rdtn nguoi han rgm ciia; N^ai la vong, cua Id ngdi; Co vdng vdng chdng hay pho, cd con, con noi trdm trd mf nghe. Hoac: Every mother thinks her own gosling is a swan (Con minh con ti&i, con ngudi con eu. td); Good children bring glory to their parents (Con ngoan lam sang cha mg. td); Happy is he that is happy in his children (Con khdn, nd m^ cha mp. td).
Vdi cOng ddng ngudi Viet, vp chdng lay nhau ludn mong udc sinh dupe con khde mgnh, khdn ngoan bdi IS "Con cdi khdn ngoan ve vtrng cha me", "Con Idiong nd mat cha mf ",...dac bift Id sinh con trai "Thu nhdt de con trai, thii: hai do ong nghe" bing khdng thi i^udi ddi dem pha, mia mai: C ^ kho khong Ige, nguoi dgc khong con; Cd chdng md ehdng CO eon, khde ndo hoa nd tren non mgt mitih. Cd mpt deu tiiu vi Id ed tiie ngG tieng Vift vd tye ngG tidng Anh deu chua dyng tri thGc nudi day eon cai the hidn qua nhihig Mnh dnh so sdnh mfc mgc, mang d ^ phong cdch ngdn ngu - vdn hda dOe ddo nhu "dgy con-con tha", "yiu •- cho roi vgt; ghet - cho nggt bid"; "thuang - bdng roi; ddi - bdng cam"; "learn - young";
"learm -fair ", ...md chi cd Irong tyc r ^ vd cac the logi vdn hpc ddn gjan mdi cd. Vi dy: "Dc^
con tit thud eon tha, day vg tu thud ba va mdi ve", "Yiu cho roi vgt, ghet cho nggt cho biii",
"Thuang con bdng roi con ddi thi thrang con bang cam", "USn cdy tie thud con non, d^ con tic thud con cdn ngdy the/* hay "Learn young, learn fair" (Tre non de uon. td),... Ngodi ra, d tyc ngG tieng Vift cdn phe phdn, nhic nhd nhiing dng bl bd me Io Id trach nhifm gido dye con edi nhu: "Nudi con chdng di^ chdng rdn, tM rdng nudi Igm md dn ldy ldn^\ "Con hu bdi tgi cha dong v(7 hu bai tgi thdng chdng ed nghe" hay "C6 eon khdng dt^, di v^ md nudf\...
2.2.3. ifngxu cita con edi ddi vai cha mf Vdi truydn thong vdn hda Vift Nam, dao hiiu dupe xem nhu mpt chuin myc dl ddnh gid nhdn cdch, phim chit dgo due eda mpt con
ngudi. Dao hieu dupe cOng ddng ngudi Vift xua quan nifm. Id bon ph|in cua con cdi thd hifn tinh ydu thuong, sy tdn kfnh vd phyng dudng cha mp. llnh cdm ndy xuit phdt tG Idng biet on cua con cdi trudc nhihig cdng lao to ldn cua cha mp: "Cdng cha nghta mf", "Chim trdi ai di dim long, nuoi con mdi biit cdng lao mdu tv^\ "Co nuoi cdn moi biit ldng cha mf",.,.Bay cung la ndt dpp Gng xG vdn hda tiiiyln tiling cua gia dnh cOr^ dong ngudi Vift xua diing dk gido dye, rdn day eon chdu. Cd till tiiiy, nhilu edu tyc ngG tiing Vift ^ cao thih thuong, Idng hiiu thdo ctia con cdi doi vdi cha me, ey thi:
Tre cgy cha, gid cgy con; Bi thi nhd mf nhd cha ldn len nhd vg, luc gid nhd con; Nhdt mf, nhi cha, thic ba bd ngogi; Con chdng chi eha mf khd, chd chdng che ehu ngheo; Mg gid nhu chudi chin edy; Ki cha lo ba thdng ki mg lo rgng ng^, kf ong ngi di cdy vi lo. Tye ngG tieng Vift cung khdng quen phd phan nhiing hifn tupng con cdi bit hiiu dupe lim truyln:
Mf nudi con bien ho lal ldng con nuoi mg Ae thdng ki ngdy; Mdt mf nudi dugc muoi con, mudi con khdng nudi noi mgt me; Cd khdng dn mudi cd uan, con edi cha mf trdm dudng con hu.
Khdc vdi gja dnh cfng ddng ngudi Vift, con cdi trong gia dnh cfng ddng ngudi Anh hiu nhu khdng cd quan nifm ve dgo hieu doi vdi cha mp. Cd le vi thd, trong s6 cdc cG Ufu tyc ngG dupe suu tim vd khdo sdt, chiing tdi tim tiiiy chi cd mft edu de cap den van de ndy
"He that has no children knows not what love is" (Cd nudi con mdi bidt ldng cha mp. td).
2.2.4. Ung xic anh chi em
Quan hf anh chi em trong gia dnh cpng
^ n g ngudi Vift dupe coi bing vai. Id moi quan hf cung huyet tiling, gin giii vd tinh nghia, thd hifn sy diim bpc Ian nhau Cy the: Anh em nhu toy chdn; Anhem h0_mdu se_ddi;i£m khon cGng la em chf, ehf dgi ciing Id chi sm; Ldm anh, dn trudc buac ddu, ve vdi em dt ngo hdu thay cha Do cd mli quan hf gdn bd, than tinh
16 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG S6 6 (248)-2016
ndn dd cd^b^ hda hay mdji fliuin, ung xG giQa anh chi .em trong gja dinh^cua r ^ d i Vift Nam ludn dtlunJbgc vd ciing khdngfim h g i n h ^ Vi dy: Anh em chem nhau ddng dgng idiong chim nhau ddng lu&i; Khdn ngoan dd d^ nguai ngodi, gd cimg mgt mf chd hodi dd nhau; Khon ngoan dd d^ ngudi trong gd cimg mgt mf chi chong nhau choi. Khong nhiing the, tyc ngG tiing Vift d l cao sy thuong ydu vd nhudng nhin nhu: Anh em thugn hoa la nhd co phdc;
Anh em trin thudn dudi hoa, hg limg dfp mdt, mf cha vui long;_Anh em trong nhd, dong cua bdo nhau; CM7ngd emyn^^;-Ldm anh lean a phdi ngd mat lin; Ldm chi phdi lanh, ldm anh phdi Idid. Ben cgnh dd, tinh edm ehi em gdi dupe the hidn sau sic trong tyc ngQ tieng Vift:
"Chf em gdi nhu cd nhdn sdm cd phuc mgi dudng yen vuf; "Cdt ddy bdu ddy bi, kiidng ai cdt day chi day em". Song tyc ngG tiing Vift van c h ^ nhan phong tye trayin thong: "Anh em trai a vdi nhau mdn <&/, cI^ em gdi a v&i nhcm mgt thdf'.
Tren cu Ueu khdo sdt cho thiy, nhieu cdu tyc ngG tiing Vift thi hifn tuong phdn khi ciing phdn dnh vd Gng xG anh chi em nhdm phd phdn thdi vd dao diic, tham Iam, trai vdi nip sdng quy cu ctia gja dnh. Bdn cgnh nhGng cau: "Anh em hgt mdu se ddV, "Anh em nhu tcry chdn",
"Chi em ddu nhu bdu num: Id, chi em gdi nine cdi nhdn sdm", "Ldm anh ldm a phdi ngd mgt /e«",...lgi cd nhihig can "Anh em ggo, dgo nghta tiin", "Anh em hiin thgt la hiin, bdi mgt ding tien nen mdt ldng nhau", "Chf em ndm nem ba ddn^\ "Gidu ldm chf, kho lyiy ldm em",
"Con chi cong con em, con em len con cA/",
"Nguai dung cd ngdi thi ddi ngudi dung anh em v6 ngdi thi dimg anh em", "Ngodi anh em, trong cd fcac",...Ngoai ra, tye ngQ tiing Vift cdn d l cdp den moi quan hf bit hda gjGa chi em ddu, anh em re, tiie hifn vifc nhin nhgn, quan sdt tinh t l sic sdo, diy tfnh triet U nhdn vdn ctia ngudi xua v l moi quan hf ndy, kieu:
Chi em ddu nhu bdu nudc Id; Chi em ddu d
Idu mdi biit; Ddnh nhau va ddu let anh em ri;
Yeu nhau chf em gdi, rdi nhau chi em ddu, ddnh nhcm v&ddu Id anh em ri.
Ung xG trong quan hf anh chi em ciia cdng dong ngudi Anh dugc phdn dnh trong tye ngii vdi edch nhin trye d f n , mOc mgc vd gin kit, ching hgn: Brothers are like hands and feet (Anh em nhu till tay chdn. td); The brother would rather see the sister rich them make her so; (Em mong muon chi giau cd hon gjiip d5 ehi Idm gidu. d); The younger brother has the more wit (Em khdn ngoan hon. d).
2.2.5. Ung xir mg chong - ncmg ddu Trong quan hf gia dinh, mdi quan hf giiia mp chong vdi con ddu rat nhay cdm, thudng xdy ra xung khic. Do dinh kiln kbit khe ciia xd hfi Vift Nam xua "Con khong de khdng thuang' hodc khdng eung huyet thong "Ididc mdu tanh long" ma quan hf Gng xG giGa me chong vdi con dau thudng din din mdu thuan.
Tren thyc t l , do la do sy khdc bift ttong ihig xG giiia hai the hf, hai quan d e m s6ng, tr&
het Id sy thieu quan tam chdm sdc, cdm thdng lin nhau gjiia cdc thanh vien trong gia dnh.
Lidn quan d i n m i l quan hf "dfnh kiin"
giGa mp chong va ndng ddu, tue ngG tiing Vift vd tidng Anh deu phdn dnh hifn tupng nay.
Song nhfhig thdnh Idln, dc cdm eda m l i quan hf giiia mp chong vd ndng ddu d cfng doi^
ngudi Vift till hifn nhGng ndt dOe ddo mang sic thdi rieng trong i^dn ngG eua ngudi Vift Nam. Vi dy: Chdn tdm rdi mai uam ta, ldm ddu rdi mdi dugc ma mf chdng; Cd phiie ldy dugc ddu hien, vo duyen ldy phdi ddu dgi;
Ddu vd nhd mg gia ra ngo; Mf ching ncmg ddu, chu nhd ngirdi a yiu nhau bao gid; Thdt thd cUng thi ldi trdu, yeu nhau cUng thi ndng ddu mf chdng; Mf chong khong ai noi tit ndng ddu. ndng ddu ddu noi tdt mf ehdng; Bo chdng Id ldng con phugng mf chdng Id tugng mdi td, ndng ddu mdi vi Id bo nghe chiei. Tuy vdy, tye ngG tieng Vift van cd nhGng cdu th^
S6i^ffi^0I6
N G 6 N N G C & Ddi S6NG 17hifn tiiifn chf quan hf Gng xG tit (^p giQa me chong vd nang ddu: Ddu ddu, ri ri, cUng ki la con; Ddu hien han eon gm. ri hien han con trai; Ddu Id con, ri^^jkhachXSng xG trong quan hf gitia me chdi^ nang ddu d tye ngG tieng Anh phdn anh khdng da dgng, nhieu cimg bgc cdm xue nhu d tyc ngQ tieng Vift, the hifn sy nhin nhgn, suy nghT hifn dgi hon.
Cy the: There is but one good mother-in-law and she is dead (Chi cd mdt mp chong tot vd bd iy dd chit d); A mother-in-law is what you inherit when you marry (Mp ching Id mdn thiia ke khi bgn lap gja dnh. d). Nhu vgy, ehi can yeu tiiuong, thdng cdm, se chia cd thi cdi thidn moi quan hf giiia mp ching vd nang dau, tG do xay dyng mpt mdi im gia dnh hgnh phuc. Day ciing la bai hpc gido dye the hf tre khi xay dyng mft mdi quan hf hda hpp till kfadi^ till chi xudt phat tG mpt phia. Hai bdn phdi bilt Gng xG kheo leo, ehu dfng tiiay ddi edeh nhin vd hdnh xG de cdi thifn moi quan hf ndy. Thyc te cho thdy, nhiing xung dft gay git trong quan hf gjiia me chong ndng ddu den nay Ididng cdn mang tinh pho bien.
Bdng 2.1. Tong hgp so lugng cdu tgc ngd vi dng xu giita cha mf - con cdi - anh chi em tror^ tiing VJ^t vd tiing Anh
TT Ngdn ngQ Tidng Vift
Tdng 1521
So Iupng
(%)
209(13.7%) 2 I Tiing Anh | 1415 | 33 (2.3%)
2.3. Vng xu: hg hdng than 0c Phong tyc tmydn tiidng etia ngudi Vift Nam xua ludn coi trgi^ tinh nghia gia tgc "Di vifc long giit ldy hg, di vi$e hg giie ldy anh em" hay "Ra ldng binh hg, ra hg benh anh em". Mdi quan hf hp hang than ^ dupe bit nguIn tG huylt thong, ddng hp "Chim co td, ngudi CO tdng'\ "Cdy co egi, nu&c cd nguon".
Giao tilp ling xG trong quan hf hg hdng ciia cfng dong ngudi Vift xua vi v$.y tiieo nguydn tie trpng vai, tuc Ihidn ve quan hf huyet thong,
thd hifn sy gin kit trong ddng hp. Xu hudng cung CO tinh than la li do dl gjdi thfeh cho nhiing cau tyc ngQ chi quan hf than t^ trong gjao tilp eda cfng ddng ngudi Vift Vf dy:
Mgt gigt mdu dao. han ao mrdc Id; Nhdt con, nhi chdu, thu sdu mdi din ngudi dung; Con chii con bdc co khdc gi nhau; Bd con vi td vi tien. khong phdi vi tiin W ggo; Hg chin ddi con han ngirdi dung; Ddng cgy cUng thi mat rd nggt ngdo cho Idm cOng Id nffrdi dung. Sy gdn ket, sd chia trong ung xG hg hdng than tdc cua cfng ddng ngudi Vift cdn till hifn d nhGng hodn cdnh vinh nhue khdc nhau. Ddy cung Id sy rdn daiy con chdu phdi bilt tdn ti thG bac vd Gng xG trudc sau, trdn dudi phG hgp Mgt con ngijca dau cd tdu bo co; Mdt ngudi ldm bgy cd hg xdu /oy; Mgt ngudi ldm nen cd hg dugc c^, mgt nguai lam bt^ cd hg mdt nhd. M^ khde, quan hf huyet thong dupe ngudi Vift xua lay ldm trpng Id quan hf "ndi tpc" - quan hf ben cha. Chinh quan nifm ndy
^ tao ndn cdch ting xG vd cdc hanh vi giao tilp khdc nhau giCra nhiing ngudi trong quan hf hp hdng. Vf dy: Con co con cdu thi xa. con chd con bdc thgt Id anh em; Cdu chit mg ra ngudi dung chu md co chit thim dirng lay ai;
Chong cd. vg egu, chdng di. trong ba ngirai dy chit thi khong tang. Nhu vgy, ung xG trong quan hf hp hang than tdc, du trao doi tinh cam hay cdng vifc, ngudi Viet bao gjd ciing cd thdi quen sG dyng ngdn tG gian di, gidu tinh bilu cam, thi hifn sy tdn kfnh nhim Iam tdng them sy thdn mgt, gin gui. Ddy Id nin tdng dgo U trayin thong - net dpp ciia van hda Gng xG cua dan tgc Vift Nam edn dupe luu giG din ngdy nay.
Quan hf hg hdng than tfc ciia cgng ddng ngudi Anh tuy cd phan dnh trong tyc ngG, thd hifn sy dodn kit, tiian di nhung khd md nhgt, khdng phong phu vd mang nhieu sic thdi bidu cam nhu ngudi Vift vdi nhiing hinh dnh bilu tnmg cy the, chan thyc: blood, family qffah;
foul bird nest,... Dilu nay dupe If gidi do dgc dim ldi sing du myc, giua cpng ding it sdng
18 N G O N N G f & D d i S 6 N G S6 6 (248)-2016
phu thuOc lan nhau, cu th^: Blood is blood (Ba con vi t6 vi tien, Ichong phai vi tiSn vi g?io.
td); Blood is thicker than water (M6t gipt mau dao hon ao nu6c la. td); One man does not make a team (Mgt c4y lam ching nSn non. td); /(is an ill/foul bird that fouls/defiled its own nest (Con sSu I ^ rau noi canh. td).
Bang 2.2. Tdng hgp cdu tuc ngU vi ting xii Irong gia dinh a tieng Viet vd liing Anh TT
1 2
Ngdn ngd Tieng Viet Tieng Anh
Tdng so 1
1521 1415
iTng xu * 209 33
ffng xti**
47 34
Tdng cdng 256
67
* giGa cha m? - con cdi - anh chi em
** ttong hp hang than tfc 3. Ket luan
Tye ngG Id nguon sG lifu quy, gdn vdi mpt tien trinh phdt triin Idu ddi ciia moi ddn tfc nen mang nhiing ndt ridng, d i u in, sGc hap din ciia ddi song, phong tyc, thdi quen, ndp nghl. Cimg phdn dnh m l i quan he gia dhih, khde vdi tye ngG tieng Vift, tyc ngG tiing Anh thi hifn khd md nhgt vd rit it cdu d l cgp den m l i quan hf ndy. Kit qud d bdng 2.1 va 2.2 eho thay, so lupng cdu tyc ngG tiing Vift vd tiing Anh dupe khdo sdt gin ngang nhau, song s l lupng cdu tuc ngG bdn vd ting xu trong gia dmh giGa tiing Vift va tiing Anh ed sy chenh lfch, khdc nhau ddng kl. Dilu ndy cd thd If gidi do ddc d i m cdu tnic gia d n h ciia hai cpng dong ngudi ndi tieng Vift vd tiing Anh khdc nhau: gia dhih g i m nhilu the hf - gia dinh hgt nhdn; quan hf cfng ddng ldng xd ciia cu ddn ndng nghifp - quan hf cua cu dan du myc theo chG nghia cd nhan; tu duy ttpng tinh - tu duy Ii tinh.
T A I L I | : U T H A M K H A O 1. D S Thi Bdy (2009), S\cphdn dnh quan hf gia dinh, xd hgi trong tuc ngit, ca dao, Nxb Lao dpng.
2. Phgm Vdn Binh (1999). Tuc ngir nudc Anh vd thdnh ngit tiing Anh giau hinh dnh (quyin II), Nxb Hdi Phdng.
3. Chu Xudn Dien - Luong Vdn Dang - Phuang Tri (1998), Tuc ngd Vift Nam, Nxb Khoa hpc Xd hfi, Hd NOi.
4. HQu Dgt (2009), Dgc tnmg ngdn ngit vd vdn hda giao tiip tiing Vi^t, Nxb Gido dye, 157.
5. Lam Quang Ddng (2008), Mgt sd dgc diim vdn hoa, tdm li vd tinh cdch ddn tgc trong tuc ngir Anh va tuc ngit Vift Nam, Tgp chi Ngdn ngG, Hd Nfi, ( s l 7), tt.33-43.
6. Jennifer, S. (2008), The Oxford dictionary of proverbs, Oxford Universi^
Press.
7. Johnson, A. (1960), Common English proverbs, Longman, London.
8. Nguyen Vdn Mudi (1996), A'gon ngir v&i vifc phdn dnh cdc yiu ti vdn hoa va nhdn sinh quan (thong qua tuc ngit Vift - Anh), Lu|ln dn Tiln sT NgQ van, Trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpe Xd hfi vd Nhdn vdn.
9. Schlesmger I.M. (1991), The wax and wane ofWhorfian views, in cooper, Lado, R
& Spolsky, B. (eds.), The influence of language on culture and thought (Essays in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman's Sbcty-Fifth Buthday), Mouton de Gruyer, New York.
Abstract: During the integration process, the preservation and promotion ofthe inherent value of proverbs play an important role. The article focuses on the cultural behavior of the Vietnamese community and the British througji proverbs. Accordingly, this research suggests some similarities and differences importantly in terms ofthe behavior ofthe two ethnic families, helping learners to have a better understanding of language and its culture they are learning.
Key words: cultural behavior, family;
proverbs; Vietnamese; English.
