TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
HOAN THIEN CHINH SACH
DAU T I T P H A T T R I E N NGANH THUY SAN
> LE THI MAI ANH
TOM TAT:
Thffc hien muc tieu phdt tiidn nganh Thuy san giai doan tff 2014 - 2018, Nha nffdc da ban hanh nhidu van ban phap luat nham dinh hffdng dau Iff, lao mdi trffdng thuan Idi cho ngdnh Thuy san. Khi chinh sach ddu tff ngdy cang tang se gdp phan tao thdm cd s6 vat cha't cho nganh Thuy san, cung nhff gdp phan thiic day ngdnh nay ngdy cang phat trien toan dien trdn td't cd cdc ITnh vffc, nhff: ddnh bat, nudi tiong, che' bie'n va xua't khiu thuy sdn. Tuy nhidn, cd ca'u von dau tff dffdc SIJT dung chffa hidu qua, diu tff chffa hdp 1^, dan trai va thie'u tap trung. Bai vidt danh gid thffc trang chinh sdch dau tff d^i vdi ngdnh Thiiy san tiong thdi gian qua, ddng thdi kie'n nghi mdt sd' giai phdp de hoan thidn chinh sach nay trong thdi gian tdi.
Tif khoa: Ngdnh Thiiy sdn, Nghi dinh sd67/2014/ND-CP, chinh sdch dau tff.
1. D^t va'n de
De nganh Thiiy san trd thdnh nganh kinh td' mui nhpn ciia da't nffdc, trong nhffng nam gan day, Nha nffdc da ban hdnh nhieu cdc van bdn phdp ludt nham dinh hffdng dau tff phdt trien ngdnh Thiiy san. Vide dau iff diing hffdng dd gdp phdn lao chuyen bie'n manh me trong san xud'l kinh doanh, ndng cao nang Iffc canh tranh, md rdng quy md sdn xua't va thiic day xua't kha'u ciia cac doanh nghidp thiiy san d Viet Nam. Ben canh cac mat tich cffc, qua trinh trien khai cac chinh sdch dau tff cung da hoc Id mdt sd khuyd't diem, han che, tdn tai. Chdng ban nhff cdc hang muc edng trinh dau tff ed sd ha tang cang ca, cd sd dich vu hdu cdn, nhd't la cac cd sd sii'a chffa, bao dffdng tdu vd thep chffa hdp ly va ddng bd. Bdi vie't ndu thffc trang chinh sdch dau tff, dong thdi chi ra thdnh tffu va han chd', cung nhff de xud'l mpt sd' giai phap hodn thidn chinh sach dau tff phat trien thiiy sdn trong giai doan 2014- 2018.
2. Thufc tr^ng chinh sach dAu tff phat tridn nganh Thuy san
Trong khudn khd Nghi dinh so' 67/2014/ND- CP ndu rd ngdn sdch Trung ffdng tap trung dau tff ede hang mue ha tdng thiet yd'u cang ca, khu neo ddu trdnh tru bao (bao gdm eau cang; ke bd, ke chan sdng, chan cat; nao vet ludng ra vdo cdng, vung nffdc neo dau tau; cdng trinh neo budc tau;
he thdng phao tieu, bdo hidu, den tin hidu; he thd'ng thdng tin lidn lac chuydn diing).
Ngan sach Nhd nffdc ffu tidn bd' tri vd'n hdng nam theo kd' hoach giai doan 2015 - 2020 dffdc cd'p tha'm quyen phd duydt vdi mffc diu tff binh quan hang nam tang td'i thieu gd'p 2 lan so vdi sd vd'n binh qudn hang ndm dd bd tri cho giai doan 2011 - 2014 de thffc hien, bao dam da'y nhanh va hodn thanh dfft didm cac cdng trinh, dff dn theo quy dinh. Tap trung ffu tidn xdy dffng, ndng cd'p cdng trinh tai cac dao: Ly Sdn, Phu Quy, Cdn Dao, Phii Qudc, Bach Long VT, Cd Td, Con Co vd
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mpt sd' linh duydn hai Nam Trung bd; bd' tri vd'n dau tff xay dffng cdc trung tdm nghe ca Idn gdn vdi ngff trffdng trpng diem lai cdc thanh pho Hai Phdng va Da NSng; cac tinh: Khdnh Hda, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Kidn Giang theo quy hoach da dffdc cap cd thd'm quyen phe duyet.
Nghi dinh sd' 17/2018/ND-CP sffa ddi, bd sung rapt sd didu cua Nghi dinh sd 67/2014/ND-CP ngdy 07/7/2014 ciia Chinh phii vd mdt sd' chinh sdch phat irien thuy sdn. Cu thd, Nghi dinh ndu ro: Ngdn sach Trung ffdng ddu iff 100% kinh phi xay dffng cdc hang muc thiet ye'u ciia cang cd loai 1, khu neo ddu trdnh tni bao ca'p vung (bao gdm can cdng; ke bd, ke chdn sdng, chdn cat; nao vet ludng ra vdo cang, viing nffdc neo dau tdu; cdng trinh neo budc tau; he thd'ng xff ly nffdc thai; nha phan loai; nha dieu hanh; san va dffdng ndi bd;
he thd'ng den chid'u sdng; he thd'ng phao tidu, bdo hidu, den tin hidu; he thd'ng thdng tin lidn lac chuyen dung) vd dau tff xdy dffng 5 Trung lam nghe cd Idn (cang cd ddng Iffc).
Ngdn sdch Trung ffdng dau tff 100% kinh phi xdy dffng cdc dff an do Bd, nganh Trung ffdng quan ly dd'i vdi cdc hang muc ha lang dau md'i vung nudi trdng thiiy san tap trung; viing san xud't gid'ng tap trung bao gdm: He thd'ng cd'p thodt nffdc (ao, be chffa, cdng, kdnh, dffdng d'ng cd'p, tieu nffdc, tram bdm), dd bao, ke, dffdng giao thdng, he thd'ng dien, cdng trinh xff ly nffdc thai chung; ndng cap cd sd ha tang cdc Trung tdm gid'ng thuy san qud'c gia, Trung tdm gid'ng thiiy san ca'p viing; Trung tdm quan irac canh bao mdi trffdng nudi trdng thiiy san, Trung tam khao nghiem, kiem nghiem, kiem dinh nudi trdng thiiy sdn cd'p Trung ffdng va ca'p vung.
3. Nhffng kd't qua dat difdc
Hdng nam, cdc tinh xay dffng kd'hoach va nhu cau vd'n dau tffgffi Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn, Bd Kd' hoach va Dau tff de bd' tri kd' hoach vd'n. Tuy nhidn do nhu eau dau tff Idn ndn ngudn vd'n khdng ddp ffng dii theo ydu cau dd'i vdi chinh sdch phat trien thiiy san. Nhidu dia phffdng ed nhu eau nhffng chffa dffdc can dd'i bd' tri vd'n de thffc hien. Mat khac, mdt so' dia phffdng khdng dffa vao kd' hoach dff todn, trong khi hien trang cac cang cd khdng cdn phu hdp vdi vide neo ddu eiia cdc tau ca vd thep Idn. Nhu cdu vd'n do Bd Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghd tdng hdp tff cdc
dia phffdng cao, hdu bet cac dff dn dffdc bd tri vdn deu Id cac dif dn chuyen tid'p dang ddng thdi trien khai, nen vd'n bd' tri dff an mdi theo Nghi dinh sd' 67/2014/ND-CP rd't ban chd'. Tdng so' vd'n ngdn sdch Trung ffdng da bd' tri trong nam 2015 la 1.501 ty ddng, tang 30,5% so vdi nam 2014 (1.150 ty ddng), trong dd:
- Ngudn vd'n dau tff qua Bd Ndng nghidp vd Phat tridn ndng thdn qudn ly Id 160 ty ddng (nam 2014 Id 90 ty ddng) tdng 78%.
- Ngudn vd'n chffdng trinh hd ird cd muc tieu ihudc ITnh vffc thuy san gdm:
+ Dau tff eae dff an khu neo ddu tranh tru bao eho tau cd la 480 ty ddng (nam 2014: 383 ty dong), tang 25%.
+ Dff dn dau tff phat trien ha tang nudi trdng thiiy san bd' tri 640,5 ty ddng (nam 2014 la 590 ly ddng), tang 8%.
+ Dau tff cho chffdng trinh gid'ng Ihiiy sdn Id 220,2 ly ddng (nam 2014 la I15,2ly ddng), tang 91%.
Vd'n dau tff dff kid'n trung han cho phat trien kinh Id'thuy sdn ben vffng giai doan 2016 - 2020 la 4.282 trieu ddng.
Nam 2016, vd'n giao la 949 ty ddng (giam 22,5% so vdi nam 2015), Irong dd vd'n dau tff qua Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt tnen ndng thdn quan ly 125 ty ddng, dia phffdng quan ly 824 ty ddng.
Tuy chinh sach dau tff chffa dap ffng theo ydu cau nhffng ngdn sdch Nhd nffdc bffdc dau da ffu lien bd' tri vd'n dau Iff cdc chffdng trinh hd trd cd muc lieu thudc linh vffc thuy san, gdm: Khu neo dau tranh tni bao cho tau ca; dau tff phat trien ha lang nudi trdng thuy sdn; chffdng trinh phdt tridn gid'ng Ihuy sdn.
4. Cac ban che'cua chi'nh sach d^u tif Ben canh nhffng ke't qua dat dffdc, thi chinh sdch dau tff cdn tdn tai mdt so'van de nhff sau:
- Cdc hang muc dau tff tff ngudn vd'n ngan sach nha nffdc cho cdng cd, khu neo dau trdnh tru bdo chffa ddng bd (chffa quy dinh dd'i vdi cac hang muc, nhff hd thd'ng xff ly nffdc thai; nhd phdn loai; nha didu hdnh; san va dffdng ndi bd, he thd'ng den chie'u sdng); ngdn sdch nha nffdc dau tff eho cang ea, khu neo dau tranh tru bao, khu nudi trdng thiiy san lap trung cdn ban che' (nam 2015 tang 30,5% so vdi 2014; nam 2016 giam 22,5% so vdi nam 2015).
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TAP CHl CONG THUfiNC
- Thdi gian gan day ddi lau ca phat trien manh ve so Iffdng, kichthffdcva cdng sud't tau Idn hdn, tiong khi cd sd ha lang nghe cd (cang cd, khu neo dau) chffa kip thdi dap ffng dffdc; ngudn vd'n cho duy tu bao dffdng tha'p nen hau bet cac cdng trinh cd sd ha lang nghe cd bi xud'ng ca'p, qua tai.
- Viec thffc hien chinh sach dau tff cd sd ha tang nghe cd chffa dat dffdc theo muc tieu cua Nghi dinh, ngdn sach bd' tri de' thffc hien chinh sach ndy cdn ban che' (nam 2015 tang 30,5% so vdi 2014; nam 2016 giam 22,5% so vdi nam 2015).
- Vide cdn dd'i, bd'tri kinh phi dau iff cd sd ha tang cho nganh Thiiy san chffa dffdc nhff quy dinh tai Dieu 3 Nghi dinh sd' 67/2014/ND-CP (bd tri kinh phi hdng nam giai doan 2015 - 2020 vdi mffc dau Iff binh qudn hdng nam tang gd'p 2 Ian so vdi mffc binh quan giai doan 2011 - 2014). Do dd, da anh hffdng lid'n dd vd kha nang dau tff xay dffng cdc cdng trinh cd sd ha tdng nghe cd, khu neo ddu tranh tni bao cho tau ca, dae bidt Id ndi neo ddu dd'i vdi cdc tdu cd cd kich thffdc Idn, tau vd thdp.
- Nghj dinh so" 67/2014/ND-CP quy dinh dia phffdng phdi cd vd'n dd'i ffng nhffng da sd' cdc dia phffdng khdng bd' tri dffdc ngudn ngan sach nay dan dd'n dau tff khdng ddng bd, nhidu cang ca khdng cd mdi che va he thd'ng xff ly nffdc thai;
chffa dau tff vide nao vet ludng lach, dat phao tidu, bidn bao cho tau ra vao.
5, Khuyd'n nghi ve chinh sach dau tff Thd nhdt, de nghi Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn ra sodt, ddnh gid linh hinh thffc hidn, ke't qua trien khai cac quyd't dinh dau tff xdy dffng he thd'ng cang ca, bd'n cd, khu neo ddu tranh tru bao cho tdu cd, so sanh dd'i chie'u vdi quy hoach long the phat tridn ngdnh Thuy san den nam 2025, lam nhin nam 2035, xac dinh nhffng diem chffa phu hdp, bd't hdp ly, mau thuan irong dau tff cd sd ha lang, trong su" dung ngudn vd'n dau tff de cd cdc giai phap khae phuc, dap ffng kip thdi vdi sff ddi mdi cd ca'u ddi tdu, v6 tdu dang thay ddi nhanh theo Nghi djnh sd 67/2014/ND-CP.
Thd hai, cdn nghien cffu su'a ddi, bd sung mdt so' chinh sdch thu hiit doanh nghidp Ihara gia dau tff vdo he thd'ng cang ca, bd'n ci, thiic day nhanh vide thffc hidn cd chd' dau iff theo cdc hinh thffc PPP, PPC, PPI, xa hdi hda cdc ngudn vd'n dau tff, gidm gdnh nang vd'n dau tff tff ngan sdch.
Thii ba, tang cffdng qudn ly boat ddng dau tff, tranh dau tff dan trai, tha't ihoat, gay lang phi. Vi ngudn vd'n ban che', cho ndn mdi ddng vd'n ngan sdch cdn dffdc sff dung sao eho hieu qua nha't Dd tranh vide ddu tff d at vd thid'u than trong, Vidt Nam cdn tid'n hanh dau iff theo chffdng trinh cu the. Tuy nhidn, do sff phffc tap ciia san pham thiiy sdn md mdi chffdng trinh lai lien quan dd'n rd't nhieu ITnh vffc khac nhau, can lien hdnh d nhiJng thdi didm khde nhau. Vi the, can phan bd cac chffdng trinh Idn thanh cdc chffdng trinh nhd hay cdc to hdp chffdng trinh hdp ly dffa tren tinh cha't vd dac diem cua mdi chffdng trinh.
Thii tu, tang cffdng thu hiit vd'n dau iff phdt trien thiiy san theo hffdng ffu tien nang cao nang Iffc, hd thd'ng cd sd nghien cffu khoa hoc, cdng nghd, nham tao ra nhffng ddt phd mdi ve nang sua'l, cha't Iffdng va hidu qua kinh td'. Khoa hpc cdng nghe la mot ye'u td' quan trpng thiic da'y sijf phdt tridn nhanh chdng va loan didn ngdnh Thiiy san xud't khau, dau tff phat trien edng nghd se tao ra nhffng thay ddi cd ban mang tinh quyd't dinh cho vide thiic dd'y xud't khau ciia cac doanh nghidp thiiy san.
Thd ndm, tang cffdng quan tam dau iff bdo vd mdi tiffdng, bao vd tai tao va phat trien ngudn Idi thuy san. De cao ydu cau, nhidm vu BVMT irong chinh sdch xua't kh^u thuy san. De cd chinh sdch bam sat tinh hinh thffc td', trffdc hd't cd quan chffe ndng sdm hodn thien cd sd dff lieu vd tham dd cdc ngudn tai nguydn thuy san d cac vung bien ciia Viet Nam; Xdy dffng ban do so hda vd phdn bd ngudn Idi hai san lao cd sd de ed quan ehffe nang dff bao, tham mffu cac bidn phap phdt trien nganh Thuy san vdi nhidm vu bao ve mdi trffdng.
Tom lai, dau tff ciia Nhd nffdc Id khoan dau tff cd y nghTa ra't Idn trong vide hd trd phdt irie'n ngdnh Thuy san d nffdc ta hidn nay. De ddu lif hidu qua thi dau tff phai phil hdp vdi tiem nang, the manh eiia ngdnh Thiiy san. Viec ddu tff phdi gan vdi cdc muc tidu phat trid'n kinh td' xa hdi cu the vd gan vdi ddc thii ciia ngdnh Thiiy san dd cd thd phdt huy dffdc nhffng the manh sSn ed ciia ngdnh Thuy san, trdnh tinh trang dau tff ddn trai, lang phi. Khai thac cd hidu qua tiem nang the manh ciia ngdnh Thiiy san se tie't kidm dffdc ngudn vd'n dau tff, cung nhff thiic day boat ddng xud't khiu thiiy sdn •
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien nong thdn (2017). Bdo cdo tdng ke't thuc hien Nghi dinh so 67/2014/ND-CP ngdy 07/7/2014 cua Chinh phu ve mdt so chinh sdch phdt triin thiiy sin
2. Tong cue Thuy sdn (2016). Biin bdn hop gdp y kiin hodn thien du thao Nghi dinhsHa doi. bo sung Nghi dinh sd 67/2014/NB-CP ngdy 07/7/2014 cua Chinh phu ve mot sd chinh sdch phdt tnen thiiy sdn.
3. Nghi dinh so 67/2014/ND-CP ngdy 07/07/2014 ciia Chinh phii ve chinh sdch phdt triin thuy sdn.
Ngay nhSn bai: 23/12/2018
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va su'a chifa: 3/1/2019 Ngdy chap nhdn dang bai: 13/1/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
ThS. LE THI MAI ANH
BO mdn Kinh td'qud'c td', Khoa Tai chinh qud'c td', Hpc vidn Tai chinh
ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INVESTMENT POLICIES FOR THE FISHERY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
• Master. LE THI MAI ANH Department of International Economy, Faculty of International Finance, A c a d e m y of Finance
ABSTRACT:
In order to achieving goals of the fishery sector development in the period of 2014 - 2018, the State has issued many legal documents to orient investment in order to create a favorable envhonment for the fishery sector. The increasingly issuing of investment policies has contributed to establish material faciUties for the fishery sector, promoting the comprehensively development of the fishery sector's fields, such as: fishing, aquaculiure, processing and exporting seafood products. However, the structure of investment capital in the fishery sector is being used ineffectively and the investment activities do not focus on specific fields. This paper is to assess the current situation of investment poUcies for the fishery sector in the past period and also propose some solution to enhance the effectiveness of these investment poHcies in the coming lime.
Keywords: Fishery sector, Decree No.67/ND-CP, investment policies.
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