QUANTRJ-QUANIY
TRACH NHIEM XA HQI
CUA CAC HANG HANG KHONG VIET NAM
9 ^
• HOANG ANH THU
T6]VI TAT:
Trdch nhidm xa hoi cua doanh nghiep (CSR) ddng vai tro quan trong trong viec xay difng cac chie'n Iffdc cua cdc hang Hang khdng. Tuy nhien, cho den nay, CSR trong nganh HSng khdng Viet Nam chu'a nhan dufdc nhi^u srf quan tam cua cSc nha nghien clhi. Muc dich cua bai nghidn ciJu nay nham thrfc hidn m6t nghidn ciJu sd b6 ve cac van de trfich nhiem xa h^i ma cac hang h^ng khong Viet Nam dang thrfc hien. Nghien ciJu mang tinh kham pha va drfa trdn cdc bao cao ve Ir^ch nhiem xa hoi drfdc cdc hang hang khong cong b^trdn website c^a hang nham muc dich xac dinh cdc cam k^t va cdc tidu chuan thrfc hanh ma cdc hang hang kh6ng dang thu'c hidn de tir do Idm nln tdng cho cac nghien ciJu c6 lien quan trong trfdng lai.
Tuf khoa: Hang hang khong, trdch nhiem xa hpi, Viet Nam.
l.Gimthi^u
Trdch nhidm xa hdi cua doanh nghiep (CSR) dang la mdt van d^ drfdc toan xa hdi quan tam khi ngay nay cdc doanh nghiep ngay cang cd y thii'c tham gia vao cac hoal dpng the' hien trach nhidm vdi cdc ben hiJu quan va truydn dat nhifng nd Irfc nay dd'n toan xa hoi (Bhattacharya & Sen, 2004).
Nhifng hanh vi vo trach nhiem gay anh hrfSng xau dd'n hinh anh doanh nghidp va hau qua la srf tay chay cua ngrfdi lieu dung (Williams & Zinkin, 2008). Vdi dac thii cua nganh Hang khdng, CSR ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng trong vide hinh thanh vd xay drfng cac chid'n Irfdc kinh doanh. Hdng nam, cac hang hang khdng gay d nhiem bau khi quyen bdi hang tridu tdn khi thai, tac ddng trrfc tie'p dd'n mdi trrfdng va gdp phan lam bien ddi khi hdu (Holden. 2005). Cac hang hang khong than
thien vdi mdi trrfdng cd the tao an trfdng td't dep vdi cac ben hiJu quan. Dieu nay that sir cd y nghia khi tinh hinh canh tranh trong ngdnh Hang khdng ngay cang gia tang va cac dich vu ma cac hang hang khdng cung cap ngay cang cd srf trfdng dong (Asatryan, 2012; Khairat & Maher, 2016). CSR trong boi canh nay la mot chid'n Irfdc tao nen ldi thd' canh tranh va gay drfng idng trung thanh cua khach hang (Kim & Lee. 2016; Park, 2019; Park el al., 2015). Do dd, cdc hang Hang khdng cd the tan dung nhrfng hieu qua tich crfc cua CSR de dat nhifng thanh cdng trong boat ddng kinh doanh.
Nghien cii'u nay nham muc dich tim hieu va ddnh gia tinh hinh thrfc hien cdc hoat ddng CSR trong nganh Hang khdng Viet Nam, de tiT do lam cd sd cho nhiJng nghidn cii'u cd lien quan dd'n CSR trong trong nganh nay.
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2. Trach nhiem xa hOi cua doanh nghidp va bao cao ve trach nhidm xa hOi
Cho de'n nay chrfa cd mpi khai niem chung nhat v^ CSR du'dc toan the' gidi nghidn ciJu chap nhan (Dahlsrud, 2008) nhrfng CSR thrfdng drfdc dinh nghia theo ba each tid'p can da chieu. Cach tiep can CSR pho bien nha't theo de xuat eua Carroll bao gom bd'n thanh phan trach nhiem:
kinh te' - phdp ly - dao du'c va tii thidn (Carroll, 1979). Bd'n thanh phan CSR nay ed md'i quan he mat thie't va doanh nghiep drfdc ky vpng phai ciing luc dat drfdc 4 muc lieu: hoat dpng kinh doanh cd lai, luan thu phap luat, hanh xijf cd dao du'c va cd nhiJng ddng gdp thidn nguydn vi mdt xa hdi hanh phuc (Carroll, 1991). Hrfdng tie'p can thrf hai do Irfdng CSR drfa tren 3 tieu chi trdch nhiem kinh td', xa hpi va mdi trrfdng theo quan diem phat trien ben viing (Van Marrewijk, 2003). Cdch tid'p can thrf ba la ly thuyet cac ben hifu quan drfdc de xua't bdi (Freeman et al, 2010), theo dd CSR drfdc dinh nghia la lao ra gia tri eho lat ca cac ben hffu quan trong xa hdi (Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001).
Dd'n nay, cac bao cao ve CSR da trai qua 3 giai doan phat trien. Giai doan dau tien bat dau tii nhiJng nam 1970, bieu hien drfdi hinh thu'c cac quang cdo va bao cdo thrfdng nien tap trung vao van de mdi tru'dng. Giai doan thrf hai bat dau tiJ cud'i nhffng nam 1980, trong do cac bdo cao CSR cd xem xet den hieu qua trach nhidm xa hpi cua doanh nghiep dd'i vdi ta't ca cdc ben hffu quan.
Giai doan thff ba bat dau tii nhffng nam 1990, tang crfdng hoat ddng kiem loan xa hdi bdng dffa ra cdc lieu chu^n dffde thid't Idp va dffde ehffng nhan (Jones et al., 2006).
3. Phifdng phap
Viet Nam hien dang cd 4 hang Hang khdng ndi dia la Vienam Airlines, Vietjet Air, Jetstar Pacific va Bamboo Airways. Tdc gia tie'n hanh tim hieu cac thdng tin vl tinh hinh thrfc hien cac hoat dpng CSR trdn cdc website cua cdc hdng Hang khdng nay va nhan tha'y eac hang chffa cd cac bao cao ridng ve CSR. Vietnam Airlines \a Vietjet Air phai hanh cic bao cdo thffdng nien bao cao Ciic ke't qua kinh le dat dffde va trinh ba\
cdc hoat ddng CSR vdi cdc ben hffu quan va mdi trrfdng vdi tidu d l "Trdch nhidm vdi mdi trffdng va xa hdi" (Vietnam Airlines) va "Phdt trien ben vffng" (Vietjet Air) theo bd tidu chuan bao cdo phat trien bin vifng GRI. Jetstar Pacific va Bamboo Airways chrfa cd cac bao cdo thffdng nien va thdng tin ve cdc boat dpng CSR dffde eung cap trfdng dd'i han ehe' tren website cua hang. Nghidn cffu nay trinh bay cdc hoat dpng CSR eua cac hang Hang khdng Vidt Nam theo phan loai ciia (Jones el al., 2006) da dffde (Chen
& Lin, 2009; Khairat & Maher, 2016) ap dting trong nghidn cffu ve trach nhidm xa hdi cua cdc hang Hang khdng chau A bao gom cac ndi dung ve trdch nhidm trong boat dpng kinh doanh, trach nhiem vdi ngffdi lao ddng, cdng dong va mdi trrfdng.
4. Kd't qua
4.L Hoat d^ng kinh doanh
An loan va sffc khde la nhifng van de quan trong nhd't trong hoat dpng cua nganh Hang khdng. Cdc hang Hang khdng Viet Nam ludn dp dung cac he thd'ng quan tri rui ro de bao dam an toan bay va dat ehffng nhan an loan khai thac (lOSA) cua Hiep hdi Van lai Hang khong Qu^c te (lATA). Ngoai vd'n de an toan bay, cac hang Hang khdng ciing quan lam dd'n sffc khde cua phi hdnh doan va hanh idiaeh. Trong dai dich Covid -19, cac hdng hang khdng Viet Nam da ddt yd'u to" an loan phdng dich Idn hang dau va tuan thu cac quy dinh ciia cdc nffdc de dam bao sffc khde cho hdnh khach ciing phi hanh doan bang viec each ly loan bp hanh khdch va phi hanh doan ngay sau khi nhap canh de ngan chan tuydt dd'i nguy ed lay nhidm ra cpng dong va tnen khai cdc bidn phap phdng ngffa dich benh tren toan hd thong, bao gom quy trinh khff triing mdy bay vdi dung dich khuT triing Disinfection Spraying CH2200 va Netbiokem DSAM theo tieu chuan cua cd quan y te khdng gay hai cho sffc khde con ngffdi. Ngoai vide khff triing mdy bay sau mdi chuyen bay, Viemam Airlines cdn phun dung dich khff triing cho toan bo tau bay da hoat ddng trong ngdy thdm mdt lan nffa va u thuoc qua dem de tdng cffdng
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hi0u qud phdng dich. Ngodi vd^n d^ sffc khde va an todn, cdc hang hang khdng cdn bao cao cdc van dl lien quan de'n dich vu khdch hang bao gom dich vu mat da't va dich vu tren chuyen bay. Chi sd' NPS do Iffdng srf hdi long va mffc do khach hang sSn sang li^p luc sff dung dieh vu cua Vietnam Airlines dat 23 diem cao hdn so vdi mffc binh quan ngdnh (8 diem) theo danh gid cua lATA cho cac chuye'n bay tuyd'n chau A va chau Au.
De dam bao chudi cung ffng cd trdch nhiem, cung cap cdc dich vu dat tidu chuan thrfc hanh ciia nganh nham dap ffng srf hai long cua khdch hang, vdi L/U the trong dam phan, cac hang Hang khdng yen can cdc nhd cung cap cam ke't hoat ddng kinh doanh theo hffdng ben vffng, thffe hidn cac tidu chuan dao dffc va thffe hanh trong loan chudi cung ffng. Vietjet Air ludn bao dam sff canh tranh cdng bSng giffa cdc nha cung cap, Iffa chon va danh gia nha cung cap theo cac tieu chi dffde edng bd' minh bach. Td't cd cac nhd cung cS'p dich vu cho Vietjet dIu phai ky cam ke't chong hd'i Id, mpi hanh vi hd'i 16 se hi xff ly nghiem.
4.2. Trdch nhi^m vdi ngiM lao dQng Cic hang Hang khdng Viet Nam nhan manh nguon nhan lffc Id cot Idi ciia van hda doanh nghidp vd ludn cd' gang xay dffng mdt mdi trffdng lam vide an todn, da vdn hda va chuydn nghiep, khuyd'n khich cd hdi phat trien cho ngffdi lao ddng.
Ngoai ra, va'n de v l binh dang gidi trong ca'u triic nhdn sff cung dffde cdc hang Hang Ididng quan tam, eu the tai Vietjet Air, nff gidi chie'm 30%
thdnh vidn dilu hanh, ngffdi lao ddng cd cd hpi binh ding trong thang tie'n. Cdc chinh sdch Iffdng, thffdng dffa vao hieu qua cong viec nham khuye'n khich ngffdi lao ddng phat huy td'i da kha nang ciia minh. Theo xd'p hang cua cdng ty Iff van nguon nhan life Anphabe, Vietnam Airlines vd Vietjet Air lln Iffdt xe'p hang 26 vd 62 trong danh sach 100 ndi 1dm vide td't nha't tai Viet Nam nam 2018.
Vdi hang Hang khdng tre Bamboo Airways, ngodi mffc Irfdng ha'p ddn, ngrfdi lao ddng va gia dinh cdn dffde nhffng phiic ldi nhff bao hiem, ffu dai ve va nghi dffdng midn phi tai cdc khu nghi dffdng ciia FLC.
4.3. Trdch nhiem vdi CQng dBng vd xa hgi Hau hd't cdc hang Hang khdng deu bao cao cac ddng gdp tich crfc cho cpng ding va xa hdi.
Vietnam Airlines phoi hdp vdi Dai sff qudn Anh tbffc hidn chie'n Iffdc CSR trong dao tao Y te' - Cham sdc sffc khoe cpng dong cho giai doan 2019
2021, tham gia vdo chffdng tnnh Operation Smile, van chuye'n 6 trffdng hdp ghep tang theo thda thuan hdp tac vdi Tmng tam dieu pho'i ghep tang Viet Nam gdp phan vao vide cffu sd'ng benh nhan, xdy dffng nha tinh nghia, td chffe cdc ddt kham chffa benh eho ngrfdi dan d nhffng viing khd khan. Vietjet Air danh cdc sua't ve mien phi cho nhffng ngffdi ngheo ve que an Td't, thffe hidn chffdng trinh ke'l nd'i yeu ihffdng, tang 10.000 the bao hilm y id' midn phi cho ngrfdi ngheo ca nffdc.
Chffdng trinh Starkids ciia Jetstar vdi thdng diep
"mdt so lien te ciia ban hdm nay cd thi Ihay d6\
cudc sd'ng eua mdt dffa tre vao ngay mai" da ho trd cffu trd nhdn dao va cac drf an phat trien cpng dong lai mdt so' diem de'n cua Jetstar, trong do cd Vidt Nam.
4.4. Trdch nhi^m vdi moi trifng Cdc hang Hang khdng Viet Nam deu y thffe ve trdch nhidm vdi mdi trrfdng, thrfc hidn cdc bdo cdo ve hoat ddng CSR vdi mdi trrfdng vd chffdng trinh hanh ddng chii yd'u tap trung vao viec hien dai hda dpi tdu bay, quan ly tieng on, chat thai va cac dff an ling hd bao vd mdi trrfdng. Vietnam Airlines dau trf vao ddi tdu the he mdi (Boeing 787-9, Airbus A350-900, Airbus A321neo) vdi ddc tinh lieu thu it nhien lieu, giam Irfdng khi thai carbon va tid'ng on; Vietnam Airlines va Vietjet Air ciing dp dung phan mem tie't kidm nhien lieu SAFRAN nham giam giam Irfdng khi thai nhd kinh, gdp phan ffng phd vdi bie'n ddi khi hau, kiem sodt nhidn lieu tidu thu vd da dat dffde nhffng ke't qua ddng ke'. Vi du, Vietjet Air da tie't kidm dffde 3.4 tridu kg nhien lieu va giam 10.8 tridu kg khi thai trong nam 2018. Hang Jetstar vdi chffdng trinh trung hda khi carbon de din bii cho viec thai carbon trong qua trinh bay nham bao ton rffng, phuc hdi sff da dang sinh hoc va dau tff eho cdc dff an nghidn cffu bao \ e mdi trffdng.
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5. Kd't ludn t o a n b a y drfdc n h d n dinh la t r a c h n h i e m quan Dii hinh thffe va mffc dp b d o e a o k h d c n h a u , t r p n g nha't. J e t s t a r Pacific va B a m b o o cd the da cd nhffng e d e h a n g H a n g k h o n g V i e t N a m d e u t h e n h f f n g h o a t d d n g t i c h c r f c t h e h i d n trdch nhidm vdi M e n sff c a m k ^ t trdch n h i d m xa hdi. V i e t n a m xa h d i nhutig k h d n g cd c d c b d o c d o cu t h e v l cdc Airlines vd Vietjet Air d a n h m d t p h I n eiia b d o c a o h o a t d d n g n d y . N g h i e n cffu sd bd n a y Id gdi y cho Ihffdng n i e n d e trinh b a y v e t r a c h n h i d m xa h p i nhffng n g h i e n cffu tid'p t h e o v e a n h hffdng eiia trong b o a t d p n g kinh d o a n h , trong q u a n h e v d i C S R dd'n h a n h vi ngrfdi tidu diing trong ngdnh ngrfdi lao d p n g , m d i trffdng va xa h d i , trong dd an H a n g k h d n g •
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Ngay nhSn bai: 7/6/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va si^a cht^a: 17/6/2020 Ngay clia'p nliSn dSng bai: 27/6/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
HOANG ANH THlJ Dai hoc Duy TSn
THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF VIETNAM'S AIRLINES
• HOANG ANH THU Duy Tan University
ABSTRACT:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays an important role in the developtnent of airbnes' strategies. However, the CSR iti Vietnann's aviation industry has not received much attention from researchers. This paper is to present a prebminary smdy on the CSR that Vietnatnese airlines are currently undertaking. By investigating the pubhshed CSR reports on Viemamesse airlines' official websites, this study identifies the commitments and practice standards that Vietnamese airbnes are implementing and this stody's findings are expected to be basis for other relevant research in the future.
Keywords: Airlines, corporate social responsibility, Vietnam.
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