NGHigN c a u - TRAO 0 6 l
(1l//0T56VANOeDATRATR0NGC0N6TAC CAI NGHIEN MATUJ
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Le V a n T h a n h Cue tnr&ng Cue Phong, chong Te ngn Xd ha
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heo bao d o eua Bd Cdng an, den t h i n g 6/2013 ca nude ed khoang 181,000 ngudi nghien ma tuy, tang 42.888 ngudl so vdi nam 2005, binh quan moi nam tang 6%. Vdi tdc do gia tang nhu hien nay, Udc tinh den nam 2020 d nudc se c6 khoang 250,000 ngUdi nghidn, trong do nghidn Heroin la 150,000 ngfldi v l nghien ma tuy tdng hop la 100.000 ngUdi.Trflde day, ngfldi nghien thudng diing thudc phien, nay ehii yeu la heroin va ma tfly tdng hgp. Ridng sd ngfldi sfl dyng ma tiiy tdng hgp nam 2013 chiem 12,44%, d biet tai mgt sd tinh, thanh pho sd ddi tugng nay con cd xu hfldng gia tang nhfl:
Da Ning chiem 70%, Tay Ninh 61%, Tra Vinh 49%. Sd ngfldi nghien ma tuy nhiem HIV cung dang lo ngai, chiem 37,4% trong tdng sd ngfldi nhiem HIV d nfldc ta,
Trudc tinh hinh tren, hang nam, nganh Lao ddng- ThflOng binh va Xa hdi da td chflc cai nghidn cho hon 60.000 ngudi nghien ma tuy, trong dd eai tai Trung tam Chfla benh Gilo dye Lao dgng xa hgi la 50,000 ngudi va tai gia dmh, cgng ddng la 10.000 ngfldi, gop phan quan trgng vao viee on dinh va gid vflng an ninh ehfnh tri, t r i t t y a n toan xa hgi, dac biet la d d c thanh phd Idn nhfl Ha N6i,TP Hd Chf Minh, Hai Phdng, Can Tho, Quing Nmh, B l Rja -Vung Tau, Cdng tac cai nghidn thdi gian qua cung gdp phan giam tde do gia tang ngUdi nghidn, ddng thdi nang cao nhan thflc eiia elc d p , elc nganh, eua eong ddng d i n eU ve ma tuy, lac hai cua ma tuy ddi vdi gia dinh vaxa hgi.
Mac du edng t i e eai nghidn da dat duoc nhflng k i t qua nhat djnh, song eung edn nhieu van de dat ra, do la: hieu q u i cdn han che, ty Id t l i nghien cao, sy chf dao, sy phdi hop eua d c d p , d c nganh cung chda chat ehd, chfla thudng xuydn, mdt sd d p iiy, chfnh q u y l n dja phuang chua that sy quan tam, thudng giao phd eho sd, nganh chdc nang, ea sd vat chat, trang thiet bi d d c trung tam cdn khd khan, t h i l u thdn, chfla thuc hidn dfloc day dii qui trinh, d c budc, d c khau cdng viee trong eai nghidn phyc hdi eho ngUdi nghidn ma tuy; day n g h i d eae Trung t i m ehua gan vdi g i l l quyet
Ong Le Vdn Thanh.
vile lam eho ngUdi cai nghien sau khi hda nhip eong ddng ndn hidu qua thap.
Cd n h i l u nguydn nhan ehii quan va khach quan dan den cdng tac cai nghidn chfla dat ket qui nhiJ mong mudn. Nguydn nhan chfl yeu xuat phit tfl nhan thfle ve nghidn ma tuy, cai nghien ma tuy ehua day du, ehung ta eho rang nghien ma tuy I I mdl loat td nan xa hgi d n phai loai trfl va ngUdi nghidn ma tuy bj bSt budc dfla vao trung tam cai nghidn chju sy quin ly, giam sat ehat chd, bi xa hgi, gia dmh ngudi than kythj nang ne.
De nang cao hidu q u i cdng t i c phdng, ehdng ma tuy ndi ehung, cdng t i c dieu tri, cai nghten ma tuyd nude ta ndi rieng, trong giai doan hien nay can thut h i l n ddng bd mdt sd gilt phap sau:
Mgt la, doi m d l can b i n nhan Xbtfc, quan di^mn nghien ma t u y
Day I I mgt b l n h m i n tfnh eua n i o bd. To chflc Yt^
the gidi (V\/HO) d l x i p nghien ma tuy la nhdm benh tam than va dUa ra d e ridu chuan ehuan doin vicac nguyen t i c trong dieu tri. Dieu tri nghidn ma tuyli mdt q u i trinh lau dai, d n k i t hop ddng thdi nhilu lii"
p h i p , d y le, tam ly v l x l hdi, khdng ed mdt lilu ph^P nao ehung eho tat c l ngudi nghien. Thyc h i l n da dang cle bidn phap v l md hlnh dieu tri vdi Id trinh phu ho^^
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TAP CHi LAO e O N G V A X A H O I - So 470 + 471 (tljOl-31/1/20''NGHIEN c a u - TRAO o d l
nhim l i m cho ngudi b l n h dugc quyln lya chgn v l t i l p c i n vdi d e dich vu dieu tri thich hgp, trong do d i l u tri tu nguyin I I ehu y l u , d i l u tn b i t bude chl I p dung ddi vdi ngudi nghidn da dugc g i l o due d xa, phudng, thi Iran m l van tai nghien, ngudi nghidn cd riln an t i l n sfl, cd hanh vi I n h hfldng n g h i i m trong d i n trat ty, an loan x l hgi theo q u y l t dinh ciia tda I n .
Vay vdi quan diem hidn nay coi ngfldi nghidn la b|nh m i n tinh xa hdl thi trudc h i t gia dmh, ngUdi than eua ddi tuong p h l i quan t i m chda tri eho eon em minh I I chinh, N h i nudeed trleh nhidm dau tueo sdvat chat, trang t h i l t bj cho d c trung tam eai nghidn d d c rinh, thinh cdn nhilu khd khan, cd n h i l u ddi tuong nghidn, quan tam dau t f l ea sd s i n xuat d e loai thude phue vu cho d i l u tri nghidn de d i p dng nhu eau chfla tri eua ddi tugng trong xa hgi cung nhu d e bdnh tat khae;
quan tam d l o tao ddi ngu t h i y thudc, cd ehfnh sleh khuyen khieh y, b l e sT ve cdng t i c d ITnh vyc n i y khac phuc rinh trang y, b l e sT khdng mudn v l Trung tam.
Hal I I , quy hoach cacTrung t a m , casd cai nghien ma tuy phu hgp, tranh d i u t f l dan t r i i gay lang phf t i l n eua N h i nude. Mat khic, Nha nUdc d n ed co ehe chfnh sleh de huy dgng td chflc, ci nhan tham gia v i o cdng t i c eat nghien, day manh vide xa hdi hda vile dilu trj v l eai nghien, eoi d i y I I g i l i p h i p lau dai de gili quyet van de nay.
Trong giai doan n i y d n sd dyng triet de ca sd cai nghien hien ed de vfla t r i l n khai thflc hidn eai nghidn ddng thdi lap huan n i n g eao n i n g lyc eho eln bd elc CO sd de cd the riep nhan b l n h nhan vao dieu tri Methadone v l d c thudc thay t h i khic. Bdn eanh do, d n cd suphdi hop vdl ckc bg, nganh hflu quan de d i n h gia mdt elch khich quan Trung tam nao d n duge dn dinh, d i l u ehinh d l ehuyen hda, ddi mdi, s i p xep lai ket hop vdl dieu irj b i n g methadone; dia diem n a o d n dau tu mdi v l to chUe dieu trj b i n g Methadone, t d do hlnh thinh tdng t h i he thdng chfla In cho ngfldi nghidn, khie phye sfl chdng chdo trong edng t i c eai nghidn v l dieu tri Methadone hidn nay, Trdn ca sd qui hoach tdng t h i niy, khuyin khieh to chdc e l n h i n tham gia dau t u ea sd phye vy eho d i l u tn, cai nghiin. Cle ddi tuong mdi sfl dung ma tuy nhflng chfla nghidn, can khuyin khfch v i o d i l u trj, cai nghiin tai cacTrung tam md, linh ho^t g i n d i l u tri, cai nghidn vdt d c hoat ddng phyc hdi sUe khde, phue hdi chdc nang, cle bien p h i p gilo dye dieu chinh hanh vi n h i n cleh; thdng qua hoat ddng tfl v l n , tao co hdi hgc n g h i phiJ hop g i n vdi gilt quylt vi|c l i m , tao thu n h i p dn djnh eudc sdng ngay sau khi hda n h i p cdng ddng
Ba \k, h o i n thien chinh s i c h ddi vdi can bo lam vile d d c Trung t i m
Mdt trong nhflng nguyin n h i n dan d i n hidu q u i edng t i e eai nghidn ma tuy thdi gian qua chfla eao ed nguyen n h i n v l co ehe, chfnh sich ddi vdi d n bg lam vide tai d c Trung t i m . Thu nhap thap, ddi sdng khd khan, dfeu kidn l i m vile vat v l , tham ehi nguy hiem d i n tinh mang da anh hfldng p h i n nao den tinh than trach n h i l m , v l sy gan bd vdi edng vile; vide tuyen ehgn, bd tri, sap xep d n bd nhan vidn d mdt sd vj tri cung chfla phu hgp, trinh do nang lye edng tae edn han che. Day cung I I nguyen n h i n n i y sinh mdt sd tieu cflc d cle Trung tam, eo sd cai nghiin. Do vay, trong vide ddi mdi cdng t i c td chflc hoat ddng cua elc Trung t i m cai nghien sap tdi can tfnh d i n ehinh sach dai ngg hgp ly cho d n bg, nhan vidn; ed ehfnh sleh khuyin khich y, ble sT ve cdng t i c d d e Trung tam, quan t i m dau t f l trang thiet bi, phflong lien l i m vide, hoat ddng v l n hoa the thao.. d e d c d n b d , nhan vien that su yen tam va lam viec vdt rinh than trich nhiem cao.
Bdn la, tang cUdng stf phoi hop gida Trung tam vdi chi'nh quyen dia phUtfng va gia dinh ngUdi nghien
Trong thdi gian qua, sy phdi hop gida ehinh quyln dja phuong, Trung tam va gia dtnh ngudi eai nghidn chua chat ehe, khong it dia phflong, gia dmh phd mIe ngfldi eai nghidn eho Trung t i m , mgt sd dja phuong ehi phdi hgp vdi Trung tam khi dua ddi tflong vao cai nghidn, edn khi h i t han trd ve cung it quan t i m , chfla tao d i l u kien cho ddi tUong co vide lam, thu nhap d l nhanh ehdng dn djnh eude sdng; khdng it gia dmh, ngudi than van cdn phan b i l t ddi xfl, ehua than thien vdi con em tflTrung tam trd ve dan d i n ddi Iflgng mac elm, t y tl, tidu eye tai nghidn.
Qua Ihyc tien cdng t i c eai nghidn d nUdc ta cho Ihay, d nhflng dia phuong quan tam ehi dao sit sao, thyc h i l n ddng bg cle g i l i phap, cdng t i c eai nghiin ed chuyen b i l n rd net, dUOc nhan dan ddng rinh iing hg. Trll lai, dja phuong nao khdng ed chi dao sat sao Ihi rinh hinh nghidn ma tuy dien b i l n phfle tap, sd ngUdi nghidn gia tang, gay bfle xuc trong dfl luan. Vi vay, ydu eau d p bach hidn nay la d e ea quan ehfle ning, d e d p , eae nganh can that sfl v i o eudc. Cin long k i t danh g i l nghiim tuc, t h i n g t h i n nhin lai nhdng ket q u i dat dugc va nhUng yeu k i m , han che tdn tai irong edng t i e cai nghien de ddi mdi lU duy, ddi mdi cO ehe ehinh sach, phflong thUe td chUe eai nghiin, thyc hidn ddng bg d c g i l i phip, g i n k i t chal chd trleh n h i l m gifla chinh quyln dja phuong vdi Trung tam, ca sd eai nghidn v l gia dinh. Cd nhfl vay mdi ed t h i n i n g cao dflgc hidu q u i edng t i e eai nghidn, gdp p h i n giflvdng an nmh trat l u d dia phuong va trdn d|a ban d nude. Li
^ P C H I L A O O 6 N G V A X A H 0 I - S O 4 7 0 + 4 7 1 ( t d 01-31/1/2014)
