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urns 11 I
NGAN HANG PHAT TRIEN CHAU A
T R A N P I N H T U A N phtfdng, muc tieu hoat dpng c^ua ADB la hinh thanh rilfnguon vdn dtf trfl va cac thiJC day stf phat trien kinh te va xa hoi quy vdn vay. Cac hoat done dac biet
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ien nay, Ngan hang Phat trien ^^^ '^^c ntfdc thanh vien dang phat trien dtfdc tai trd tiJf Quy phat trien chau A chau A (ADB) la mpt td chtfc ' ^ ^ ' D f^^ng cao miJc sdng dan ctf trong (ADF) chii yeii bao gdm cac khoan dong tai chinh phat trien da phtfdng ^ ^ S - ^ac muc tieu chien Itfdc ciia ADB gop tiir cac ntfdc thanh vien va ngudn vdn CO 64 thanh vien, trong do co 46 thanh 1^- Thiic day stf phat trien kinh te, xoa doi do ADB lap ra de cho vay tfu dai ddi vdi vien khu vtfc va 18 thanh vien ngoai khu gi^m n|heo, ho trd phat trien ngudn nhan nhiing ntfdc thanh vien ngheo nhat. Cac vtfc. Dtfdc dianh lap ngay 19/12/1966, tru 1"/^ (ke ca cong tac ke hoach hoa gia khoan vdn cho vay tuf OCR chiem s5 chlnli ddt tai Manila (Philippines) - '^"*)' ^ai thien vi tri phu ntf va bao ve khoang 70% tdng sd vdn cho vay ciia ADB CO muc tieu la mpt khu vtfc khong n^°i trtfdng. ADB va nhin chung dtfdc danh cho cac CO doi ngheo. Nhiem vu ciia ADB la ho Ngan sach hoat dpng cua ADB gom 2 ntfdc da dat miJc dp phat trien kinh te cao trd cac ntfdc thanh vien dang phat trien ngudn: ngudn vdn thong thtfdng do cac hdn. Ngoai ra con co Quy trd giiip ky giam ngheo va eai thien chat Itfdng cupc ntfdc thanh vien dong gop hay huy dpng thuat dac biet (TASF) va Quy dac biet sdng. Cu the hdn, muc tieu hoat dpng ciia tren thj trtfdng tai chinh qude te gpi tat la ciia Nhat Ban cung cap kinh phi cho cac ADB la nham eai thien mtfc sdng ciia OCR va nguon vdn ddc biet bao gom 3 hoat dpng trd gilip ky thuat chu yeu ngtfdi dan khu vtfc chau A - Thai Binh quy: Quy phat trien chau A (ADF), Quy nham muc dich tang ctfdng nang Itfc de Dtfdng, ddc biet cho khoang 2 tl ngtfdi ddc biet ho trd ky thuat (TASF) va Quy giup nhifng ntfdc vay co kha nang tranh sdng dtfdi miJc 2USD mdi ngay. Mdc dii dac biet Nhat Ban (JSF). thu dtfdc cac ngudn tai trd ntfdc ngoai dat dtfdc mpt sd thanh cong, song^khu vtfc chiing ta quan tam den stf thay ddi thong qua cac dtf an. Quy xoa doi giam nay van la ndi sinh sdng cua khoang 70% ph,/dng thtfc hoat dpng ciia ADB. Vdi viec ngheo Nhat Ban - mot ngudn vien trd ngtfdi ngheo tren the gidi. ^i/a ra chien Itfdc xoa doi giam ngh^o khdng hoan lai - dtfdc thiet lap nam 2000 Nhifng cdng cu chii yeu ciia ADB mdi, ADB chuyen trpng tam hoat dpng nham tai trd cho cac bien phap ho trd nham hd trd cdc ntfdc thanh vien dang theo tinh than coi xoa doi giam ngheo xod ddi giam ngheo bd sung,phdt trien la ddi thoai chinh sdch, khoan trong khu vtfc la nhiem vu chinh cua Rieng nam 2000, ADB cho nha ntfdc vay, hd trd ky thuat, vien trd khong hoan minh. Cac muc tieu phat trien chien Itfdc va ttf nhan d cac ntfdc vay 5,85 tl USD lai, dau ttf vdn cd phan va bao lanh. Mtfc da thdng nhat trtfdc day nhtf thuc day tang thdng qua 90 khoan vay cua 74 dtf an.
cho vay hang nam ciia ADB dat khoang trtfdng kinh te, phat trien nguon nhan Itfc, Trtfdc do, miJc cho vay nam 1999 Id 5 ti 6 tl USD va hd trd ky thuat d mu'c 180 nang cao vi the ciia phu v& va bao ve mdi USD va nam 1998 la gan 6 ti USD. Cdc trieu USD/nam. trifdng van nam trong npi dung hoat dpng hoat dpng ho trd ky thuat trong giai doan
Cd quan lanh dao cao nhat la Hdi ho trd cua ADB, song dtfdc thtfc Men theo 1998 - 2000 co tdng gia tri 508 trieu USD ddng Thdng ddc - hpp mdi nam mot lan htfdng tang ctfdng xoa doi giam^ ngheo thong qua 870 dtf an. Linh vtfc co tl trpng de quyet djnh cac chinh sach Idn. Khi toan dien. Cac muc jieu phat trien quan vdn vay cao nhS't trong giai doan nay la Hpi dong Thdng ddc khong hpp - Hoi trpng khac va cac van de mang tinh hen giao thdng van tai va truyen thdng ddng Thdng ddc uy nhiem cho Hpi ddng nganh nhtf eai each luat pha^ va chinh (chiem khoang 23%), tiep den la cd sd ha quan trj dieu hanh cdng viec. Hien tai sach, hdp tac khu vtfc, phat trien khu vtfc t^ng xa hoi (hdn 22%), ndng Itfdng ADB CO khoang 650 can bp chuyen mon ttf nhan va cac khia canh xa hpi ciia phat (khoang 14%), nong nghiep va tai va gan 1.300 can bp giup viec. Cac vu trien gop phan dang ke vao viec thtfc hien nguyen thien nhien (11%)," tai chinh dtf an ciia ADB hien dtfdc nhdm lai theo muc tieu chinh ciia ADB. Q 1^^^ ^^ j^g ^^ ^^ ^ j^j^ Q'Q^ ^ j ^ ^^j lanh thd thay vi theo nganh nhtf trtfdc Hoat dpng cho vay vdn ciia ADB hoat ddng tai trd khu vtfc nha ntfdc, ADB day. Viet Nam thuoc Vu MeKong cung dtfdc chia thanh 2 nhdm chinh: Cac hoat con thtfc hien cac hoat dpng khu vtfc ttf 4 ntfdc khac la Lao, Cdmpuchia, Thai dpng thtfdng xuyen va cac hoat dpng ddc rihan, tao chat xuc tac cho'dau ttf ttf nhan.
Lan va Myamar. ^ biet. Cac ho^t dpjig thtfdng xuyen dtfdc 6 Viet Nam, ADB da cho vay 1 dtf an ttf La mpt td chiJc tai chinh phat trien da tai trd tif ngudn vdn thtfdng xuyen (OCR) nhan tri gia 30 trieu USD.
2 4 I THimNG MAI Sd 20/2008
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heo sd lieu thdng ke ciia Bd Nong nghiep My, gia thtfc pham tieu diing tai ntfdc nay da len miic cao nhat trong 17 nam trd lai day la 4%. TTidng thtfdng, tieu diing thtfc pham la M vtfc it bi anh htfdng trtfdc khiing hoang, vl con ngtfdi ciing van phai dn de duy tri stf sdng dii tinh hinh kinh te nhtf the ndo. Ngodi ra, trong vong 30 ndm qua, ty 1? chi tieu ciia cac gia dinh tai My va chau Au da giam tilf 30% xudng con chtfa day 10%. VI vdy, ngtfdi tieu diing khdng con qua quan tam den viec gia ca thtfc pham tdng cao.Tuy nhien, trtfdc cdn bao gia lan tran va vien canh u dm ciia nen kinh te, ngtfdi tieu dung My cung dang phan tfng bang each thay doi loai thiic an va ndi hp dn theo htfdng "tiet giam chi tieu". Dtfng trtfdc xu htfdng nay, cdc Cty da qude gia va nhffng hang ban le da phai thay ddi cd cau kinh doanh ciing nhtf thtfc Men nhieu bien phap ffng pho tUch hdp. Hang thtfc pham Nestle da chuyen tdng gia trong nguyen lieu dau vao sang ngtfdi tieu ding bSng each tdng gid bdn. Ben canh do, Nestl^ mua hang trtfc tiep tuf ndng dan nMeu hdn, thay vi mua t^ thi trtfdng
• ndi gid nhffng mdt hang nay da tdng 50% trong ndm ngoai. Ngoai ra, hang ciing da thay ddi cdng thtfc mdt sd mat hang de giam ham Itfdng cdc nguyen lieu dit tien nhtf trffng.sffa...
That lung bupc bung
Gid thdc phim i§n qui cao khi^n cdc tap doin thtfc phim vi nginh bdn 16 ii§n quan bugc phii vda cit giim chi phf, vda giup ngudi tiSu ddng bio toin vf tUn.
Do gid nguyen Ueu da tang 9% trong nam ngodi, hang thtfc pham My Kraff dang cdgang cat giam cac cM pM khdc de bu dap lai stf tdng gid dau vao nay. Chang han, hang da thay ddi cdng thffc va bao bi ciia san pham bd "Miracle WMp". Ngoai viec chuyen sang vat lieu nhtfa, thi cMec Ip dtfng bd ciing cd mieng rpng hdn de ngtfdi tieu dung cd the "vet" sach. Ngoai ra, dau nanh cd trong thanh phan san pham nay cung bj tiet giam va thay vao do la... ntfdc.
Theo Hiep hpi Nha hang quoc gia My, cac nha hang tai ntfdc nay cung dang chju anh htfdng Idn ttf stf di xudng ciia nen kinh te. Mtfc tang trtfdng dtf bdo 4,4% ciia nganh nay trong nam 2008 la mtfc thap
nhat trong nMeu nam trd lai day. KM tiii tien bi de dpa, ngtfdi dan My ciing giam di nha hang, khdch san. Vi the, nhffng nha hang gid re trong thdi buoi nay cd Ipi the nMeu hdn. McDonald's thay doi tat ca cac mdn trong thtfc ddn va an dinh gid dtfdi 10 USD/suat. Ngoai ra, McDonald's vtfa tung ra mdt thtfc ddn toan nhffng mdn cd gid cM 1 USD va bat dau mdt chien dich quang cao ram rd cho loai thtfc ddn nay. Cac doi thii ciia McDonald's ciing hanh dpng ttfPng ttf. Tham cM ca Starbucks cung dang len ke hoach cho loai ca phe gid 1 USD/cdc. Cdc ddi thii nhtf Wendy's va Burger King cung dang ban cdc loai bdnh gia cM I USD.
LAM HONG {Tlieo The Economist)
ADB quan tam sau sac tdi tiifng btfdc phdt trien trong mdi quan he vdi Viet Nam. Ndm 1976, sau Idii thdng nhat dat ntfdc, Ntfdc Cpng hoa Xa hpi Chii nghia Viet Nam dtfdc tiep nhan la thanh vien ciia ADB thay cho chinh quyen Sai Gdn (gia nh§p ADB tif nam 1966). Trong nhffng ndm 1970 -1973, chinh quyen Sai Gon da ky vay rapt sd khoan tin dung, da nit vdn dtfdc 20 trieu USD. Sau nam 1976, Vi?t Nam dtfdc ADB cho vay dtf an thuy Idi Tan An. Sau ndm 1979 quan he tin dung bj ngtfhg tr?. Den ndm 1993, ADB da ndi lai quan hf tai trd vdi Vi6t Nam. Ndm 1995, ADB da soan thao cWen Itfdc hoat dpng ciia ADB tai Viet
Nam lan thtf nhat. Ndm 2001, ADB da phdi hdp vdi Chinh phii Viet Nam chuan bi cMen Itfdc hoat ddng ciia ADB tai Viet Nam lan th'iJ 2 cho thdi ky 2001 - 2005 va da dtfdc Chii tjch ADB phe duyet. ADB ung hd quan diem ciia Chinh phii ve Men dai hoa nen kinh te va giam ddi ngheo thdng qua viec giai quyet cac van de co tac dung duy tri tang trtfdng, chuyen ddi cd cau ben vffng va di hen vdi xoa ddi giam ngheo. Vdi muc dich nay, ADB tap trung cd chpn Itfa cdc hoat ddng ciia minh vao 3 Enh vtfc theo chdt: tdng trtfdng kinh te ben vffng di lien giam ngheo, phat trien xa hpi va dieu hanh quoc gia tdt. Ttf kM ndi lai hoat ddng tai trd vao thdng
10/1993 den cudi nam 2001, ADB da cung cap cho Viet Nam 34 khoan vay vdi tdng sd vdn gan 2,2 ti USD va cac khoan vien trd khdng hoan lai vdi sd vdn khoang 83 trieu USD de thtfc Men 117 dtf an hd trd ky thuat.
Viet Nam danh gid cao nhffng trd giup cua ADB ddi vdi stf dn djnh va phdt trien ciia dat ntfdc. Trong giao doan 1993 - 2006, ADB da danh cho Viet Nam khoang 4 tl USD. Cung vdi chien Itfdc hd trd Viet Nam giai doan 2006 - 2010, ADB dang la ddi tdc cung cap vien trp phdt trien chinh thtfc Idn nhat d Viet Nam ke tff nam 2007 xet ve quy md chtfdng trinh hd trd hang nam •
THUDNG MAI S& 20/2008 I 2 5
